Perception of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol.docx

JMJ Marist Brothers Notre Dame of Marbel University Integrated Basic Education Department Senior High School City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM

Alcohol use is a widely discussed topic, but a vast body of research research has documented the relationship between alcohol consumption and interpersonal violence. More than any illegal drug, alcohol was found to be closely associated with violent crimes, including murder, rape, assault, child and spousal abuse. Convicted offenders under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies in 1996 have been drinking at the time of the offense. (Greenfeld, 1998). Arnarson (2017) believed believed that aside from alcohol involvement involvement in crime, drinking too much alcohol can take a serious toll on health. That is mainly because alcohol is metabolized by the liver and frequent consumption can lead to increased fat inside liver cells. Heavy drinking can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, especially mouth and throat. Lastly chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain function permanently and will have detrimental effects on the body that most likely fall to death. The researchers were drawn to this topic because they are determined to help their fellow teenagers and underage students in understanding alcohol consumption for it is known that alcohol have many effects not just in the body, but also the social, and in the academic life of the user. user . Underage drinking is prevailing

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in many schools this will help the school, parents, and policy- makers to be more involve in raising this awareness and will sooner reduce such cases. The effect of alcohol varies between individuals individu als and depends on the amount consumed and the type of alcoholic beverages the user will intake. Historically, moderate consumption of alcohol has been linked to health benefits. It has been produced and consumed by humans for thousands of years and have played an important role in our health; supplying nutrition and energy; providing medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic benefits; quenching thirst; facilitating relaxation; promoting conviviality and social cohesion; increasing the pleasure of eating; providing pharmacological pleasure; and generally enhancing the quality and pleasures of life. (Hanson, 2013) However, in Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), there are several conflicting ideas. Among teenagers today, there are a large variety of positions towards drinking alcohol. Misperceptions exist among students regarding the amount of alcohol that is consumed on university campuses. In anonymous studies, in nationwide surveys during 1998 and 1999, students grossly overestimated the average amount of alcohol their peer group reported consuming and the number of people who drank heavily (Perkins et. al,1999). Applying the idea that the perceived extent of alcohol use among peers ultimately influences student decisions regarding his or her own alcohol consumption, preventative programs on campus are aimed at educating students about reported alcohol

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consumption norms. Nineteen percent of students surveyed nationwide abstain from drinking alcohol (Wechsler, 1996). Recent prevention programs are designed to educate students about their peer group’s abstinence rates, in the hope that they reduce their alcohol consumption according to the norm (Sands et. al, 1998). With these ideas, the study is conducted.

Statement of the problem

This study aimed to determine the perception of Grade 12 Students about alcoholic drinking in Notre Dame of Marbel University: Specifically, it sought to answer the questions: 1. What are the demographic profile in terms of age, sex and strand of the Grade 12 students? 2. What are the perceptions of the respondents in drinking alcohol? 3. What are the perceptions of the respondents when grouped according to age, sex, and strand regarding alcohol use?

Scope and delimitation

This study is only conducted to the Grade 12 students of Notre Dame of Marbel University for the school year 2017-2018 and was conducted inside the campus of NDMU. The focus of the study is to find out perception of grade 12 students in drinking alcohol. 3


Significance of the Study

The findings of the study may provide insight about the perceptions of the Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol, furthermore, this research can contribute new knowledge. It might be helpful to the following entities: To the school , this study can guide the school on what action that is needed as

they are now aware of the alcohol use and the perceptions of Senior High School students of NDMU. To the teachers, this study will give insights about alcohol use of students and can help them approach students regarding alcoholism. To the parents, this study will broaden their understanding on the impact of alcohol use

in the students’ performance in school. To the students , to help them determine and gauge their performance in school as in relation to their use of alcohol. To the future researchers, this broadens their understanding on drinking. This study will

also serve as their reference whenever similar studies will be conducted.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This shows an overview of previous related articles and related studies that enriches the study. Also, this chapter introduced the framework of the study which is the main focus and forms the structure of the research paper.

Conceptual Framework

The study revolves on the following listed on the table below and as an overview of what is the perception of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol in NDMU

Perception of Teenagers in Drinking Alcohol

Alcohol Use

Participants:

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

5



Age



Gender



Strands


Alcohol

Historically, alcoholic beverages have served as sources of needed nutrients. They have been widely used for their medicinal, antiseptic, and analgesic properties. The role of such beverages as thirst quenchers is obvious. They also play an important role in enhancing the enjoyment of life. They can be a social lubricant, facilitate relaxation, can provide pharmacological pleasure, and increase the pleasure of eating (Hanson, 2013).

There are types of alcoholic beverages that includes beer, cider, wine, and spirit. A beer is believed to be the alcoholic beverage that humans have been consuming the longest. It is created by fermenting any of a variety of starches including malted barley, rice, wheat, or maize. Types of beer include larger beers, which are fermented and conditioned at low temperature to give them milder taste, they are usually also a light color. Ales are made from malted barley and involve warm fermentation with brewer’s yeast. Wheat beers are made with wheat as well as barley that gives the beer the distinctive taste; this type of beer is particularly popular in Europe. Fruit beers are often made by adding flavor extracts to beer rather than fermenting fruit. Cider is made from fermented apple juice, it is sometimes referred to as apple wine. Wine can be created from fermented grapes or other fruits. Humans have been drinking wine for at least 8,000 years. Wine has also its types that include red wine, rose wine, white wine, champagne, and fortified

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wine. Red wine is a type of wine is made from red or black grapes. The taste of red wine is often described as more complex than that of white wine. Rose wine is a type of wine which is made from red grapes, but these undergo a special process to create the rose look. White wine is a type of wine is produced using white grapes. This type of wine has a lighter taste than the red or rose wine. Champagne is a type of wine that bubbles from the fermentation process due to carbon dioxide in the bottles. Fortified wine is a type of wine with distilled beverage added to them to make them stronger. The reason why fortified wines originally became popular was that they were easier to transport around the world by ship. Spirits, wherein it refers to those alcoholic drinks that have been distilled to make them stronger. Spirits have also its types that include vodka, whiskey, rum, tequila, gin, absinthe, and liqueurs. Vodka is usually made from distillation of grains or potatoes. Whiskey is a type of spirit that is usually made from fermented grain mash. Rum is a type of spirit that comes from sugarcane juice. Tequila is created from the blue agave plant. Gin is made from juniper berries. Absinthe is made from many different flowers. Liqueurs covers a wide range of drinks that involve the addition of herbs, nuts, fruits, spices, cream, or flowers. It is also possible to get other spirits that have been turned into liqueurs for example vodka liqueurs (Dara, 2008).

Though most of the types of alcohol are made of plants and fruits there is also growing concerns about the harmful effects of alcohol if abused. An early study of drinking problem was conducted between year 1975-1985 where it 7


stated that alcohol is abused if involved in weekly drinking more than 5 or more drinks per occasion (Berkowitz & Perkins, 1986). According to Arnarson (2017) drinking too much on a single occasion or overtime can take a serious toll on your health. That is because alcohol is metabolized by the liver, and frequent consumption can lead to increased fat inside liver cells. It can also lead to cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol abuse can impair brain function permanently. Also, heavy drinking and beer are linked to increased weight gain, while moderate drinking and wine are linked to reduced weight gain. Alcohol can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer, especially mouth and throat cancer. Lastly chronic alcohol abuse can have severe detrimental effects on the body and brain, increasing the risk of all sorts of diseases (Arnarson, 2017).

Gleaner (2013) proposed that in order to lessen the number of diseases of the alcohol users might get weigh in with her best advice for safe alcohol consumption. That includes: (1) know your limit, (2) eat food while you drink, (3) sip your drink, (4) accept a drink only when you really want one, (5) choose quality rather than quantity, (6) skip a drink now and then, (7) beware of unfamiliar drinks, (8) appoint a designated driver, (9) upper limits of drinks for males are 21 and for females are 14 drinks per week.

There is a theory called Alcohol – Expectancy theory wherein this theory suggests that individuals consume alcohol because they believe drinking will lead

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to a certain effect. Examples are increasing social interaction and relieving tension, and these beliefs have long been suggested to influence individuals' drinki ng levels (Brown et. al, 1980). Individuals may expect different types of alcoholic beverages to affect them in different ways, thus they may drink different types of beverages when seeking these differential effects. Previous research suggests that individuals perceive differences among varying types of alcoholic beverages regarding the alcohol type's global positive (e.g., alcohol leads to good outcomes) or negative (e.g., alcohol leads to negative outcomes) effects. Studies found individuals reported higher negative expectancies for drinking shots of distilled spirits and higher positive expectancies for beer and wine (Lang, Kaas, & Barnes, 1983). In relation to this study, Hudspeth (2017) gave different types of alcohol that can give you different emotional responses. For example, 53 percent of respondents reported that red wine made them feel relaxed. There’s a physiological explanation for this. Red wine contains high levels of melatonin, the hormone that tells our brains it’s time to go to bed. Another example is that beer relaxes the user, but the carbohydrates therein also have a reputation for making drinkers drowsy. However According to Gonzales (2013) “Alcohol is alcohol”, which is to say that the alcohol in wine is the same as the alcohol in beer which is all the same as the alcohol in the unholy red-cup concoction at a dorm room game of King's Cup. That alcohol is ethyl alcohol, otherwise known as ethanol, and it'll get you drunk. The fact that liquor tends to contain higher concentrations of ethanol

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than wine, and wine higher concentrations than beer, means that the same volume of different alcoholic beverages will get you more or less drunk, which is the "standard drink" rule.

Age

According to Salas-Wright et. al (2016), binge drinking and violent attacks among youth between ages twelve and twenty-four or twenty-five. Although youth drink less often than adults does, when they do drink, they drink more. 90 percent of young people consume alcohol by binge drinking. And binge drinking is the over consumption of many beverages on an occasion. As people gets older, drinking alcohol and binge drinking becomes more prevalent. As adolescents get older, they tend to drink more. Prevalence of drinking by boys and girls is similar, although among older adolescents, boys binge more than girls (Johnston, Miech, & O’Malley, 2015). Underage drinking poses a range of risks and negative consequences. It is dangerous because it causes many deaths, many injuries, impairs judgment such as drinking and driving, sexual activity (such as unprotected sex), and aggressive or violent behavior. It increases the risk of physical and sexual assault. Some adolescent drinks because of risk taking, expectancies, sensitivity and tolerance to alcohol , personality characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity, hereditary factors, and environmental aspect. ( National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006). Thus, perhaps the best way to understand

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and prevent underage alcohol use is to view drinking as it relates to development. This "entire framework" way to deal with underage drinking considered an immature's exceptional hazard and defensive elements —from hereditary qualities and identity attributes to social and ecological components. Seen along these lines, advancement incorporates the pre-adult's characteristic hazard and strength as well as the present conditions that assistance to shape his or her conduct (Sroufe & Rutter, 1984.)

Gender

Alcohol was frequently used in childbirth throughout the ages and beer was thought to fortify a woman for breast feeding. Hot toddies of various fruit tonics have been used for centuries for menstrual cramps and for pre-menstrual tension. In the later part of the 19th Century many women drank tonics with high alcohol contents to ease the frustrations of child rearing or for depression. Women who were alcoholics during this period were often labeled hysterical. They were not called alcoholics because it conflicted with their role as good mother, wife or wellmannered spinster (Hornik, 1977). However, alcohol consumption among women has begun to attract increased attention. This appears to have resulted from the rise of feminism, increased drinking by women, and health concerns such as "hidden alcoholism" and cirrhosis of the liver (Chalfant & Roper, 1980). Because

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of this, the youth are the future, considerable attention has been directed toward drinking among college women.

Several reasons were counseled for the differential in consuming styles between men and women (Myerson, 1940; Gusfield, 1962; Lisansky,1958). Windham

and

Aldridge

(1965)

as

well

as

Siegel

(1952)

noted the traditional perception that the use and abuse of alcohol changed into a male prerogative. Clark (1967) suggested that drinking differences are based largely on the expectation that female sex roles are characterized by what he termed "conventionality." By this he referred to the "acceptance of the dominant 'official' standards of morality and propriety" Preston (1964) similarly asserted that drinking is often a symbol that differentiates the sexes. Windham and Aldridge (1965) additionally pointed out that women traditionally tended to be economically dependent on and subordinate to men. In this regard, Knupfer, Fink, & Goffman (1963) emphasized that other members of the population who do not earn their living by paid work also have more restricted drinking privileges than adult free males-for example, children, prisoners, mental patients, and persons on relief. Wilsnack & Wilsnack (1978) point out that increased drinking among females might be a result of the women’s movement and changes in women’s roles, especially changes that involve exposure to formerly masculine environments and roles. They suggest that changes in sex roles might increase women’s exposure to alcohol and opportunities to drink. It might modify traditional norms against female 12


drinking, thereby making drinking more permissible and might offer females new goals and aspirations, hence, causing stress that alcohol might be used to reduce.

Recent study of Palmera (2010) about alcoholism states that men are more at risk for abusing or becoming dependent on alcohol than women. But the drops in the price, which has led to wine and beer becoming regular items in the supermarket shopping trolley and part of everyday life at home, has also been a factor, alongside deliberate marketing targeted at women (Sarah Boseley, 2016). Men are also constantly more than two times as likely as women to record continual heavy ingesting (at suggest intake thresholds various from forty to eighty grams of ethanol a day) (de Lima et. al, 2003). Recurrent alcohol intoxication is much more prevalent and more frequent among men than among women (Hao, 2004; Makela et al, 2001; Rehm et al., 2001). It is said that among late teenagers or college students gender gaps in continual or episodic heavy ingesting may be smaller (Dawson et. al, 2004) Men are much more likely than women to record diagnosable alcohol abuse, both currently Bijl, et. al, (2002) or as a lifetime enjoyment (Kawakami et al., 2004; Meyer et al., 2000). Men are also much more likely than women to report diagnosable alcohol dependence, currently or as a lifetime. A higher percentage of men are likely to drink, to drink more often, to consume more, and to experience more drinking problems than women. While the differentials in drinking patterns and problems might be narrowing, they clearly

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remain significant and potent. To be most effective, alcohol policies and programs must reflect these continuing differentials (Hanson & Engs, in press).

Perceptions

According to Social Norms Theory, our perceptions and beliefs of what is ‘normal’ behavior by others will influence our own behavior (Berkowitz, 2005). This implies that what others do may influence us to do also what they called so as 'normal' but for others is not. Eventually the environment where we are will push us into doing things that what they believe is normal. An act that what used to be not normal will just became an ordinary act to everyone. For example, the belief that others drink heavily will have considerable influence on the amount a person drinks. According to Myers (2010) Our perceptions are only one small step in getting to the truth. Humans quest for knowledge begins with sensory input. The collection of sensory inputs about an object leads to our perception of what that object is (consider the feel, smell, and taste of a lemon). Then our capacity for reason begins (Myers, 2010). Alcohol use interventions should aim at correcting misperceptions by providing normative feedback on prevailing drinking norms. One hypothesis is that individuals with heavy alcohol use should decrease their consumption by correcting the misperception (Bertholet, 2010)

Peluso (2007) studied the popular perception show that individuals with alcohol dependence are viewed as more responsible for their problem, and more 14


violent and unpredictable than other individuals affected by mental disorders . They provoke more negative reactions in the population such as a desire for greater social distance and greater rejection than individuals with other disorders, except for drug dependence. In addition, alcohol dependence is one of the conditions for which the public is least willing to spend public financial resources. These neg ative reactions are even more frequent than the ones reported for schizophrenia

Teenagers, as a population group, incorporate cultural patterns that are valued in the context in which they are integrated. Alcohol consumption by adolescents is related to the specific group behavior of this age and may be influenced by friends and characterized as a facilitator and a precondition of interaction and permanence within a group. The risk of adolescents beginning to consume alcohol rises because of their position in the social network of friends, and friends of friends. This consumption is positively and significantly correlated when family members are also consumers. Parenting styles and parental attitudes and behaviors are significant factors associated with heavy drinking. However, there is a lack of studies in relationship to the perception of teenagers on the aspects involved to the initiation and persistence of this habit (Freitas, 2014)

HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant difference between the alcohol use and the demographic profile of Senior High School students. 15


The study uses hypothesis in statistics that proposes that no statistical significance or no relationship exists in a set of given observations. It shows that no variation exists between variables or that a single variable is no difference than its mean. It presumes to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To have an easy and better understanding of terms for the readers, the researchers define the following terms: Alcohol is a beverage. It is classed as a depressant, meaning that it slows down

vital functions — resulting in slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and an inability to react quickly. Alcohol Use is an unhealthy or dangerous drinking habits, such as drinking every

day or drinking too much at a time. Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory

information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the strategic plan to know the perceptions of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University. Many activities in conducting the research including the following operations: research design, research locale, research respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedures and data analysis. Research Design

The descriptive survey method was used in this study. The study described the perception on drinking alcohol of Grade 12 students of NDMU. Description was based on the demographic profile, the extent of drinking alcohol, and the perception of grade 12 students.

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Perceptions of Grade 12 Students in Drinking Alcohol at Notre Dame of Marbel University

Locale of the Study Notre Dame of Marbel University

Demographic Profile Age

Respondents of the study

Sex Grade 12 Students

Strand Instrument Questionnaires about the perceptions of the respondents

Extent of Drinking Alcohol

Data gathering procedure

Ask permission from the principal’s office Data Analysis

Mean Frequency Figure 2. Research Paradigm

T-test ANOVA

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Research Locale

Notre Dame of Marbel University was chosen as the location by the researchers to conduct their study. The University, located in Koronadal City, South Cotabato where it offers senior high schooling will be a perfect locale for the study because it is accessible for the researchers and the respondents are in big population, good for conducting quantitative study.

Figure 3. Location Map 19


Research Respondent

The respondents were the Grade 12 senior high school students of NDMU from the strands ABM, HUMSS, and STEM. The respondents is perfect for the study because of the big population and their diverse profiles.

Table 1. Distribution of respondents per section

Section

Total population

No. of respondents

STEM 12-1

50

50

STEM 12-2

49

49

STEM 12-3

49

49

STEM 12-4

52

52

STEM 12-5

50

50

STEM 12-6

51

51

STEM 12-7

48

48

STEM 12-8

51

51

STEM 12-9

49

49

STEM 12-10

49

49

ABM 12-1

47

47

ABM 12-2

50

50

20


ABM 12-3

51

50

ABM 12-4

49

49

HUMSS 12-1

39

39

HUMSS 12-2

37

37

HUMSS 12-3

37

37

TOTAL

810

810

Research and Instrumentation

This study used the questionnaire in order to gather data for the completion of the study. The questionnaire is adapted from Margarita Antonia Villar Luis II on the Development and Validation of a Scale of Attitudes towards Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Alcoholics. The questionnaire is composed of three parts. The first part asked about the demographic profile of the respondents their name which is optional, age, sex, and their strand and section. The second part with 4 questions which are about their extent of drinking alcohol. The respondents are given 4 choices: always, often, sometimes, and never. The third part have 12 statements which are about their perception on drinking alcohol. The respondents are asked to rate the statements by the researcher given response: strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.

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Data Gathering

Permission was asked from the principal of Senior High School. A formal letter of communication was sent explaining the purpose and nature of the study. The permission was granted. The researchers went room to room to spread survey sheets. The purpose of their survey was explained clearly to be understood by the respondents.

The

respondents

answered

the

questionnaire.

Then,

the

respondents’ answers were collated and tabulated. Data Analysis

The results from the survey will be analyzed through tallying method. The answers of the respondents, based on their age, gender, and strand would be tallied by the researchers to determine the alcohol use of the grade 12 Senior High School students of NDMU. In identifying the frequencies and percentages to answer all the questions in the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis. The results are presented using graphs and tables, followed by a relevant discussion.

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CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by a discussion of the research findings. The findings of the research relate to the research questions that guides the study. Profile of the Respondents

This set of data was intended to describe demographic variables of the sample and to assess for any influences on the research findings. The demographic data consisted of age were in respondents whose age category is from 16-19, male and female for the sex of the respondents, and STEM, ABM, and HUMSS for the strand of the respondents.

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Table 2: Frequency of Profile of Respondents Age

Sex

Strand

Profile

Frequency

16

6

17

196

18

565

19

43

Total

810

Male

324

Female

486

Total

810

ABM

205

HUMSS

118

STEM

487

Total

810

Percentage (%) 0.74% 24.20% 69.75% 5.31% 100.00% 40.00% 60.00% 100.00% 25.31% 14.57% 60.12% 100.00%

Age of the respondents is one of the most important characteristics in understanding their views about the problems in the age indicates level of maturity of individuals in that sense age becomes more important to examine the response. The respondents have been classified into four groups of age: 16 years old as to be the youngest of all the respondents, 17 years old, 18 years old and 19 years old as to be the oldest of all the respondents who answered the questionnaires. 24


Table 2 indicates that there were no respondents whose age was less than 16 years old. Among 810 respondents who have been given a questionnaire, 0.74% responded that they are 16 years old, 5.31% of the respondents are 19 years old, 24.20% of the respondents responded to be 17 years old, and more than half (69.75%) of the respondents are 18 years old. It means that the majority of our respondents were under the age group of eighteen, and the least respondents were under the age group of 16. It is quite clear that out of the total respondents investigated for this study, overwhelming majority (60%) of them were females whereas about 40% were found to be males. Out of 810 respondents 14.57% of the respondents responded to be a HUMSS students, 25.31% of the respondents responded to be an ABM student, and more than half (60.12%) of the respondents responded to be a STEM student. It means that the researchers have a greater number of 18-year-old female respondents under the strand of STEM. Perceptions of the Respondents in Drinking Alcohol

The table 3 shows the statements that can be found in the questionnaires given to the respondents in able to know their perceptions in drinking alcohol. The researchers divided 16 questions into two sets. Also, the table shows the mean of different statements with a corresponding verbal description.

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Table 3 Alcohol Use

STATEMENTS 1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking? 3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home? Legend: 4.00 – 3.25 Always 3.24 – 2.50 Often 2.49- 1.75 Sometimes 1.724 – 1.00 Never

Mean 2.53

Verbal Description

2.69 2.49 2.91

Often Sometimes Often

Often

Table 4 Perceptions in Drinking Alcohol

STATEMENTS Mean 1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2.09 2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel 2.05 good. 2.11 3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is 2.05 considered as drinking socially. 5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual 2.97 dependent. 2.60 6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful. 2.65 7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 2.65 8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial. 9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 2.50 2.57 10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 2.52 11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 12. There are people who know how to drink and know how 2.65 to control themselves. Legend: 4.00 – 3.25 3.24 – 2.50 2.49- 1.75 1.74 – 1.00

Strongly Disagree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

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Verbal Description Disagree Disagree Disagree Disagree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree Agree


The tables 3 and 4 show the opinion of the respondents in every corresponding statement. 2.97 or 31.60% of the respondents agrees with the statement that beverages, in any amount can make an individual dependent. 2.65 or 35.06% of the respondents are against in using alcohol at any time. 2.65 or 43.83% of the respondents agrees with the statement that alcohol in small amounts is considered beneficial. 2.65 or 33.09% of the respondents agrees with the statement that there are people who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves. 2.05 or 29.38% of the respondents agrees with the statement that alcoholic beverages are enjoyable, and it can make people feel good. 2.09 or 15.43% of the respondents disagrees with the statement that people have the right to drink if they wanted to. 2.11 or 25.68% of the respondents disagrees with the statement that the use of alcohol is normal. Also, 2.91 or 14.94% of the respondents said that their parents often permit them to drink alcohol at home. And that when they drink 2.69 or 18.89% respondents often have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time. 2.49 or 20.74% of the respondents said that their parents sometimes know they drink alcohol.

Significant Differences of the Respondents

Tables 5, 6 and 7 shows the significant difference in relation to age, gender and strand of the respondents in every corresponding question given. 27


Table 5 Age of the Respondents Statements

Age 16

17

18

19

Mean

VD

Mean

VD

Mean

VD

Mean

VD

1. How often do you drink alcohol?

3.33

Always

2.19

Sometimes

2.04

Sometimes

2.05

Sometimes

2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking?

3.50

Always

2.06

Sometimes

2.04

Sometimes

2.05

Sometimes

3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?

2.17

Sometimes

1.98

Sometimes

2.13

Sometimes

2.37

Sometimes

4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?

2.50

Often

1.97

Sometimes

2.08

Sometimes

1.95

Sometimes

1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to.

3.50

Strongly Agree

3.02

Agree

2.97

Agree

2.65

Agree

2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good.

2.50

Agree

2.63

Agree

2.61

Agree

2.33

Agree

3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal.

2.83

Strongly Agree

2.70

Agree

2.65

Agree

2.47

Agree

4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially.

3.00

Agree

2.64

Agree

2.66

Agree

2.51

Agree

5.Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent.

2.67

Agree

2.52

Agree

2.45

Disagree

3.16

Agree

6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.

3.00

Agree

2.59

Agree

2.58

Agree

2.33

Disagree

7. I am against using alcohol at any time.

2.67

Agree

2.54

Agree

2.52

Agree

2.44

Disagree

8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.

3.33

Strongly Agree

2.68

Agree

2.65

Agree

2.47

Disagree

9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.

3.17

Agree

2.57

Agree

2.53

Agree

2.40

Disagree

10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.

3.17

Agree

2.74

Agree

2.68

Agree

2.56

Agree

11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence

3.17

Agree

2.54

Agree

2.46

Disagree

2.44

Disagree

12. There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves.

3.67

Strongly Agree

2.92

Agree

2.91

Agree

2.70

Agree

The table 5 shows the perceptions in drinking alcohol of the respondents in relation to their age. Sixteen years - old respondents strongly agreed on the following statements: There are people who knows how to drink and knows how 28


to control themselves with a mean of 3.67, They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 3.50, and Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial with a mean of 3.33. There are respondents who agreed on the following statements: Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and can make people feel good. with a mean of 2.50, Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 2.67, They are against in using alcohol at any time with a mean of 2.67, and Their usage of alcoholic beverages is normal with a mean of 2.83. 17 years old respondents have different opinions wherein the respondents agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 3.02, There are people who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.92, Alcoholic beverages are normal with a mean of 2.70, Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual independent with a mean of 2.52, They are against using alcohol at the same time with a mean of 2.54, Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.54, and Alcohol relieves daily tension with a mean of 2.57. 18 years old respondents also have different opinions wherein the respondents agreed with the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There are people who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.91, They are in favor of drinking moderately with a mean of 2.68. there are 18 years old 29


respondents who disagreed with the following statements: Beverages in any amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 2.45, and Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.46. there are respondents who are against with alcohol use at any time, with a mean of 2.52. 19 years old respondents also have different opinions from the other age group. The respondents agreed on the following statements: Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 3.16, There are people who knows how to drink and knows how to control themselves with a mean of 2.70, They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.65. There are 19 years old respondents who disagreed on the following statements: Drinking alcoholic beverages is not harmful with a mean of 2.33, Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.40, They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.44, and Small amount of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.44. When it comes to the alcohol use of the respondents, 16 years old respondents always drink alcohol while other age range sometimes drink alcohol. 16 years old respondents said that when they drink alcohol they always have five or more drink at a time while other age range consumes five or more drink sometimes. According to all the respondents their parents sometimes know if they consume or drink alcohol. The parents of the respondents whose age group is from 17-19 sometimes permit their children to drink alcohol at home while according to 30


the 16 years old respondents, their parents often permits them to drink alcohol at home. Table 5 Sex of the Respondents Sex Male

Statements

1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking? 3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home? 1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good. 3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially. 5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent. 6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful. 7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial. 9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 12. There are people who know how to drink and k now how to control themselves.

31

Female

Mean

Verbal Description

Mean

Verbal Description

1.97

Sometimes

2.26

Sometimes

1.96

Sometimes

2.19

Sometimes

2.06

Sometimes

2.18

Sometimes

2.01

Sometimes

2.10

Sometimes

2.97

Agree

2.97

Agree

2.56

Agree

2.65

Agree

2.59

Agree

2.74

Agree

2.59

Agree

2.73

Agree

2.36

Disagree

2.71

Agree

2.54

Agree

2.62

Agree

2.54

Agree

2.50

Agree

2.63

Agree

2.68

Agree

2.48

Disagree

2.61

Agree

2.64

Agree

2.77

Agree

2.39

Disagree

2.63

Agree

2.92

Agree

2.88

Agree


Table 5 shows that male respondents agreed on the following statements: that They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves. With a mean of 2.92, and that They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.64. There are male respondents who disagreed on the following statements. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent. With a mean of 2.36, Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.39, and Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.46. For the female respondents, they agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves with a mean of 2.88, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.77, They are against using alcohol at any time with a mean of 2.50, Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.61, and Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful with a mean of 2.62. Both male and female said that they sometimes drink alcohol, and when they drink they sometimes have five or more drink of alcohol at a time when drinking. According to male and female respondents, their parents sometimes know they drink alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.

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Table 6 Strand of the Respondents Strands Statements

ABM

HUMSS

Verbal Description

Mean

2.03

Sometimes

2.03

1.97

Sometimes

2.13

4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home?

STEM Mean

Verbal Description

Sometimes

2.13

Sometimes

2.11

Sometimes

2.08

Sometimes

Sometimes

2.21

Sometimes

2.08

Sometimes

2.03

Sometimes

2.11

Sometimes

2.04

Sometimes

1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good. 3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially. 5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent.

2.95

Agree

2.99

Agree

2.97

Agree

2.54

Agree

2.58

Agree

2.62

Agree

2.58

Agree

2.64

Agree

2.68

Agree

2.60

Agree

2.62

Agree

2.68

Agree

2.32

Disagree

2.57

Agree

2.59

Agree

6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful.

2.54

Agree

2.53

Agree

2.59

Agree

7. I am against using alcohol at any time.

2.47

Disagree

2.61

Agree

2.54

Agree

8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial.

2.54

Agree

2.61

Agree

2.71

Agree

9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions.

2.44

Disagree

2.50

Agree

2.58

Agree

10. I am favorable to drinking moderately.

2.60

Agree

2.71

Agree

2.73

Agree

11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 12. There are people who know how to drink and 2.89 know how to control themselves.

2.37

Disagree

2.42

Disagree

2.55

Agree

Agree

2.89

2.92

Agree

Mean

1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking? 3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol?

33

Verbal Description

Agree


Table 6 shows the perception of the respondents according to the strand of the respondents. The table shows that respondents under the strand of ABM agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.95, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control themselves with a mean of 2.89, They believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially with a mean of 2.60, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.60. There are respondents from ABM strand who disagreed with the following statement: Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent with a mean of 2.32, Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.37, and Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.44. Respondents under the HUMSS strand agreed on the following statements: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.99, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control with a mean of 2.89, and They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.71. there are respondents coming from STEM who disagreed with the statement: Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.42. Respondents also agreed on the following statements: Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.50, and Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful with a mean of 2.53, I am against using alcohol at any time. 34


Respondents under the STEM strand agreed on the following questions: They believe people have the right to drink if they wanted to with a mean of 2.97, There are people who know how to drink and know how to control them selves with a mean of 2.92, They are in favor to drinking moderately with a mean of 2.73, They are against using alcohol at any time with a mean of 2.54, Small amounts of alco hol can cause dependence with a mean of 2.55, and Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions with a mean of 2.58. All respondents coming from different strands said that they sometimes drink alcohol and when they drink they sometimes have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking. According to all respondents their parents sometimes know they drink alcohol and sometimes permits them to drink at home.

35


CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The following chapter concludes this study. A summary of the research is presented,

and

findings

of

the

study

are

discussed

and

interpreted.

Recommendations for further research end the chapter.

Summary

1. This study is a quantitative study which was designed to know the perceptions of Grade 12 students in drinking alcohol in NDMU, and it is designed to know the significant difference of alcohol use to age, gender and strand of the respondents. 2. As per design the total respondents of this study comprised of grade 12 students with age ranging from 16 to 19 years. The respondents consist of 810 students with 324 males and 486 females. The respondents were given a questionnaire adapted from Margarita Antonia Villa Luis II on the development and validation of a scale of attitudes towards alcohol, alcoholism, and alcoholics. 3. To obtain data for the perceptions of grade 12 students in drinking and their alcohol use, the percentage of the total responses obtained from the respondents were used. Hence the overall data respective to each variable was collected.

36


4. Within the given age range of the respondents (16-19 years old) 16 years old respondents are the one who always drink compared to other age range, and when they drink, they sometimes have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time. All respondents claimed that sometimes their parents know that they drink alcohol and often permits them to drink alcohol at home. In relation to their sexes with their alcohol use and perception, both male and female sometimes drink alcohol with five or more drinks at a time. In relation to their strand with their alcohol use and perception, all respondents coming from different strands claimed that they sometimes drink alcohol with five or more drinks at a time. The results from the data gathered shows that the respondents agreed on the statements five to twelve and disagreed on the statements one to four. And with that there was a significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand of the respondents. Conclusion

From the analysis it was found out that: 1. Grade 12 students who most likely always indulge themselves in alcoholic drinking were females whose age is 16 years old under the strand of STEM. While students whose age ranges from 17-19 sometimes indulge into alcoholic drinking.

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2. Grade 12 students believe that people have the rights to drink alcohol if they want to. They believe that the consumption of alcohol is fine if the usage of alcohol is not harmful, and it can make anyone feels good. 3. There is a significant difference in terms of age, sex, and strand regarding alcohol use.

Recommendations

The following recommendations are suggested by the researchers. Long term assessments are particularly constrained by the availability and reliability of recorded data. The frequency, and often the methodology, in which censuses and surveys are made do not always suit the purposes of this kind of research . Base from our study, the researchers focused on the perceptions of Grade 12 students with the sub-variables age, sex, and strand. 1. The researchers believed that the consumption of alcoholic beverages is fine whether what age, sex, and strands they belong. But the researchers suggested that this kind of attitude towards alcohol should be lessened. 2. For the school, the researchers would like to recommend that the guidance office will conduct more programs and seminars that emphasizes how to control the alcohol intake of the students, the school must raise an awareness to the students about the bad effects of alcohol if overused.

38


3. For the parents, the researchers would like to recommend that they should have a parent and child talk especially refreshing the do’s and the don’ts rule. 4. Lastly, for the students who drinks alcohol we recommend control to their alcoholic beverages consumption.

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Bibliography

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APPENDICES

43


APPENDIX A January ___, 2018 MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS Senior High School Principal Coordinator Notre Dame of Marbel University Dear Ma’am:

We the researchers of Senior High School STEM 12 -9 students of NDMU will conduct a research entitled “Perceptions of Grade 12 Students at NDMU for Drinking Alcohol.” In line with this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct a survey in selected senior high school students in NDMU in order to gather data that will provide information to answer the problem that were set at the beginning of this endeavor. Hoping for your positive and immediate response on this request. Thank you and Mabuhay! Respectfully yours, TALAGTAG, KIETH LESTER, M. Leader/Researcher

Noted by: MRS. ANALYN M. CABATINGAN, PhD Subject Teacher/Adviser Approved by: MRS. LEANN JESTER D. ROSALI, MS Senior High School Coordinator

44


APPENDIX B Dear Respondent, We, the Grade 12 Students of Notre Dame of Marbel University taking up the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Strand, are having our practical Research II for the 2 nd Semester. Presently, we are conducting research on the study entitled “Perception of Grade 12 Students at NDMU in Drin king Alcohol”. The purpose of this study is to know and discuss the insights and perceptions of Grade 12 NDMU Students in drinking alcohol. In line with this, we would like you to be a respondent in our study. The information that will be gathered from you will be kept with confidentiality. We are sincerely hoping for your consideration and kind cooperation. Truly yours, MR. KIETH LESTER M. TALAGTAG Leader/Researcher

A. Profile of the Respondent

Name (optional): _______________

Age: ___

Sex: ____

Strand and Section: ____________

B. Questionnaire Direction: Please check the box of your choice to represent yo ur answer that best fits with how the following applies to you. Use the rat ing scale provided below. SCALE: 4- Always 2- Sometimes 3- Often 1- Never 4

3

2

1

1. How often do you drink alcohol? 2. Do you ever have five or more drinks of alcohol at a time when drinking? 3. Do your parents know you drink alcohol? 4. Do your parents permit you to drink alcohol at home? C. Perception of Students Drinking Alcohol Directions: Read each statement mentioned thoroughly and check the box with the answer that best fits yo u. The following are the indicato rs: Scale

Response

4

Strongly Agree

3

Agree

2

Disagree

1

Strongly Disagree

STATEMENTS

1. I believe people have the right to drink if they want to. 2. Alcoholic beverages are enjoyable and make people feel good. 3. The use of alcoholic beverages is normal. 4. I believe that drinking any type of alcoholic beverage is considered as drinking socially. 5. Beverages, in any amount, will make an individual dependent. 6. Drinking alcoholic beverages moderately is not harmful. 7. I am against using alcohol at any time. 8. Alcohol, in small amounts, is considered beneficial. 9. Alcoholic beverages relieve the daily tensions. 10. I am favorable to drinking moderately. 11. Small amounts of alcohol can cause dependence. 12. There are people who know how to drink an d know how to control themselves. Thank you for your participation!

45

4

3

2

1


CURRICULUM VITAE

46


Name: Nestor G. Diosana, Jr. Birthdate: July 26, 1999 Place of Birth: Rural Health Unit, Sto. Niño, South

Cotabato Mobile Number: M. Roxas, Sto. Niño, South Cotabato Mobile number: 09362690889 Place of Education: Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED Elementary: Montessori Casa Precious Jewels

47


Name: Noel John Z. Jaducan Birthdate: December 8, 1999 Place of Birth: Koronadal City Current Address: Medallia Milagrosa, Tampakan, South

Cotabato Mobile Number : 09153349759 Place of Education: Senior High School : Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand Junior High School : Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel Elementary: Mary Land School of Marbel

48


Name: Marlou P. Ponte II Birthdate: March 09, 1999 Place of Birth: Koronadal City Current Address: Purok Ramos, Sta. Cruz, Koronadal

City Mobile number: 09189175900 Place of Education: Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand Junior High School: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel Elementary: Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel

49


Name: Adrian Bernard A. Recinto Birthdate: August 07, 1999 Place of Birth: Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat Current Address: Zone II – A, Capurihan Subdivision, Surallah, South Cotabato Mobile number: 09352133590 Place of Education: Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand Junior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED Elementary: Notre Dame of Marbel University – IBED Hobbies: Watching vlogs and anime, playing musical instruments, writing stories,

singing, composing songs, playing basketball

50


Name: Claire Nicolle C. Robles Birthdate: July 09, 1999 Place of Birth: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat Current Address: Tibpuan, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat Contact: 09105462619 Place of Education: Senior High School: Notre Dame of Marbel University – STEM Strand Junior High School: Lebak Legislated National High School Elementary: Gestosani Memorial Elementary School

51

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