Design of Anchor Block for Pipeline with verification
design criteriaFull description
Descripción completa
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HDPE Pipeline Installation and DesignFull description
Full description
Descripción: Pipeline Design
MATTEO SONZA REORDA E M. REBAUDENGO
design premise corrib
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The Design and Construction of High Pressure Pipelines Alan Murray ASME Pipeline System Division ASME INDIA OIL & GAS PIPELINE CONFERENCE Goa February 4th February 2011
There are an estimated 300 million PowerPoint users in the world. They do 30 million presentations every day About 1.5 million presentations are going on right now
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90% of them are unbearable (conservative estimate) 9.9994% induce deep sleep Hopefully this isn’t one of them!
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Demand for Clean Energy is Growing • • • •
World gas consumption has grown 435% since 1965. EIA forecast to 2030 : World energy demand will grow by 55% Gas consumption will grow at an annual rate of 2.4%, (100 trillion cubic feet (tcf) to 163 tcf) compared to 1.4% for oil (83 million barrels of oil per day (mb/d)to 118 mb/d )
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Gas will account for 26% of global energy use by 2030.
Energy Supply
Energy Demand Energy Infrastructure
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Some Current Pipeline Trends • Reducing capital and operating costs – Lowering pressure losses – Reducing Pumping Power needs • Higher operating pressures circa 160bar + • Larger diameters – 1.2 to 1.4m • Use of higher strength steels X80,X100, X120 • Limit States Design Methods (probabilistic rather than deterministic) better utilisation of material • Challenge – cannot compromise safety and reliability – improving current pipe manufacturing and construction techniques 5
4 Construction Methods Semi-Fully Automatic Welding Improved Inspection Installation Methods Crossings Trenchless construction Buoyancy control Hydrotesting and Commissioning
5 Operations - SCADA - Automation and Control - Ultrasonic metering - Pipe cleaning -Use of drag reducing additives -Intelligent Pigging - Risk & Integrity management
Too much carbon – Reduces toughness – Strain aging – Hardness, weldability
120 J 100 s s 80 e n h 60 g u o 40 T
20 0 Carbon Content
Glover 2004
High strength steels- At what cost to ductility? • Higher the strength the less
post yield strain capacity •15% decrease in strain at ultimate •Y/T ratio approaching 0.95 in transverse round bar tests •May impact strain based designs (Pipe body strains >> weld mat’l) •Matching /overmatching weld metal issues (toughness) •High fracture initiation energies
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Pipe & Weld Metal Tensile Testing How do we establish a reliable measure of strength? 2.5
Bauschinger Effect – round tensile bars Charpy – measure of toughness DWTT – measure of fracture ductility A compromise is required between strength & toughness for HSS pipe Crack arrestors are being proposed for fracture control for HSS pipe
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Weldability Pipes must be able to welded in the field: • rapidly • in all weathers • with minimum of pipe heating
Weldability is affected by:
Parent
HAZ
Weld
• pipeline chemistry – higher chemistry pipe more susceptible to hydrogen cracking • thickness – thicker pipe has poorer weldability • diameter – greater cooling occurs between weld runs increasing risk of cracking 29
Metal Inert Gas Welding Advantages: • Higher speed than MMA due to ; – Continuous feed of filler metal – Absence of slag – Higher deposition rates • • • •
Weld metal has a low hydrogen content, which can be important, especially in welding hardenable steels Deeper penetration allows the use of smaller fillet welds Applicable in semiautomatic and fully automated welding systems. Case study pipe example available of benefits of MIG over MMA http://www.weldreality.com/pipeweldAlberta.ht m
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Metal Inert Gas Welding Limitations: • Equipment is more costly and less portable than MMA welding equipment • Less adaptable for welding in areas of limited access • In hardenable steels, more susceptible to weld metal cracking - no slag cover to reduce the rate of cooling • Requires positive protection from strong drafts, which blow the stream of shielding gas away from the weld; therefore less practical than the shielded metal arc welding outdoors
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Mechanized or Manual Welding ? For 36” x 0.622” w.t. Line Pipe
‘Safety Margins’ given by the System Pressure Test & Mill Pressure Test Failure stress of defect free pipeline System Pressure Test Mill Pressure Test
Safety Margin On Test
Safety Margin on Failure
Design Pressure
The system pressure test is considered to be the final test of the integrity of a new pipeline. OPERATION COMMISSIONING MILL
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Hydro-Test Ruptures
Defects that Remain in Pipe
125 % MOP Defects removed Hydro-test
100 % MOP Normal Operating 42
Full Scale Rupture tests • Fracture arrest occurs when • brittle crack enters ductile pipe • BUT • Cracks can propagate in the • fully ductile mode • In-service fractures have propagated up to 300m • Full-scale studies conducted to derive requirements for fracture arrest • Correlated to a convenient small scale test – Charpy /DWTT 43
Crack arrest options for high strength, high pressure systems Composite Reinforced Linepipe
