LGFDZV LGU GXXOEKMJKR
Dk
Sgmjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89-Dfajhr, Xhdsj gkb Gsslohgrodk
Xzfmorrjb rd1 Mv+ Sgkh`bjy Vox`o
Xzfmorrjb f1 Gkomjx` Nzmgv F+G+LL+F+(@/, YO Xjm+ Jkvl+ Kd+ G073083?38:
Sgymjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89
6376
GHNKDULJBEMJKR
Sgymjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89-Dfajhr, Xhdsj R`ox gxxoekmjkr ox okrjkbjb rd hdyjv r`j rdsoh Sgymjkr “
gkb Gsslohgrodk di Lgfdzv Lgu+ Fgxoh gkb svj-vjwzoxorj okidvmgrodk `gx fjjk okhlzbjb+ ”
O ghnkduljbej r`j okxsovgrodk gkb fljxxoke di m vjxsjhrjb ighzlr Mv+ Sgkh`bjy Vox`o+ @j mgbj m gll bdzfr hvxrgl hljgv+ O gm izll di evgrorzbj rd m xjkodvx Svgron Mox`vg, Mggkn Bzfj, Svgrjjn Mox`vg, Voh`g Xvoygxrgyg gkb _gx` F`gvbuga idv r`j sgrojkhj x`duk gkb jkhdzvgejmjkr eoyjk rd hdmsljrj r`ox gxxoekmjkr+ M `jgvrizl r`gknx gvj bzj rd m ivojkbx Svogkx`z, Svojx`, Xmvoro, Gox`ugvg, Svog, gkb Egzvgy (H`gh`g/ idv svdyoboke okxsovgrodk gkb vjljygkr vjxdzvhjx+ Ok r`j lgxr fzr kdr r`j ljgxr, m xjkxj di evgrorzbj ox bzj rd GMOR_ LGU XH@DDL, LZHNKDU+ LZHNKDU+ Jyjv jiidvr `gx fjjk mgbj rd gydob jvvdvx gkb moxrgnjx> `dujyjv r`jov svjxjkhj hgkkdr fj vzljb dzr+
G
Sgymjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89
6376
R`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89 ox g hjkrvgl ljeoxlgrodk u`oh` `gx fjjk jkghrjb rd vjezlgrj r`j sgmjkr di ugejx rd udvnjvx jmsldjb ok hjvrgok xsjhoiojb okbzxrvojx gkb rd jkxzvj g xsjjb gkb jiijhroyj vjmjb rd r`jm gegokxr olljegl bjbzhrodkx gkb$dv zkazxroiojb bjlg hgzxjb ok sgoke ugejx rd r`jm+ Or gsslojx rd r`j sjvxdkx jmsldjb ok g ighrdv, okbzxrvogl dv dr`jv jxrgflox`mjkr dv ok g vgolug, u`jr`jv bovjhrl dv okbovjhrl, r`vdze` g xzf-hdkrvghrdv+ Izvr`jv, r`j Ghr ox gsslohgflj rd jmsldjjx bvguoke ugejx zsrd Vx+ 7933$- g mdkr`+ R`j Hjkrvgl Edyjvkmjkr ox vjxsdkxoflj idv jkidvhjmjkr di r`j Ghr ok vgolugx, mokjx, doliojlbx gkb gov rvgkxsdvr xjvyohjx, u`olj r`j Xrgrj Edyjvkmjkrx gvj vjxsdkxoflj idv or ok ighrdvojx gkb dr`jv okbzxrvogl jxrgflox`mjkrx+ R`j fgxoh svdyoxodkx di r`j Ghr gvj gx idlldux1
R`j sjvxdk vjxsdkxoflj idv sgmjkr di ugejx x`gll iop r`j ugej sjvodb zsrd u`oh` ugej sgmjkr ox rd fj mgbj+ Kd ugej-sjvodb x`gll jphjjb dkj mdkr`+
Gll ugejx x`gll fj sgob ok hzvvjkr ljegl rjkbjv, r`gr ox, ok hzvvjkr hdok dv hzvvjkh kdrjx dv fdr`+ @dujyjv, r`j jmsldjv mg, girjv dfrgokoke uvorrjk gzr`dvoxgrodk di udvnjvx, sg ugejx jor`jv f h`jwzj dv f hvjboroke r`j ugejx ok r`jov r `jov fgkn ghhdzkrx+
Gll sgmjkr di ugejx x`gll fj mgbj dk g udvnoke bg+ Ok vgolugx, ighrdvojx dv okbzxrvogl jxrgflox`mjkrx jmsldoke ljxx r`gk 7333 sjvxdkx, ugejx mzxr fj sgob fjidvj r`j jpsov di r`j xjyjkr` bg girjv r`j lgxr bgrj di r`j ugej sjvodb+ Ok gll dr`jv hgxjx, ugejx mzxr fj sgob fjidvj r`j jpsov di r`j rjkr` bg girjv r`j lgxr bg di r`j ugej sjvodb+ @dujyjv, r`j ugejx di g udvnjv u`dxj xjvyohjx `gyj fjjk rjvmokgrjb x`gll fj sgob dk r`j kjpr bg girjv xzh` rjvmokgrodk+
Glr`dze` r`j ugejx di gk jmsldjb sjvxdk x`gll fj sgob rd `om uor`dzr bjbzhrodkx di gk nokb, r`j Ghr glldux bjbzhrodkx ivdm r`j ugejx di gk jmsldjj dk r`j ghhdzkr di r`j idllduoke1- (o/ iokjx> (oo/ gfxjkhj ivdm bzr> (ooo/ bgmgej rd dv ldxx di eddbx jpsvjxxl jkrvzxrjb rd r`j jmsldjj> (oy/ `dzxoke ghhdmmdbgrodk gkb gmjkorojx svdyobjb f r`j jmsldjv> (y/ vjhdyjv di gbygkhjx dv gbazxrmjkr di dyjv-sgmjkrx di ugejx> (yo/ vjhdyjv di ldgkx mgbj ivdm gk izkb hdkxrorzrjb idv r`j ujligvj di lgfdzv ok ghhdvbgkhj uor` r`j vzljx gssvdyjb f r`j Xrgrj Edyjvkmjkr, gkb r`j okrjvjxr bzj ok vjxsjhr r`jvjdi> (yoo/ xzfxhvosrodkx rd gkb idv vjsgmjkr di gbygkhjx ivdm gk svdyobjkr izkb>(yooo/ okhdmj-rgp> (op/ sgmjkrx rd hd-dsjvgroyj xdhojrojx
7
Sgymjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89
6376
gssvdyjb f r`j Xrgrj Edyjvkmjkr dv rd g xh`jmj di okxzvgkhj mgokrgokjb f r`j Okbogk Sdxr Diiohj> (p/ bjbzhrodkx mgbj uor` r`j uvorrjk gzr`dvoxgrodk di r`j jmsldjj idv sgmjkr di gk svjmozm dk `ox loij okxzvgkhj sdloh dv szvh`gxj di xjhzvorojx+ R`j Ghr svjxhvofjx idllduoke vzljx idv iokjx1
Iokjx x`gll fj omsdxjb idv gssvdyjb loxr di ghrx gkb dmoxxodkx+
G kdrohj xsjhoioke xzh` loxr x`gll fj jp`oforjb ok r`j svjxhvofjb mgkkjv dk r`j svjmoxjx ok u`oh` r`j jmsldmjkr ox hgvvojb dk dv gr r`j svjxhvofjb slghjx ok hgxj g sjvxdk ox jmsldjb ok vgolugx+
Kd iokj x`gll fj omsdxjb dk gk jmsldjb sjvxdk zkrol `j `gx fjjk eoyjk gk dssdvrzkor di x`duoke hgzxj gegokxr r`j iokj, dv dr`jv-uoxj, r`gk ok ghhdvbgkhj uor` xzh` svdhjbzvj gx mg fj svjxhvofjb idv r`j omsdxorodk di iokjx+
R`j rdrgl gmdzkr di iokj u`oh` mg fj omsdxjb ok gk dkj ugej sjvodb dk gk jmsldjb sjvxdk x`gll kdr jphjjb gk gmdzkr jwzgl rd r`vjj sjv hjkr di r`j ugejx sggflj rd `om ok vjxsjhr di r`gr ugej-sjvodb+
Kd iokj x`gll fj omsdxjb dk gk jmsldjb sjvxdk u`d ox zkbjv r`j gej di ioirjjk jgvx+
Kd iokj omsdxjb dk gk jmsldjb sjvxdk x`gll fj vjhdyjvjb ivdm `om f okxrglmjkrx dv girjv r`j jpsov di xopr bgx ivdm r`j bg bg dk u`oh` or ugx omsdxjb+
Gll iokjx gkb gll vjgloxgrodkx r`jvjdi x`gll fj vjhdvbjb ok g vjeoxrjv rd fj njsr f r`j sjvxdk vjxsdkxoflj idv r`j sgmjkr di ugejx+
@jkhj, r`j mgok dfajhr di r`j Ghr ox rd jlomokgrj jlomo kgrj gll mglsvghrohjx f lgoke bduk r`j romj gkb mdbj di sgmjkr di ugejx gx ujll gx xjhzvoke r`gr r`j udvnjvx gvj sgob r`jov ugejx gr vjezlgv okrjvyglx, uor`dzr gk zkgzr`dvoxjb bjbzhrodkx+ R`j Ghr ugx gmjkbjb f r`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx (Gmjkbmjkr/ Ghr, 633:Vx+ ok dvbjv rd jklgvej orx xhdsj gkb svdyobj idv
mdvj jiijhroyj jkidvhjmjkr+ R`j mgok gmjkbjb svdyoxodk ox r`j jk`gkhjmjkr di ugej hjoloke ivdm 7933$-sjv mdkr` rd Vx+ 9:33$-sjv mdkr` idv r`j gsslohgfolor di r`j Ghr gx ujll gx jmsdujvoke r`j Edyjvkmjkr rd jk`gkhj r`j hjoloke f kdroiohgrodk ok izrzvj+ R`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89 ox g hjkrvgl ljeoxlgrodk u`oh` gsslojx rd r`j sjvxdkx jmsldjb ok r`j ighrdvojx gkb rd sjvxdkx jmsldjb ok okbzxrvogl dv dr`jv jxrgflox`mjkrx 6
Sgymjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89
6376
xsjhoiojb ok xzf-hlgzxjx (g/ rd (e/ di hlgzxj (oo/ di xjhrodk 6 di r`ox Ghr+ R`ox Ghr bdjx kdr gssl dk udvnjvx u`dxj ugejx sggflj ok vjxsjhr di g ugej sjvodb gyjvgej Vx+ 7933$- g mdkr` dv mdvj+ Xokhj r`j mokomzm ugejx ok Bjl`o gvj mzh` `oe`jv, r`ox Ghr `gx fjhdmj glmdxr vjbzkbgkr ok orx svjxjkr idvm+ R`j Mokoxrv di Lgfdzv `gx glvjgb okorogrjb r`j svdhjxx idv xzorgflj gmjkbmjkr di r`ox Ghr+ R`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89 ugx jkghrjb rd vjezlgrj sgmjkr di ugejx rd udvnjvx jmsldjb ok Okbzxrvojx gkb rd jkxzvj g xsjjb gkb jiijhroyj vjmjb rd r`jm gegokxr olljegl bjbzhrodkx gkb$dv zkazxroiojb bjlg hgzxjb ok sgoke ugejx rd r`jm+ R`j jpoxroke ugej hjoloke zkbjv Sgmjkr di Ugejx Ghr, 7?89, ugx iopjb gr Vx+ 7933$- sm ok 7?06+ Uor` g yoju rd jk`gkhj r`j ugej hjoloke rd Vx+ 9:33$- s+m+ idv gsslohgfolor di r`j Ghr, rd jmsdujv r`j Hjkrvgl Edyjvkmjkr rd izvr`jv okhvjgxj r`j hjoloke ok izrzvj f ug di kdroiohgrodk gkb rd jk`gkhj r`j sjkgl svdyoxodkx jrh+, r`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx (Gmjkbmjkr/ Ghr, 633:, u`oh` ugx sgxxjb f fdr` @dzxjx di Sgvlogmjkr, `gx fjjk kdroiojb dk 9+?+633: gx gk Ghr 27 di 633: f r`j Mokoxrv di Lgu ) Azxrohj+ Xzfxjwzjkrl, r`j Mokoxrv di Lgfdzv ) Jmsldmjkr `gx oxxzjb r`j Kdroiohgrodk Kd+ X+D 7:55(J/ rd mgnj r`j Sgmjkr di Ugejx (Gmjkbmjkr/ Ghr, 633: jiijhroyj ivdm r`j ? Kdyjmfjv 633:+ Izvr`jv, ok jpjvhoxj di r`j sdujvx hdkijvvjb f xzf-xjhrodk (9/ di Xjhrodk 7 di r`j Ghr, r`j Hjkrvgl Edyjvkmjkr, dk r`j fgxox di ioezvjx i oezvjx di r`j Hdkxzmjv Jpsjkborzvj Xzvyj szflox`jb f Kgrodkgl Xgmslj Xzvyj Dvegkoqgrodk, `gx jk`gkhjb r`j ugej hjoloke, izvr`jv, rd Vx+ 73,333$- sjv mdkr` yobj egqjrrj kdroiohgrodk Kd+ X+D+ 7803 (J/ bgrjb 0r` Gzezxr, 6335+ Jkidvhjmjkr Mgh`okjv
R`j Hjkrvgl Edyjvkmjkr ox vjxsdkxoflj idv r`j gbmokoxrvgrodk di r`j Ghr ok vgolugx, mokjx, doliojlbx gkb gov rvgkxsdvr xjvyohjx, u`olj Xrgrj Edyjvkmjkrx gvj vjxsdkxoflj ok ighrdvojx gkb dr`jv okbzxrvogl jxrgflox`mjkrx+ Ok vjxsjhr di mgadv sdvrx, Xrgrj Edyjvkmjkrx `gyj gssdokrjb diiohjvx di r`j Hjkrvgl Okbzxrvogl Mgh`okjv gx Okxsjhrdv idv jkidvhoke r`j Ghr+ Sjkgl svdyoxodkx
Ok vjxsjhr di gk di r`j hdkrvgyjkrodk rd r`j svdyoxodkx di r`j Ghr lonj zkgzr`dvoqjb bjbzhrodkx, bjlgjb sgmjkrx jrh, r`j Ghr svdyobjx idv ygvodzx sjkgl svdyoxodkx gegokxr bjigzlroke jmsldjv+
8