Theo Theodo dore re Span Spando doun unes es th or gi of th
C o s ta ta nt nt i o pl pl e T u k is is h
i n '4i3.
u l r s a n o f t he he i
i nf nf i e l a n
ttom ttoman an Empe Empero rors rs
of th
e n m en en a
a rl rl ie ie s w o k s
i s t o p ow ow er er . it
ho u 1890, t ho
i st st or or ic ic a
o m e nt nt a y . T hi hi s
full full text text with with
oo
le
i nd nd .
ln8,
whic whic
a s a rt rt l
w itit h u t
r es es e t s a n E n l is is h t ra ra ns ns la la titi o
pref prefac ace, e, comm commen enta tary ry an note notes; s;
ny
of th
disc discus ussi sion on of th sour source ce
Span Spando doun unes es migh migh have have cons consul ulte ted; d; an an asse assess ssme ment nt of th valu valu
an inte intere rest st of this this hith hither erto to negl neglec ecte te
an unde underv rval alue ue
trea treati tise se
Theo Th eodo dore re Span Spando doun unes es
th orig origin in
B AR AR - L A
UN
Otto Ottoma ma
ER
Empe Em pero rors rs
Tran Transl slat ated ed an edit edited ed by TH
M O SE SE S H O RN RN ST ST E M EM E M O RI RI A
L IB IB RA RA R Y
E ND ND OW O W M EN EN T B IB IB L
AN
UN
J EW EW IS IS H S TU TU D E S
T ra ra ns ns la la te te d
f ro ro m t h I ra ra lili al al llll ex ex l
Sathas, D o c u m e nt c. N. Sathas, nt s u~
IX(Paris, IX(Paris,
SpaM Spa Mllgn llgnz: z:w, w,
lmpera lmperatoa toa
o f 1 5) 5) 8 a s e d ilil e
i n id id i t r e la la ' ifif i 1890), 1890),PP. PP.
ci
'33-l6): TkodQfO
Parrina CoftStfMll.nopolitano
Ottom_a Ottom_a~i, ~i, Dr~ini d e f a corte, form form
loro, rtltgtoru,
ruo,
t,t
De fa ongin.t!
deli
de guerregiar«
costumi de fa muiane muiane
CAMBRIDGE UNIV UNIVER ERSI SITY TY
by
/'hiswir< /'hiswir< de ia Grict
PRES PRES
Theo Th eodo dore re Span Spando doun unes es
th orig origin in
B AR AR - L A
UN
Otto Ottoma ma
ER
Empe Em pero rors rs
Tran Transl slat ated ed an edit edited ed by TH
M O SE SE S H O RN RN ST ST E M EM E M O RI RI A
L IB IB RA RA R Y
E ND ND OW O W M EN EN T B IB IB L
AN
UN
J EW EW IS IS H S TU TU D E S
T ra ra ns ns la la te te d
f ro ro m t h I ra ra lili al al llll ex ex l
Sathas, D o c u m e nt c. N. Sathas, nt s u~
IX(Paris, IX(Paris,
SpaM Spa Mllgn llgnz: z:w, w,
lmpera lmperatoa toa
o f 1 5) 5) 8 a s e d ilil e
i n id id i t r e la la ' ifif i 1890), 1890),PP. PP.
ci
'33-l6): TkodQfO
Parrina CoftStfMll.nopolitano
Ottom_a Ottom_a~i, ~i, Dr~ini d e f a corte, form form
loro, rtltgtoru,
ruo,
t,t
De fa ongin.t!
deli
de guerregiar«
costumi de fa muiane muiane
CAMBRIDGE UNIV UNIVER ERSI SITY TY
by
/'hiswir< /'hiswir< de ia Grict
PRES PRES
ay
PUBLISHED
Th
TH
P itit t B ui ui ld ld in in g
S YN YN DI DI CA CA T
P RE S
T ru ru mp mp in in gt gt o
TH
S tr tr ee ee t
C AM AM B R I D G E
Th
Edin Edinbu burg rg
W es es I2 I2 0t 0t h
40 10
Buil Buildi ding ng
Stam Stamfo ford rd
NY[00"-4211,
b lili s
Y or or k
in En li
10
a m r id id g
e di di t
th prov provis isio ions ns
r es es s ' 99 99 7
the w riri tttt e
U ni ni ve ve rs rs ir ir y
S ub ub je je c
o f a n p aarr t m a
p eerr mi mi ss ss io io n
Type Typese se
II
U ni ni ve ve rs rs itit y
P re re ss ss .
P re re ss ss , C am am br br id id g
Map o f G r e c a n
th orig origin in of th
h e A eg eg ea ea n
xxvi XXVll
xxviii
ttom ttoman an Empe Empero rors rs
Dedication Notes an
\4/.) pt
catalogue recordfor recordfor t"is book: is available
t ab ab l e
agre agreem emen ents ts
t ak ak e p la la c w itit ho ho u
a t t h U n iv iv eerr si si r
in Four Fourni nier er
1 99 99 7
G e ne ne al al og og ic ic a
L iiss t o f a b b re re vi vi at at io io n
ex xcc ep ep titi o
lice licens nsin in
o f C am am br br id id g
i n t h U ni ni te te d K in in gd gd o
E m pe pe ro ro r
P re re s
1 0 st st at at ut ut or or y
of rele releva vant nt coll collec ecti tive ve
page vu
Introduction
n iv iv er er si si t
C am am br br id id g
n o r ep ep ro ro du du cctt io io n
P ri ri nt nt e
)3
Spandounes:0" t ltlt e o r i gi gi n o f . . O t to to m a
This b oo oo k i s i n c o op p yr yr ig ig ht ht .
Contents
USA
[890 [890), ), pp '33'33-.6 .61. 1.
English English translati translation on
and
Kingd Kingdom om
{'Airtoir
relatifi
IS
Unite Unite
3.6G, Australia
Melb Melbou ourn rn
f ro ro m t h I t l ia ia n t e
i n id id i
Kingdo Kingdo
R ES ES S
Ne
IX(Par IX(Paris is
Theodore
N l V BR BR S I T
C AM AM BR BR 1 C f: f: .
Unite Unite
IRP,
CB lRI!, lRI!,
S tr tr ee ee t
um e n t C . N . Sath Sath as, D o c um
i rs rs t
CB
Camb Cambri ridg dg
Road Road Oakl Oaklei eigh gh
r an an sl sl at at e
V Nr Nr VE R RS S IT IT Y
C am am br br id id g
commentary
Li/;rary
tltt B ru ru i
L i h ra ra r y o f C o n g re re s s c a t a lo lo g u in in g in p u 6 1 ic ic a lili o n d a t Spando Spandoug ugino inos, s,
Notes Notes and commen commentar tar
Theod Theodoro oros. s.
79
Cantacusino Gentil'homo Gentil'homo ( D ir ir c or or s o d i T e o do do r o S p a "d "d u g in in o Cantacusino "princip: Turchi English] Costanii Costaniinopo nopolna lnano no Dall' Dall' origins d. "princip:
Theodo Theodore re
Spando Spandoune unes. s. tran transl slat ated ed
On ,Itt orig origin in of
p. ' Tr Tr a s l t e
IX
(Paris,
r8gc), pp )8110
1 2 8 -[ -[ 41 41 3
aU
_Sathas, _Sathas,
Notes Notes and commen commentar tar
m.oyt:n. age.,
__.' an
inde index. x.
hardback
z.Tu ke Nicol Nicol
l.
D'48;. 56
ISBN0
' 33 33 -1 -1 6
refe refere renc nces es
Sulta Sultans, ns, Turke Turkey. y. 6.r'
C.
Grk~ l'Ai.stoiri!. de la Grk~
ISSN0)21
iso r
E mp mp er er or or s
em.
Incl Includ udes es bibl biblio iogr grap aphi hica ca
o~ '1!'Jt'~'t.3."
O tttt om om a
f ro ro m t h I t l ia ia n t ex ex t o f ' 13 13 8 a s e d t e
Documents inedits rdan'fi
u rk rk e
,A
edit edited ed by D on on aall d M . N ic ic o oll .
an
st ry Donald Donald
'997 9 66- -4 -4 7 6 1
)&1104
' 4 3 -1 -1 6 3 .
IV
CIP
hardback
Bibliography
Index
3G.S"=I
t)
WD
147
Introduction
rk
rk
ab
nd
st ry
he
ur
entitled Historia Universals deLl orzgine, guerre et imperi
de Turchi
1565 and 1654 . The
sc
or
Sp
nt
si
Gentil'homo Costantinopolitano Dall origine de 'princip Turchi divided
into thre parts. to b e
rs
se ed
he rs
au
nt
re or
ra
ee sp
i n w es te r
E ur op e
eo
do
ud
ro od
ek
of
en
ro
ec
to boast
ch ha
ot
rb
sn a.
VI
descent
ri ce
ew
rk
Introduction
Introduction
sp ci s om e t hi ng s t o a dm ir e
T ur ki s
c ul tu re . Y et , a s
gi nc
or
ni
eb rs
s ec on d- ge ne ra ti o h e m os t p ro ba bl y w a b or n H i m ot he r
E ud ok ia , w a
C an ta cu ze ne ,
to
an
ha
re
ed
he
ea S pa nd ug n n o. !
M at th e
i s s a i t o h av e d is t n gu is he d
h im se l a s o n o f stradioti.
pe
nt us
nt
i n 1 45 3 h e O t o ma n c on qu es t bo a)
14
of
on
o f S rn ed er ev o
ad
1) 1,
he or
ot
ay ab
a th e
ar
pl
bu
1 45 9 o f N eg ro po nt e
ho
15
he
4wi
I) n te r a t Christia
cr sa power
ai st
nf
to s i
ob er
rr
he
qu bl
co bo at
in partibus infideliurn
ca se rt of
do
so
ny of
ow
za
ne
a tr i
un
ec
rl
sl nd
ho
of
so
en he
of
i n 1 44 6 b y o n
nd
do
uz no
C on st an ti n
he
es
do es
or
an
af
ee ro
ds
he
C an ta cu ze ne . an
ok
ze
ad at ea
hr
nc r5
(1 22 3) a cc us e
o we d H ad ri an , n o w i h ou t
sm
pr
an un
u st ic e o f a il in g to suppor
th Knight
StJo
SOn
p .n do un e ' eg re gi u
am
family.
hi
r e c e s or s
ad Ve ce ho
viii
yi
to
r,
th
Spandounes nd ne
asth
v i M at th ae u
Sathas, D oc um en t
ns
;bu
i ni di t
r an df ar he r S pa nd on in us ' r da ti ft "
ofhi
o th e
( 'm i
by
i s a t te st e
of
14)4,
S pa nd ou ne s
a te rn o' )
He
am
e d S at ha s p p x l- xl i
IX
if ofth
J un e ' 47 \
I 'h is w, ', . d e l a G re c a l m o y. " a g e rx (Paris
D . M . N ic ol , ThoBytamine Family ofXantdour'M,' DC, 96~),no. 10', pp. '30-J. D oc um en t
av
e ne t a n d oc um en t
d , C. N.
1890), p. xxxviii;
(Canl~U{enu.r ca 1100-1460(Washington,
N ic ol ,
BRan"", Family, p. 231.
Introduction
Introduction
re ri
an
es
en
to
disentangl
th
rs business
rc he
ad se
oo
re
st
es
en
rt
as
er
st
s,
co ri
ri
di
rs
re
ri
ad
an
rt
s,
cr stradioti, heroically
s er vi n to th
e ni c
an hi Gree
a th e l an d
ar ar
a ga in s
h e T ur ks .
Sultan
mother."
liked to
It
an
si
as knowledge
ri
he
sh
at
s.
It
to
er
C hr is ti a
E ur op e
s ho u
no su er th sa
a te . T he r
s , h o e ve r
to
ss
I4
h im se l
W ha t i n u en c
o r w ea lt h h e e nj oy e
d er iv e
or
p ro ba b
to have
v is it e
C on s a n n op l
1 50 3 a ft e p ea ce , o r a t l ea s
ar rs
t ru ce , h a b ee n re
O n M ar ia -M ar a
D . M . N i co l
Th By{a.nti". Lad
(Cambridge
'994), pp. 110-19.
st xe
rs rt
e. ch
to
as
es ra
xi
it
Introduction
Introduction
s pe r
en
as
He st g re e
a n s el f s h e ss . D is as te r u po n d is as te r c ou l
b e a t r ib u e d t o t h
sl za
h es sa lo ni ca .
I t s ee m
n co ng ru ou s
St
b ec au s
ri
b la ta n l y I ta li a
st c la ss ic a G re e
st
so
e t e ri n
t h f or m o f a mb i
e tr e Iti s s tr an g
ha
rg ri
sh
o f h e h u a ni s
s ch o a r J an u
B yz an t n e a nc es tr y
It as
a sc ar i
r ie nd sh i
w ho , i k h i s e
t ha t c os t h i
d ea r f o
c la im e
st
es
a sc ar i er
or ed
D ec e b e
1 )0 8 S pa nd ou ne s
as
s us pe ct e
as
r an co ph i e , to
re h e D og e P ie tr o M oc en ig o in
I)
16 actively pressing hi clai
to possession of th castle ofBeigrado
ed Venetian
s.
re
an
ha appropriated," considerable.
al
with Thessalonica
Nicol, BY1aru;ru Fa.mily, p. '12. A OU K 'A-yLOlJ C h B ou rn s To E"lfLnJf'.f3w T o I'ltt:x\l80VvT) TO j3cx.:nAuci,} 8'11.l '1 ptOlJ 'KTTET11Pl~ rl)<; E l EC T ( TC l . A Ol > tK " ~ · E 1T U J" ' nl l .l o V lK t ] llOAVTEXVCKi')<; S pa nd ou ne s Spandounes,
IxoAi')<;.
e d S et h a s , p . " vi ii . ed. Sathas, p.
S pa nd ou ne s
xii
c d S at ha s
p p x xi =i i
VI (Thessaloniki,
an ou es
ed
a th a
1973), pp. 1-{)3.
16z. M oc en ig o d ie d i n 1476.
xiii
introduction
Introduction
q82 to
cc nt
elen 's tr gi de th in
),
ic
ec rded in
th
Thessalonica, ezid II to
wealth
co
Sult
an influentia
nsta ti pl
citize
of Turkis
in 14 1. It is tran
Thessalonica
ezev in
Severa othe
It
etw ee th an sixt enth ri in
ac to
scribing
entu ies, al ofwh
za tine
im lf
co ld
acedonia unde th protection
ub trac th ir
nsta tino le
od re
on tantin polita us'.
So
ot lo ho
er
in er
1)70S
1488
th rime.! rg
Pa aiolog
he se vice to
ntac ze nsta ti
ec
irst isti
alai logo
th la
is
po
za ti
ror.
hi self in
th Pelo nn se eo ge
as
histor
ri
ivin
it
died
1490.
ri ia th ou iste
in
th rine
Cill
ce nia.
recall
pa do es
ul
en sh at
th ri 's
sc olar
Gallipoli. 14 lkan fi
th
au ht rs
ad slas 2)6.
M.!.m.d
th Conoueror and!.i
Tim (Princeton
1i\<;®E(J"(J"O:AOlJtK'I]~(Thessaloniki,
1][6
if'! S pa nd ou ne s
nos, 26448, .648 J. 5 p n d n es , d _ 5 . t h a
Family, no. 67-
ed pp
pp
v -v i
B ou ra s
3 -- -9 - 0
Th od re la is av
re t- an fath
ke ofSt Sa a, ah
'I()"TopLC<
to
>(").
11
provided
he do
To
G eo rg e
laim
nn ctio
rg
ha he
1454.
arri he
ltan
Bourns, To €1TCTUI-'- I3"0,p _ ,~; F. Babinger,
N] 1978), p_406; A. E. Vakalopoulos
'98,), p.
om
!E-TIl.WjJ.oJ]W, pp_
P a a io lo go s
14-;!.1;
to IjSI)
PLP, r , n o
C ar ua cu ze ne :
N i c ol ,
~68;
q89.
Theodore
are
xi,
On"";;""
14
p an do un es ,
d . S a h as , p .
Spandounes,
ed, Saihas pp
160.
j8,
O n C at he ri n rOl.
o f C il ly : N ic ol , Bytamme
Family, n o 9 4
Introduction
Introduction
ec
ap
am
1)1).
c ha ra c e rs , w er e p ub li sh e s cr ip t yo
he
Busac's
19)2.18
so
re
It
at ca
( Co de x V at ic an u
ai
L at in u
12127,
fols 34 -)3),
sl s, Im ra
ri
re
to
Beylerbey of a.
(o
ss
r-
to
si what amount
od
ra
er
rk
to
ge
h e a m l ie s o f P a1 a o lo go s a n
C an ta cu ze n
nt
Beylerhey
Bayezid II
e xt ra or d n ar i
a cc ur a
ee
in
rm
ci
a n c a s er v to correct, contro or amplif
ed a vo ur it e o f h e
ul an
e hm e
eo c on ce rn e
documents
it
Th
es
t h g en ea lo g
relating
se
families.
II.17
of th
t s s ou rc e
a m l y o f C an ta cu ze ne , to which
am
to
ex an
ug 1519
re
cy
ru
ac H ug ue s B us se , ' In fo rm ar io n F lo ry , f i l e
P a a io lo go s
a n a cu ze n
ho
S pa nd ou ne s
c la im e
a s h i m o h er '
P . L em er l
an
l 'i ll us rr e Vc L au re nt ,
XIV"-XV' 'ii,cles', R ev u
s u l a I r e i ll us tr e l ig ne e d e C an ra eu ze ne s Co te
' L V au ca nu s
L at in u
d e ' tu de s 6 yt "" ,i n e s ,
4 78 9 h is to ir e o r a ll ia nc e ('9P),
w or k i s r ec or de d
Severoii Commentarius
p an d u n s , . . S pa nd ou ne s
e d S at h s , p . 162,170. " d S ar ha s p p ,61,
n a o fS t S a a :
i co l
BYra"""
Family
164, 176.
XVI
no 89
p. CI: ' An ge lu s
to
in Breslau,
d e S an cr o S ev er in o . gr i P ic en i s cr ip tu r
Mr Lindsay
L.B ro o
],a/iana,
Concilii Tridmuni Diarioru
Angeli Memo«!!i Dian'a, I-tV (Freihur
M as sa re ll u
am deeply indebted
i n S _ M er kl e
f o l en di n
xvii
d e C an ra cu ze ne s
au
64-'0 1
Enaclopedia
g en ea lo gi ca l
d e C ar ol a C an ra cu ze n
Jafa
d iv er s
m e p ho to gr ap h
XX!!,
P:
'3
is
par prima: Herculis '90'),
Prolegomena"
v is u l ec ru qu e d ig ne . o f t h m an us cr ip t
Introduction
Introduction
is
18
nt rtaining
presente to friend calle Constantin
Spandouyn Cantacastn (Paris, 1896). This, wit allits deficiencies wa
i n 1535 an
fo long th only publishe versio of th text fe year late Spandounes prepared pres nted to op Le be
it
copy to
revise version. This he iovann
th privat secretar of op Clemen
iberti
in l,
ne xt ac from th fina edaction of hi tr atis he
nd papa legate to
publishe
cont ibutio
nu be of note an
to this cu ious co pilation
in 1873
Venice in 1)31 as Bishop of Verona Hi fina version, made in I53
inidites oupe
he presente to Henr of Valois Dauphi
m em or i
of France late to become
ho co pile
annals abou his ow family an ancestor inEpiros an Albania. Th text of pandounes'
ho ha
Musach whom he seemed to
de
as
Chroniques grico-romanes
connues (Berlin, 1873), pp. 315-35, unde th title Breve
discendenti de nostra casa Musachi
(I)47-59)'
translatio Orparaphras isbased It isnot Italia
litera translation, fo th
text is frequently repetitive an unnecessaril
verbose; an
Th source from whic Spandounes derive hi informatio ar hard todetermine It isevident that he ha accessto many oral an perhap
some of th passages of it have been only summarised or condensed.
docu
It as firs publishe in printe
record of certai events Th writte narrativ source whic he ma
form at Lucc in 1)50 an then with
numerous inaccuracies at Florence in fo
it
ll it defects,
hich
l)p;
an it
ir
is
hi to
have used ho ev r, ar elusiv
as this printe
as ep oduced by Sansovin in
16)4.20
nt ry ac ount of amil
akes
nd ve
to
uc of hi
e- itness elianc on
what he call th 'annal di Turchi'. Bu ther isno clea evidence that hehad read an of th work of th Turkis annalist an chronicler
he
schola and statesman Consta tine Sarhas in 1890, inthe ninth volume Greece inthe middle ages an this isthe text whic me." Satha furnishe hi editio with
have ha before pandoune th benefi of th doub on this
long Prefac in French bu with
no commentary or note on th bare text Itispartl to fillthis ga that an
Th sa
ia
do te
centur whos writings should have been availabl to him.
otable
amon thes is Laonikos Chalkokondyles ofte called th last of th
ud stematic hi to ia
atte
th
an of hi fa tual erro
ca be de on
Byzantin historians whos record of events span th year from 1298
to
1463,
it
nu erou
digression
an
ac ount of ffai
betwee th year 1484 and 1487. Chalkokondyles, lik Spandounes, ee
i c l , Bytanlw Family
C. N . S at ha s
MVTlf1.Etn
G ri c a u m '! Ye n a ge , r x ( Pa ri s
S at ha s i s f r o v ar i
m an us cr ip t
a nu sc ri pt s
' 98 0) ,
i n P ar i
c on ta i i n
C hr is t a nn e V il la in -C an do ss i
pp xvi-xvii.
'E1I.A'I1vCKf)<;
th 'L
pp
'[(TTOptno;.
iii-l (Preface)
( Bi hl io th eq u s ur vi vi n c ro na c
della civil" i'a/iana, 2-4, almO XX!TI(Rome, Mdi,,"ani.
Documents
auxXi'-XVfr Judes (Collected
pp
N at io na le , r ed ac ti on s
of
i ra li an a d i T eo do r
inidits re/a'ijs"
113-261 ( te xt )
p an d u ne s' s
xvui
Turk than on
t ex t e di te d by g iv e
by
1/ Veltro Rivista
in C. Villain-Gandossi,
'983), no. Ill).
laidhis emphasis more on th progress of th Ottoma
f ul l l is t o f t h
t re at i
S pa nd ug in o' ,
1979), ',1--'71 (reprinted Studies: London
Th
f on d i ra li en , 8 81 )
l't.islOire d. /a
La
l1 S pa nd ou ne s
e d S at ha s
schreibe de Osmone
pp
,}8,
2(,0-1 ( 'a nn al i
und ih.r WerJ:~ (Leipzig
di
r ch i' )
Se
1927); A. Bombaci,
(Milan, 19,6).
xix
B ab in g r ,
Die Geschicias-
Storia dell
Ieueratura turc
Introduction
Introduction
o t o mp le t c an no t t he re fo r d ir e
e fe r c e
ha
nd
na ur
nd ne
or at least misleading.t' he
re
as ot
an
h is t r i
s ta n
pl
53a
rs
Histories o f
ri
on of
pp re ou os
Im os
64
ug
14 -- 7)
an
Sp do
II
ho
d i a te d bo
gh
re
t.. at as
op
or
gg ar
o f S pa nd ou ne s
e st if ie s
a n o n n ee d n o a cc ep t t h p at ro n s in g
t ur ne d o u es o.
to
t hi n
o f a ny th in g s i l ie r
h os e y ea rs .Z 8 O n
am
ri
an
s ta n
ut
h e e ar l e s
Sa
gu
d in o a n
r ee k
ad
ed
an un
ns
h is t r y
ha
o fI ta l
rl st
an vi o'
ab ng
s; an
an ch
at
h e e ar l e r v er si o
a n p op ul ar it y
v en a h um an is t
kn
to
1at
S pa nd ou ne s. f
by ny
to t he i r an g
an cr
st
o f s uc h r ea t s es , i nc lu di n
History
nt
h av e b ee n a va i a b
ha
of
he sa
nd
at
ap ur
rk
ea -a nt gettin
24
back
gr on
to
as
n te r r e
un
Memoirs
s cr ip t e ar li e t ha n h e s ix te en t 1 79 6 T h rr
re
ry an
c en tu r
ro
ul
a n n o p ri nt e
en
be or
(1373-1512
rk sh
av
e di ti o
Sp do es
wa
Pi co
rk en
Turchorum; or
r es e
ay
Voyages
ed
re
2}
S pa nd ou ne s
pr se
an
e d S ar ha s
P:
co
2(,'.
2;
e di t o n
su
pe re
Histoncal
F ul le r d et ai l
Society
h e Ann"li o f S an so vi n
r on i l e
l ar ge l
b as e
he
2?
Babinger, (Verona,
( t 1 73 )
xx
st pr
1.2 Angiolello ofVicenz
I)J
er
ou s,
Babinger
rs
0 0 to 1 51 4 I t
no
ed
wrot n c u de d
a n o th e
P er t s i
'I pr
G re e
s ou rc e
s tu d i n
a r l is te d i n t h B ib li og ra ph y
c ci de nr e
s ul l' o i g n e
l a p ot e z a
s ec ti o
LA
e ; T ur ch i' ,
S,,,di
Ve"'rani, 28 Babinger,
he
o f t he s
S e e sp ec i l l
H i s to r i c» i C o n f ir e n c ( T he s s a Jo n ik i , 1 9 < )4 ) ,pp. ' 3 1 - 4 2 . ha
Sp
en
r , whic
rc ru
ec
E'IT"8pci"J"H~ ' ! " W I > "A'lToi)"i.l;wu Io-ropucv"
ho
st
sa
re or
(JTO ~P'Yov TOU @. ~71O:v:r
S pa nd ou ne s e d S ar ha s p p xvii-xviii, Elizabet Zachariado (see CAron. Turc.) h a an
rk en
N. Niccloudis,
TOUACi.OVLKOUXCiAKOKOVSUAT]
1 4 < hP a n h .l l ." i c
ve
Historia turchesca
an cr
37
et
no
ed so-called
d:
('970) 4j6-jp. Mthmed, p. 198. Mehm
1976), II
p.
J.
O n S ag un d n o
pp. 1 . < > - - - 7 ; Pertusi,
P er tu s
'1 prirni srudi'
xxi
471.
L a C od ut a d i C os ta ru in op ot i
vols.
Introduction
Introduction
(1 -7 eh ed
st
d ea t
i n 1 48 1 h
In
s ca pe d h o
V ic en z
a te r h o e ve r
14
Memoirs
sh either.v
(c
ra
ry II
to
rt r el ia nc e o n
u rk is h s o r ce s
a ke s
a ss in g r em ar k a bo u
er an
st he
a s p ub l s he d
Ro
be or
53
Th
ri
only Italia
chronicler
of Ostrovica.
rl ri
c e e br a e d
to Constantin
th
l ba n a n l e d e
e or g
a st r o te s S ka n e r e g
hi
as
u rt o f
o n d ip lo ma t
at he
o rv in us '
i ss io n
s uc c s s r ,
h od e
(1~02),
a d s la s I I w h s e to
e ni c
( 1) 04 )
hi S pa in ,
1513. In 15
k ne w h e
rs
h es e
u b i c t io n
h re e o t e r c hr o i c e r
no bo h)
of is ti
h os e
Histon
r i i ng s c o l d a v b ee n
turcic
15
work entitled h ic h
[orisque habitata libellus,
as ub is ed
15
33
43 sy II
i bi o r a y ,
JO
t ra n l ai o Persi 11
in
c ti o i oe ll c' s
,I.. Fift«n/1
Se Bibliography
nd cc
i oe ll o of
Cennaies, t ra ns . C ha rl e I.B, unde Giovio an Barletius.
and Sixteent
sectio
rt si
as an isgi
xxii
'] in
r ir n
ru i'
480-2.
An Englis
Narrative of l,,,lian
G re y ( Lo nd on ,
Travels in
1 87 3) , p p 7 3- '3 8
i bl i r a h y s e t io n 0, Sp ndounes, ed Sathas, p. 26!. S e B ib li og ra ph y
s ec ti o
er
1 .0 , u nd e
n st a t i
of
tr vi a,
F el ix . P cr tu si , ' I p ri m s ru di '
xxiii
rt si
9-9
'I ri
ru i'
82-4,
Introduction
Introduction
1479
Tractatus
se
ns
s to r
he er
hi
rk
ap
se
to
1539, s t r io g a p ul ri ai st
s te m he
om he as
ha
no oo
wealth of information.
al
su
vi en
ac re
i s a ls o e vi de n
ns
vi es
t ha t t h s ev er a
r is t
1550 and 1551, m en d n g s om e o f t he i c ha ra ct er is ti c
an
1 )6 9
c us to ma .
b y h e o r g in s o f t he s
c en ru ry . O rd in ar y r ea de r
o ri en ta l
wh
1)20
w er e f as c n a e d
an
ne
e f o rt s an
t ra ns li te ra t
er
re
w er e s o d ef ia n l y a n i -C hr is ti a
T ur ki s
co
w or d
ow
a n t it le s p ro du c
s om e s tr an g
o cc as io na ll y b a l in g r es ul ts . H i n ea r c on te mp or ar y
A ng io le l it worth-
h il e w he r
a pp l c ab le , t o n o
st
1523. he
s er v r ec ei ve d r o
at sm
h i r en de ri ng s o f e qu iv al en t T ur ki s
h i w or k o n
m or e s op h s ti ca te d ro
to b e
J.I
- or g
r in g
o de r
h is to ri an s
i nc om pl et e o r i mp er fe c
ro
ue
en
Se Bibliography sectio I.D, unde Ceorge of Hungary. R. Schwoebel, T Ir . S !w .d o o f 1 M CUSC
xxiv
es
r is t n -
he as hi
rt
h o h av e u dg e
v er si on s. "
Franz Babinger, e.g., describe Spandoune asbein 'none 100 trustworthy' 'not always reliable an 'often give ro exaggeration'. Thes ar fair comments bu it seem that Babinger ha c on su lt e o nl y t h F re nc h v er si o o f t h f ir s d ra f o f t h t ex t p ro du ce d i n 19. Babinger, M.J.m.d, pp. 384 4", 431 458 Anothe mode scholar, however, wh likewise knew onl the French translation of 1519and th imperfect Florence edition of III', believed tha Spandounes p ro du ce d ' on e o f t h b es t o f t h e ar li es t a cc ou nt s o f O tt om a h is to ry ' R . B . M . M er ri ma n Suieiman the Magnifiwu, !52G-156o(Cambridge, Mass. 19«), p. 30, andRobert Schwoebel, in hi remarkable boo on the Renaissanc imag of theTurk rated the treatise ofSpandounes still mor high for'; ts reliability, ob ecriviry and comprehcnsiveness aIthough he toojudged it only from the French translation. Schwoebel, T M S ka dQ W o f" " C re sc en t P: 20<). Chrisriann VillainG an do ss i m or e r ec en t a ut ho ri t o n t h t ex t o f S pa nd ou ne s a n i t w or t a mo n t h f ir s western accounts ofthe Ottomans, concludes tha itsauthor 'rate aspecialposition of honou for th objectivit of hi accoun an hi profound knowledg of Turkey'. Villain-Gandossi 'L cronaca italian di Tecdoro Spandugino', 1)2.
h a Spandounes s to r
sc en et
words. ry
59
and 1591; Charles
w es te rn er s i n t h s ix te en t
r ed ac t o n
XXv
Abbreviations
Genealogica table
T h eo d or e
P a la io l og o s
K.
(d. 1410) Eirene K.
(d. 1457)
G e or g e B ra nk ov i o f Serbia Catherine
(d. 1490)
G e o rg e
Helena K. (d 1463
P a l ai o lo g o
(d. 1459)
K.
.,Na
D av i Trebizond
CFHB
Corpu Fontium Histonae Bnantinae
C h ro n , b r ev .
Chronica Byzantin
Chron. Turc.
Chronicl of th Turkis
CSHB
Corpu Scriptorum Histonae Byzantina
DR
F . D o l g er , Regestender Kaisernrkunden de ostromischen
breviora
Reiches Maria-Mara
Theodore Helena (?
(d. 1487)
Ul ch
Mu
ofeilly
Sultan
A nn a K .
ZoeK
L a d is l a o f B o sn i
J am e II ofF!ory
Ef
Encyclopaedi
of Isla
Nicol,LCB 1261-1453
E u do ki a " ' M a tt he w
Elizabeth Ma C or v u s o f
(d. c.
PLP
S p an do un e
Prosopographische Lexiko
c. 1511)
Hungary THEODORE SPANDOVNES (d.. after 1538)
K . " ' K a nr ak o uz en os ,
Sultan
K.
Alexander
Na M i ch ae l Trevisan
C an ra c uz en e
xxvi
xxvii
der Palaiologenzei
Ma of Greece an
t h A eg ea n
xxviii
acopo Gastaldi,
C.
1575
XX1X
Ottoman Emperors
Dedication
13
Theodore Spandugnino Cantacusino, patrician of Constantinople. Most serene prince an my lord Al authors, ancien an modern Gree as well asLatin strive to trea ofmatters whic ar delightful novel, beneficial an readable by everyone This my presen work however, ma
caus th reader
to
inflicte on my ow illustrious an excellent fatherland Yet, bearin re
fi
Majest woul peruse an digest this treatise trouble
to
purpos quit
re or it Th la time that
have gladly take th
en to Constantinople my
as to meet ag in my de rest brother, whil in thos parts, endeavouring
to
lexander
retrieve some of ou
ay zi at th time of hi wa with th Venetian Senate It misfortune
to
discover that mybrother wa
ea an that ou
i ni q t o nd mo rnin
spen
as my oods ie
though
to
alleviat my misery an tran cend my
obsessio with th sa fate whic ha deprived me of al my worldl goods. made myself investigat with al studiousness an care everythin that coul lear abou th origin an th deed ofthe hous of th Ottomans to se ho an grandeur
such people ha ascended
felt qualifie by th facttha
to
suc height
ha long experience of
th countr an that wa ableto consul tw ofthe nobility wh were im
rm
Em
rk
Theodore
On th origin of th Ottoma
Spandounes ra
s;
en
ri
re an
ra
ou
rc
to
ev
he
on
II w ho , f o
ss
al as
Emperors Dedication
st
ri
ck
er ri
power in
ce nd
r,
be
st
st
st
ry
ro
s ac re d p ro po sa l
ar pu nt
e f e ct .
King Francis ('Francesco')'z sa s.
al
ed
se
om
cc
ve
e,
i l f in d a it h u ll y r ec or de d a l t ha t h a o cc ur re d u p t o h e p re se n y ea r 1)38,
'A E mp er o
S u e i a n h a a cq u r e
e lg ra d
a n R ho de s a nd , i k
e li m it written
study
to
to
'37
H ig hn es s m an y h ap p ad o f h e T ur ks . S ul e m a
P er s a , t ak e
re
S in c t ha t d ed ic a i on , h ow ev er , t h r e g ni n
h a e xt en de d h i e mp ir e s t l l u r h er . T h B ag hd a
( , a gd e ' )
y ea rs .
E mp er o
u n o rt un at e
a n o th e p la ce s a n h a
o ui s
u l i pl ie d
to
Note an commentary to pp. 4-5
be
ac or of
outs anding an trodde
nd
ee
successful bu is no
than an other. It
Note an commentary to p.
hi
more miserabl an
op
he op
th Christia princes will invit the same 'Sophi'
to
affair an send it to your Highness an
og
down er
shal append
ou will be th firs amon
prince to read it,
th swor agains thes people an yo will find that th rule of th Persians at present called 'Sophi' commands an army that conform in ev
pe
nd ds
ng qu
om ho
ha
you Highnes will accept the sincere best wishe of onewho hasyour welfare constantl in his mind.
Notes and commentar
en el es indebted fo informatio included Sina (Ahmed Pash Herzegoglou, th b ro t e r a d i s a s D uk e ( He rz og ) o f o sn ia . e e b e lo w e x p . 160 170 claime tobe relate throug hi grandmother. Se below, textpp. 164, 176; an above, Introduction p. xviii. am ed iI3 to Ij21; r an ci s I , i n France fro Ii';to 1)47 ' So p i ' i s I sm a a fa vi , h a o f P er si a ( se e b el o n . 7 ) ' An na do u a ' er mean no Anatolia whic Spandounes regularl call 'Natalia', bu Cilici ap fr 1)14-1). See below, text P: 181. Angiolello, Historia turchesca e d Ur ( Bu c a re st , 1909), P: In name th countr betwee Kayser an Syri as 'Anadular' G io va nn i ( Ma tt eo ) G i e r a s B is h o f V e ro n f ro m 5 24 t o 5 4 . H e a s s en t V en ic e a s l e a t o f o p le en I I ( 15 23 - 4 ) K . e rt o The o l ( Ph il ad el ph ia , 1 9 6 -8 4) , I ll , p p 2 23 , 2 2] , Papacy an th Levant 35
b at tl e o f
o ha c i n )26. Se below, text pp
189-<)0.
E mp er o h ar le s text p. 201.
a n F ra nc i
F ra nc e a t N ic e
co-operat in th
holy piou an glorious campaign agains th Turks.
Christia
as
n. pnnted
12 7a es ed Sathas pp InSpandounes
)2
Ju
15
ow
S e b e o w t ex t p p 6 0 a n a' rs 2)2--61. Se below, text part III.
avin to
it th utmost diligenc an
ar se rche
ns
ha
ph
ta
ha
lt
of variou plac
ie of
la
an of
la dd
as
os valian
ng
Comgnino')
e, bein
is
en an amon them my favourite?
il ng
do ba
ve
th
on of th de
gu ca
or ard,
nt da
an of peasan
such lowl estate that none ofthe Turkis name bu
grea favourit
uc distressed turned to hi knight
alread killed so many of my ou
an on
ee knight wh vanquished al
defeated an killed wa on most courageous man, of th said ladin,
th
great wa with th Empero of
Constantinople Alexio Komnenos ('Alessi
shepherd race of
district lyin
to
ofOttoman This lord Aladin fought
No
qo
onya ,Cogno ),
ta
of hi wa rior
nd
ne
gn
as lo
th historians
tock an of
writer give hi
an othe
azzo the fooL He in grea excitement exclaimed: 'M lord
il take evenge on this Ch istian or hi lo
l ad i
'How strang it i s t h
ur
to hi ny
urde of
an brav
le io
d: on bu
rustic idio prepared to go to hi deat to wrea my vengeance. Th peasan said Le
doit, my lord or care little ho
many
enhe
[)8
Theodore
permission
presente
he
Spandounes
himsel fo battle an in single combat worste
to
thei fa il
na
to
t to m
p er o s :
of th Turks. ,Mah
sc nd nt
g i o It h
th
ttoman ')
ul
surely ne er
av
ad eo le
elieve
ns
Tartaria
Ottomanzich
to live.
wa hi wish that they should shar everything
(,
igno). he or
it
is lu er
um
he
as ai that
rrou di
illa es
on
them on
un
adin
th
ring he
er
tw
oine
by
is orse nd iv it to th wester
fr
th
er
co rage
ight
lord ('Ponentino').
ch
'Dirnbos',
ug te presage. brin
th
to is rese ce asa
rong er
ca se
viol te
no
ad no
nd
is
lu tary
bmis io
hi
di
tw en
em nd th lo
le hi
ep th
le chil re
th om os
st te
cc ssor
from Isaac. Ye others Christia
is ri
ginnin ns qu nc
ea he
to et er
ofwhom an
descende
rk sh
es nt itto
arriag
ho
av
ho se of he of he is or
am
ha sp ak ater writers, have no clarifie
elated sa
to
nd illage
at it as de ce de
ni
an disu it
et
en
he Gre
ti
70
anissaries [4
10
11
Theodore re
ri
Spandounes
th
r ig i o f h e
t to ma n
re
m pe ro rs :
re
ill o f e ac h o th er .
h e P a r ia rc h
by the hous re
of Lascar is In th sixty-five year during whic
Constantinople
st Jo
so
Th
last Empero
si rr
to
he
w a f or th co mi n
ou
hi se fi
a n e xp er ie nc e
d ee p d es pa i
-m
he sa
ca ta
ci
re rt
re
in
ar ad
s ai le d
r a h e t ha n a n i nf an t b o o f v e y ea r o ld ; a nd ,
ra
t o l a s ie g t o C on s a n i n p le ,
h er e t he y s ta ye d f o
ry
.Fo
aye
ra so si
l as t o f h e
b ro u h t
he
re
it. The
w a c al le d ' Mu rz u o lo '
ar ad
b es ie g
[A ex os
o ur tz ou ph lo s
a n c ap t r e C on s a n i no pl e
12
ho
h e c it y
st
13
Theodore
Beatitud
Spandounes
On th origin oftk
Ottoma
Emperors
ep
of th Holy Church.p
itho
au e.
it of hi officers cane Alexio Strategopoulos
('G iovanni
Straticopolo")
25,000
Ch isti
[w ll leav ];
il disc ve
go e,
il
th
elig ts
erru
an pill
nd
ou th
it
ev ryth ng
nsta tino le
oble
il fl ck
or et
ei
il
ro
ti
nd ll
ir .'
th
li ar
ov
it
prowess;
to
ro
ving uttere
th se
to
lls.
om th
is
th
re
thro gh
ho ld tation themselves
he
ores id hole
th
ates
th
am
th en
urac an
he hird
re es
th
ou th
sa
th
tt
o.
ch
no
re
to
de en in Hames,
them lves
to
reat fo
so
thin
pr
otio
th po
em to esis it si gly, ne ou
an
or bl
th
ristians
he soon de ided so
thin
hich th
lo ri tian
to
called Theodore "Tornichio', wh listened
14
to th
heir faith. One
ay they
news of th recovery
15
se
le
og ther
to elect
Theodore
Spandounes
O n t h o ri gi n o f t h O tt om a
er so
ei
rs
he
su
ro
ul
ve
am
st
em
rs
an
at
at
ar ar
c'
E mp er or s
an
ar
er
re
rc
ef ce
ag
hi
os
ns ex
e, It
sp nd
ss
y,
d ir ec te d
h ei r m in d
rt
em el es to defy subjection
it
ro
to
to
}a er
rc a.
rc
t ha t h i e xc el le nc e c o p ar e ch
re su
ct
ec st
ha
V en et ia n
an th
ro in
ha
no ee
ch
s uc ce ed e
a s E mp er o
et
he
16
ro er o r h e r ei gn e
r is t st ri s,
eg fo
s o o f' An dr on ic o
as ks
b y h i s o A nd ro n k o
he
om
su
ry of
re ha
as aw
s ma n ( ' rr
this day.1
to
to
pe
to
ce
a t y on s ( 'L eo ne '
en s.
ed
de es ed
al
o f N ap le s to
to France to h e C ou nc i
di
ou
nd
on pe
su
w it h t ha t o f O tt om an o. '
on an al
ha ng
al
f ty -s i
hi
ri
ow ve
or un
ke
rh
y ea rs .11
P a e o o go '
c on sp ir e
a ga in s h i f a h e a n
h e p lo t
al
[II} ( , n dr on ic o' )
ho
culprits
17
Theodore
Spandounes
h e o ri g
ri
Nob
re
O tt o a n
m pe ro rs :
re C on s a nt in op le ,
so
o ft A
d iv id e
a mo n
he to ns an
c as tl es ;
l ar g n um be r
.12
re
ri ru
rn
IS
This deport
as
to
n e g hb ou ri n a f a ir s a n
h ri s i a
p ri nc es , w h c h r es u t e
h e o ta l r ui n o f
r ee c
in
a n a l o f C hr is te nd o
t ho ug h h e d ie d b e o r
o ng .
ai
[4
to
('
),
He ('Emanuel'
re
[?]),
of
re
ea
;0,000
rm
60,000
casualties on either side were incalculable
su p ro vi de d
s en d n g h i s o
u ra d ( 'A mu ra t
e;
wi
rt 12,000
[P rk
rm
el
ro re
rb
f ur th e -i
so -i
h i c au se , g av e
an es
C an ta c z en e t he n r e g ne d a s h e E mp er o s,
J oh n [ VI ] ar
Jo
s is te rs - n - a w
as
if
60,000
o ns ta n i n p l -i
60,000
accordin g iv e
18
n e o f h i i l e gi ti ma t
to th Turkis
d i f er en t d at e
he
historians
h ou g
so
r s p la c t ha t h e T ur k
)9
'A
13 3',
h r s t a n w r t er s o cc up ie d
E ur op e
141
O n h e o ri gi n o f h e O tt om a
Theodore Spandoune nk name of Joasaph. John aleologo then ntered th palace an paid
rh
th th al th
he
ha promised Orha then wanted to go back to Asia or Natalia. Bu when he wa abou four days distance from Constantinople no fa ro
llipoli, th da be or he
ea thquak
as du
so severe that lmos al th
neighbourhoo
to
emba k, ther
collapsed an th soothsayer persuade
he houl no leav Eu ope.
ha
as an
alls nd building in th
eplied Sinc
Orha
that
od ha opened
E mp er or s
hi tw brothers On he ha strangled; th othe fledand escape to oi on called
ki az Htidavendiga
ttoman
or ther
battle azi,
hi to as th
nc os po erfu of th line of th
asno on to be foun
ho ould defe
hi
in
as al ay th fi stto strike an fo this he as know as hich in Tu kish
eans valian an
pi ited
also th
firs of th Ottoman to be entitle Htidavendiga ('Condichiaro') name stillpreserved in Turkey meanin Empero in ou language 21 He wa th firs of th Ottoma
rulers to brin expert to Gallipol to
th wa we shal stay here.' As soon as Cantacuzen ha left Constantinople King Stephe of
buil galley an othe ship fo warfar by sea.
Serbia made wa on John Paleolog to recove Albania. Orha hear
with th Empero of Constantinople because, at th beginnin of hi
of this an promptly made
reign, he fought in alliance with th King of Serbia agains hi
ag ee en
it th
erbian
in an
te
with the Vlachs (,Valacchi') agains Paleologo On George "Glava', then lord of Didymoteicho Paleolog
('D imotico')
went to pledge loyalt to
at Constantinople an [while he wa away some rebels
corrupte by bribes handed th castle over to Orhan, wh marche
as ofte at ar
ou
jo
pe
places in Serbia an reduce it to tributar province Then he allied with th Bulgars th Wailachians ('Valacchi') an th Goths an with th Empero of Constantinople agains th Kingdo
(' nglesi') lord of Serres to assemble huge [arm of Christians to blockade
rh
in
id
oteichon
ha very fe
over
of Hungary; an
they attacked Hungar from tw sides.
troops bu he
80,000
Turkish
brok ou by nigh an made hi wa toward Bulgaria Th Bulgar
soldiers to invade Hungary; an ha it no been fo th intervention
failed to realis what wa afoo sinc ther were so fe Turks; an in
of divine providence Hungar woul have fare badly. Mura came
ny casethe Bulg rs totall de eate od or ou
er sodden in drunke sleep. heir ar
an scatte ed an this
in grant
as th
irst vi to
to th in id on th soilof
as hich
to
plac in th
or st of Serbia called
'Consogno'
near
Novo Brdo Ther twelve knight in th pa of Hungar conspire pp
eece.19
Orhan, having conquered some othe places died thre year afte
os ov
op
th
o'
lo
to
ob
he
he ha crosse to Greece an he wa buried in villag near Gallipol
servic ofHungary What he di wa brav an memorabl an much
ceremonie and festivals [here described].2 is plac as take by Mura 'A urath') , th fi st of this na
th
l eb r
an the thir Empero of theTurks He wa called Gazi Hiidavendiga ('Caxi Condichiaro'). Assoo ashe ha assume power, he turned on
20
pr
urks nd heaske
that he in
as
ga to
speak
finema in or
to
an statur an
it
ll
21
to
Murad, wh agreed having hear el armed. Ente in
Theodore Spandounes ut of th
avilio
li
fo
On th
ag ly
ound
tr
or
down."
er
r ig i o f t h O tt om a E m e ro r
lb ia
ppoint
is serv nt
en he di
vereignt
ec
governor ha in
monk
nd la dl rd
oluntarily forfeite
lbania
is
as
holl
denu ed
lb ni
an
perp tu te
('Janizari') At firs they were only 50 in number though later, in th time of th second Mura ('Amurath'), they were increase
to
8,000.
ho Selim raise their number
to
ro.oco. It wa the above-mentione
)0
al
he
tch, in de
unbelievable butchery an destruction. He captured Valona an then
wh brough down Milo Kobilic; an from that da to this if anyone goes
to
kissthe an
or of Tu key, tw
th
ar
ol
is
Parras.e
to
Constantinople.
hands. Mura wa buried in th plac wher th deed wa done an
Th city migh well have fallen to th Turk interred in Kossovo, though later, in th time of hi so Bayezid,
th Tartars, th Gran Sachatai to inform hi hospital wa endowe fo charitable purposes by th Turkis
rulers
His SO Ildrim Bayezid succeede him_23 Bayezi
fo th
of th sieg an of th
bellicos activities of Ildrim Bayezid. He suggeste that it woul be more honourable ifthe grea city of Constantinople surrendere itself
wa th fourth Empero of th Turk an no less talented
than hi predecessors as witnes th fact that he wa called Iidrim
Ottomans wh were th descendant of mere shepherds. Sachatai
whic in Turkis
responde by puttin severa thousand warriors in th fiel
mean Thunderbolt. Firs he disposed of hi seve
brothers by murder He then observed ho Serbia,
to
attack
greatl divide amon
themselves were th prince of Christendom, especially th King of '47
itno be
it
th Goth an th Wallachians, wh were al atwa with th
Empero of Constantinople Manuel ('Emanuel'), so ofthe aforesai John [V). Bayezi made wa on this Manuel invading an plundering
Turk
as th ug
th z6
most deceitful dogs.
re no Ma om tans of th
I1drimBayezid ha no anticipate that such
huge army woul descen upon hi Nat~1i ~ith hi
me fait
nar y;
with such wrath. He crosse into th im
th so of he in
SerbIa GIOrgio,who afte hi father's death, wa name Despot an founde by 'Horestias'. This greatl contribute
to th fall an ruin
of Greece sinc al at once th Turk controlled
city soric incom
~e.y suffered more ~n more.damag from thei enemies. Finally, in pitche battle Ildrim Bayezi wa take prisoner an th rest of th Turkis
army wa completely destroye
an
dispersed.f
an al othe good things He made it hi headquarters an pillaged
Ta hurl
more an more places in Greece so much so that hi bandit seemed
wher th Empero Manuel sent ambassador to offe hi
ac ta
Sa hatai, li
everywhere.P
Serbia ha give Albani to th so of [John] Cantacuzen as dowry, an ho th Empero Cantacuzen ha rounde up al th potentates
Z2
th
he
esta li ed
agna imou
or th
Th grea
im el in
rs
obedience: xercis
C~urteousliberality, fo he replie to th ambassadors: 'It isnot God' Wishtha
most splendid city fullof nobility an urbanity should be
23
Theodore
th or gi of he
Spandounes
u om a
E mp er or s
to
to
ks
shoulder. W he n S ac h t a g o b ac k t o S cy ti a h e s ta ge d or
er
ez
an
ro
m ag n f ic en t
ea as em
nu
es
[ II ]
as
ra
r.
nd
ha
al
ri
e,
ne
re ce
be et by
de ur
r iu mp h ec
st
el
ri ra eu
ra
ba
no rs
ho
re
ne
ad es or
at
ei
an
ng
rk
For
er
down to us ha
ew
or
to kill himsel
at once
to
A dr ia no p e , rs
a ls o
hi
el
an
as
he ov no
om
ac
a ma n
by
he
a ma n
nd
re
w o s on s M ur a
( ' A mu ra th '
rs
an
u s a ph a. "
ng
ot er
co
'49
ed
in
ed
br
29
rk an
l ea vi n
en
s ta y
ad
di
ve
rt
en
ad
ha ai Treviso, The
f ra gm en te d t ho ug h ve
hi
au
w as .
rk
30
ac
ri ns re
24
ai rr
ry
en hi wa
ns
ac
ed
s e s io n
to
25
al ni hi
on co
di
Theodore
Spandounes
O n h e o dg i
o f t h O tt om a
E m e ro rs :
rv
Ja
'1
co
er ay
harac ( ,c ar az o
o r c us to ma r
re
ed
t ax .3 2
('
r or .
s,
es ra sa
o f A ng el oc as tr o
an
ai
re ad
.>
a n h e e n s te d h e h e
of on
a rl o T oc co .
al
rl
rd
ar
rk
st
o cc o' s
ri hi
uk
rm
o f h es e i s a nd s in
ro
27
Theodore
Spandounes
O n h e o r g i o f t h O tt om a
s ta n re gn se
ne
ru
or
pe
an
re ec ri na
sl nd se
ch he
pl
}o
sc rd an
ne
a mo u
so
he
he rg
ze
ca
be ec de an
re en
an ac
se ra
E mp er or s
er
rd ca
s te e
hi
re
nt
si
er
ca
ag
a'
ne
to
r , d is p e d
sa
sp at
en 41
s on s
er
m ad e Sanjak heys
nz ch
m ea n o f c ur b n g h e d is un it e prisoner
into miserabl
ra
ra
sa
moving at Rome.P [ J n ]
re re
ec de
to t h
en
ut
e, af
-y
gh
n.
er al
he ot
or
st
to
c ou nc i [ i I ta ly ] a n he
pr
ns
op
nd
it wise
nc
rk re
1444,
ad at sc
28
ag
he
rk
f o s ev e years.f D ur in g t ha t i m
el se
ga ns
to
ci
f ro m C on st an ti no pl e
to
s ta n
ho
to
an es
es
ruin of Greece.f
III
ed [J hn
op
captivity. d,
[jJ
at
A lb an ia ns , c on t n ua ll y h ar as s n g t he m
t ho ug h t h m os t r ev er en d C ar di na l J ul ia n al
su
hr
re
29
re s,
ea
