PHYSIOLOGY CELL QUESTIONS ( Numbers 1-9 ) 1. Which of the following is derived from the golgi complex? A. peroxisomes peroxisomes C. lysosomes B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. 1"! #ecall $
%. &ntercellular connections that permit su'stances to pass 'etween cells without entering the )*+ A. tight ,unctions ,unctions ). occluding occluding ,unctions ,unctions B. anchoring ,unctions D. !" #u$%&'o$s th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. //! #ecall $ ". 0his structure is concentrated and 'est developed in highly secreting cells+ A. nucleus nucleus ). nucleolus nucleolus B. mitochondria D. golgi complex th ( Guyton 1 ! pp. 1"! #ecall $ /. Water is the ma,or component of cells except in fat cells which is composed mainly of+ A. cholesterol cholesterol ). phospholipids phospholipids B. glycolipids D. &r'ly%er'es th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. 21! #ecall $ . 3ovement of 45 from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid will utili6ed which of the following transport mechanisms? A. countertransp countertransport ort ). cotransport cotransport D. simple diffusion . "r'm!ry !%&'*e &r!$s"or& th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. 1 7 18! )omprehension $ 8. Which of the following is shared 'y simple and facilitated diffusion? A. it does does not re9uire re9uire a carrier carrier ). it exhi'its exhi'its competitive competitive inhi'ition inhi'ition . '& o%%urs o+$ !$ ele%&ro%,em'%!l r!'e$& D. it re9uires sodium gradient ( Berne and -evy th edition! pp. : 7 1/! )omprehension $ :. 0he mem'rane potential will depolari6e if the mem'rane permea'ility increases for B. potassium ). chloride D. A 25 . so'um ( Guyton 1 th edition! pp. 8 2 :! )omprehension $ ;. At resting state! the mem'rane is highly permea'le to+ A. chloride chloride ). A25 . "o&!ss'um ( Ganong % th edition! pp. 8! #ecall $
D. sodium
. Which of the following is a characteristic of local potential+ . m!$'&ue m!$'&ue 's e"e$e$& o$ &,e s&'mulus '$&e$s'&y B. it is produced 'y maximal stimulus ). it can 'e actively propagated D. it follows all or none law ( Berne and -evy th edition! pp. " 2 /1! )omprehension $
NEUOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS (Numbers1/ 0 2) Ge$er!l Se$ses (Numbers 1/-13) 1. 0he information for this sensory modality does not reach consciousness+ A. touch ). smell D. hearing . mus%le &e$s'o$ th ( Ganong % ! pp. 11 11 7 118! 118! #ecall $
11. 11. Which of the following su'stances increases the sensitivity of pain receptors+ A. 'rady
B. histamine D. "ros&!l!$'$ th ( Guyton 1 ! pp. %! #ecall $ 1%. )onscious perception is always locali6ed in the area where the receptors are located+ A. =teven >ower -aw ). We'er *echner -aw D. -a'eled -ine >rinciple . L!+ o4 Pro#e%&'o$ th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 11 21%! #ecall $ 1". 0wo point discrimination is+ A. the greatest distance wherein one stimulus is perceived as two sensations B. the smallest distance wherein one stimulus is perceived as two sensations C. &,e sm!lles& 's&!$%e +,ere'$ &+o s&'mul' !re "er%e'*e !s &+o se$s!&'o$s D. the smallest distance wherein two stimuli are perceived as one sensation ( Ganong % th edition! pp. 1/"! #ecall $ 5's'o$ (Numbers 16-17) 1/. Which of the following is increased when the ciliary muscle is relaxed? A. curvature of the lens ). refractive power of the lens B. elasticity of the lens D. &e$s'o$ o$ &,e le$s l'!me$& th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1! comprehension $
1. Which type of cell in the visual system responds to stimuli 'y producing depolari6ing potential only? A. rods and cones ). 'ipolar cells B. hori6ontal cells D. !m!%r'$e %ells th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1%! recall $ 18. 0he cones in the retina are+ . more se$s'&'*e &o ,', '$&e$s'&y l',& B. primarily involved in scotopic vision ). highly concentrated in the peripheral part of the retina D. more a'undant than the rods ( Ganong % th edition! 1/:21/! )omprehension $ 1:. What is the refractive power of the lens if its principal focal distance is . m+ A. 1 diopter ). " diopters D. / diopters . 'o"&ers th ( Ganong % edition! pp 1/! )omprehension $ u'&'o$ (Numbers 12-/) 1;. 0he maximum sound fre9uency that is audi'le to the human ear is a'out+ A. % cyclessec C. /8/// %y%lesse% B. %! cyclessec D. %! cyclessec th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1:"! recall $
1. Gradual degeneration of hair cells in the cochlea due to aging+ A. otosclerosis ). diplacusis B. pres'yopia D. "resby%us's th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1:: 2 1:;! #ecall $ %. #eflex contraction of tensor tympani and stapedius when exposed to loud sound+ A. impedance matching ). mas
%%. 0his special sensation has no neocortical pro,ection+ A. hearing C. smell
B. vision D. taste th ( Ganong % ! pp. 1;! #ecall $ Gus&!&'o$ (Number 3) %". Which of the following is correctly paired+ A. sweet 9uinine sulfate C. um!m' < mo$oso'um lu&!m!&e B. sour alcohol D. 'itter glycols th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1;! #ecall $ =o&or Sys&em (Numbers 6 0 7) %/. &n the control of voluntary movement! 'asal ganglia and cere'ellum are ali
%. &ntension tremors! past2pointing and drun
%8. 3otor incoordination is primarily associated with a lesion in the+ A. cere'ral cortex ). 'asal ganglia D. spinal cord . %erebellum th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. 1:;21;! )omprehension $ %:. Which of the following structures provide the )= with information a'out the tension developed 'y the muscle 'eing moved? A. muscle spindle C. ol' &e$o$ B. intrafusal muscle fi'er D. extrafusal muscle fi'er th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. 8%;! )omprehension $ Ce$&r!l Ner*ous Sys&em (Number 2) %;. Blood 'rain 'arrier is impermea'le to+ A. a5 B. )C% ). C% D. "ro&e'$s th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 1 2 %! #ecall $ CDIO5SCUL SYSTE= (Numbers 9-6) C!r'!% Ele%&ro",ys'oloy (Numbers 9-31) %. >hase of the ventricular action potential that is primarily affected 'y catecholamines? A. >hase B. >hase 1 D. >hase " C. P,!se th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. %;! #ecall $
". Which of the following normally has a mem'rane potential that gradually declines to the firing level after each impulse+ A. atrial muscle cells ). pur
C!r'!% Cy%le (Numbers 3-3>) "%. A decrease in extracellular concentration of this ion induces cardiac arrest in diastole+
A. sodium ). potassium D. chloride . %!l%'um th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp ":! )omprehension $ "". 0his phase corresponds to the phase of slow ventricular filling+ A. protodiastole ). dicrortic notch D. "rd heart sound . '!s&!s's ( Berne and -evy th edition! pp. "1;! #ecall $ "/. )losure of the semilunar valves mar
) "8. A resting cardiac muscle is stretched 'y a preload which represents+ A. end systolic volume ). stro
D. capillaries
Hemoy$!m'%s (Numbers 32 0 39) ";. A pro'a'ility of tur'ulence is increased if there is a decrease in+ A. density of the fluid ). diameter of the tu'e D. velocity of flow of the fluid . *'s%os'&y o4 &,e 4lu' th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 81! )omprehension $
". )apillaries are thin walled and delicate structures 'ut they are not prone to rupture. 0his protective effect is explained 'y+ A. BernoulliFs principle C. L!"l!%e L!+ B. #eynolds num'er D. *icrinciple th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 8/28! )omprehension $ I$$er*!&'o$ (Number 6/) /. =timulation of the right vagus nerve mainly decrease the+ A. conduction velocity C. ,e!r& r!&e B. force of atrial contraction D. force of ventricular contraction th ( Ganong % edition! pp. %; 7 "! )omprehension $ eul!&'o$ o4 C!r'o*!s%ul!r %&'*'&y (Numbers 61 0 6) /1. Which of the following responses is o'served when the 'aroreceptor reflex is activated 'y hypertension? ). increase cardiac contractility . *!so'l!&!&'o$ B. increase cardiac output D. tachycardia th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp 1;; 7 1! Analysis $
/%. #egulatory mechanism of the cardiovascular system that act immediately to normali6e 'lood pressure+ ). renal mechanism . $er*ous me%,!$'sm B. humoral mechanism D. capillary fluid shift th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. %: 7 %;! #ecall $
ESPITOY SYSTE= (Numbers 63 0 ?) Mechanics of Respiration (Number 43)
43.
Air rushes into the lungs when the+ A. intraalveolar pressure is a'ove the atmospheric pressure . '$&r!"ulmo$!ry "ressure 's belo+ &,e !&mos",er'% "ressure ). intrapleural pressure is a'ove atmospheric pressure D. intrathoracic pressure is e9ual to the atmospheric pressure (Ganong % th edition! pp. 8%: 7 8"! Analysis $
5olumes !$ C!"!%'&'es (Numbers 66 0 6? ) //. Eital capacity is determined 'y as
/. When the expiratory muscles are contracted! the lungs are at+ ). functional residual capacity . res'u!l *olume B. expiratory reserve volume D. total lung capacity th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp /8/ 7 /8! Analysis $ Lu$ Com"l'!$%e (Number 6>) /8. Which of the following correctly descri'es lung compliance? A. it is increased in restrictive lung disease . '& 's ,',er !& &,e b!se &,!$ !& &,e !"e: o4 &,e lu$ ). it is decreased in emphysema D. it is increased when the transpulmonary pressure increases ( Guyton 1 th edition! pp /""2/"/! Ganong % th edition! pp. 8"128"8! Analysis $ G!s D'44us'o$ (Number 67) /:. 0he main factor in determining the diffusing capacity of the lung for oxygen is the+ A. alveolar surface area C. "!r&'!l "ressure r!'e$& B. thic
/. Which of the following factors decreases the affinity of hemoglo'in to oxygen? A. fever C. !l@!los's B. exercise D. hypercapnea th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 8/ 7 8/:! Analysis $ %' !se !l!$%e (Number ?/) . >atient was admitted due to an acid 'ase disorder. e is suspected to have a partially compensated meta'olic acidosis. Which of the following sets of la'oratory data would confirm your suspicion? A. )C"2 H 1; m9-! p)C % H / mmg! p H :." B. )C"2 H 1: m9-! p)C % H / mmg! p H :.1 ). )C"2 H % m9-! p)C % H " mmg! p H :." D. HCO 3- A 12 mEBL8 "CO A 33 mmH8 "H A 7.33 ( Berne and -evy th edition! :1 7 :1/! Application $ eul!&'o$ o4 es"'r!&ory %&'*'&y (Number ?1) 1. ypoxemia (>aC % H mmg $ primarily stimulates+ A. central chemoreceptors ). peripheral chemoreceptors B. pulmonary stretch receptors D. I receptors ( Ganong % th edition! pp. 81 2 8! #ecall $
es"'r!&ory #us&me$&s (Number ?) %. Which of the following statements is correct a'out anemic hypoxia?
A. . ). D.
arterial oxygen tension is low %!$ be ue &o %!rbo$ mo$o:'e "o'so$'$ thereFs normal C% carrying capacity of the 'lood 'lood flow to the tissues is usually reduced ( Ganong % th edition! pp. 88:! #ecall $
GSTOINTESTINL SYSTE= (Numbers ?3 0 >3) Ele%&ro",ys'oloy o4 &,e GIT (Number ?6) /. =low waves in smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract are+ A. phasic contractions C. os%'ll!&'$ =Ps B. action potentials D. tonic contractions th ( Ganong % edition! pp. :1; 2 :%! #ecall $ =o&or u$%&'o$s (Numbers ?? 0 ?2) 55. =egmentation contractions are usually o'served in the+ A. large intestine ). stomach B. esophagus D. sm!ll '$&es&'$e th ( Guyton 1 ! pp. :"" 7 :"/! #ecall $
8. Which of the following hormone is involved in coordination of the migrating motor complex? A. acetylcholine C. mo&'l'$ B. cholecysto/) . ))4 is secreted in the duodenum 'y+ A. 3 cells B. = cells C. I %ells th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /:! #ecall $
D. > cells
8. =ecretions with the highest p+ A. salivary secretions C. "!$%re!&'% se%re&'o$s B. i ntestinal secretions D. gall'ladder secretions th (Ganong % edition! pp. /;12/;%! #ecall $ D'es&'o$ !$ bsor"&'o$ 81. Which of the following is responsi'le for the movement of glucose from the intestinal lumen to the mucosal cells? A. simple diffusion ). facilitated diffusion B. solvent drag D. se%o$!ry !%&'*e &r!$s"or& th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /8! #ecall $
8%. )a55 a'sorption in the small intestine is facilitated and increased 'y+ A. calcitonin ). parathormone B. ascor'ic acid D. 18? ',yro:y%,ole%!l%'4erol th ( Guyton 1 ! pp. :81! #ecall $
8". 0his is transported from the intestinal lumen into the enterocytes via facilitated diffusion+ A. glucose ). galactose
D. pentoses . 4ru%&ose th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /8! #ecall $ ENL SYSTE= (Numbers >6 0 73) e$!l loo lo+ (Number >6) 8/. 0he highest vascular resistance in the renal vasculature is present in the+ A. afferent arteriole C. e44ere$& !r&er'ole B. interlo'ular artery D. peritu'ular capillaries th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. %;! #ecall $ Ur'$e orm!&'o$ (Numbers >? 0 >7) 8. Glomerular and peritu'ular capillaries are ali
88. #B)! WB)! platelets and proteins are not filtered in the glomerulus 'ecause of filtration 'arrier created 'y+ A. endothelium ). podocytes D. fenestrae . b!seme$& membr!$e th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. %;/2%;8! #ecall $ 8:. Which of the following decreases glomerular filtration rate? A. increased 'lood pressure C. '$%re!se "l!sm! "ro&e'$s B. afferent arteriolar dilatation D. efferent arteriolar constriction th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. %;8 2 %;;! Analysis $ HO !$ Ele%&roly&e eul!&'o$ (Numbers >2->9) 8;. =ite at which permea'ility to water varies with plasma osmolarity+ A. proximal tu'ule C. %olle%&'$ u%& B. glomerulus D. loop of enle th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. "% 2 "%1! )omprehension $
8. 0he ma,or stimulus that will cause AD release from the posterior pituitary gland+ ). decreased arterial 'lood pressure . '$%re!se "l!sm! osmol!r'&y B. decreased circulating 'lood volume D. increased circulating angiotensin && th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. "%" 2 "%/! #ecall $ %' !l!$%e !l!$%e (Numbers 7/ 0 73) :. 0he filtered )C " within the proximal tu'ular lumen is rea'sor'ed mainly as . B. )C" ). %)C" D. C2 CO ( Guyton 1 th edition! pp. "/ 7 "! )omprehension $
:1. #enal correction of respiratory acidosis will result in+ ). increase 5 rea'sorption . '$%re!se HCO 3- re!bsor"&'o$ B. decrease 5 secretion D. decrease formation of / th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. "/ 7 "! )omprehension $ :%. &n the proximal tu'ule! secretion of hydrogen ion is primarily accompanied 'y+ A. secretion of )C"2 ). secretion of 4 5 B. rea'sorption of >C /2 D. re!bsor"&'o$ o4 N! ( Guyton 1 th edition! pp. "" 7 ":! )omprehension $ :". >atient was admitted to the hospital with the following clinical la'oratory data+ p of :./;! )C"2 "% me9- and p)C % % of mmg. >atient from the previous 9uestion most li) P!r!&,yro' Gl!$ (Number 76)
:/. &ndividuals who are immo'ili6ed during space flight develop disuse osteoporosis. Which of the following is marC/ concentration D. urinary )a 55 excretion ( Ganong % th edition! pp. ":! )omprehension $ re$!l Gl!$ (Numbers 7? 0 7>) :. >henylethanolamine 2methyltransferase (>30$ is an en6yme that cataly6es the formation of epinephrine from norepinephrine. 0his en6yme is induced 'y which adrenocortical hormones? ). aldosterone . lu%o%or&'%o' B. testosterone D. pregnenolone th ( Ganong % edition! pp. "/8! #ecall $
:8. Bursts of A)0 secretion are most fre9uent+ ). at noon . '$ &,e e!rly mor$'$ B. in the afternoon D. in the evening th ( Ganong % edition! pp. "8! #ecall $ P!$%re!&'% Isle&s (Number 77) ::. &n normal individuals! infusion of insulin and glucose significantly lower the plasma level of+ A. sodium ). calcium D. chloride . "o&!ss'um th ( Ganong % edition! pp. "%:! )omprehension $ T,yro' Gl!$ (Number 72) :;. 0hyroid hormones decrease which of the following? A. 'ody meta'olism ). cardiac activity B. oxygen consumption D. l'"oe$es's th ( Ganong % edition! "1" 2 "18! )omprehension $ em!le e"rou%&'*e Sys&em (Numbers 79 0 21) :. &ncrease plasma level of this hormone primarily inhi'its *= release+ ). progestin . '$,'b'$ B. estrogen D. testosterone th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /1; 2 /1! )omprehension $
;. Development of ovarian follicles is primarily caused 'y+ ). - . SH B. progesterone D. estrogen th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. " 2 "1! )omprehension $ ;1. &f a patient presents with a very regular "2day menstrual cycle! ovulation should occur on day+ A. 1/ ). 1; D. % . 1> th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. " 2 "1! )omprehension $ =!le e"rou%&'*e Sys&em (Numbers 2 0 23) ;%. &t promotes the development of wollfian duct system into a male internal genitalia+ A. dehydrotestosterone C. &es&os&ero$e B. androgen 'inding protein D. )G th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /1! #ecall $
;". >rimarily responsi'le for the development of fetal male external genitalia+ ). testosterone . ',yro&es&os&ero$e B. progesterone D. )G th ( Ganong % edition! pp. /18 2 /1:! #ecall $
Se: De&erm'$!&'o$ !$ D'44ere$&'!&'o$ ( Numbers 26 0 2> ) ;/. Which of the following will result to a negative chromatin test?
A.
testis is nonfunctional+ thereFs regression of mullerian duct thereFs production of testosterone &,eres e*elo"me$& o4 4em!le '$&er$!l e$'&!l'! thereFs development of the wolffian duct ( Ganong % th edition! pp. / 2 /1! )omprehension $
;8. )an 'e determined during fertili6ation+ ). phenotypic sex . e$e&'% se: B. gonadal sex D. genital sex th ( Ganong % edition! pp. "; 7 /! )omprehension $ EN5ION=ENTL PHYSIOLOGY (Numbers 27 0 96) S"!%e P,ys'oloy (Numbers 27 0 91) ;:. What is the ma,or pro'lem in normal individuals at high altitude? ). toxicity . ,y"o:'! B. air em'olism D. narcosis th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. /8 2 /:! )omprehension $
;;. Which of the following is increased in high altitude? A. 'arometric pressure ). alveolar >C % B. arterial pC % D. "ulmo$!ry *e$&'l!&'o$ th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. /8 2 /! Analysis $ ;. Which of the following statements is correct a'out high altitude physiology? . &,e %om"os'&'o$ o4 !'r s&!ys &,e s!me B. 'arometric pressure increases with increasing altitude ). the ma,or pro'lem is toxicity D. pulmonary ventilation usually decreases ( Guyton 1 th edition! pp. /8 2 /! )omprehension $ . 0he most important effect of centrifugal acceleration is on the+ A. respiratory system C. %!r'o*!s%ul!r sys&em B. central nervous system D. muscular system th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. ! #ecall $ 1. 0his law states that the 'arometric pressure is the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases in the air mixture+ A. BoyleFs law C. D!l&o$s l!+ B. GrahamFs law D. enryFs law th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. /;! #ecall $ Dee" Se! P,ys'oloy (Numbers 9-96) %. 0his condition is also = D. acute mountain sic
". 0his law states that the concentration of C % dissolved in water is proportional to the >C% in the gas phase+ A. )harles law ). DaltonFs law B. GrahamFs law D. He$rys l!+ th ( Berne and -evy edition! pp. 1! #ecall $ /. 0his is usually manifested 'y severe pains! paresthesia and itching+ A. oxygen toxicity ). high pressure nervous syndrome B. nitrogen narcosis D. e%om"ress'o$ s'%@$ess th ( Guyton 1 edition! pp. : 2 ;! #ecall $ =us%ul!r Sys&em (Numbers 9? 0 92) . After warm up exercise! performance of an individual in sports is improved. 0his is
explained 'y+ ). recruitment of motor units . s&!'r%!se ",e$ome$o$ B. fre9uency summation D. 9uantal summation th ( Ganong % edition! pp. 8;! Analysis $ 8. 0his muscle protein plays an important role in contraction of 'oth s
