Ac k nowl e dge me nt s Thi sbooks t ar t e dasac ol l e c t i onofbl ogpos t st woy e ar sagoandasabac kdr opt omywor kasa UXde s i gne r .I tbe c amec l e art hatIne e de dt oputt hepos t st oge t he randnai lmyc ol our st ot he mas t ,t owhatIc ons i de r e dt hemai nc ompone nt sofe xpe r i e nc ede s i gn.Somuc hdi s c us s i on oc c ur sar oundUXt hati tappe ar e dt hati twoul ddi s appe arupi t sownz e i t ge i s t . Fr om de s i gni ngi nt e r f ac e sf ors mar thome st ot hes i gnupf l owsf orr e f uge e s ' mobi l ephone s , wor ki ngatHe l l oGr ouphasgi v e nmet heoppor t uni t yt oe xpl or eas pe c t sofe xpe r i e nc ede s i gnt hat y ouwoul dnotdi s c ov e ri nas t andar ddi gi t alage nc y .Adde dt ot hi st hec ol l e ague st hatI am l uc kye nought owor kal ongs i de ,i thasgi v e nmet hemot i v at i onandi ns pi r at i ont or e l e as et hi s book. Iwoul dbet e l l i ngal i ei fIs ai di thasbe e napl e as ur et oputt oge t he r ,butt her e l i e fofs hi ppi ngi t outi si mme ns e .Ie s pe c i al l ymus tt hankJe ppeHe nc ke l ,UXAr c hi t e c tatHe l l o,whonotonl y que s t i one dt he me sbutal s os t e e r e dmeawayf r om ar e asofpot e nt i alc onf us i on.Ti neJør ge ns e n andRuneAnde r s e n,al s ogav emet hepus hIne e de dt oge tt hebookoutt he r e ,e s pe c i al l yt hef e w pas s i onat ec onv e r s at i onsov e rbe e ratUXLondon. Fi nal l yImus tt hankmywi f eVi be ke ,whoi smyt oughe s tc r i t i candgr e at e s ts ube di t or .Wi t hout he rs uppor tandpat i e nc ey ouwoul dn' tber e adi ngt hi st oday . SoIhopey oue nj oyt hebook.
Pr e f a c e Expe r i e nc ei sauni que l yhumanc ondi t i on,ami xt ur eofc ogni t i v epr oc e s s e sandme mor y .Pe r s onal i t yal s oc ome si nt opl ayandass uc he xpe r i e nc ei sac ompl e xanduni ques ubj e c tt hatdi f f e r sf or e v e r ype r s on.Thi sc ompl e xi t yhasl e dust oapl ac ewhe r eade s i gndi s c i pl i nec angr owandj us t i f y i t se xi s t e nc eduet ot hei mpor t anc eoft hequal i t yofe xpe r i e nc e st hatpe opl e( c us t ome r s ,us e r sor pat i e nt s )c anf e e lwhi l s tus i ngori nt e r ac t i ngwi t h” di gi t al ”pr oduc t s . Te c hnol ogyi nt hel as tt hr e ede c ade shaspus he dt hei mpor t anc eofhowhumansi nt e r ac twi t h s y s t e ms ,mac hi ne sande ac hot he r .Thi shasl e dt oaf us i onofdi s c i pl i ne snowbe i ngr e f e r r e dt oas UX.Thec onv e r ge nc ei snotac oi nc i de nc ebuthashappe ne dduet ot e c hnol ogyasapr ogr e s s i on f r om t hede s kt opt ot hel apt op,t hemai nf r amet ot hei nt e r ne t . I nt hi sc ont e xt” Expe r i e nc e ”i saus e r ’ se xpe r i e nc eofs c r e e nbas e di nt e r ac t i ons .Howe v e r ,i tc oul d e as i l ybes e r v i c ede s i gnorpr oduc tde s i gnt hatt hes amet he me sappl yt o.Expe r i e nc e ,s howni n t hef ol l owi nge s s ay s ,i sav as tandabs t r ac tnot i onandf e at ur e si nmanydi s c i pl i ne s .The humanmi ndpe r c e i v e ss omuc huni que l y ,t hatnoonepe r s onf e e l se xac t l yt hes ame ,s i mi l ar undoubt e dl y ,butt heme c hani s msoft hemi ndar edi f f e r e ntf r om onepe r s ont ot hene xt . Fr om mype r s pe c t i v et hi si swhatIf i ndf as c i nat i ngaboute xpe r i e nc ede s i gn.Re f e r e nc et o,and be l i e fi n,t hei mpor t anc eofs oc i alandc ogni t i v es c i e nc ene e dst of or m par toft hephi l os ophyof t oday ’ sde s i gne r .Anawar e ne s soft hehumanc ondi t i onandt hege ne r alne e dsandwant sof pe opl emus tf i gur ei nhowwede s i gne f f e c t i v es y s t e msandpr oduc t s . De s i gnpat t e r nsar ec e r t ai nl yas t ar tpoi ntf orane f f e c t i v ede s i gnbutwi t houtanappr e c i at i onof c ont e xtandus e rbe hav i ourwehav eadange rofbui l di ngs ol ut i onst hatar epr e s c r i be dwi t houtan e y eont heopt i malandmos tc r e at i v es ol ut i ons . De s i gnpr i nc i pl e shav ebe e ne s t abl i s he df ormanyy e ar s ,e v e nc e nt ur i e s ,andar ebor nt hr ough manyot he rdi s c i pl i ne s .Not abl yps y c hol ogy ,f i near t ,pr oduc tde s i gnands oc i ol ogy . The i rmor eabs t r ac tappl i c at i ont ake sawayt hepr e s c r i pt i v ee l e me ntt hatpat t e r nss ome t i me s t ake .Thi sal s obe c ome smor ei mpor t antwhe nc ons i de r i ngt hec ont e xtofUXde s i gni ni nt e r f ac e s ot he rt hant hos eonl i ne .I fwet hi nkpat t e r nsc amef r om c ommonus e-l ookde e pe randwe r e al i s et hes uc c e s s f ulone sar es oundl ybas e dupons ol i dde s i gnpr i nc i pl e s . Thede s i gnpr i nc i pl e spr e s e nt e di nt hi sbookhav ebe e nt ake nf r om t hee xc e l l e ntbookUni v e r s al Pr i nc i pl e sofDe s i gn( Li dwe l l ,Hol de nandBut l e r ) .Asas t ar t i ngpoi nt ,Iam r e al l yi nt e r e s t e di n
howy ouc anappl y( s omeoft he s eanc i e nt )pr i nc i pl e st omode r ndayde s i gn.He r eIgr oupe dt he m andhav ei l l us t r at e ds omeoc c ur r e nc e sont hewe b. Eac hpr i nc i pl ei swor t ht al ki ngabouti nt hec ont e xtofus e re xpe r i e nc ede s i gn.The s ef oundat i ons ar ee v e nmor er e l e v anti nt hef i e l dofUX,ast hede s i gnc hal l e nge swef ac ear ebe c omi ngmor e c ompl e x. Ihav egr oupe dt hede s i gnpr i nc i pl e si nt oar e ast hatar ec or et ode l i v e r i nggoodus e re xpe r i e nc e s . Not et hewor dus e rhe r ede not e ss ome bodyus i ngani nt e r f ac e . Thear e asar edi v i de di nt o;pe r s uas i on,be hav i or ,v i s ualde s i gn,us abi l i t y ,i nt e r ac t i onandc ont e nt . Though i tc oul d be ar gue dt hatus e re xpe r i e nc ei sc onc e r ne d wi t hi nt e r f ac e sr at he rt han i nt e r ac t i onswi t hpr oduc t sors e r v i c e s ,de s i gnasane nt i t yc ans t i l lbel ooke dont hr ought hes i x di f f e r e ntl e ns e spr e s e nt e dhe r e . The yf or m abas i sofhowt oqual i t yc he c kmyout putandt he yhav emademer e al i z et hi s ;t hati nal l s uc c e s s f ulc r e at i v ewor kt hef ol l owi ngf l ow c anbeobs e r v e d,s t r at e gy ,e xpe r i e nc e ,de s i gnand c ommuni c at i on.The s ef ourpi l l ar sofwhatc ons t i t ut e sbl oc kbus t e rpr oduc t s ,ki l l e rs of t war e , s t agge r i nggame sorwonde r f ulf i l msc utt hr ought her angeofc r e at i v ei ndus t r i e sandt hec or eof t hebe s tbus i ne s s e s . Myhopei st hatt hes i xc i r c l e sr e pr e s e ntawayofs e e i nganygi v e nde s i gnpr obl e mt hr oughs pe c i f i c l e ns e s .Thusc r e at i ngac ont e xt ualbas i st ol ookatapr obl e ms pac eands ol v ei tappr opr i at e l y .
I nt r oduc t i on Thes i xc i r c l e sr e pr e s e ntawayt ounde r s t andhowapr oduc t ,s of t war eapp,de s i gne dobj e c tor s pac er e al l yc anbes e e nt hr oughs i xdi f f e r e ntas pe c t sf r om ane xpe r i e nc ede s i gnpe r s pe c t i v e .The pr i nc i pl e shi ghl i ght e dar et hos et hathav ei mpor t anc ewi t hr e gar dt ot hequal i t yoft hee nd pr oduc t–what e v e ri tmaybe . Mype r s onalr e as onf orput t i ngt hi smuc he ne r gyi nt oc at al ogui ngal loft hi swast ot r yande ns ur e Ihads omef r ame wor kf ormye xpe r i e nc ede s i gnwor k.Iam ade s i gne r ,f i r s tandf or e mos t ,us abi l i t y ,anal y t i c s ,bus i ne s sde v e l opme ntandde s i gnmanage me ntwe r et hes ki l l st hatf e l lon t opofmyc or ene e dt obeabl et ode s i gns ome t hi ngt hatac l i e ntr e que s t e d. Thi swayofl ooki ngate xpe r i e nc ede s i gni spe r s onalandmanymaydi s agr e ewi t hi t .Butf r om my pe r s pe c t i v et obef ul l yawar eofhowt omaket hebe s tpr oduc t sne e dsanappr e c i at i onoft he s e c r i t i c alar e as .Butnotonl yt oknowt he yar et he r ebutal s ot os e et hei mpor t antpr i nc i pl e st hat ar ewe l lt r odde npat hst os uc c e s s . Thec l amourofbus i ne s st oe mbr ac eUXi n201 1hasbe e ni nt e r e s t i ngt oobs e r v eandIf e e lt he r ei s agr e atoppor t uni t yf orbus i ne s s e st omakewhatt he ypr oduc eac hi e v ee xc e l l e nc eandaf f e c tmany mor epe opl e .Butt he r ei sal s ot hebac kl as hoft hos ewhof e e lus e rc e nt r e dde s i gni sa f al l ac yandawas t eoft i meande f f or t . Tot hos eIs ayy ouc annotmakes ome t hi ngf ort hos ey ouknownot hi ngaboutandas s umey ouwi l l bes uc c e s s f ul .Wenol onge rhav et hel uxur yofl aunc hi ngpr oduc t st hatf ai lt os e l l ,ors e r v i c e st hat donotwor k,bus i ne s s e st hatf l ounde rbe c aus eofpoort e s t i ng,as s umpt i onsorpr oc e s s bl i ndne s s .UXi sawayt ot r ul yunde r s t andy ourc us t ome r s ,us e r sore mpl oy e e s .Wi t houtt hat unde r s t andi ngwewi l lr e pe att hes amemi s t ake st hatbus i ne s s e shav emadet hr oughoutt hel as t 20y e ar s . UXc anc ombi nemanydi f f e r e ntdi s c i pl i ne st omakes ome t hi ngt r ul ys pe c i al .I gnor i ngt hi sr e al l y i snol onge ranopt i on.The r ei sapr e s s i ngne e donust odot hi ngsbe t t e r ,maket hi ngss mar t e r andmor ee f f i c i e nt l y .Thei ndus t r i alagei sc omi ngt oac l os e .UXr e pr e s e nt st hei nt e r s e c t i onof whe r et e c hnol ogyme e t st hehumanbe i ng,de s i gni ngf orpe opl eandnots ol e l ypr oduc i ngf or c ons umpt i on. Oft hes i xt he me swi t hi nt hef r ame wor k,t hef i r s ti spe r s uas i ont hats i t sont hepe r i phe r yoft he s i xt he me s .Pe r s uas i oni sc or et ot headv e r t i s i ngi ndus t r yandmar ke t i ngpr of e s s i on.Goode xampl e soft hi ss e e ni nours oc i e t yaf f e c t sourbe hav i our ,Ve r yof t e nt ac i t l yf r om e xpe r i e nc e swehav e
hadi nourpas tonl yhe l dwi t hi nourme mor ybuts t i l laf f e c t i nghowwei nt e r ac twi t ht hewor l d. Be hav i ouri st henat ur alout c omef r om t hec aus eofpe r s uas i v ee l e me nt s . Thet hi r dt he mei sv i s ualde s i gn-t hef i r s tt angi bl el ay e rt hatwes e e ,andc omei nt oc ont ac twi t h. Ashumanbe i ngsi ti showwear ehar dwi r e dt omakede c i s i ons .I ti sapar tofourge ne t i cand bi ol ogi c almakeupandbe ne at ht hatl i e sus abi l i t y .Thi si st hee nabl e rf orme ani ngf ul i nt e r ac t i on,wi t houtus abi l i t yt hei nt e r ac t i onst hatwehav ewi t ht heobj e c twi l lbewi t houtme r i t andwi l lpr oduc eane gat i v ee f f e c t–r e s ul t i ngi nabade xpe r i e nc e . I nt e r ac t i oni st hedoor wayt ot hec ont e nt .Theabi l i t yt of e e l ,t ouc handgai nf e e dbac kt ot he ‘ t hi ng’ y ouwant e dt oge tt oi nt hef i r s tpl ac e .Cont e nti nt hi ss e r i e shasbe e nde s c r i be dast he t e xt ualmat e r i alwef i ndwi t hi nwe bs i t e s .Butofc our s ec ont e ntc anbeany t hi ngt oany body . Mus i c ,ar t ,f i l m,anobj e c torapr oduc tc oul ds i tatt hec or eoft heot he rf i v et he me swi t hi nt he f r ame wor k.I nmanyway si ti st heobj e c tt hatat t r ac t saus e rorus e r st ogat he rar ound,s har eand i nt e r ac twi t h.
The s es i xar e asIf e e lr e pr e s e ntt hec or eofe xpe r i e nc ede s i gn.Fore ac hpr oj e c tIt r yt oputt he l e ns eofe ac hov e rwhatIam t r y i ngt oac hi e v e .Ihopei fnot hi ngmor ei tpr ov i de sadi f f e r e ntway t ol ookatt hewor kofde s i gni nge ne r al ,ands pe c i f i c al l yt hos ei nv ol v e di nt heUXf i e l d.Ihope t her e ade r soft hi sbookt akei ns pi r at i onf r om t hemanydi f f e r e ntobs e r v at i onshe r e . Us e rf l ow( us e rpat hway s )hav ebe c omes oi mpor t antt ot hee xpe r i e nc eofas i t e( ande v e nmor e i nanappl i c at i on)t hatt he ygobe y onds t andar dbe s tpr ac t i c e s .The i rdi f f i c ul t yt oar c hi t e c tf or , gi v e sr i s et ot hebook’ spur pos e–t of or mt hebas i sofac ont e xt ual l ybas e dde s i gn f r ame wor kt hatc anbeus e di nUXde s i gnpr obl e ms .Thi sf r ame wor kde f i ne st hewor kwedoas us e re xpe r i e nc epr of e s s i onal sandt hee f f e c t i v e ne s soft hede s i gnswepr oduc e .
Pe r s ua s i on
Thef i r s te l e me nt–Pe r s uas i on,i sapar toft heUXde s i gnf r ame wor kt hathasmanydar ke r ,or mani pul at i v ec onnot at i ons .Somewoul ds ayt hatpe r s uas i ondoe snotal i gni t s e l fwe l lwi t ht he e t hi c sofde s i gni ngf ort heus e r . ButasBJFoggi nhi sbook,Pe r s uas i v eTe c hnol ogy ,s ay s : “Theanswert ot hequest i on-I spersuasi onunet hi cal ?I snei t heryesorno.I t dependsuponhow persuasi oni sused…Thedesi gnersi nt ent ,met hodofpersuasi onandout comeshel pt odet ermi net heet hi csofpersuasi vet echnol ogy. . . I fa humanwereusi ngt hi sst rat egyt opersuadewoul di tbeet hi cal ?W eexpectet hi cal persuasi ont oi ncl udeel ement sofempat hyandreci proci t ybutwi t hi nt eract i ve t echnol ogyt herei snoemot i onalreci proci t y. ” Thi si swhywes ome t i me sf e e lc he at e dwhe nt e c hnol ogyf ai l st ode l i v e rane xpe r i e nc et hati s e mpat he t i c ,andwhyasde s i gne r swene e dt obemor eawar eoft he s epot e nt i alpi t f al l s .
He r epe r s uas i oni se xpl or e di nt e r msofde s i gnpr i nc i pl e st hati nf l ue nc epe opl eandf ac t or sof mot i v at i on-c ompe t i t i on,c oope r at i onandr e c ogni t i on.The s ec har ac t e r i s t i c sal s ogi v epr oduc t s t hatar ec onne c t e d( f r om s oc i alne t wor kst omobi l eappl i c at i ons )t hepowe rt ope r s uade .
Ent r yPoi nt Thepoi ntofe nt r yi nt oade s i gnt ot hegoalde pe ndsonhowt hepagec ompone nt sors c r e e ni s c ompos e d.Re duc i ngbar r i e r st ot hegoali sani mpor t ante l e me nthe r easi sus i ngnav i gat i onal de v i c e st oor i e nt at et heus e rt ot he i rl oc at i onandl i ke l yde s t i nat i on.Thi si st hemai nr e as on whynav i gat i onmus tnotbedi s t r ac t i ng–t oe ns ur et hef oc usofaus e ri sont het as ki nhand.I t c oul dbef i ndi ngi nf or mat i on,buy i ngapr oduc tordownl oadi ngf i l e s .Pr oduc t sands e r v i c e st hat ar es i mpl et ous ehav eamuc hgr e at e rpowe rt ope r s uade .Thef i nale l e me nti sl ur i ngt he c us t ome rt owar dst hegoali ni nc r e me nt s ,pe r s uadi ngwi t hi mage s ,we l lwr i t t e nc opyandqual i t y c al l st oac t i on.The s epr i nc i pl e sgui del andi ngpagede s i gnandi nc ombi nat i onwi t he f f e c t i v e s e ar c hmar ke t i ngpr ov i depe r s uas i v eonl i nee xpe r i e nc e s .
Pi c t ur eSuper i or i t yEffec t Pagel ay out ,adv e r t i s i ngandpac kagi ng al lbe ne f i tf r om t hes t r e ngt hofi mage st o c onv e yme ani ngaswe l last he ac c ompany i ngc opyt hatmaybepl ac e d al ongs i de . Si mpl yput ,wor dsandpi c t ur e sar emor e me mor abl et ope opl et hanwor dsal one . The yal s oal l owar e ade rt os c anapage e as i l y .Rat he rt hanape r s onhav i ngt o r e ad,i mage st hatc onv e yme ani ngf or m af as t e randl e s sar duousme t hodf or c ompr e he ns i on. Me ani ngf uli mage sar eme mor abl e , whi c hi nt ur nmake st heme s s agee v e n mor es o.I mage sar ee xt r e me l ype r s uas i v ewhe nus e di nt her i ghtc ont e xt .
St or yTel l i ng As t or yhast hedi s t i nc t i v ec har ac t e r i s t i ct hate ac hpe r s oni nanaudi e nc ewi l lhav eauni que e xpe r i e nc eandf e e l i ngs ..The i rr e ac t i ont oi toc c ur si nav e r ype r s onalwayandwhe ndonewe l l , t hi spar t i c ul arpr i nc i pl eof f e r st hemos ti mme r s i v eande ngagi nge xpe r i e nc e s .Awe l lc r af t e ds t or y c anmani pul at eanaudi e nc ee as i l y ,e i t he rbypl ay i ngwi t he mot i ons( at r agi ct al e )orbymot i v at i ngt he mt ot akeac t i on( e . gt e l e t hondoc ume nt ar i e s ) .Thef undame nt ale l e me nt st oagoods t or y ar et hes e t t i ng,c har ac t e r s ,pl ot ,mood,mov e me ntandi nv i s i bi l i t y .
‘ Chooseadi f f erentendi ng'i sani nt eract i vevi deocampai gnt ot el lt hest oryofhow choi ceswi l l changeal i f e.
I nt hemos t s uc c e s s f ulgame s ,r e ali mme r s i oni sac hi e v e d,ort heme di um be c ome si nv i s i bl edue t ot he s ef ac t or s .Agoodpl ot ,dy nami corc har i s mat i cac t or ,i nt r i gui ngs e t t i ngandat mos phe r e ( mus i candl i ght i ng)ac c ompani e dbyaf l owt hati ss ui t abl ypac e d,wi l lr e s ul ti nt hemos ti nv ol v i nggamepl ay . Ani mpor t antf ac t ori ns t or yt e l l i ng,par t i c ul ar l ywhe nus e dwi t hi nmar ke t i ng,i st hati tmus tbe aut he nt i c .AsBJFoggs t at e s ;‘ c r e di bi l i t ymake spe r s uas i onpos s i bl e ’ .Wi t houtt hebe l i e f ( s us pe nde dorge nui ne )oft hes t or y ’ sr e al i t y ,t r y i ngt ope r s uadet heaudi e nc et obemot i v at e dt o dos ome t hi ngwi l lbev e r ydi f f i c ul t .
Dur i ngt hi sr e l at i ons hi pbe t we e nt hes t or yt e l l e r( t hepe r s uade r )andt heaudi e nc e( t hec us t ome r ) t he r ewi l lbeat i meofopt i malpe r s uas i on( Kai r ose f f e c t ) .Ont hewe bt hi si smos tappar e nton l andi ngpage s ,whe r et hec ont e xtofas e ar c hque r yi smi r r or e df ort heus e rwhe nt he y ar r i v eandt hec al lt oac t i oni sappar e nt . Howe v e r ,t hi sobv i ouss al e sappr oac ht ode s i gn( dat al e dt hr oughe i t he rA/ Bt e s t i ngorot he r qual i t at i v eme as ur e me nt )r unst her i s kofi gnor i nge l e me nt sofpe r s uas i ont hatar emor es ubt l e . I ti sf arbe t t e rt ot akeahol i s t i cv i e wofde s i gni ngf orpe r s uas i onandr e gar ddi f f i c ul tme t r i c ss uc h asc ont e xtandc ul t ur eal ongs i det hec ont e ntt hati sbe i ngof f e r e dandt hede s i r e dac t i ont hata us e rmayt ake .
Fr ami ng Bymani pul at i ngt hewayi nf or mat i oni spr e s e nt e dt heabi l i t yt omakei nf or me dj udgme nt sand de c i s i onsc anbeaf f e c t e d.Thi swayoff r ami ngi nf or mat i oni sof t e ns e e ne i t he ri nane gat i v eor pos i t i v el i ghtt hate i t he rdr i v e sde c i s i onmaki ngorpur e l yi nf or ms .Fore xampl epol i t i c i ansus e s t at i s t i c st ogr e ate f f e c tt ope r s uadev ot e r st oc hanget he i rv i e wsorf or m anopi ni on. Anot he rf ac t ort ot hi spr i nc i pl ewhi c h i sgai ni ngt r ac t i oni nouri nt e r c onne c t e dwor l di shows oc i al c onne c t i onsi nf l ue nc eourbe hav i our muc hmor ewhe nal i gne dwi t ha s e r v i c eorpr oduc t .Thi ss oc i al i nf l ue nc epl ay sake yr ol ei n mot i v at i onandi sl i ke l yt oal t e r at t i t ude sandc r e at ebe hav i our al c hange ,f ore xampl ewhanpr e s e nt i ng i nf or mat i onal ongs i des ome t hi nga f r i e nd‘ l i ke s ’ . Twi t t e randFac e bookf ac i l i t at e‘ s oc i al f r ami ng’ .At ar ge tbe hav i ourc anbe f ul f i l l e di faus e rc andi s c e r nt hat ot he r sar epe r f or mi ngt hebe hav i our wi t ht he m.
Thi st y peoff r ami ngi sapot e ntandpowe r f ulpe r s uas i v ef or c et hati snoti mme di at e l yobv i oust o us e r s .Pe e rpr e s s ur e( ornor mat i v es oc i ali nf l ue nc e )i st hec at al y s tt hatc r e at e sbe hav i our al c hange .
I nfluenc e BJFoggbe l i e v e st hati nf l ue nc es t r at e gyandt ac t i c s ,nott hei nt e r ac t i v epr oduc t ,wi l lbet heuni tof anal y s i s ,ort hebas i cbui l di ngbl oc kofme as ur i ngs uc c e s si nt hef ut ur e .I ti se nt i r e l ybe l i e v abl et o as s umet hatourpe r s onalne t wor kswi l lnotonl ybemor er e l e v antt oust hana s e ar c he ngi ne ,butal s oi nf l ue nc ehowwes pe ndourmone yandl i v eourl i v e s .Whatmot i v at e sor pe r s uade sust hemos t ,i sourde s i r et oc oope r at e .Wene e dt ober e c ogni z e dasgi v i ngv al ueand c ompe t ei namanne rt hatgi v e suss at i s f ac t i on.Manyc ommuni t i e sf l our i s hbe c aus eof t he s ef ac t or s .Cons i de rwr i t i ngr e v i e ws ,s har i ngc ont e nt ,be i ngr e war de df orl oy al t yand par t i c i pat i ngi naf or um asac t i v i t i e st hathol dt r uepe r s onalv al uet oaus e ri nac ommuni t yor s oc i alne t wor k. Outofal lt hepr i nc i pl e s ,pe r s uas i oni st hepar toft heUXde s i gnf r ame wor kt hathast hei t sr oot s mor ei nps y c hol ogyands oc i als c i e nc et hani nde s i gn.Asde s i gne r s ,i tpos e st hebi gge s tc hal l e nge asi ti sout s i det hec omf or tz one sweus ual l yope r at ei n.Be i ngpe r s uade dt odos ome t hi ng nat ur al l yhast hee f f e c tofde f i ni ngourbe hav i our .Whe t he rt hi si sknownort ac i t ,pe r s uas i v e f or c e sc ons t ant l ys hapet hewaywei nt e r ac twi t ht hewor l d.Thene xtc hapt e rde al swi t hbe hav i or –t hewaywebe hav eandt hes e c onde l e me ntoft hes i xc i r c l e sf r ame wor k.
Be ha v i our
Us i ngani mageoft hei Pads e e msagoodwayt ot al kaboutbe hav i our ,t hes e c ondpar toft heUX de s i gnf r ame wor k.I nt hi sc hapt e rIe xpl or ehowAppl el aunc he dt hepr oduc tus i ngade s i gn pr i nc i pl er e l at i ngt ohumanbe hav i our . Anappr e c i at i onofwhywebe hav ei nt heway swedoi si nt e gr alt ode s i gni ngagoode xpe r i e nc e . Re gar dl e s sofwhaty out hi nkaboutus e re xpe r i e nc ede s i gn,asde s i gne r swene e dt opaymor e at t e nt i ont ohowandwhywebe hav el i kewedo.The s epr i nc i pl e sde r i v ef r om obs e r v at i onsanddi s c i pl i ne sbe y ondde s i gn.Ps y c hol ogyands oc i ol ogyar easi mpor t antwi t hi n t hi sl i s t ,whi c hofc our s ei snote xhaus t i v e .
Cogni t i v edi s s onanc e Cogni t i v edi s s onanc ei sde s c r i be dasanunc omf or t abl ef e e l i ngc aus e dbyhol di ngt woc ont r adi c t or yi de ass i mul t ane ous l y .Cogni t i on( t hought s ,f e e l i ngsandi de as )whe ni nhar monyar ei n c ons onanc e .Twounr e l at e dt hought sdonotc aus edi s s onanc e ,andt hemi ndc anc ar r yonwi t hout di s r upt i on.Di s s onanc enor mal l yoc c ur swhe nape r s onpe r c e i v e sal ogi c ali nc ons i s t e nc yamong hi sorhe rc ogni t i onst hatar er e l at e d. Taket hee xampl eofs t r e e tar t .Br i s t olc ounc i lhass pe ntt hous andsc l e ani ngupgr af f i t iar oundi t s c i t yc e nt r eandy e toneofi t smos tr e nowne d‘ of f e nde r s ’ ,Banks y ,e xhi bi t e di nt hes umme rwi t h hi swor kpai df orbyt heMay orandhi sc ounc i l .
I nt hee y e soft hel awwhatBanks y ' sar ti sv andal i s m andac r i mi nalac t ,howe v e r ,s uc hi shi ss ki l l s omewoul ds ayhehase l e v at e dhi ms e l fabov eot he r st ot hatofamode r nar t i s t .I tc oul dbes ai d t hatt hepoi ntofv i e woft hec ounc i lwasane xampl eofc ogni t i v edi s s onanc e ,whe r e any bodye l s es pr ay i ngont hewal li ss t i l lav andalbuti nBanks y ’ sc as ei ti sar tandt he r e f or ei t j us t i f i e dt hec ounc i l ’ se ndor s e me nt .Thepai nt i ngt ot hel e f ti sonabui l di ngoppos i t eBr i s t ol ’ s c ounc i lof f i c e s .Thec ounc i lputi t ’ sr e mov alt oapubl i cv ot eandt hepubl i cwant e di tt or e mai n.
Expe c t at i onanddi s appoi nt me ntar ef ac t or sofonl i nedi s s onanc e ,whe r et heus e rhe l danor i gi nal i de aande xpe r i e nc e sc ont r adi c t i onandhol dsont ot hei ni t i alt hought .I tc anbes e e ni nt he r e ac t i onsofus e r st opoorr e s ul t sofs e ar c he ngi ner e s ul t s( t he yl e av eont hel andi ngpage )who mai nt ai nt he i ror i gi nalpur s ui ti nf i ndi ngt he i rgoal . I ts houl dbet ake ni nt oac c ount ,whe nde s i gni ngany t hi ngf ormas sc ons umpt i on,t hatt he r ewi l l beagr oupwhoar edi s e nf r anc hi s e dandwhof e e lt hatt hepr oduc torpubl i c at i ondoe snots i t e as i l ywi t ht he i re xpe c t at i ons .Thebounc er at er e f l e c t sus e r swi t hs i mi l arf e e l i ngs ,name l yt hat t he ywe r emi s l e dormi s t ake n,ormi s unde r s t oodde s c r i pt i onsi nas e ar c hr e s ul tpage . Toc ont r olt hi sf ul l yi si mpos s i bl e ,butmoni t or i ngt hes e gme nt sofy ouraudi e nc e ,t he i rne e dsand want swi l lmakey ouawar eoft hec ons t ants hi f t i ngofv i s i t ororc us t ome re xpe c t at i onsonwhat y oupr ov i de .Thi se nc ompas s e sal lt hear e asofaus e re xpe r i e nc et ogi v et heai rof s ui t abi l i t y ,r e l e v anc eandqual i t y .
Expec t at i oneffec t Youraudi e nc eofpot e nt i alc us t ome r sar eatt he i rmos tr e c e pt i v ei nt e r msofbe i ngpe r s uade d whe ni nt r oduc i ngorpr omot i ngane wde s i gn.Togai nt hemos tf r om t hi s ,c l ai msmadebyt he pr oduc tors e r v i c emus tbemadewi t hs t at e me nt st hatc anbec l e ar l yi l l us t r at e dandhav e c r e di bi l i t y .
Looki ngatt her e c e nti Padl aunc ht hel e v e l sofe xpe c t at i onwe r ee xt r e meandi twase s s e nt i alt hat t hel aunc hoft hepr oduc twass y nc hr oni z e dandc ommuni c at e di nwayt hatwasc l e ar .What e v e r y ourt hought sar eont hepr oduc t ,as t udyoft heof f i c i alv i de o( ar guabl yt hemos tpe r s uas i v eof me di ums )s howss omei nt e r e s t i ngf e at ur e s .
The8mi nut ev i de oc anbebr oke ndownass uc h… 0-60seconds–Jonat hanI v egi v e st hev i s i ons t at e me ntoft hede v i c e ,t hi sge t st hev i e we r i nt r i gue d,e i t he re xc i t e dorc y ni c al ,butne v e r t he l e s st he yar ee ngage dandr e c e pt i v e . I nt henext4mi nut est heVPofi Phones of t war ee xpl ai nst hee xt r e mef l e xi bi l i t yandf e at ur e r i c hc apabi l i t i e soft hei Pad.Heout l i ne st hebe ne f i t st oac as ualbuy e r ,r e af f i r mi ngi tt ot hef ans , hi ss he e re nt hus i as mt aki ngt hev i e we ri nt oAppl e ’ swor l dofpr omi s e . Thenext2mi nut eshast heVPofHar dwar et akeov e r ,hes t at e swhyt hede v i c ei sdi f f e r e ntt he par t smanuf ac t ur e dar ee c of r i e ndl yands pe c i f i c al l ymadef orAppl e .The i rc ont r oloft he i rt e c hni c alhar dwar ei sgoodf ort he m,andhemake si tc l e ari ti sgoodf ort hec ons ume rt oo. Thel astmi nut es e e st heor i gi nalt wo,Mar ke t i ngandDe s i gnr e t ur ni ngt os i gnof fande ndi t wi t has t at e me ntt hatwi l lputamar ke rdownf oranyot he rde v i c e ss uc hast hi s .Ont heonehand i ti st hepr i c e–andonet hati spi t c he dl owt oe ns ur et het akeupoft hepr oduc t .Ont heot he ri t i st hes i mpl i c i t yofi t sde s i gnandAppl e ’ sbe l i e ft hatt hi swi l lc hangehowweus eandt hi nkabout c omput e r s . Fourpe opl er e pr e s e ntt hei Pad’ sde s i r abi l i t yt hr oughi t ’ sde s i gn,f e at ur e s ,t e c hni c alabi l i t yand f i nal l y( t hepay of f)i t ’ spr i c e .Thev i e we rt hi nkse i t he rt hatt hi si sagame c hangi ngde v i c eor t he yar enotc onv i nc e d,i nwhi c hc as et he ye i t he rr e qui r ef ur t he rpe r s uas i onorwi l lv oi c e ( publ i c l y )t he i ropi ni onsagai ns tt hec l ai ms . Anot he re xampl ec anbes e e ni nus e rt e s t i ngwi t hbi ass howni nas ki ngque s t i onst hatar ef e l tt o i nf l ue nc eas ubj e c t .Expe c t e dout c ome sf r om t hei nt e r v i e we ri nf l ue nc et he i rque s t i oni ng.Thi si s j us toneoft her e as onst hatus e rt e s t ss houl dnotbec onduc t e dbyt hede s i gne roft hes ol ut i on.
Hi c ksLaw Thet i mei tt ake st omakeade c i s i oni nc r e as e swi t ht heamountofc hoi c e sav ai l abl et oaus e r . Par t i c ul ar l ys e e ni nme nui t e msf ors of t war e . Fori ns t anc et hef i l ear e ac oul dbes e e nast hee qui v al e ntt ot het hr e epe dal sofac ar .Forc l ut c h, br akeandac c e l e r at e ,r e adope n,s av eandpr i nt .Thi sar e ane e dst obequi c kandi nt ui t i v et ous e . Asy out r av e lr i ghtal ongt heme nubary ouropt i onsmul t i pl yandt hel e ngt hoft i me f i ndi ngt he s eopt i onsal s oi nc r e as e s .
I ne c omme r c ec e r t ai ns t age sofat r ans ac t i onar ec l os e ddowni nt e r msofav ai l abl eopt i onst oa us e r .Thi se ns ur e sus e rf oc usandal i ke l i hoodoft he mc ompl e t i ngt het as k,andl e s sl i ke l i hoodi n t he m be i ngdi s t r ac t e dbyunne c e s s ar ypr omot i onsorway st onav i gat eaway .De c r e as e si ndr op of fr at e si nc onv e r s i onf unne l sc anbes e e nwhe nHi c ksLawi snot e d.
Hi er ar c hyofneeds Thi si sbas e donont hehi e r ar c hyofne e dsf r om Mas l owwhe r edi f f e r e nts t e psoft hepy r ami d f r om phy s i ol ogi c al( f unc t i onal i t y ) ,s af e t y( r e l i abi l i t y ) ,l ov e( us abi l i t y ) ,s e l f e s t e e m( pr of i c i e nc y ) ands e l f ac t ual i s at i on( c r e at i v i t y )c anbeappl i e dt oade s i gn. Anope r at i ngs y s t e mf oraPCe nabl e sc r e at i v i t ybyhav i ngas t r ongf unc t i onalandr e l i abl equal i t y , andani nhe r e ntus abl ei nt e r f ac et hatmayhav ei nnov at i v ef e at ur e se nabl i ngpr of i c i e nc yi ni t s us e r s .Al loft he s eaddupt ot hepot e nt i alofc r e at i v i t ybe i nge xhi bi t e dasal lot he rl owe rl e v e l sof t hede s i gnhav ebe e ns at i s f i e d. Thet wi t t e rpl at f or mt houghoc c as i onal l yf ai l i ngi nr e l i abi l i t yhase nabl e dhundr e dsofde v e l ope r s t oadapti tandc r e at ene wpr oduc t sf r om t heAPI .The i rpol i c yofus i ngope ns our c ewhe r e v e r pos s i bl ehasi nc r e as e di t ’ spopul aradopt i onf r om s omanyc ompani e s .
Thepr i nc i pl ei smos tus e f ulf ore v al uat i nge xi s t i ngde s i gnsands e e i ngi fi mpr ov e me nt swi l laf f e c t t hepy r ami di npos i t i v eorne gat i v eway s .Thee v ol ut i onoft hei Podi sagoode xampl eoft he i nt e r f ac ebe c omi ngmor ei nt ui t i v e( andhe nc emor epr of i c i e nc yc apabi l i t y )wi t houthar mi ngt he3 l ay e r sbe l ow.Cr e at i v i t yf ort hi spr oduc tc anbes e e ni nt heNi kePl usadapt at i onoft hei Podt obe av al uabl er unni ngai dandpe r s onalt r ai ne r .
I mmer s i on Thi si spe r hapsoneoft hemos ti nt e r e s t i ngas pe c t sofbe hav i ouri nt hede s i gnofus e re xpe r i e nc e . I tc anbede s c r i be dast hef e e l i ngoft ot ali mme r s i onf r om t hei nt e r ac t i onofapr oduc tt hatr e s ul t s i nf e e l i ngsofj oy ,s at i s f ac t i onande s c api s mf r om r e al i t y .Par t i c ul ar l ypr e v al e nti nt hegami ng wor l dt hi si swhatt hei ndus t r yt hr i v e sof fands uc c e s sofagamehi nge sont hi smos ti mpor t ant pr i nc i pl e .Buti mme r s i onc anbes e e ni nmanydi f f e r e ntar e as . I ngame si tmaybeaboutc hal l e nge st hatc anbeov e r c ome ,t hegr e at e rt hec hal l e nget hehi ghe r t hei mme r s i onands e ns eofs at i s f ac t i onwhe nc ompl e t e .I ngamede s i gnt hepas s ageoft i mei sa gr e ati ndi c at ort ot hepl ay abi l i t yofagame ,t hatt hel onge rt hedur at i ont hatape r s onpl ay s( and unawar eoft i mepas s i ngi nt her e alwor l d)t hegr e at e rt hei mme r s i v ee f f e c t .
I nt her e alwor l dt heat t r ac t i onofal i br ar yf ors t udyi st heabi l i t yt obei mme r s e dwi t hi nac ont e xt t hatpr omot e sl e ar ni ngandne gat e spot e nt i aldi s t r ac t i on.I twoul dal s ohav eamodi f i e ds e ns eof t i mef ort hatpe r s onwhe r ehour spas sl i kemi nut e si ft he yar ef ul l yi mme r s e d.Af i l m( t akeAv at ar f ore xampl e )hast heabi l i t yt oc ompl e t e l ye nv e l opeanaudi e nc ei nt hewor l doft hef i l m.
Ti mei snotapar tofagr e atf i l me xpe r i e nc ewhe r et hes t or yi st hef oc usandc apt ur i ngandhol di ngt heat t e nt i on.Addt ot hatI MAX’ sabi l i t yt os e r v euppanor ami cc i ne mai n3Dandy ouhav eas i mme r s i v eane xpe r i e nc easonec oul dwi s hf ori nc i ne ma. Suc c e s s f ule c omme r c es t or e shav eaf l owt hati sgoaldr i v e nandwi t hc l e ar l yde f i ne ds t e pst hat pr omot et hepas s ageoft heus e rt oane ndde s t i nat i on.Thebe t t e rt he s ef l ows ,t hehi ghe rt hes al e c onv e r s i onr at eduet oi t si mme r s i v epr ope r t i e sasanonl i nes hoppi nge xpe r i e nc e .For msne e d i mme di at ef e e dbac kt oke e pt heus e re ngage dands howt hatt heac t i onst ake nhav ebe e n r e gi s t e r e d.The s ei nt e r ac t i onsal s one e dt ogi v et heus e rt hec ompl e t es e ns eofc ont r ol ,ov e rt he i r ac t i onsandt hee nv i r onme ntt hatt he yaf f e c t . I mme r s i oni snotane xac ts c i e nc e ,butpe r hapsmor eofanar t .The r ei snotaf or mul af oran i mme r s i v ee xpe r i e nc et hatwi l lbeas uc c e s s .Se ns or ye xpe r i e nc e sc oupl e dwi t hc ogni t i v ee ngage me nts e e mt opr ov i det hebe s tt y peofmi x.Thehumanmi ndc anonl yt akei ns omuc ht hr ough t hef i v es e ns e s ,s oge t t i ngt hebal anc er i ghtwi t ht hemi ndoft heus e rbe i ngac t i v e l ye ngage di st he ans we rt oat r ul yi mme r s i v equal i t ye xpe r i e nc e .
Ment al model I nt hede s i gnofi nt e r f ac e st he r ear es y s t e m mode l s( hows y s t e mswor k)andi nt e r ac t i onmode l s ( howpe opl ei nt e r ac twi t ht hos es y s t e ms )t hati nc ombi nat i onpr e s e ntame nt almode lt ot he us e r . Thi si se i t he rc onf i r me dorde ni e dbyaus e rt hr ought he i rpe r s onale xpe r i e nc e( t hequal i t yof t he i rus e re xpe r i e nc ei nus i ngt hedi gi t alpr oduc t ) .Whati si mpor t anti st hatt hemode ly ou pr opos ef i t swi t ht he i rownpe r s onali nt e r pr e t at i on.Asaus e re xpe r i e nc ede s i gne ri ti ske yt ohav e bot hmode l si npl ac et ode s i gnas ol ut i ont hati se f f e c t i v ef r om aus e r ’ spe r s pe c t i v e( t he i nt e r ac t i onmode l )whi l s taddr e s s i ngt hene e dsoft hec l i e nt( t hes y s t e m mode l ) . Whe nde s i gni ngane f f e c t i v ewe bs t or ei ti sc r i t i c alt ounde r s t andhowt hef ac t or ypr oduc e st he goods ,howt he yde l i v e rt he m andt hel e ngt hoft i mei tt ake st or e ac ht hec us t ome r .Al lt he s e f ac t or sne e dt obebui l twi t hi nt hes y s t e m mode lf ort hec l i e ntt ounde r s t andandt hatt he yr e s i de i nt hei nt e r ac t i onmode lr e v e al e dt ot heus e ri nt hei nt e r f ac e .Onl yt hr ought hor ought e s t i ngc an t hede s i gnbec onf i r me dasonet heus e r sar ehappywi t h,i not he rwor dst hati tf i t st he i rme nt al mode lofwhatt hewe bs hops houl dbef r om t he i rc us t ome rpe r s pe c t i v e .
De s i gnpat t e r nsar ee f f e c t i v e l yi nt e r ac t i onmode l st hatar ee s t abl i s he di nus e r ’ smi ndsofhow c e r t ai nope r at i onss houl dwor k.I ft he r ear emode l sav ai l abl ei ti sadv i s abl et ous et hos easa s t ar t i ngpoi nt .Buti ti sl i ke l yt haty ours pe c i f i cc l i e ntwi l lhav eauni quene e dt hati sr e f l e c t e di n t he i rs y s t e m mode landne e dsr e f l e c t i onont heus e r ' si nt e r ac t i onwi t hi t .I ti sbe t t e rnott ous ean e xi s t i ngmode li fi ti snot hi ngmor et hanc onv e ni e nt .Ane xac tf i tbe t we e nbot hmode l si sne c e s s ar yf ort heopt i mals ol ut i on.
Per f or manc ev sPr ef er enc e Fr om aus abi l i t ys t andpoi nt–pe r hapst hemos tc ommonmi s t akebus i ne s s e smake ,i sas s umi ng t hatbe c aus et heus e rde c l ar e sapr e f e r e nc ef ors ome t hi ngi tdoe s n' tne c e s s ar i l yme ant he y pe r f or m be t t e rwhe nus i ngt he i rpr oduc tors e r v i c e . Pe opl ear epooratal i gni ngwhatt he yf e e lt he ywantorne e dandwhatwi l lac t ual l yi mpr ov et he i r
abi l i t yt ous eapr oduc t .Commonl ype opl epr e f e rde s i gnst hatwi l lnothe l pt he m ac hi e v et hebe s t r e s ul t swhe nc ompar e dt oal t e r nat i v e s .The ywi l lbeadamantt hatt hepr oduc tt he yc hos ei st he be s t . Thebe s twayt oge tar oundi ti st oobs e r v et heus e rac t ual l yus i ngt hepr oduc twi t houtanyi nt e r v i e wt e c hni que ,buti nt he i rc ont e xtofus eandobs e r v i ng( noti nt e r ac t i ngwi t h)t hes ubj e c t .The mos ti mpor t antmat t e ri st onotr e c or dwhatt he ys ayt he ydo,butwhatt he yac t ual l yhav edone . Thebe s tpr oduc t shav et hi st y peofr e s e ar c hbe hi ndt he m,bybe i nge mbe dde dwi t ht heus e ri n t hec ont e xtf orwhi c ht hede s i gni sme ant .Thi sal l owst heappr opr i at el e v e l sofi ns i ghtr e qui r e dt o makei nf or me dde s i gnde c i s i ons .
Rec ogni t i onov err ec al l Ape r s on' sme mor yi smor el i ke l yt or e c ogni z ee l e me nt st hanr e c al lt he m ands ode s i gnsne e dt o r e f l e c tt hi sf ac t .Rat he rt hane xpe c t i ngaus e rt or e c al li nf or mat i on,i nt r oduc ede v i c e st ot r i gge r t heme mor y ,s uc hasi mage s ,wor dsors ounds .Whe ngi v i ngopt i onse ns ur et hatt hede c i s i onst he us e rmus tmakear eai de di ns omeway .
Thepowe rofbr andshav et heabi l i t yt omakec us t ome r sc hoos et he i rpr oduc t sbe c aus et he y r e c ogni z ei tr at he rt hanr e c al lanunknown,be t t e rqual i t y ,c ompe t i t or .He nc et heabi l i t yofbe i ng r e c ogni z e dc ar r i e ss i gni f i c antv al uei nt hemar ke t pl ac e .Wi t hi nanope r at i ngs y s t e m,pr ogr ams hav ebe c omeme r e l yi c onsonat as kbar–s uc hi st hequi c ke rabi l i t yoft hehumanmi ndt o r e c ogni z ei mage r yov e rr e c al l i ngpr ogr am t y pe s .
Vi s ua l De s i gn
Vi s ualde s i gni spe r hapst hemos ti mme di at e l ye mot i v ei ngr e di e ntt oaus e r ’ se xpe r i e nc e .Se e i ng i sbe l i e v i ng,andwhatoure y e ss e ei mme di at e l yt e l l susi fwee i t he rl i keordi s l i kewhatt he yar e r e c e i v i ng.I thasas wayont heot he r5e l e me nt soft heUXf r ame wor kbybe i ngv e r yt angi bl eand c r e at i ngani ns t antf e e l i ngi nape r s on.AsUXde s i gne r swene e dt obeawar eoft hei mpor t anc eof v i s ualde s i gnasadoor wayt oi nc or por at et heot he re qual l yi mpor t antf ac e t si nourwor k.Vi s ual de s i gn,l i kei tornot ,i ss t i l lki ngt hef i r s tf e ws e c ondst hataus e ri nt e r ac t swi t hapr oduc tor s e r v i c e .
SaulBas s ,t hel e ge ndar ygr aphi cde s i gne randf i l m make r ,de s c r i be dde s i gnas‘ t hi nki ngmade v i s ual ’ .I nmanyway sv i s ualde s i gns houl dc ommuni c at et hemor ec ompl e xc ons i de r at i onsofa s ol ut i oni nani mme di at e l yac c e s s i bl eway .
Aes t het i cus abi l i t y Thi nkaboutawe bs i t ey oul i keandt he r ear epr obabl yagoodde alofv i s ualde s i gnt hathe l psy ou unde r s t andi t sc ont e ntbe t t e r ,whati tof f e r sandhowe as yi ti sf ory out ous e . Ae s t he t i cus abi l i t yi saqual i t yt hatar guabl yAppl ehav emadev e r ymuc hpar toft he i rpr oduc t of f e r i ng.Cons i de rt he i rmos ts uc c e s s f ulde v i c e s( i Mac ,i Pod,i Phoneandi Pad)andt he r ei san i mme di at eat t r ac t i oni nge t t i ngt oknowt hepr oduc t ,e v e nbe f or ey our e al l yknowwhati tc ando. Ast he r ei sane mot i v ec onne c t i on( oneofde l i ghtori nt r i gue )i taf f or dst hepr oduc tal e v e lof f or gi v e ne s swi t hi nt heus e rwhe nt hepr oduc tors y s t e mf ai l s .
Wec anal s os e et hi si nmanywe bs i t e st oday ,t heWhal ef ai lofTwi t t e rbe i nganot abl eone .Ast he we bs i t eaboutt hei mages ay s :
"Thi si magebri ngsahumant oucht oamomentoff rust rat i on…" Anat t r ac t i v ede s i gni si ni t i al l ype r c e i v e dasbe i nge as i e rt ous eandt e ndst ogar ne ral oy al t yand f or gi v e ne s si naus e rgr oupt hatpr omot e spos i t i v er e l at i onsbe t we e nt hepr oduc tandt hepe r s on.
Al i gnment Ani ngr e di e ntofae s t he t i cus abi l i t y ,par t i c ul ar l yi nwe bpage sors c r e e nbas e di nt e r f ac e s ,al i gnme nti sade s i gnpr i nc i pl et hati sof t e ne i t he rov e r l ooke dorc ons i de r e das t andar das pe c tofgood de s i gn.Howe v e ri tdoe swar r ants pe c i alc ons i de r at i one s pe c i al l yasi t si mpor t anc ei st her e as on whyt hegr i di ss uc hade f ac t os t andar di npagede s i gn,f orbot ht heof f l i neandonl i newor l ds .As al i gnme nti st henor m,e l e me nt sonapaget hatbr e akoutc aus ev i s ualt e ns i ont hee xc e pt i on c r e at e saf oc usonane l e me ntont hepage .
Thi si sagoode xampl eofas i t et hatus e sagr i dbut ,wi t ht heus eofgr aphi c sandj uxt apos i t i on, br e aksi twi t hv i s ualt r i c ke r y .Ev e nus i ngas mal lc ol ourpal e t t ei te f f e c t i v e l ydoe si t sj obofe ngagi ngt heus e rande nc our agi ngi nt e r ac t i on.Thev i s ualde s i gngi v e sdy nami s m.
Thec ont e ntoft hes i t ei sf ort heDi gi t alRe s e ar c hCe nt r ei nDubl i nbutt hes i t egoe ss omewayi n ge t t i ngy oui nt e r e s t e dwaybe f or ey ous t ar tt or e adt hec ont e nt .
Col our De s pi t emanype opl ebe i ngc ol ourbl i ndi ts t i l lhasake yr ol ei ngi v i ngme ani ngt oe l e me nt sona s c r e e nori nt hephy s i c alwor l d.Col our ,andi mpor t ant l yhueands at ur at i on,hav ee f f e c t sont he wayi nt e r f ac e sar eus e dandpe r c e i v e dbyus e r s .Cont r as tgi v e sus e r sagui de :t hemor es at ur at e d t hehueofac ol our ,t hehi ghe rt hepr i or i t y .Si mi l arc ont r as tt y pe sar es e e naspar toft hes ame gr oupori mpor t anc e .Theus eofc ont r as ti sani ngr e di e nt sofv i s ualde s i gnt hati snot i mme di at e l yt hemos tnot i c e abl ebutoneoft hemos tnot abl et oat t r ac tat t e nt i onandpr oduc e f oc usi naus e r .
Thede s i gne r sofBar ac kObama’ swe bs i t eagoni s e df orday sov e rt hec or r e c ts hadeofbl uet hat woul dc omet obes y nony mouswi t ht hec ampai gnande v e nt ual l yt heObamabr and.
Thr oughoutt hes i t e ,t heus eofke yc ol our s ,f orc al l st oac t i on,ar eus e ds t r at e gi c al l yt oe i t he r pr omptorpe r s uade( t her e dhe r eus e ds par i ngl y )ort oe duc at eandi nf or m( t hemut e dbl uegr e y i nt her i ghthandc ol umn) . Theac t ualc ol ourpal e t t ei sl i mi t e dandc or r e c tc ol ourus ages houl dal way sbeus e di nt hi sway . Toomuc hc ol ourv ar i at i onpr oduc e sv i s ualnoi s eandc onf us i on.
Cons i s t enc y Thes i t eme nt i one dabov eal s oe xhi bi t sc ons i s t e nc yonahugeandi nt r i c at es c al e .Thee l e me nt s wi t hi nt hede s i gnar epar tofal ar ge rc odet hatc ommuni c at e same ani ngt hati sc ons i s t e ntac r os s al lt ouc hpoi nt s .I nt hi sc as et hef ontwasus e dt hr oughoutt hec ampai gnf r om s i gnst oc apt i onst o al lt y pe sofv i s ualc ommuni c at i on.I ti sagr e atwayt omai nt ai nf oc usont heme s s ageandt he s e nde r .Bymai nt ai ni ngt heme s s aget hr oughoutt hephy s i c alwor l di ti sas ubt l es t ampofqual i t y t hatunde r pi nsmanygoodus e re xpe r i e nc e s .
Gol denr at i o Toe nhanc et heae s t he t i cqual i t yofanobj e c tori nt e r f ac ede s i gnt hegol de nr at i oi sagood pr i nc i pl et oe xpl or el ar ge l ybe c aus eofi t spr e v al e nc ei nnat ur e ,ar tandar c hi t e c t ur e .
Ar e aswhe r ev i s ualappe alhav ebe e nl onge s t abl i s he dandunque s t i one dc anpr ov i deagoodbas i s t oe xpl or ei nde s i gnswhe r eot he rf ac t or sar enotc ompr omi s e d.The r ei ss ome t hi ngs i mpl i s t i c , nat ur alandappe al i ngaboutde s i gnt hate xhi bi t st her at i oof0. 61 8wi t hi ni t sf or m.I tgi v e sv i s ual bal anc eandmake st hede s i gni ne xpl i c abl yi nt e r e s t i ng.
Hi ghl i ght i ngandLegi bi l i t y Ty pogr aphy ,f onts i z eands t y l ec angui deaus e rwhe nus e dwe l lorl e adt oc onf us i onwhe ni ti s n’ t us e dc ons i s t e nc y .Pr e s e nt i ngame s s agei napar t i c ul arwayc anr e i nf or c et hei mpac toft heme s s age .Ens ur i ngi ti se as yt or e adandus e st heappr opr i at ef onts i z ehe l psi nge t t i ngt heme s s age ac r os s .I nmanyc as e st hei nt e l l i ge ntandar t f ulus eoft y pogr aphydoe st hi sj obbr i l l i ant l yasi t i mpl i c i t l yc ons i de r sl e gi bi l i t yandac c e s s i bl et e xtaspar tofi t sr e mi t .Thati sobv i ous l ywhe ni t ' s pur pos ei st oc onv e yame s s ageandnotmakeas t at e me nt .
Youmaynotagr e ewi t ht hi ss t at e me ntf r om t heI nf or mat i onAr c hi t e c t sbuty ouc annotde nyt he powe roft y pogr aphyt onotonl yde l i v e rt heme s s agewi t hc l ar i t ybutal s owi t hme ani ng. The s ear ej us twor dsbutt hes t r e ngt hoft y pe ,c ol our ,s t y l eands i z egi v et hes t at e me ntmor ede pt h andaut hor i t y . Whe nawe bs i t eori nt e r f ac ehasl e gi bi l i t ypr obl e msi ti sof t e ni ns t ant l yr e v i l e d.Pe opl ede s e r v ea bas i cl e v e lofac c e s s i bi l i t yandt hi sar e ai sonet opayat t e nt i ont of i r s twhe nt hi nki ngaboutv i s ual de s i gnf ori mpr ov e dus e re xpe r i e nc e s .
Modul ar i t y Thes t r e ngt hofmodul arde s i gni sane v e r pr e s e nti nwe bpage sandwe bappl i c at i ons .Smal l e r s e r v i c e sorappl i c at i onst hatf or m al ar ge r ,mor ec ompl e xs y s t e m hav er e al l yf oundt he i rni c hei n t hei Phoneandc ont r i but et ot hes uc c e s soft hepr oduc t .Hi ghl ybe s pokeandt ai l or e dus e re xpe r i e nc e sar eac hi e v abl ebyof f e r i ngt hepl at f or mt hatc anbeadj us t e dt oi ndi v i dualus e rne e ds . Pe r s onal i s at i oni sac hi e v abl egi v i ngmuc hmor ee ngagi nge xpe r i e nc e s .Thev i s ualde s i gns houl d ac c ommodat et hi sne e d.
Oc c am' sr az or Thi spr i nc i pl es t at e st hatt heunne c e s s ar yabundanc eoff e at ur e sde c r e as et hee f f e c t i v e ne s soft he de s i gne ds ol ut i on.Thee f f e c t soft hi si se as i l ys e e ni nmanymobi l ephone s ’ f e at ur e s .I ft wo s ol ut i onsar epl ac e ds i debys i de ,andbot har ee quali nt e r msofwhatt he yc ande l i v e rbutonei s s i mpl eandt heot he ri sc ompl e x,t he nt hede s i gnt hate xhi bi t ss i mpl i c i t ywi nsbe c aus ei ti s pr ac t i c al .
Be f or et hei Phonec ameal ong,t heFl i pv i de oc ame r awasoneoft hebe s ts e l l e r sonAmaz onand par tofi t ss uc c e s swasi t ' snof r i l l spoi nt ands hootc apabi l i t y .Al lnone s s e nt i alf e at ur e shav e be e nr e mov e dands t r i ppe ddownt ot hepowe rbut t on,r e c or d,pl ay ,de l e t e ,z oom,l e ns ,mi c r ophoneands pe ake r .Theonl yot he rf e at ur e sar ea2i nc hs c r e e nandUSBar m.
Pr oxi mi t yandSi mi l ar i t y Par t soft heGe s t al tpr i nc i pl e sofpe r c e pt i on-pr oxi mi t yi sbas e dont hepr e mi s et hatwhe n e l e me nt sar egr oupe dorc l us t e r e dt oge t he rt he yar ec ons i de r e dr e l at e dt ooneanot he randt hos e whi c har es pac e dapar tar ec ons i de r e dunr e l at e d.Whe nt hi si sus e dwe l l ,i thast hepowe rt o c onv e yme ani ngi nawayt hati si ns t antandmayov e r r i deot he rpr i nc i pl e st hatar epr e s e ntona page .Fort hi sr e as ont hegr oupi ngofe l e me nt sne e dst obec ons i de r e dc ar e f ul l yandwi l lof t e n ne e dt owor kal ongs i deot he rpr i nc i pl e s .TheFr i t zHans e nwe bs i t egr oupsf ur ni t ur ebyt y peand e nc our age sani nt e r ac t i onwi t ht hee l e me nt s .
Thi ss i t eal s ous e ss i mi l ar i t y-t hev i s uall ookofobj e c t sr e s e mbl i nge ac hot he rwhi c hpr oduc e sa f e e l i ngofbe l ongi ngt ooneanot he r( e v e nt hought hef ur ni t ur ehasbe e nde s i gne dbydi f f e r e nt de s i gne r s ) .St r onge s tgr oupi nge f f e c t sar es e e nwi t he l e me nt st hatus es i mi l arc ol our sands hape s . I nt hi si ns t anc et hes amepe r s pe c t i v eandus eofne ut r alc ol our sgi v eaf e e l i ngofc ohe s i v e ne s s .
Symmet r y Si monPage ’ si l l us t r at i onc apt ur e st heat t r ac t i v equal i t i e sofs y mme t r i c alf or mst hatar eof t e n s e e ni nnat ur e .Sy mme t r i c ale l e me nt sar r ange dt omakeapat t e r nofr e f l e c t i on,t r ans i t i onor r ot at i oni sani ns t ant l yr e c ogni z abl ewayt oac hi e v eagr e atae s t he t i cqual i t y ,andof t e nbe aut y .
Si monPagei sav i s ualde s i gne rwho manage st ohav et hati nnat eabi l i t yt o pr oduc es t unni ngv i s ualde s i gns .So muc hs o,Iwonde rwhathi swor kwoul d l ookl i kei fhede s i gne dani nt e r f ac ef or ac l i e nt . Woul di tbeus abl e ?Woul di tbe or gani z e dc or r e c t l y ,orc ommuni c at ei n t heus e r ’ sl anguage ?Woul di tgi v ea gr e ate xpe r i e nc e ?Ihav eaf e e l i ngt hati t woul d,be c aus eofhi sabi l i t yasav i s ual de s i gne r . Vi s ualde s i gni ss oi mpor t antbe c aus e wear ee as i l ys t i mul at e dandmani pul at e dbyv i s ualc ue s .Anawar e ne s sof t hi si mpor t antt he met oane xpe r i e nc e f r ame wor ki se s s e nt i alandi fwear e c al l i ngour s e l v e sUXde s i gne r swene e d t oc ons i de rt hi sasac or epar tofour t ool box. Thene xts e c t i oni saboutwhatmanyc ons i de rt obet hec or eofUX,name l yus abi l i t yofi nt e r f ac e s ands y s t e ms .
Us a bi l i t y
Tos ome ,us abi l i t yi sadef ac t os t andar dofgoodde s i gn,buts adl ymuc hofwhati spr oduc e df ai l s i nt hi sar e a,andnotj us ti ndi gi t alde s i gn.Pr oduc t s ,bui l di ngs ,v e hi c l e sandur banpl anni ngof t e n l ac ks uf f i c i e ntc ons i de r at i onoft hehumanbe i ng. Us abi l i t yhasbe c omet hee as ybatt owi e l di nt heboar dr oom -pr i mar i l yt ohe l pgai ns pons or s hi p. I ti st hee l e me ntofUXt hati se as yt ounde r s t andandv e r yt r ans par e ntt os e e .Somuc hs o,t hat us abi l i t yandr e s e ar c hc ons ul t anc i e shav ebe c omewi de s pr e adandar et hr i v i ng-s e r v i ngupe ndl e s sr e c omme ndat i onsande xpe r tr e v i e wst oc ompani e st hatf e e lt he yne e dt oi mpr ov eont he i r us e r ' se xpe r i e nc e . Thec hal l e nget ot hos ewhoac t ual l yde s i gni st oac c e ptt hatt hi spar toft hej obi sane c e s s i t yand unav oi dabl e ,andmus tbel e ar ntandal way sc ons i de r e d.Tonothav eas oundappr e c i at i onof us abi l i t yl e av e sapr opos e ds ol ut i onope nt oat t ac kf r om anys our c e .Manyt i me sde s i gnas pi r at i onsar es hotdownbe c aus eoft he' i t ' snotbe s tpr ac t i c e ' s t at e me nt .Thi si swhyus abi l i t yhasa badnamei nde s i gnc i r c l e s ,andt os omee xt e ntr ubsof font oot he rar e asofUX.
Howe v e r ,us abi l i t yi st hes t ar t i ngpoi nt ,andwhe npl ac e dal ongs i dec ont e xt ,i tbe c ome sapos i t i v e de s i gnc ons t r ai nt .Pl ay e dr i ght ,andqual i t yde s i gnc anbeac hi e v e dt hats e r v e smanype opl ee as i l y whi l s ts t i l lbe i ngbe aut i f ul ,s howi nge l e ganc eands i mpl i c i t y .Thede s i gne re mbr ac i ngus abi l i t y wi l lr e war dt heus e re v e r yt i met he yus et hepr oduc t .Thati st hegoalofanyde s i gne r ,t opr oduc e ame ani ngf ule xpe r i e nc ebyal l owi ngape r s ont ous eat ool ,s e r v i c eorpr oduc twi t ht hemi ni mum off r i c t i on. Pe opl e ' si nt e r ac t i onwi t hc omput e r smus tr e l yoni nc r e as e dus abi l i t ybe c aus ei ti sanabs t r ac t e xpe r i e nc e .Thede s i gne rmus tas s umet hatt heus e rnav i gat e s ,i nt e r ac t swi t handc ont r ol sa de v i c ewi t houthe l pf r om anot he rhuman.AsUXde s i gne r st hi smake sus abi l i t yc or et oour de s i gnpr ac t i c e . Thef ol l owi ngpr i nc i pl e se xpl or ear e asofus abi l i t yt hathav edi r e c ti mpac tont hequal i t yofa pe r s on' se xpe r i e nc e .
Wayfindi ng Fi ndi ngy ourwayt hr oughawe bs i t et ot he i rs i gnuppageormaki ngy ourwayt hr oughac i t yt o ge tt oy ourhot e l-t hepr i nc i pl e sofwayf i ndi ngar et hes ame .Fourphas e sar epr e s e nt ;or i e nt at i on,r out ede c i s i on,r out emoni t or i ngandde s t i nat i onr e c ogni t i on. Tr ans por tf orLondonf e l tt heMay orofLondon' sv e r ypubl i cf r us t r at i onwhe nhede mande dt hat ar e de s i gne dt ubemapwi t houtt heThame sdi s pl ay e ds houl dbes c r appe dandt heol doner e i ns t at e d.Tor e mov eaphy s i c alat t r i but es uc hast heThame sont hi swhol l yabs t r ac t ,ge ogr aphi c al l y i nac c ur at emap,wase nought oc aus epubl i cout r age . I ti l l us t r at e showwene e da r e f e r e nc epoi nt–e v e ni nan abs t r ac tr e pr e s e nt at i ont ogi v e c l ar i t yandme ani ng.Butt hes t or y al s or e pr e s e nt st hatt heobj e c t ,be i tmapors i gn,t ake sonan e mot i onals i gni f i c anc et ot he pe r s onwhous e si t .
Theproposedmapoft heLondont ubenet work
Therei nst at edThamesf eat uresont hemap The r ei sanat t ac hme ntt oi tbe c aus et heobj e c the l psi nat t ai ni ngourgoal s ,andt he s egoal sc ar r y ape r s onalv al ue .Amapors i gnt hati se s t abl i s he dc annotbec hange ddr amat i c al l ywi t hout di s t ur banc et ot heus e r .Thes ameappl i e st oe s t abl i s he dnav i gat i one l e me nt si nwe bs i t e sor appl i c at i ons .
Fl exi bi l i t yUs abi l i t yTr adeoff Themor ef l e xi bl eas y s t e m be c ome st hel e s sus abl ei tt e ndst obe .Thi st r ade of fc anbes e e ni n mobi l ephone sandc ame r ast hatar ef e at ur er i c h.Thedi f f i c ul t yofus et e ndst oi nc r e as ewi t ht he adde d‘ f l e xi bi l i t y ’ oft hepr oduc t .Ov e rt i met hef l e xi bl enat ur ebe c ome smor es pe c i al i s e dast he us e rne e dsbe c omemor ede f i ne di nc us t ome rs e gme nt s .The i re xpe r i e nc eoft hepr oduc ti s opt i mi s e dandasar e s ul tni c hepr oduc t sors e r v i c e sbe c omemor epr e v al e nt .Whe nr e s e ar c h de f i ne st hos ene e ds ,apr oduc ti spr oduc e dt hatmays e e m ami s t aket ot hos ec us t ome r sout s i de t het ar ge tmar ke t .
Sony ’ sr e c e ntpubl i c i s e dwor kwi t hGoogl ehasr e s ul t e di nt hi sc r e at i on.I ti saf i nee xampl eof how,whe nf l e xi bi l i t yi spus he dt ot hel i mi t( i nt hi sc as eaQWERTYke y boar dat t ac he dt oat v r e mot ec ont r ol ) ,us abi l i t yi ss odi mi ni s he di nawayt hati tpot e nt i al l yr e nde r st heobj e c tus e l e s s . Er gonomi c al l yi tappe ar st obeunc omf or t abl e ,andbyl ooki ngatt het humbsi nt hephot onot unl i ket y pi ngi nt oapoc ke t c al c ul at or .
Gar bagei ngar bageout Thi spr i nc i pl ec onc e r nspr obl e msoft y peandqual i t yi nt hec ol l at i onofi nf or mat i on.I nt heonl i ne wor l dt hi si st y pi c al l ys e e ni nf or m de s i gn.Cl ar i f y i ngt het y peofdat ac anbede f i ne dbyt he c ons t r ai nt saf f or de dbyde s i gne l e me nt s( i nputf i e l ds ,dr opdownl i s t se t c ) .Qual i t yofi nf or mat i on c anbede t e r mi ne dbyv e r i f i c at i onc he c ksanddi s t i nc ti ns t r uc t i onsr e l at i ngt ot hear e asunde r c ur r e ntf oc usi nt hef or m.
Thi sf or mi sagr e ate xampl eofpoorl ay outwhi c h,r e gar dl e s soft het y peofi nputf i e l ds ,wi l lhav e ane f f e c tont hee f f i c i e nc yoft hef or mt oc ol l e c tus e f uldat a.I ti se xt r e me l yi mpor t antt obal anc e t heus abi l i t yofaf or m wi t ht her e qui r e me nt sofdat at hatt hef or m mus ts uppl y .Whe r el ar ge r amount sar er e qui r e d,br e akdownt hedat ae nt r yi nt os t e ps .Re v e alt hene c e s s ar ydat ai ns t age s t ot heus e randus ev i s ualc ue st oc ommuni c at epr ogr e s s .
Per f or manc el oad Compl e xi t yi sanunav oi dabl ee l e me ntwhe ni nv ol v e di nt hepr oc e s sofde s i gni ngas ol ut i on.As c omput e r sbe c omei nc r e as i ngl ype r v as i v ei ns oc i e t yt heamountofdat at hatwi l lbemanage dand t r ans mi t t e dwi l lgi v eani nc r e as i ngpr e s s ur eont heus e rt of i l t e r ,r at i onal i s eandac tuponi nf or mat i onc ommuni c at e dt ot he m.Thi spr i nc i pl ec anbedi v i de di nt oc ogni t i v eandki ne t i cl oad.
Cogni t i vel oadr e f e r st ot heamountoft houghtr e qui r e dt oac hi e v eagoal .Wi t hs c r e e nbas e d s y s t e mst hi sl ar ge l yde pe ndsonr e adi ngandunde r s t andi ngwr i t t e nt e xt .Thef or m abov ehasa hi ghde gr e eofc ogni t i v el oad.I ti l l us t r at e st hati ti spr ude ntt oke e pe mai l ss hor t ,aspe opl et e nd nott or e adduet ot hec ogni t i v es t r e s sofdi ge s t i ngl ar geamount sofi nf or mat i on. Ki net i cl oadi st hephy s i c ale f f or tr e qui r e dt oc ompl e t eat as k.Wi t ht ouc ht e c hnol ogy ,e v e n pus hi ngke y shasbe e nr e pl ac e dbyat apongl as s .Di mme rs wi t c he sar enote v e ndi al st ot ur n any mor e-ki ne t i cl oadi ss ome t hi ngpr oduc tde s i gne r sar ee xt r e me l yawar eof .Sof t war es y s t e ms s houl dal s or e pl i c at et hi sat t e nt i ont ode t ai l ,e ns ur emi ni mals c r ol l i ng,andt hel e as tnumbe rof c l i c kst oge taj obdone .
Vi s i bi l i t y I ndi c at i ngas y s t e m’ ss t at ust oaus e r ,t hepos s i bl ei nt e r ac t i onsandt her e s ul t soft he i ri nput si s de s c r i be dasv i s i bi l i t y .Re v e al i ngi nf or mat i onatt her e l e v antmome nt ,i ske yt oaus e rr e s pondi ng andac t i ngoni nf or mat i oni nt hequi c ke s tt i me .Toomuc hi nf or mat i onort oomanyopt i onswi l l c r e at ec onf us i onandde l ay .Cont e xts e ns i t i v i t yofas y s t e m al l owst hi st ohappe n,i nf l ue nc i ngt he i nt e r f ac et or e s pondde pe ndi ngont hes i t uat i on.
Das hboar dswe r eor i gi nal l ye xampl e sofe f f i c i e ntde s i gn.Thebas i cme c hani c sofac arme antonl y ac e r t ai namountofi nf or mat i onwoul de v e rbedi s pl ay e d.Car smadei nt hel as tc e nt ur yhada c l ar i t yt hatmode r nmanuf ac t ur e r sf i ndhar dt oe mul at e .
Wi t ht headde dc ompl e xi t yofhy br i dmot or i ngt he r eappe ar st obeat r e ndt oe mul at eas mar t phonei nt e r f ac eont hedas hboar d.Thec ons c i ous ne s soft hede s i gnt e am t owar dst het e c hnol ogi c aladv anc e me ntoft hec arpe r v ade si nt ot hedas hboar d’ sde s i gn.Not et hewar ni ngl i ght sar e s e par at ee nt i t i e sabov et hee l e c t r oni cdi s pl ayhe r e .I si tbe c aus et hev i s i bi l i t yoft he s ee s s e nt i al i t e msc oul dbedi l ut e dbyt hee l e c t r oni cdas h? Thee l e c t r oni car e ai st ohe l pt hemot or i s tf i gur eoutt he i rmos te c ol ogi c al l ye f f i c i e ntwayof mot or i ng.Thef arr i ghtoft hes c r e e ngr owsani mageofav i nef ore c of r i e ndl ymot or i ngandki l l s of ft hepl anti fe xc e s sf ue li sbe i ngus e d.TheFor dFus i onphy s i c al l ys e par at e swar ni ngsf r om i nf or mat i onhe r e .
Layer i ng Whe nc onv e y i ngr e l at i ons hi psbe t we e ngr oupsofi nf or mat i ont hel ay e r i ngappr oac hal l owsa bui l dofc ompl e xi nf or mat i ongr oupsar oundanobj e c t .Thi nkoft hewe at he rmapasas i mpl e
i l l us t r at i onoft hi s .Theobj e c tbe i ngt hephy s i c als at e l l i t ev i e woft hege ogr aphi c all oc at i on.The i mage sde s c r i bet hel ay e r sofai rpr e s s ur e ,t e mpe r at ur eandc l oudc ov e rpl ac e dov e ri t .Notonl y doe sl ay e r i nghe l pmanagec ompl e xi t ybybr e aki ngdownc ompl e xdat ai nt os t age s ,butby gr oupi ngi nf or mat i ont oge t he ri tc anal s or e i nf or c et her e l at i ons hi pbe t we e nt hei nf or mat i on t y pe s .
Twodi me ns i onall ay e r i ngc anbes e que nt i al( l i ne ar ) ,andc anbeus e dt omanagec ompl e xi t yby i nt r oduc i ngt hec ont e nti ns t age swi t hc ont e xtc hangi nge as i l y .I tc anal s obenonl i ne r ,f ore xampl ehi e r ar c hi c al( s i t es t r uc t ur edi agr am) ,par al l e l( s wi ml ane s )orwe bl i ke .Thr e e di me ns i onal l ay e r i ngus e st r ans par e ntl ay e r st oi nt r oduc ec onc e pt uali de asar oundapar t i c ul arc ont e xtt hat doe snotc hange .
Ac c es s i bi l i t y Ofal lt hepr i nc i pl e si nt hee xpe r i e nc ede s i gnf r ame wor k,ar guabl yt hemos ti mpor t antone ,has be e nl e f tunt i ll as t .Wi t houtt hi spr i nc i pl eofac c e s s i bi l i t ybe i ngac knowl e dge dandadhe r e dt o,t he wor l dwoul dbeamuc hmor ef r us t r at i ng,andpot e nt i al l ydange r ouspl ac et ol i v ei n.Thef our e l e me nt sbe l ow,de f i nei fas ol ut i oni sac c e s s i bl eornot ,andi fbar r i e r sar epr e s e ntt ous e r st hat i nhi bi t st he i rus ageofapr oduc t .Addr e s s i ngac c e s s i bi l i t ygoe ss omewayi npr oduc i ngnat ur al l y us abl epr oduc t s .
Per c ept i bi l i t y Cant hede s i gnbepe r c e i v e di r r e s pe c t i v eofs e ns or yc apabi l i t i e s ?Commonway st oaddr e s st hi si s t omakes e ns or yal e r t s( v i s ualandaudi t or y )whe nanac t i oni spe r f or me d.Fr om t hedoor sofa t r ai nt ot heal e r tboxofac omput e rs y s t e m,s oundandv i s ualal e r t sar eus e d.Phy s i c alobj e c t sc an bemademor epe r c e pt i v et ot ouc hbyus i ngs i z eandt e xt ur e .Onl i nee l e me nt sc anus et heALTt ag andc odes t r uc t ur eoft hepagec ane ns ur es c r e e nr e ade r sf oc usonc ont e ntandnots upe r f l uous gr aphi ci t e ms .
Oper abi l i t yandSi mpl i c i t y
Thi sPar i sMe t r ot i c ke tmac hi nehasal ar ges pi nni ngr ol l e rt hatc ont r ol st hes c r e e nabov eand t wov e r yl ar gebut t onse i t he rs i det oc anc e lorac c e ptc ue sons c r e e n.Themac hi neal s ot al kst o t heus e r ,i spos i t i one ds oas i t t i ngpe r s onc ans t i l lope r at ei tandi shi ghl ys e ns i t i v e–s ot her ol l e r c anmov ewi t ht hemi ni mum ofphy s i c ale f f or t .Thede s i gni smar r e dbyt hec r e di tc ar dar e abe i ng pos i t i one dupandawayf r om t hef oc usar e a,butge ne r al l yi ti sope r abl et omul t i pl eus e rt y pe s .I t al s omanage st oac hi e v es i mpl i c i t yast hec ont r oli nput sar es i mpl e ,andt hec hoi c e sc anbeunde r s t oodwi t ht heus eofpi c t or i ale l e me nt s ,t e xtandaudi o.Ev e nwi t houtknowl e dgeofFr e nc h,t he mac hi nec ans t i l lbeus e dt opr oduc eat i c ke t ,r e v e al i ngr e l e v ants t e pst oe ns ur et heus e rc ont i nue st hr ought hes al e sf l owandac hi e v e st he i rgoal .
For gi v enes s Whe nde s i gnsmi ni mi s et heoc c ur r e nc eandc ons e que nc eofe r r or st hede s i gne xhi bi t sf or gi v e ne s s .Re v e r s i bl eac t i ons( undo) ,c ont r ol st hatc anonl ybeus e di nt hec or r e c twayandt heus eof c onf i r mat i onsandc ons i s t e ntme s s agi ngal le ns ur et hats af e t yne t sar eav ai l abl ef ort heus e r( and t heabi l i t yt onotbepuni s he df ormaki nge r r or s ) .Epay me nts y s t e msc ons i s t e nt l ye ns ur et hat t he i rpay me nts y s t e mi sf or gi v i ngandgi v e sampl eoppor t uni t yt oal l owaus e rt ode c l i neorl e av e t hepr oc e s s .Thene xtt he mei nt heSi xCi r c l e si sI nt e r ac t i on.Theabi l i t yt oge tt hei nt e r f ac et o ac hi e v ewhaty oui nt e nde donc et heus abi l i t yofas ol ut i onhase i t he rbe e nanoni s s ueandbe e n nav i gat e dorwhe r et hee xas pe r at e dus e rhasf i nal l yov e r c omet hebade xpe r i e nc eandi ss t i l l hangi ngi nt he r e .
I nt e r a c t i on
Pe r hapst hemos twe l lknownanddomi nantas pe c tofUX,i thasbe e nde s c r i be das “t hedesi gnofbehavi or,posi t i onedasdi al oguebet weenapersonandanart i f act . Apersoncommonl ydoesn’ tt al kt oanobj ect ;t heyusei t ,t ouchi t ,mani pul at ei t , andcont roli t .Usage,t ouchi ng,mani pul at i onandcont rolareal ldi al ogi calact s, unspokenbutconversat i onal . ”–JonKol ko andal s o… “adesi gndi sci pl i nededi cat edt odef i ni ngt hebehavi orofart i f act s,envi ronment s, andsyst ems( i . e. ,product s) ”.-RobertRei mann Undoubt e dl yi nt e r ac t i onde s i gni sade s i gndi s c i pl i net hathasbe c omeade f i ni nge l e me ntofUX. Thought hepr e c e di ngt woquot e sas s e r tt heal i gnme ntwi t haus e r ’ sbe hav i ourt he ydos ohe r ei n r e l at i ont ot he i ri nt e r ac t i on( t hepe r s onandt hear t i f ac t ) .
Pr ogr es s i v edi s c l os ur e Goodi nt e r f ac e sdi s pl ayt hi sal lt het i me .Byonl yr e v e al i ngne c e s s ar yi nf or mat i onatas pe c i f i c poi ntont heus e rj our ne y ,orwi t hi nas pe c i f i cc ont e xt ,t het as kspr e s e nt e dar er e l e v ant .Thi si sa t y peofl ay e r i ng,buti nt hec as eoft hei nt e r f ac e ,t hel ay e r sar ei nt e r ac t i ons .I nt hephy s i c alwor l d wes e et hi se xhi bi t e donr oads i gnsaswer e ac hade s t i nat i on.I ns i gnupf or ms ,r e v e al i ngne c e s s ar ys t e psi ns t age st oal l owane as i e rr out et oc ompl e t i ngaf or m.
Affor danc e I nde s i gn,af f or danc ei sde f i ne dast hepr ope r t i e sanobj e c tore nv i r onme nthast hatde f i ne si t s us age .Thehamme ri sav e r ybas i ce xampl e .Forhi t t i ngnai l s ,i ti st hebe s tt oolf ort hej ob-a handl et opi c ki tupandahe av ye ndt ohi tanai lwi t h. I nwe bs i t ede s i gnaf f or danc ei spe r c e i v e dandde s c r i be showi nt e r ac t i v ee l e me nt ss howc as e f unc t i onal i t yandhowane l e me ntl ooksi ndi c at e sus e .Thei nputf i e l d,t hec ar ous e l ,t hes c r ol lbar al lhav eawayofde s c r i bi ngt he i ri nt e r ac t i v equal i t i e s .Buti ti si mpor t antt or e me mbe rt he yar e pe r c e i v e d,i not he rwor dspr i orknowl e dgehasbe e ngl e ane ds ome whe r ebe f or eaus e rf ul l y unde r s t andshowt he s ee l e me nt sac twi t hi nawe bbr ows e r . Thi si si mpor t antt oc ons i de rwhe nus i ngne wi nt e r ac t i v epar adi gms-t he r emaybenopr i or e xpe r i e nc et hataus e rc ant akef r om,whi c hwi l lr e s ul ti ni ni t i alpoorus abi l i t y .Howe v e rt he e xpe r i e nc eoft hepr oduc tmaye v e nt ual l ybebe t t e ronc et hei nt e r ac t i onhasbe e nl e ar nt . Ane xampl eofpe r c e i v e daf f or danc eandt hegl i t c hwi t h us abi l i t yc oul dbes e e ni n( t henowde f unc t )Googl eWav e ’ s s c r ol l bar .Thoughi twor ksal i t t l el i keanor mals c r ol l bar ,i t gr owswi t ht hel e ngt hofal i s tandhasane l as t i c i t yt oi t s be hav i our .Thepur pos ei st os av es pac ebuts e ewhatone us e rt hi nks ; ‘ I ' dbecont entwi t hanopt i ont ousenormalscrol l bars. Forme,t hei ssuei st hatscrol l barsareeasyand don' tneedt oberei nvent ed;att heri skofsoundi ngLuddi t esomehow ( t houghhow Luddi t ecanI be,bei ngaW aveearl yadopt er?)t herewasnot hi ngwrongwi t ht hest andardwi dget s,andGoogl e di dn' tneedt omakechanges. Second,t heybreakt herul eof"don' tmovet he cont rol saround. "Idon' twantt ohavet ogof i nd t hescrol larrowsagai n. Asi ti s,Iavoi dusi ngt hem wheneverpossi bl e. ’
Confir mat i on,Er r or sandFor gi v enes s Theav oi danc eofe r r or sonl i nei samaj orc ons i de r at i one s pe c i al l ywhe nonec ons i de r st he i nc r e as i ngl yi mpor t antr ol ewe bs i t e shav et opl ayi nt as kst hatar ei mpor t ant .Theonl i nev ot ef or age ne r ale l e c t i onmaynotbet oof arawaybutt hes y s t e mf ort hev ot i ngpape rwoul dne e dt obe de s i gne dt omi ni mi z eus e re r r or sandal l owaus e rt onav i gat eandbec l e ari nt he i rac t i ons . The s et hr e equal i t i e sar eal lc l os e l yl i nke dandar ei nf ac tr e l at e dt oaus e r ’ smi s t ake .I ti swi de l y ac c e pt e dt hate r r or swi l lbemade ,andt hes y s t e m mus tf or gi v et he s ef aul t s .Onewayi st oe ns ur e ac onf i r mat i ons t agei si ns t i l l e dbe f or eade l e t i onorapay me nt .Pas tt hi spoi ntofc onf i r mat i oni t i se as yt os e ehowt heus e r ’ se xpe r i e nc eofas e r v i c ec anber at e di nt e r msoff or gi v e ne s s .I fy ou hav emi s t ake nl ypai df orani t e m howe as yi si tt or e gai ny ourmone y ?I fy ouhav ede l e t e da r e c or dc any ouundo? Anopt i malpat t e r nofi nt e r ac t i onmay bet hatt heus e rde c i de sonanac t i on,t hes y s t e m as kst he us e rt oc onf i r mi t .Theus e rc onf i r msbutr e al i s e st he i re r r orandt hes y s t e m‘ f or gi v e s ’ t hemi s t ake byal l owi ngt he mt or e c t i f yt hei s s ue .Howmanys y s t e msdonotal l owt hi st ohappe n?Many onl i nebanks ,f ore xampl e ,wi l lnotr e v e r s eac onf i r me dpay me ntwi t houtac al lt oc us t ome r s e r v i c e s .
Fi t t sl aw Si z eandl oc at i onofi nt e r ac t i v ei t e ms( e gbut t ons )c ande not eane as eands pe e dofus e .The s mal l e randmor edi s t antt hear e aofi nt e r ac t i on,t hel onge ri tt ake st omov ef r om ar e s t i ng pos i t i ont ot het ar ge tandac c ur ac yi sal s oaf f e c t e di fs pe e danddi s t anc ei saf ac t or .Howe v e ri n t ouc hs c r e e nt e c hnol ogyt hee xt r adi me ns i onofwhaty ouar epoi nt i ngwi t h,( i nt hi sc as et he f i nge r )pl ay sapar ti nt hi spr i nc i pl e .Mov i ngobj e c t swi t ht hef i nge rc anbe c omet i r e s omei f r e pe t i t i v e ,andFi t t sLawagai npl ay sar ol ebyt hee ns ur i ngt hel e as tamountofe f f or ti sr e qui r e d whe ni nt e r ac t i ngwi t hani nt e r f ac e .
Cons t r ai nt s I nt hei nt e r f ac eaphy s i c alc ons t r ai nc anbes e e ni nt hes l i de rt os e l e c tappr opr i at epar ame t e r s ( pr i c eav ai l abl ef orf l i ght sf ore xampl e )ori nf or mi nputf i e l dswi t ht her adi obut t on( s e l e c tone ) ort hec he c kbox( s e l e c toneormanyofs e v e r alopt i ons ) .Thes c r e e ni sal s oaphy s i c alc ons t r ai nt andl e adst ot hei ne v i t abl ef r amee f f e c tont hede s i gnofapage .Howe v e rWi ndows7f ormobi l e andt hei Pads e et hes c r e e nmor easawi ndowt ol ookt hr oughatt hec ont e ntt hanaf r amet obe boundby .Us e dwe l lc ons t r ai nt swi l ls i mpl i f yandr e duc ee r r or sbyi mpr ov i ngus abi l i t y .
Cont r ol Thepr i nc i pl eofal l owi ngaus e rc ont r olov e ras y s t e mr e gar dl e s soft he i rpr of i c i e nc yore xpe r i e nc e .‘ Expe r t ’ mode sal l owadv anc e df e at ur e st obemadeus eofbuts houl dne v e ri nhi bi tt he mi ni mum r e qui r e me nt sofope r at i ngt hei nt e r f ac eandge t t i nge xpe c t e dr e s pons e sf r om i t .The adv anc e dus e ri sc ons i de r e dt hes e c ondar yaudi e nc ewhe r epopul ari nt e r f ac e s( s uc hasonawe b br ows e r )ar es e e n.
Fac e book( wi t haus e rbas eof800mi l l i on)hass t r uggl e dwi t hc onf us i onov e ri t ’ spubl i cand pr i v at es e t t i ngs .Thel i nebe t we e ns har e dandpr i v at ei nf or mat i oni sunde f i ne dandasar e s ul t di s c onc e r t i ngt ous e r s .I nane f f or tt oaddr e s st hi st hes e c ur i t ys e t t i ngshav eunde r gonear e de s i gn -t ogi v ec ont r olbac ki nawayt hati sc l e ar e rt ot heus e r . Manyf e e lt hatbyus i ngas e r v i c et he ys houl dnotf e e lv i ol at e dbyt he i ri nt e r ac t i onwi t hi tbut unf or t unat e l yasade s i gne xe r c i s et hef ai l i ngsar es t i l le v i de ntandhav el e dt omanygi v i ngup t he i rpr of i l e s .Thede s i gns t i l lf ai l st oc ommuni c at ee f f e c t i v e l ywhi c hpr i v ac ys e t t i ngsappl yt o ar e asofapr of i l eandatt het i meofwr i t i ngt hi spos t ,bas i ci nf or mat i onde s i gnr ul e shav es t i l lnot be e nobs e r v e d.
Cos tbenefit Ac t i v i t y( andi nt e r ac t i v i t y )wi l lbepur s ue dbyaus e ronl yi ft hebe ne f i t sar egr e at e rt hant hec os t s . Thec os t si nt hi sc as ear et y pi c al l yt i meandat t e nt i ons pe ntbyt heus e r .Adv e r t i s i ngi sat y pi c al annoy anc ebutonl ywhe nde e me di r r e l e v ant .I nt hepr ope rc ont e xtt hec os tbe ne f i ti si nc r e as e d andwi l ll i ke l yl e adt oi nc r e as e dr e s ul t s . Some t i me s ,asi nt hec as eofFl i c kr ,t het ool sde v e l ope de ndupbe i ngofmor ev al uet hant he pr oduc ti t s e l f .Fl i c krwasor i gi nal l yac ompone ntofGameNe v e r e ndi ng,anonl i nemul t i pl ay e r gamepr oduc e dbyt heCanadi anc ompanyLudi c or p.
Thei mages har i ngc ompone ntoft hegamebe c ameFl i c krasi twasde e me damor ef e as i bl e pr oj e c t .Thec os ti nv e s t e di npr oduc i ngane l e me ntoft hei nt e r f ac er e s ul t e di namas s i v ebe ne f i t
f ort hec ompanywhos ol dt oYahoo! Howe v e rt hi sgoodf or t unei sar ar i t yi nde s i gn,whe r ef e at ur e sof t he nhav el i t t l ec os tbe ne f i t ,ar e e xpe ns i v eanddr ai nr e s our c e sofade v e l opme ntgr oup.Onemus tbemi ndf uloft hei mpac tof s pe ndi nge ne r gyone l e me nt swi t hl i t t l edi s c e r ni bl ev al uet ot heus e r-t he yr unt her i s kofbe i ng e xpe ns i v edi s t r ac t i onsandpot e nt i al l yhar mf ult ot heus e re xpe r i e nc e . Suc hi st hee s t abl i s he dnat ur eoft hedi s c i pl i neofi nt e r ac t i onde s i gn,t haty ou e as i l yf or ge tt hat t hede s i gnpr i nc i pl e sati t sf oundat i onhav ebe e ni ne xi s t e nc easac or eofpr oduc tde s i gnf or de c ade s .I nt e r ac t i onasac ompone ntofUXi sv i t albuti ti si mpor t antt ov i e wal lt hee l e me nt sas par toft hec ohe s i v ewhol e .De s i gni ngwi t hus e r ' se xpe r i e nc e si nmi nde f f e c t i v e l yme anst hatal l ar e asoft heUXde s i gnf r ame wor kne e dt obet ake ni nt oac c ountt ogi v et hebe s tr e s ul t s .UXi sa par tofgoodde s i gnpr ac t i c eands houl dnotbet r e at e dasas e par at ee nt i t y . I nt hef i nalpar toft hes e r i e s ,Cont e nti si nt r oduc e d.Ther e as onf ort hej our ne yt hataus e rhas e xpe r i e nc e dt oge tt ot heobj e c tt hatt he ywantt or e ad,s e e ,l i s t e nt oorpl aywi t h.
Cont e nt
Cont e nti st hee ndpoi ntandanat ur alpl ac et of i ni s hbe c aus ewi t houti tt hee xpe r i e nc ehasno r e as on t oe xi s t .He r ear es i xpr i nc i pl e st hatar ec r i t i c al l yi mpor t anti nt hede s i gnofus e re xpe r i e nc e swi t hr e gar dt oc ont e nt .
80/ 2 0 The80/ 20r ul ei sapr i nc i pl ewene e dt oal way shav ei nmi nd.Fori ns t anc eonmybl og20% of t hec ont e nti sac c e s s e dby80% oft het r af f i c .Us i ngs of t war e ,Ihav eal s oc at e gor i z e d1 00, 000 ar t i c l e s ,whe r e80% oft hec ont e nts atwi t hi nonl y20% oft hec at e gor i e s( pe opl ewr ot ef orpopul ar i t yi nt hatc as e ) .Butbeawar eoft her e mai ni ng20% t hatc oul dbet heke yde c i s i onmake ri na de alf ory ourbus i ne s s .Cr e at eopt i mi s e dpage swi t hc ont e ntt hate ns ur e sv i s i bi l i t ybe t we e nc ont e ntt y pe sandc at e gor i e s .Ast hepr i nc i pl ehol dst r ue ,c at e rf ori ti ny ourc ont e nts t r at e gy .
Chunki ng Cont e ntne e dst obebr oke ndowni nt odi ge s t i bl ee l e me nt s .Thebr ai nc annott akei nt oomuc h i nf or mat i onatonc e .He ade r sandf or mat t i ngc anhe l phe r eandc onv e y i ngt heme ani ngt hr ougha l ogi c alpr ogr e s s i onorf l owdownapagei se s s e nt i alt oac hi e v eagoodi nf or mat i onde s i gn.Pe opl e di ge s tc ont e ntdi f f e r e nt l yons c r e e n.Fonts i z ene e dst obel ar gee nought ober e adandc l e ar e nought oc ommuni c at et ot hos ewi t hv i s uali mpai r me nt s .Ef f e c t i v ec hunki ngal l owsqui c ke rt as k c ompl e t i ont i me s .Thes t e pby s t e ps y s t e mi nas i gnupi sagr e ate xampl eoft hi s .
Dept hofpr oc es s i ng Thi sl e adsni c e l yont ot hede pt hofpr oc e s s i ngr ul e .Cas c adet hemos ti mpor t ante l e me nt sdown t hepageaspe opl ear emor er e c e pt i v eatt het op.Ge tt hec or eme s s ageov e rqui c kl yandde v e l op t hi sdownt hepage .Us edi agr amst ohi ghl i ghtandr e i nf or c epoi nt sandke e pus e rf oc usbydr awi ngat t e nt i ont ot he s ear e asus i ngv i s ualde s i gnt e c hni que s .Us eofc ont r as t ,c ol ourandt e xt ual e mphas i swi l lhe l p.Cont e xti st hepr i mef oc ushe r eandav oi dge ne r i ce l e me nt si nt hes e c t i ons r e l at i ngt owhyt heus e rc amet ot hi sar e ai nt hef i r s tpl ac e .
Thi spagef r om t heGuar di anne ws pape rwe bs i t es howsgoodus eofc hunki ngandde pt hof pr oc e s s i ng.Thei mageandf onts i z ebr e aksupt hewe i ghtoft e xti nt hear t i c l eandt heus eofwhi t e s pac eal l owst hee y et os c anqui c kl ydownt hepage . Themos ti mpor t ante l e me nt sar ebr oughtout–t hehe adl i ne ,aut hor ,dat eandus eofbul l e t st o de s c r i bet heke yt ake away sf r om t hes t or y .Thebodyoft hes t or yappe ar sf ur t he rdownt hepage be l owt hei mage .Thec ol umnal s oal l owss e gr e gat i onf r om t hes t or yc ont e ntandr e l at e dc ont e nt andt ool sorf e at ur e s .
Fi v ehatr ac ks Thef i v ehatr ac ksi sat e c hni queus e dt ohe l por de ri nf or mat i onqui c kl y .Thi si sane f f e c t i v e pr i nc i pl ewhe nde c i di nghowt oor de re l e me nt s .I tr e f e r st ot heabi l i t yt oor de ral li nf or mat i on ac c or di ngt oal phabe t i c als t andi ng,t i me ,l oc at i on,c ont i nuum ( l owe s tt ohi ghe s tf ore xampl e )and c at e gor i e s( howoneobj e c tr e l at e st oanot he r ) .Ofc our s emanyj obsr e qui r eamor ei nv ol v e d or gani s at i ont y pebuti tal way she l pst ohav eas t ar tpoi ntwhe nf ac e dwi t hal ar gec hal l e nge .
Hi er ar c hy Theor gani s at i onofi nf or mat i onwhi c hi si mme di at e l yunde r s t andabl ef r om aus e r ’ spe r s pe c t i v e us e shi e r ar c hy-pl ac i nge l e me nt st hathav eadi r e c tc or r e l at i ont oe ac hot he rc onv e y e di nav i s ual l yr e l at e dway .Cons i de rhowc ompl e xs y s t e msl i kes of t war er e l yonme nust hatc as c adeout , al l owi ngaus e rt os e er e l at i ons hi psbe t we e nc ont r ol sandhowt he yi nt e r ac twi t he ac hot he r . Hi e r ar c hyi samaj orf ac t orofhowpe opl eunde r s t ands y s t e ms ,c ont r ol sandr e l at i ons hi ps . The r ei ss ome t hi ngaboutt hec as c adi ngme nut hati si mpr i nt e di nt oe v e r yus e rofapc ,bei tMac orWi ndows .Thede s i gnpat t e r ni ss oe s t abl i s he dt hatf orc e r t ai ns i t e swi t hv as tt axonomi e si ti s t heonl yopt i ont oc onv e yt hebr e adt hofc ont e ntandal l owaus e rt oe xpl or et hei nv e nt or yi nan i nt ui t i v eway . Amaz oni sagr e ate xampl eoft hi s andi fy our e me mbe rt het abs de bac l ey ouc ans e ewhyt he y c hos eas af eopt i ont hatwor ksi n awayt hats t ay st r uet ot het r i ni t y oft r i e d,t e s t e dandt r us t e d. Howe v e rt hi sappr oac hmay c hangewi t ht headv e ntof i mpr ov e dus e ri nt e r f ac e sand t ouc ht e c hnol ogy .
Readabi l i t y Compl e xi nf or mat i onr e qui r e st hes i mpl e s tf or m ofpr e s e nt at i onpos s i bl e .Thi si st r ans f e r r e d downt ot hel anguageus e dandi sof t e nov e r l ooke dwhe nde s i gnsofs y s t e msar ebui l t .Se nt e nc e l e ngt h,wor dc ommonal i t y ,wor dl e ngt hands y l l abl eamountal lc ont r i but et owhe t he rt he i nf or mat i oni se as yt oabs or bore nc ount e r sunne c e s s ar yhur dl e s .Al t hought he r ei sar e adabi l i t y gr apht hatal l owsar e adi ngaget obec al c ul at e df r om anyt e xt ,y ous houl dai mt ous el anguage t hati sc onc i s eandhasc l ar i t ywhe nc onv e y i ngc ompl e xi ns t r uc t i ons ,pr oduc tde s c r i pt i onsor t he or i e s .
Epi l ogue Asde s i gne r swhoc at e rf ore xpe r i e nc e si nt heUXors e r v i c ede s i gnf i e l ds ,t hel e v e l sofunde r s t andi ngwene e dt oac qui r ewi l lonl yi nc r e as east e c hnol ogywi l lal l owust odomor e ,wi t hmor e s pe e dandwi t hmor es oc i e t alr ami f i c at i ons .Ens ur i ngwef ac t ori nt hede s i gnpr i nc i pl eoff or gi v e ne s swoul dbeagoodpl ac et os t ar ti nt hi si nc r e as i ngl yt ur bul e ntt i meoft e c hnol ogi c alf l ux. UXhasaf f or de dusanot he rwayt ol ookatt hewor l d.I tde al swi t ht hemi c r oe l e me nt sofan e xpe r i e nc e–downt ot hebut t onc ol our ,di me ns i ons ,pl ac e me ntandt oneofc opyus e d.The appr e c i at i onoft he s ede t ai l st hatc anr ui nanot he r wi s epe r f e c tpr oduc ti se nought omaket hi s wor kwor t hwhi l e .Wemaket hi ngswor kbe t t e r-ac r i t i c alas pe c tofs uc c e s s f ulde s i gn. Thi smi c r ov i e woft hec ons t i t ue ntpar t st hatmakeupane xpe r i e nc ei sofc our s eapar toft he ov e r al ls pe c t r um,andwhe r et hes i xc i r c l e spai ntt hel ar ge rpi c t ur e .Butanappr e c i at i onoft he ot he rdi s c i pl i ne st hatc ont r i but et oape r s on’ sv i e wofabr and,pr oduc tors e r v i c emakeusmor e r ounde dandappr e c i at i v ewhe ndoi ngUXwor k. Theot he rke ypar t st ot hee xpe r i e nc ede s i gnpr oc e s s ,t hemac r ov i e wofac us t ome re xpe r i e nc e madebys e r v i c ede s i gne r sf ore xampl e ,ar eane s s e nt i alpar toft hec ompl e xi nt e r r e l at i ons hi ps t hate xpe r i e nc ede s i gni nv ol v e s .Re al i s i ngt hatmanyofuss t r i v et oac hi e v et hes amegoal si s i mpor t ant .I the l pst oke e pt hede s i gnc ommuni t ys t r ongandi nhi bi t sy e tmor edi v e r ge nc ei nour t hi nki ngandov e r al lgoal sofc r e at i ngc ohe s i v ec r os s c hanne le xpe r i e nc e s . Thec ont e xtofone ’ se xpe r i e nc ewi t hdi f f e r e ntt y pe sofi nt e r ac t i oni ss ubj e c tt oc hangeandi ne v i t abl yde f i ne sane xpe r i e nc ei ndi f f e r e ntway s .Fore xampl e ,mobi l ede v i c e sal l owc onne c t i v i t y , c ommuni c at i onandf r e e dom ofmov e me nt .Addac ame r a,andt hepr e v i ousi nt e r ac t i onof maki ngaphonec al lbe c ome samagi c ale xpe r i e nc eofs e e i ngaf ac emov ewi t ht he i rv oi c e . Thei mpor t anc eofde s i gni ngf orc ont e xti satt hehe ar tofe xpe r i e nc ede s i gnandc e r t ai nl ywi l l be c omemor ei mpor t antast hec ompl e xi t yofourwor l dgr owsandt heque s tf ors i mpl i c i t y be c ome st hemos ti mpor t antgoalf ormanybus i ne s s e s . Manyc r e at i v ede s i gnage nc i e sar er e al i s i ngt hatUXandt het r adi t i onaldi s c i pl i ne sofc ommuni c at i onands t r at e gi cpl anni ngne e dt opl aywe l lt oge t he rt ode f i nes ol ut i ons .Uns ur pr i s i ngl ybot h ne e de ac hot he rt oe ns ur et hec r e at i onofe c os y s t e mshav et heappr e c i at i onofbr andsandpr oduc t satt he i rc or e ,andt hatt hedi f f e r e ntc ont e xt ual l yde s i gne de xpe r i e nc e sar ewe l lc ons i de r e d andpe r f e c t l ye xe c ut e d.
UXc annotdoi tal lal one ,andmor ei mpor t ant l ys houl dnot .Thec r os s di s c i pl i nar yt e am wi l l al way st r umpl i ke mi nds .Thes i xc i r c l e si sabas i sf orat e am’ sme t hodol ogywi t hdi f f e r e nt s ki l l s e t sandbac kgr ounds ,andi swi dee nought oal l owv ar i at i onsi ns ki l l sbutac ommon agr e e me ntt owar dst hei mpor t anc eoft he s ef ac t or s .Thes i xc i r c l e ss houl dbes e e nasas e r i e sof l e ns e st ov i e wapr obl e ms pac eandhe l pde f i net hes ol ut i onsde pe nde ntonc ont e xtt hatt hes ol ut i ons houl de xi s ti n. At e am maye nc ompas st her ol e sofamar ke t i ngpe r s onwi t hagr as poft hebr and,ape r s onwho unde r s t andst hebe hav i our sofpe opl ee i t he rf r om ananal y t i c alorps y c hol ogi c als e ns e .Ape r s on whohasv i s ualde s i gnabi l i t yi sc r i t i c al ,pe r haps( i fy ouar el uc ky )wi t has oundunde r s t andi ngof i nt e r f ac eus abi l i t yandi nt e r ac t i onde s i gnf ac t or s .Fi nal l y ,ape r s onwhoc anc ommuni c at et he c ont e ntorc onv e yt hes oc i alobj e c ti nawayt hati si ns t ant l ye ngagi ngt ot heus e r . Al r e adyy oumayhav e6pe opl et oc onduc tt hi se xpe r i e nc ede s i gnj ob,buti tne e dst hi sc ommi t me ntf r om c ompani e st ohav et hef or c er e adyandabl et oe xe c ut eont heus e r c e nt r e ds ol ut i ons t hathav ebe e nr e s e ar c he di nt hedi s c ov e r yphas e .Thebuz z wor doft heboar dr oom –i nnov at i on s houl doc c uri nane nv i r onme ntt hatal l owsi tt of l our i s handwi t ht her i ghti ngr e di e nt sf ori tt o happe n. Pe opl e ’ sappl i c at i ont oat as kus i nganagr e e dpoi ntofr e f e r e nc ei sc r i t i c alt os uc c e s s .SCRUM i s nobe t t e rt hanWat e r f al l ,f ori ti st hec ul t ur eofac ompanyt hathe l psde f i newhi c hme t hodi smos t s uc c e s s f ulf ort he i rs pe c i f i cs i t uat i on.Thepe opl ede f i net hes uc c e s s ,nott hepr oc e s s .The i ndus t r i alwayoft hi nki ngaboutc r e at i ngpr oduc t sasi fonapr oduc t i onl i nenol onge rwor ks . Wene e dt or e me mbe rhowt ol ooki nwar ds ,t or e f l e c tandr e al i z eourc r e at i v epot e nt i al sand pr oduc eme ani ngf ulandv al uabl epr oduc t sagai n.Cr e at ev al uebyr e al i z i ngwhatot he r sf i nd v al uabl e .I nnov at ebye xe c ut i ngont hei de ast hatar i s ef r om r e s e ar c h. Expe r i e nc ede s i gnal l owsust os e et he s ef ac t sandt omakebus i ne s swakeupt ot he m.I ti si n s omeway sar e bootons t ai di ndus t r i alt hi nki ng.Le t ’ sr e me mbe rwhatmake sushumanand c r e at epr oduc t sands e r v i c e st hatpe opl ene e dandwant .Si mpl e‘ de l i ght ’ wi l lonl yt akeus hal f way ,butbe i ngde l i be r at ei nours ol ut i onswi l le s t abl i s hal as t i ngl ogi c all e gac y . Ihopey ouhav ee nj oy e dt hi se book,t heobs e r v at i onsandt hear e ast hatf i twi t hi nane xpe r i e nc e de s i gnpr ac t i c ef r ame wor k. Fol l owmeont wi t t e r@j ame s ke l wayf ormor emus i ngsar oundt heSi xCi r c l e s .
