Tenses beberapa bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkan kapan terjadinya peristiwa tersebujtm. Tenses terdiri atas (4 kategori waktu x 4 kategori aktivitas = 16 Tenses)
Present
Past
Simple Present
Simple
Future
Simple Past
Simple Future
Past-Future Simple Past-Future
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + V 1 + O/C 1(s/es)
S + V 2 + O/C
S + will/shall + V 1 1
S + would/should + V 1
(Non Verb)
(Non Verb)
S + is/am/are + going
(Non Verb)
S + is/am/are +
S + was/were +
Adj./N/Adv.
Adj/N/Adv.
to + V 1 1 (Non Verb)
S + would/should + be + Adj./N/Adv.
S + will/shall + be + Adj./N/Adv Continous
Present Continous
Past Continous
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + is/am/are + V ing ing + O/C
(Non Verb)
(Non Verb)
S + was/were +
S + is/am/are +
Adj./N/Adv.
Adj./N/Adv Perfect
S + was/were + V ing ing
Present Perfect
Future Continous
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + will/shall + be +
S + would/should + be
Ving (Non Verb) S + will/shall + be + being + Adj./N/Adv.
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + have/has + V 3
S + had + V 3
(Non Verb)
(Non Verb)
V 3
S + have/has + been
S + had + been +
(Non Verb)
+ Adj/N/Adv.
Adj./N/Adv.
S + will/shall + have +
Continous
P. Perfect Continous
Past Perfect Continous
+ V ing ing (Non Verb) S + would/should + be + being + Adj./N/Adv. Past-Future Perfect
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + will/shall + have +
S + would/should +
been + Adj/N/Adv.
Perfect-
Past-future Continous
Future Perfect Continous
(Verb)
(Verb)
(Verb)
S + have/has + been
S + had + been +
S + will/shall + have
+ V ing ing
V ing ing
+ been + V ing ing
(Non Verb)
(Non Verb)
(Non Verb)
S + have/has + been
S + had + been +
S + will/shall + have +
+ Adj./N/Adv.
being + Adj./N/Adv.
been + Adj./N/Adv.
have* + V 3 (Non Verb) S + would/should + have + been + Adj./N/Adv. Past-Future Perfect Continous
(Verb) S + would/should + have + been + V ing ing (Non Verb) S + would/should + have + been + being + Adj./N/Adv.
A. Present Tense 1. Simple Present Tense
For: -habitual action
Pattern: -Verb
-general truth
-daily activities
(+) Subject + V1(s/es) + Object/Complement (-) Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object/Complement (?) Do/Does + Subject + V Object/Complement ? 1 + 1
-Non Verb
Notes: Do Does
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
They, We, I, You (Dewi Ayu) She, He, It (SHIt)
V e/es (She, (She, It, It). Untuk Verb yang berakhiran dengan e/es untuk Singular Subject huruf (o, x, ch, y, th, sh, s) Adverb of Time: -at night
-everyday
-once week
-on Sunday
Adverb of Frequency: -always
*sometimes (kapan-kapann)
-each
-nowdays
-occasionally
-trhee times
-seldom/sometimes/rarely/sometimes (kadang-kadang) -usually
-never
-ever -often AA’ SUNEO (+) once in
a while/every now and then (sekali-sekali) Example Sentences: -Sun rises every morning
S (It) V 1(es)
-Marcel is taller than woman
Adverb of time
S (He) Aux. Adjective
2. Present Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung saat ini -Kejadian yang sedang akan berlangsung -Changes, pernyataan yang mengindikasikan perubahan ( getting/being ), example: The climate is getting older
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + is/am/are + V ing ing + Objcect/Complement (-) Subject + is/am/are + not + V ing + Object/Complement ing (?) Is/Am/Are + Subject + V ing ing + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + is/am/are + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Notes: Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat dipakai dalam bentuk continuous, antara lain: - Kata kerja berhubungan dengan panca indera ( feel, feel, hear, see, smell, notice, observe) - Kata kerja berhubungan dengan perasaan/emosi (adore, appreciate, care, detest fear, hate, like, love, mind, want, wish)
Adverb of Time: -at present -presently -listen!
-at the moment
-at this time
-today
-this week
Keyword: -look!
Example Sentences: - We are studying English right now S
sux.
-pay attention! V ing
object
-hurry up!
-currently -watch out!
adverb of time
3. Present Perfect Tense
For: -Kejadian yang telah selesai hasilnya masih terasa sampai sekarang -Kejadian yang berulang -Menyatakan penegasan untuk: already (positif), yet, (positif), yet, just (negatif), example: (+) I have already heard the song
Pattern: -Verb
(-) I have not heard the song yet
(+) Subject + have/has + V 3 + Object/Complement (-) Subject + have/has + not + V 3 + Object/Complement (?) Have/Has + Subject + V 3 + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Notes: Have
Subject + have/has + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
They, We, I, You
Has
V 3 ( Past Past Participle ), terdiri dari regular
She, He, It Verb + ed
Irregular
Adverb of Time: -since
-yet
-just
-up to now
-already
berbeda dari verb dasar dasar -so far
-recently
-lately
-in the past
Example Sentences: -My mother has cooked the t he dinner S (She)
modal
V 3
Adverb of place
4. Present Perfect Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang tekah terjadi beberapa lama dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang -Kejadian Present Continous dengan periode yang lebih lama
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + have/has + been + V ing ing + Object/Complement (-) Subject + have/has + not + been + V ing ing + Object/Complement (?) Have/Has + Subject + been + V ing ing + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + have/has + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Adverb of Time: -for (selama) -all night
-in the last
-so far
-in the past
-recently
-up to now
-all day
-lately
Example Sentences: -We have been studying for an hour S
modal aux (V ) 3
V ing
adverb of time
B. Past Tense 1. Simple Past Tense
For: -Kejadian di masa lampau, keterangan waktunya telah diketahui -Kebiasaan di masa lampau ( habitual habitual action)
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + V 2 + Object/Complement (-) Subject + + did not + V 1 + Object/Complement (?) Did + Subject + V 1 + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + was/were + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Notes: -Was
She, He, It
Adverb of Time: -… ago
Were
-once upon a time
-this morning
I, You, we, They -last…
V 2
-yesterday
-this afternoon
Example Sentences: -They -They left this room just a while while ago ago S
-just now
Object
Adverb of Time
-She was pretty pretty S
aux. adjective
2. Past Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau -Kejadian yang sedang berlnagsung di masa lampau dan diinterupsi oleh kejadian lainnya
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + was/were + V ing ing + Object/Complement (-) Subject + was/were + V ing ing + Object/Complement (?) Was/Were + Subject + V ing ing + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + was/were + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Adverb of Time: -yesterday
Adverbial Clause: -While -While
-at this time yesterday
-at 7 p.m. yesterday
untuk peristiwa yang berlangsung setara
Example: We were studying while my mother was cooking -When
untuk perisitwa yang sedang berlangsung dan diinterupsi oleh peristiwa lainnya
Example: When I slept, My father was watching television
Example Sentences: -Listen! He was singing a good song keyword
S aux.
V ing
Object
3. Past Perfect Tense
For: -Kejadian yan telah selesai di masa lampau -Kejadian yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lain terjadi di masa lampau
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + had + V 3 + Object/Complement (-) Subject + had + not + V 3 +Object/Comple +Object/Complement ment (?) Had + Subject + V 3?
-Non Verb
Subject + had + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Adverb of Time: -already
-just
Adverb Clause: -After she had locked the door, She went out adverb clause
-for
-since
-yet
had + V (past perfect) 3
V (simple past) 2
-Fatin had already swept the floor before her mother came home Had + V (perfect tense) 3
adverb clause
V (simple past) 2
-He had passed away when her family came to hospital had
+
V (past perfect) adverb clause 3
V (simple past) 2
-I had finished studying by the time you invited me to the party had + V (past perfect) 3
adverb clause
V (simple past) 2
Example Sentences: -I had finished my homework since last night S
had + V 3
Object
Adverb of Time
4. Past Perfect Continous Tense
For: -Peristiwa yang telah dimulai di masa lampau dan berlangsung sampai perstiwa lain terjadi
Pattern: -Verbal
(+) Subject + had + been + V ing ing (-) Subject + had not + been + V ing ing (?) Had + Subject + been + V ing ing ?
-Non Verb
Subject + had + been + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Adverb Clause: - I had been writing a letter for 5 minutes when I saw you had + been + V ing
adverb clause
V (simple past) 2
-After Nuna had been living in Los Angeles, She moved to Japan adverb clause
had been V (past perfect) ing
Example Sentences: I had been working to you for 7 month S
had + been + V ing
Complement
C. Future Tense 1. Simple Future Tense
For: -Kejadian yang akan terjadi di masa depan
Pattern: -Verb
V (simple past) 2
(+) Subject + will/shall/(is/am/are) going to + V Object/Complement 1 + 1 (-) Subject + will/shall + not + V Object/Complement 1 + 1 (?) Will/Shall + Subject + V Object/Complement? 1 + 1 -Non Verb
Note: Will
Subject + will/shall + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
all of them (They, We, I, You, She, He, It)
Adverb of Time: -tomorrow
-next ……
-tonight
Shall
-soon
I, We
-later
-in the future
-the following……
Adverb Clause: -I will call you as soon as I arrive Will + V1 (simple future)
adverb clause
V1 (simple present)
Example Sentences: -I will be a model in the future S will + be
Noun
Present Tense (V ) soon as> will will 1
Adverb of Time
Past Tense (V ) soon as> would would 2
2. Future Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense (had V ) soon 3
For: -Kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa depan
Pattern: -Verb
>
(+) Subject + will/shall + be + V ing + Object/Complement ing (-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + V ing + Object/Complement erb ing
(?) Will/Shall + Subject + be + V ing + Object/Complement? ? ing -Non Verb
Subject + will/shalll + be + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Adverb of Time: -at this time tomorrow
Example Sentences: -I -I will be being a professional English teacher. S
-at 7 p.m. tonight
Be Being
-tomorrow
Noun
3. Future Perfect Tense
For: -Kejadian yang telah selesai di masa depan
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + will/shall + have + V 3 + Object/Complement (-) Subject + will/shalll+ not + have + V 3 + Object/Complement (?) Will/Shall + Subject + have + V 3 + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + will + have + been + Adjecttive/Noun//Adverb
Adverb of Time: -diawali kata ‘by’…… seperti: -by the time -by next……
-by tomorrow
Adverb Clause: By the time we come home, The boys will have slept in their bedroom adverb clause
-by the end of month
V (simple present) 1
will + have + V (future perfect) 3
Example Sentences: -This report will have been claimed as a huge plan by next year S
will + have + been +V 3
Adverrb
4. Future Perfect Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang telah berangsung beberapa lama di masa depan
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + V ing + Object/Compleme Object/Complement nt ing + (-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + V ing + O/C ing (?) Will/Shall + Subject + have + been + V ing + Object/Complement? ing
-Non Verb
Subject + will + have + have + been + Adj./N/Adv.
Adverb of Time: keterangan by… (menjelang) dan for… (selama) ada dalam satu kalimat -by the time…… for a week
-by… for…(keduanya disertai ket. waktu)
Example Sentences: -Their friends will have been finishing t heir project for a year, by the S 1
………………
will
…
+ have + been + Ving (F. Perf. Cont.)
object1
adverb of time (for)
adverb
time they take postgraduate of time (by)
S 2
V (s. present) 1
Object 2
D. Past-Future Tense 1. Simple Past-Future Tense
For: -Kejadian yang akan dilakukan di masa depan, tapi tidak jadi dilakukan karena sebab …… ……tertentu
-Conditional Sentences Type 2
Pattern: -Verb
If I were rich, I would buy an aeroplane
(+) Subject + would/should + V 1 1 + Object/Complement
t
(-) Subject + would/should + not + V Object/Complement 1 + 1 (?) Would/Should + Subject + V 1 + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + would/shoould + be + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Example Sentences: -We -We should be there last month S
adverb of place adverb of time
2. Past-Future Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang akan telah berlangsung di masa lampau
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + would/should + be + V ing ing + Object/Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + be + V ing + Object/Complement ing (?) Would/Should + Subject + be + V ing ing + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + would/should +be + being + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Example Sentences: -I -I should be being a art director if I did work at Pixar studio S should
be being
noun
cond. sentences Type 2
3. Past-Future Perfect Tense
For: -Kejadian yang akan telah sudah selesai di masa lampau -Pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi, karena syaratnya sudah tidak terpenuhi -Conditional Sentences Type 3
Pattern: -Verb
If I had beautiful, We would have been together
(+) Subject + would/should + have + V 3 + Object/Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + have + V 3 + Object/Complement (?) Would/Should + Subject + have + V 3 + Object/Complement?
-Non Verb
Subject + would/should + have + been + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
Example Sentences: -You would have buy a car yesterday S
would + have + V 3
Object Adverb of Time
4. Past-Future Perfect Continous Tense
For: -Kejadian yang telah akan terjadi dan berlangsung di masa lampau
Pattern: -Verb
(+) Subject + would/should + have + been + V ing + O/C ing (-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + V ing ing + O/C (?) Would/Should + Subject + have + been + V ing + O/C? ing
-Non Verb
Subject + would/should have + been + being + Adj./N/Adv.
Exemples Sentences: -My -My boyfriend would have been giving flower at this hour yesterday S
morning.
would have been
V ing
Object
Adverb of TIme
