Starke Verben

Starke Verben - Strong Verbs - A-F INFINITIV

PRÄTERITUM (Preterite)

PERFEKT (Past Participe)

 A A A

anfangen  begin

!ing an  began

anko""en   arrive

ka" an  ar arrived

anrufen call up

rie! an called up

 

ange!angen  begun ist angeko""en   arrived

 

anger#!en called up

 B B B

 

backen  bake

backte  baked

 

gebacken  baked

be!e$en  command   be!a$  commanded  

beginnen  begin

bei%en  bite

 

begann  began

 

biss bit

beko""en  get,

 

be!o$en  commanded begonnen  begun

 

gebissen  bitten

beka" got

 

beko""en  gotten

receive

bergen  salvage

 

bersten  burst

barg  salvaged

 

barst  burst

betr&gen  deceive

 

bog  bent

bieten  offer

bot  offered  

ban'  tied

bitten  request basen   blow

 

geborsten  burst  

bies  blew

betrogen  deceived

 

gebogen  bent  

geboten  offered

 

geb#n'en  tied

bat  requested  

geborgen  salvaged

betrog  deceived

biegen  bend bin'en tie

 

 

gebeten  requested

 

gebasen  blown

See the ablaut groups for groups  for learning the various patterns (a-ie-a, a-u-a, e-a-o, etc.) of erman strong verbs.

bleiben  sta!

 

bieb  st sta!ed

beic$en  bleach braten  roast

   

ist gebieben  sta!ed

bic$  bleached

 

gebic$en  bleached

briet  roasted

 

gebraten  roasted

 

gebroc$en  broken

brec$en  break

 

brac$  broke

brennen" burn

 

brannte  burned

 

gebrannt  burned

bringen" bring

 

brac$te  brought

 

gebrac$t  brought

  "Both brennen and bringen are #mi$ed# verbs, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. %or more see our Mixed Verbs page.  & & &

 

denken" think

'ac$te  thought

 

ge'ac$t  thought

"'he verb 'enken is a #mi$ed# verb, verb, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. %or more see our Mixed Verbs page.

'resc$en  thresh

 

'ringen  force dürfen ma!

   

'rosc$  threshed 'rang  forced '#r!te was allowed

 

ge'rosc$en  threshed

 

ge'r#ngen  forced  

ge'#r!t" been allowed

"sed with an infinitive, infinitive, as for all modals, the past participle participle is the infinitive '&r!en #*ir haben

nicht gehen d+rfen.#    

e"p!angen  receive   e"p!ing  received

 

e"p!angen  received

empfehlen recommend   e"p!a$  recommended

 

ernden  invent

 

er!an'  invented

 

e"p!o$en  recommended er!#n'en  invented

ersc$en  e$tinguish   erosc$  e$tinguished

 

erosc$en  e$tinguished

ersc$aen echo, sound  ersc$o  sounded

 

ersc$oen  sounded

ersc$recken" scare   ersc$rak  scared

 

ersc$rocken  scared

"'his verb has both strong (passive) and weak (active) forms #ch habe ihn erschreckt.# ( scared him.) and #ch erschrak bei der $plosion.# ( was startledscared b! the e$plosion.)

a% ate

essen eat

 

gegessen  eaten

 % % %

 

fahren  travel

!aen  fall

 

!#$r  traveled

ist ge!a$ren  traveled

!ie  fell

ist ge!aen  fallen

!angen  catch

 

!ing  caught

 

ge!angen  caught

!ec$ten  fence

 

!oc$t  fenced

 

ge!oc$ten  fenced

nden  find

 

!an'  found

!iegen fl!

 

!og  flew

ist ge!ogen  flown

!ie$en  flee

 

!o$  fled

ist ge!o$en  fled

!ie%en  flow

 

!oss  flowed

ist ge!ossen  flowed

!ressen  gorge

 

!ra%  gorged

!rieren  free/e

 

!ror  fro/e

 

ge!#n'en  found

 

ge!ressen  gorged

 

ge!roren" fro/en

"'he verb frieren takes the helping verb haben or sein, depending on its meaning. n most cases (#to be cold#) it is #hat gefroren,# but in the meaning of #to free/e, turn into ice,# it is #&er Boden  &as *asser ist steif gefroren.# ('he ground  water has fro/en solid.)

!ro$ocken  re0oice

 

!ro$ockte  re0oiced

 

!ro$ockt  re0oiced

Starke Verben - Strong Verbs - -M INFINITIV

PRÄTERITUM (Preterite)

PERFEKT (Past Participe)

  g*ren  ferment

gor  fermented

 

geb*ren bear (child)   gebar  bore gab  gave

geben  give

ge'ei$en  flourish

 

ge!aen be pleasing,

   

geboren  born gegeben  given

ge'ie$  flourished ge!ie  liked

gegoren  fermented

ist ge'ie$en  flourished

 

ge!aen  liked

like

gehen go

 

geingen  succeed

 

ging  went

ist  gegangen gone

geang  succeeded

ist ge#ngen  succeeded

geten be valid

 

gat was valid

genesen  recover

 

genas  recovered

genie%en  en0o!

 

geno%  en0o!ed

 

gegoten been valid  

genesen  recovered

 

genossen  en0o!ed

gesc$e$en  happen   gesc$a$  happened ge+innen win

 

ist gesc$e$en  happened

ge+ann won

gie%en  pour

 

go%  poured

ge+onnen won

 

gegossen  poured

geic$en  resemble

 

gic$  resembled

geiten glide, slide

 

gitt  glided

ist gegitten  glided

go""" glowed

ist gego""en" glowed

gi""en  glow,

 

gegic$en  resembled

smoulder   "Also gi""te and $at gegi""t  (weak)

graben dig

 

gr#b dug

grei!en  grasp

 

 

gegraben dug

gri!!   grasped

 

gegri!!en  grasped

 , haben  have

 

hatte had

 

gehabt had

%or the complete con0ugation of the verb $aben in the present tense, see Lesson 4 of erman for Beginners.

$aten  hold

 

$*ngen  hang

$iet  held  

 

ge$aten  held

$ing  hunghanged"

 

ge$angen  hunghanged"

"'he verb $*ngen  is weak in transitive situations (#r h1ngte das Bild an die *and.#) and strong in intransitive situations (#&as Bild hing an der *and.#).

$a#en hew, hit

 

$a#te" hit

 

ge$a#en hit

"'he strong past form $ieb is used when the meaning is #struck (him) with a weapon.#

$eben  lift

$ob  lifted  

heißen be called helfen  help

 

 

ge$oben  lifted

$ie%  named

 

ge$ei%en  named

$a!   helped

 

ge$o!en  helped

See the ablaut groups for learning the various patterns (a-u-a, e-a-o, etc.) of erman strong verbs.

 K  

kennen" know

kannte  knew

 

gekannt  known

"'he verb kennen is a #mi$ed# verb, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. %or more see our Mixed Verbs page.

kingen  ring

 

knei!en  pinch

kang  rang  

kni!!   pinched

gek#ngen  rung  

ka"  came

kommen  come können can

 

 

gekni!!en  pinched ist geko""en  come

konnte  could

 

gekonnt" could

"*ith an infinitive, the past participle is knnen #ch habe nicht gehen k2nnen.#

kriec$en  crawl

 

kroc$  crawled

ist gekroc$en  crawled

  a'en  load

#'  loaded

 

gea'en  loaded

assen let, allow laufen run

   

 

geassen let

ie!   ran

ei'en  suffer

 

ei$en  lend

ie% let

ist gea#!en run

itt  suffered

 

 

geitten  suffered

ie$  lent

 

geie$en  lent

esen  read

as  read

 

geesen  read

iegen" lie

ag la!

 

geegen  lain

"&o not confuse iegen (lie, recline, strong) and (sic$) egen (la!, put, weak )3

&gen lie

og  lied

 

geogen  lied

 M "a$en  grind

 

"a$te  ground

"ei'en  avoid

 

"ie'  avoided

"essen  measure "issingen   fail

   

mögen  like

   

ge"a$en  ground ge"ie'en  avoided

"a%  measured

 

ge"essen  measured

"issang   failed

 

"iss#ngen  failed

"oc$te  liked

 

ge"oc$t" liked

"*ith an infinitive, the past participle is "gen #Sie hat nicht gehen m2gen.#

 

müssen  must

"#sste had to

 

ge"#sst" had to

"sed with an infinitive, as with all modals, the past participle is the infinitive "&ssen #*ir

Starke Verben - Strong Verbs - N-Sc$+ INFINITIV

PRÄTERITUM (Preterite)

PERFEKT (Past Participe)

N nehmen take

 

na$" took

 

geno""en taken

nennen name

 

nannte named

p!ei!en whistle

 

p!i!!  whistled

 

gep!i!!en whistled

preisen praise

 

pries praised

 

gepriesen praised

 

/#o" gushed

 

genannt named

P

. /#een gush

ist ge/#oen" gushed

"Also has the weak forms /#ete and $at ge/#et.

R  raten advise

 

riet advised

 

geraten advised

 

gerieben rubbed

reiben rub

 

rieb rubbed

rei%en tear

 

riss tore

reiten" ride

 

ritt rode

 

gerissen torn ist geritten ridden

"'he verb reiten is onl! used for riding an animal (e.g., horseback riding)4 to e$press #ride# in a transportation sense (bus, train, etc.), !a$ren is used.

rennen run

 

rannte ran

ist gerannt run

"'he verb rennen is a #mi$ed# verb, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. %or more see our Mixed Verbs page.

riec$en smell

 

roc$ smelled

 

geroc$en smelled

ringen wring

 

rang wrung

 

ger#ngen wrung

rinnen flow r#!en call

 

rann flowed

 

rie!  called

ist geronnen flowed

 

ger#!en called

S sa0en salt

 

sa#!en  drink

sa0te salted  

so!!  drank

sa#gen  suck

 

gesa0en1gesa0t salted

 

geso!!en drunk

sog" sucked

 

gesogen" sucked

" Also has the weak forms sa#gte  and $at gesa#gt. n technical use, onl! the weak form is used.

schaen create4

schuf " created

 

geschaen" created

accomplish, make "'he strong forms sc$#!   $at gesc$a!!en are used when the meaning is #created# (#Sie hat sch2ne Sachen geschaffen.#). 'o e$press #accomplished# or #made it,# the weak formssc$a!!te $at

gesc$a!!t are used #r hat es geschafft (ein 'or /u machen)3# sc$ei'en depart4

sc$ie' separated

 

gesc$ie'en" separated

separate "n the sense of #leave# or #depart# sc$ei'en takes sein as a helping verb #5arl ist aus dem &ienst geschieden.#

sc$einen shine

 

sc$ien shone

sc$ei%en shit

 

sc$iss shit

sc$eten scold

 

sc$at scolded

sc$ie%en shoot

 

sc$oss shot

 

gesc$ienen shone

 

gesc$issen shit  

gesc$oten scolded

 

gesc$ossen shot

See the ablaut groups for learning the various patterns (a-u-a, e-a-o, etc.) of erman strong verbs.

sc$a!en sleep sc$agen hit

 

sc$ie!  slept

 

sc$#g hit

sc$eic$en sneak

 

sc$ei!en polish

 

 

gesc$a!en slept

 

gesc$agen hit

sc$ic$ sneaked

ist gesc$ic$en sneaked

sc$i!! " polished

 

gesc$i!!en" polished

"Although the strong form is preferred, sc$ei!te and $at gesc$ei!t (weak) are also used.

sc$ei%en slit

 

sc$i% slit

 

gesc$issen slit

sc$ie%en close, lock   sc$oss closed

 

gesc$ossen closed

sc$ingen gulp (down)   sc$ang gulped

 

gesc$#ngen gulped

sc$"ei%en fling, toss   sc$"iss flung sc$"e0en melt sc$nei'en cut

   

 

sc$"o0 melted sc$nitt cut

gesc$"issen flung  

 

gesc$nitten cut

sc$recken scare

 

sc$rak1sc$reckte scared

schreiben write

 

sc$rieb wrote

sc$reien scream

 

sc$rie screamed

sc$reiten step

 

sc$ritt stepped

gesc$"o0en melted

 

 

gesc$reckt1gesc$rocken scared gesc$rieben written

 

gesc$rien screamed ist gesc$ritten stepped

sc$+eigen be silent   sc$+ieg was silent

 

gesc$+iegen been silent

sc$+een" swell, rise   sc$+o swelled

ist gesc$+oen swollen

"'here are two forms of sc$+een (6) strong (above) for the sense of #to swell upfill with wind,# and (7) weak to #fill (something) up with windto swell (something) up.#

sc$+i""en swim

 

sc$+a"" swam

ist gesc$+o""en  swum

sc$+in'en  dwindle

 

sc$+an' dwindled

ist gesc$+#n'en  dwindled

sc$+ingen  swing

 

sc$+ang swung

sc$+ren swear

 

sc$+#r1sc$+or swore

 

gesc$+#ngen swung  

gesc$+oren sworn

Starke Verben - Strong Verbs - Se-2 INFINITIV

PRÄTERITUM (Preterite)

PERFEKT (Past Participe)

Se sehen see

sa$ saw

sein be

+ar was

 

gese$en seen ist ge+esen been

%or the con0ugation of sein in the present tense, see Lesson 4 of erman for Beginners.

sen'en" send, transmit

 

san'te sent

 

gesan't sent

"n the sense of #transmit# or #broadcast# onl! the weak forms sen'ete and $at gesen'et are used. 'he weak forms ma! also be used in the sense of #send.#

sie'en boil

 

sott1sie'ete boiled

singen  sing

 

sang sang

sinken  sink

 

sank sank

sit0en" sit

sa% sat

   

gesotten boiled ges#ngen sung ist ges#nken  sunk

 

gesessen sat

"&o not confuse sit0en (sit, strong) and (sic$) set0en (set, weak )3

 

sollen should, ought to

sote should

 

gesot" should

"*ith an infinitive, the past participle is soen #ch habe nicht gehen sollen.#

spaten split

 

spatete split

 

gespaten1gespatet split

speien spew

 

spie spewed

 

gespien spewed

spinnen spin

 

spann spun

 

gesponnen spun

sprechen speak

 

sprac$ spoke

sprie%en sprout

 

spross sprouted

springen 0ump

 

sprang 0umped

stec$en stab, sting

   

stehen stand

 

gesproc$en spoken  

gesprossen sprouted ist gespr#ngen  0umped

stac$ stung

 

gestoc$en stung

stan' stood

 

gestan'en" stood

"n some southern erman and Austrian dialects, ste$en takes sein as a helping verb #r ist im ingang gestanden.#

ste$en steal

 

sta$ stole

steigen climb

 

stieg climbed

ist gestiegen climbed

starb died

ist gestorben died

sterben die

 

 

gesto$en stolen

stieben fl! about

 

stinken stink

stob flew about

 

sto%en push, bump

 

streic$en strike, paint streiten argue

 

 

ist gestoben flown about

stank stank

 

gest#nken stunk

stie% pushed

 

gesto%en pushed

stric$ struck

 

gestric$en struck

stritt argued

 

gestritten argued

See the ablaut groups for learning the various patterns (a-u-a, e-a-o, etc.) of erman strong verbs.

T tragen carr!, wear

 

tre!!en meet

tr#g wore

 

 

tra!  met

treiben move, drive

 

getragen worn

 

trieb drove

getro!!en met  

getrieben" driven

"n the sense of #drift# or #float# treiben takes sein as a helping verb #&as is ist den %luss entlang getrieben.#

trie!en drip trinken drink

 

trie!te1tro!!  dripped  

trank drank

tr&gen be deceptive

 

 

 

getr#nken drunk

trog was deceptive tat did

tun do

getrie!t dripped

 

getrogen been deceptive

 

getan done

U &ber+in'en  overcome

 

&ber+an' overcame

 

&ber+#n'en overcome

V 3er'erben spoil

 

3er'arb spoiled

3er'rie%en anno!

 

3er'ross anno!ed

3ergessen forget

 

3erga% forgot

3erieren lose

 

3eror lost

3ersc$ei%en wear (out) 3er0ei$en forgive

 

 

3er'orben spoiled  

3er'rossen anno!ed

 

3ergessen forgotten

 

3eroren lost

  3ersc$iss wore (out)

 

3er0ie$ forgave

 

3ersc$issen worn (out) 3er0ie$en forgiven

4 +ac$sen " grow

 

+#c$s grew

ist ge+ac$sen grown

"n the sense of #to wa$# (skis, etc.), +ac$sen is weak (+ac$ste  and $at ge+ac$st ).

+asc$sen  wash +eben weave

   

+eic$en" !ield

+#sc$ washed

 

ge+asc$sen washed

+ob1+ebte wove  

 

+ic$ !ielded

ge+oben1ge+ebt woven ist ge+ic$en  !ielded

"n the sense of #to soften# (up), +eic$en is weak (+eic$te and $at ge+eic$t).

+eisen indicate +en'en turn

   

+ies indicated

 

+an'te" turned

ge+iesen indicated  

ge+an't" turned

"Also +en'ete and ge+en'et (car, ha!, etc.).

+erben recruit werden become

 

+arb recruited

 

+#r'e became

 

ge+orben recruited ist ge+or'en" become

"As a helping verb in the passive voice +or'en, as in #ch bin oft gefragt worden.# ( have often been asked.)

+er!en throw

 

+ar!  threw

+iegen weigh

 

+og1+iegte weighed

+in'en  twist

 

+an' twisted

 

ge+#n'en twisted

 

+#sste knew

 

ge+#sst known

wissen" know

 

ge+or!en thrown  

ge+ogen1ge+iegt weighed

"'he verb +issen  is a #mi$ed# verb, combining elements of strong and weak verbs. %or more see our Mixed Verbs page. - %or the complete con0ugation of +issen in all tenses, see wissen in our con0ugation tables.

wollen want to

 

+ote wanted to

 

ge+ot" wanted to

"*ith an infinitive, the past participle is +oen #ch habe nicht gehen wollen.#

+ringen wring

 

+rang wrung

 

ge+r#ngen wrung

 

0ie$ accused

 

ge0ie$en accused

2 0ei$en accuse 0ie$en pull 0+ingen compel

0og pulled  

0+ang compelled

 

ge0ogen pulled  

ge0+#ngen compelled