Tema 11 a.doc

Oposicions mestre d’anglès

11. LEXICAL AND SEMANTICAL FIELDS OF ENGLISH. 1.INTRODUCTION. Words are essential to communication. Everybody learns to speak in isol isolat ated ed word wordss and and then then we be begi ginn to use use chai chains ns of word wordss and and verb verbs. s. Students tend to pick up vocabulary first and then a framework in which these words can be used. At the same time that students learn vocabulary they must learn phonetics and grammar. sually students have a problem with the vocabulary when they have to use it in a conte!t and also with words that don’t have the same meaning as in their mother tongue. "or that reason# they must practice to assimilate them. 2.LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FIELD. We can identify two groups$ %e!ical field$ which refers to the formation of words. Semantic field$ which refers to the understanding of words. 3.LEXICAL FIELD. &o understand this sub'ect# first ( am going to e!plain what )ASE and S&E* are# within the rules of word+formation. )ASE$ is a form to which a rule of word+formation is applied. S&E*$ is the part of the word that remaining after every affi! has been removed. "or e!ample$ Base Stem "riendly "riend "riend "riendly "riend Unfriendly &he S&E* can be understood as the root of the word and the )ASE as the original part from which a mi!ture is made. Once a base has undergone a rule of word+formation# the derived word itself may become the base for another derivation. "or e!ample$ ,nfriendliness"riend "riend      /oun 0"riend1+ly         /oun /oun    Ad Ad'e 'ect ctiv ivee +00friend end1+l 1+ly1 y1     .. Ad'ect Ad'ective ive  Ad Ad'ec 'ectiv tivee Un+00fri 0n+00friend1+ly11+ness   .... Ad Ad'e 'ect ctiv ive e. ..... /oun /oun

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Oposicions mestre d’anglès

&he chief processes of English word+formation by which the base may be modified are$ 3.1. A!"at!#n$ a% &'e!"at!#n Adding a ('e!" to the base$ happy+++)nhappy +&ypes of prefi!es. /egative prefi!es Un*$ unfair 3eversative prefi!es D!s*$ discontent 4e'orative prefi!es M!s*$ misinform 4refi!es of degree or si5e S)(e'*$ supermarket 4refi!es of attitude Ant!*$ anti+social %ocative prefi!es S)+*$ subway 4refi!es of time and order &'e*$ precaution /umber prefi!es T'!*$ trident 6onversion prefi!es En*$ endanger Other 4refi!es ,!-e*$ vicepresident +% S)!"at!#n Adding a s)!" to the base$ happy+++++happily +&ypes of suffi!es. 1. N#)n s)!"es$ Occupational *e'$ gangster 7iminutive or femenine *ess$ waitress Status +##/$ childhood Other noun suffi!es *)l$ spoonful

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Oposicions mestre d’anglès /oun9ad'ectives suffi!es *ese$ 6hinese 7everbal suffi!es *e'$ driver 7e+ad'ectival suffi!es *ee$ employee 2. ,e'+ s)!"es$ *!y$ simplify *0!e%$ popularise *en$ sadden 3. A/e-t!e s)!"es$ Suffi!es added to nouns *)l$ useful Suffi!es common in borrowed and neo+classical words *!-$ Arabic Other ad'ective suffi!es *a+le$ readable 4. A/e'+ s)!"es$ *ly$ happily *5a'/ 0s%$ backwards *5!se$ weatherwise 3.2. C#m(#)n/ 5#'/s. Adding one base to another$ tea : pot; teapot. 1. 6!n/s # -#m(#s!t!#n !n te n#)n$ Sub'ect : verb$ playboy
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Oposicions mestre d’anglès 4. SEMANTIC FIELD. As ( have said# the semantic field refers to the understanding of words 0homonyms# synonyms and antonyms1. 4.1. H#m#nymy an/ &#lysemy. H#m#nymy is when a single word has different meanings not closely related. "or e!ample$ "ile + a bo! for keeping papers in order + a tool for smoothing surfaces + a line of persons or things one behind the other We can find two classes of homonymy$ 2. H#m#(#nes$ are the words that show identity of pronunciation$ ,no-+++,know8. H#m#7'a(s$ are the words that have the same spelling$ ,saw 0noun1-++++,saw 0verb1* H#m#m#'( is the term to refer to those words which share the same morphological form# the same stem. &his concept is relevant to grammar$ fast 0ad'ective1>fast 0adverb1. And# &#lysemy  is when a word has several different but closely related meanings. "or e!ample$ )ranc + of a tree h + family + railway line 4.2. Syn#nymy. Synonymy is the relationship between words that mean e!actly the same. (t is a semantic relation. "or e!ample$ "oggy+++*isty "iddle++++
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Oposicions mestre d’anglès /% C#ne'ses$ &he words are reciprocal$ husband+++wife 99 father+++

son. 8. FALSE FRIENDS. We call false friend to a word that is similar to another in our language. "or instance# Spanish students must pay attention to %atin fields because they may change$ ,Success-+++@!ito# not ,suceso,6ontamination-++++infeccin# not ,contaminacin-++++,pollution9. TEACHING ,OCABULAR:. &o learn vocabulary words# the teacher should pronounce the new item# in association to the orthographic reali5ation of the same and also to teach it meaning. &he teacher also has to use the new word on a conte!t to help students assimilate this word with its meaning. After this# student must try to use the new item# inserting it in a conte!t they think suitable to use it. "inally# the student should use this word as many time as possible to fi! it in their minds. &here are some techniBues in vocabulary teaching that may help 8.C8.D8.28Dstudents. &hese are the followings$ a% Te )se # !s)als "lashcards blackboard transparencies ,clock board- labels maga5ine pictures props colour coding classroom ob'ects posters +% Te )se # 7est)'es Students can gesture when describing ad'ectives as tall# -% Te )se # ;n#5n #-a+)la'y &he teacher can use synonyms and antonyms categories definitions to e!plain the new meanings. <. CONCLUSION. &here are many different methods to teach vocabulary. &hese methods depend on the level of the students and on the types of items we want to teach them. Fowever# as the students advance in their learning process# their needs become more and more important. "or that reason# we must study which are the most common fields that they would like to deal with in the class.

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