ORGANIZAC.. OLTRA

Pgzvkfc}

P" 6 PCZVLZKG] LB IC] GBH\IC] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Mgojkgz zçpkfc fl olbvgikfgf

CJNLVKQC

Okzgz gbvl} fl zlmkjkz { fl}p|ë} fl pg}gz

Mcczfkbgz ocqkoklbvc} mcb { }kb jgiýb

Zlmigogz ig gvlbmkýb pcz |b igfc pgzg n|hgz pcz li cvzc

LTPIKMGMKÝB Kbvlbvgz ogzmgz hci lb ig} fc} pczvlzïg} fli zkqgi $lbazlbvl"+

MZKVLZKC] FL QGZKGJKIKFGF •

Qgzkgbfc bþolzc fl vcw|l} $7):)=) ikjzl+

•

Qgzkgbfc li l}pgmkc fl n|lhc

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Bþolzc fl vcw|l} lb a|bmkýb fl ig ~cbg fli mgopc

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Mcicmgz ig} pczvlzïg} azcbvgiolbvl

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Mcicmgz ig} pczvlzïg} lb mz|~

•

]l p|lfl n|hgz pcz flvzç} fl ig} pczvlzïg}

•

Pgzg kbvlbvgz ogzmgz hci) t pg}l} mcb}lm|vkqc}

•

Hci qçikfc lb ig} 6 pczvlzïg}

•

Flalbflz ig} pczvlzïg} mz|~gfg}

PGZVKFC PG]GZ OLFKCMGOPC MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC

Pzchzl}gz n|hgfczl} { plicvg n|bvc} Fk}vgbmkg lbvzl iïblg}

Mcczfkbgz ocqkoklbvc} mcb jgiýb

LTPIKMGMKÝB Pgzvkfc lb gmmkýb bczogi fl n|lhc" Pgzg hci qçikfc vklblb w|l mz|~gz li mlbvzc fli mgopc vcfc} ic} n|hgfczl} fli lw|kpc"


Qgzkgbfc bþolzc fl vcw|l} $7):)=) ikjzl+

•

Qgzkgbfc li l}pgmkc fl n|lhc

•

Bþolzc fl vcw|l} lb a|bmkýb fl ig ~cbg fli mgopc

•

]cic }l p|lfl mz|~gz li olfkc mgopc zlhgvlgbfc c mcbf|mklbfc

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Gfloç} }l }|ogzç |b hci pcz mgfg n|hgfcz w|l flnloc} fl}mcihgfc fli lw|kpc gfqlz}gzkc

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]l p|lfl ogzmgz lb ig} fc} pczvlzïg} }klopzl w|l pg}lb vcfc}

PGZVKFC JGBFG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Gopikv|f lb gvgw|l $pgzg }lz pzca|bfc dg{ w|l }lz gopikc+

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB Pgzvkfc lb gmmkýb bczogi fl n|lhc) ltmlpvc lb |bg ~cbg fl 4 olvzc}) fcbfl dg{ |bc} n|hgfczl} bl|vzc} w|l w|l n|lhgb n|lhgb mcb li pc}llfcz" pc}llfcz" Bc p|lflb lbvzgz lb l}g ~cbg) ~cbg) bk mcopg÷lzc} mcopg÷lzc} bk zkqgil}


Fkalzlbvl b|olzc fl vcw|l} $:)=) ikjzl+

•

: vcw|l} lb v| mgopc) zl}vc ikjzl

Lw|kpc} flvlzokbgfc} mcb n|hgfczl} fl jgbfg pzcpkc} bc bl|vzc} •

•

P|lfl lbvzgz |bc fl mgfg lw|kpc pgzg Dgmlz : t 7

•

Fc} n|hgfczl} fl jgbfg lb mgfg }lbvkfc

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Cjikhgvczkc pg}gz pcz |bg jgbfg pgzg hci

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Cjikhgvczkc pg}gz pcz ig} fc} jgbfg} pgzg hci

•

Hci vzg} pg}l fl |b mc}vgfc qgil fcjil

•

T b|olzc fl pg}l} pgzg j|}mgz hci

PGZVKFC JGBFG] CALB]KQG] CAL B]KQG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb ig pc}l}kýb { pzchzl}kýb Gopikv|f lb gvgw|l $pgzg }lz pzca|bfc dg{ w|l }lz gopikc+ Plb}gz zçpkfc

LTPIKMGMKÝB / Gmmkýb fl n|lhc bczogi"

Lb ~cbg bc flikokvgfg }l n|lhg oçtkoc = vcw|l}" Lb ~cbg flikokvgfg fl jgbfg }l n|lhg ikjzl" Ig lbvzgfg { }gikfg fl n|hgfczl} lb ig ~cbg fl jgbfg l} ikjzl }kb w|l }l ikokvl li bþolzc fl a|vjcik}vg} w|l p|lfl n|hgz gi ok}oc vklopc flbvzc fl liig"


Ocfkakmgz ig }|plzakmkl fl n|lhc

PGZVKFC GOPIKV\F / PZCA\BFKFGF MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Gopikv|f lb gvgw|l $pgzg }lz pzca|bfc dg{ w|l }lz gopikc+

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB Pgzvkfc lb gmmkýb bczogi fl n|lhc) qgzkgbfc ig} }|plzakmkl} { mcb liic ic} cjnlvkqc} vçmvkmc}"



•

Givlzbgz ig} }|plzakmkl}

•

T b|olzc fl pg}l} pgzg j|}mgz hci

PGZVKFC MZ\^GZ [ MGOJKGZ OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


MCBMLPVC] Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc pc}l}kýb { pzchzl}kýb Lopl~gz pcz |b igfc pgzg gmgjgz pcz li cvzc Zlm|plzg lb |b igfc pgzg }gikz n|hgbfc pcz li cvzc

LTPIKMGMKÝB : lw|kpc} n|lhgb pgzvkfc lb li w|l fljlb mgojkgz li n|lhc fl igfc gi 6¾ pg}l oçtkoc lbvzl n|hgfczl} fl |b ok}oc lw|kpc" Ic} mgojkc} fl igfc p|lflb }lz lb m|giw|klz fk}vgbmkg }klopzl w|l zljg}lb ig ~cbg flikokvgfg"


Bc }l p|lflb fgz og} fl fc} pg}l} }lh|kfc} lb li kbvlzkcz fl ig ok}og ~cbg"

P" MZ\^GZ [ MGOJKGZ : OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


MCBMLPVC] Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc pc}l}kýb { pzchzl}kýb Lopl~gz pcz |b igfc pgzg gmgjgz pcz li cvzc Zlm|plzg lb |b igfc pgzg }gikz n|hgbfc pcz li cvzc

LTPIKMGMKÝB Li cjnlvkqc l} pzchzl}gz { akbgik~gz li gvgw|l pcz ig jgbfg mcbvzgzkg g ig |vkik~gfg pgzg iilhgz dg}vg li mlbvzc fli mgopc" Li lw|kpc lb pc}l}kýb fljlzç zlgik~gz mcbvkb|c} mcbvkb|c} mgojkc} fl czklbvgmkýb lb a|bmkýb fl ig }kv|gmkýb fli jgiýb"


Bc }l p|lflb fgz og} fl fc} pg}l} }lh|kfc} lb li kbvlzkcz fl ig ok}og ~cbg"

PGZVKFC PZCHZL]KÝB MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb ig pzl}kýb) Mcb ig fk}vgbmkg lbvzl iïblg} { Mcb ig }gikfg fl ig plicvg

LTPIKMGMKÝB Pgzvkfc lb vcfc li mgopc lb gmmkýb bczogi fl n|lhc" Cjikhgvczkc =) 6 ý < pg}l} oçtkoc} pgzg }gikz fl v| pzcpkg okvgf fl mgopc { bc }l p|lfl pg}gz dgmkg gvzç} vzg} pg}gz gi mgopc mcbvzgzkc

MZKVLZKC] FL QGZKGJKIKFGF

P" J\]MGZ DG]VG LBMCBVZGZ OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


MCBMLPVC] Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb ig mkzm|igmkýb fl ig plicvg J|}mgz dg}vg lbmcbvzgz Pgmklbmkg pgzg vcmgz Pzchzl}gz jgiýb { n|hgfcz n|bvc}

LTPIKMGMKÝB ]l n|lhg lb |b l}pgmkc mlbvzgi flikokvgfc" Ic} fc} lw|kpc} fljlb zlgik~gz 6/1 pg}l} mcb}lm|vkqc} pgzg pcflz kbvlbvgz dgmlz hci" Pgzg liic vlbfzçb w|l lbvzgz gi ok}oc vklopc jgiýb { n|hgfcz) bc p|fklbfc }lz flalbfkfc" flalbfkfc" ]l p|lfl ogzmgz lb ig} fc} pczvlzïg}"


P" MGOJKC FL CZKLBVGMKCB OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC


MCBMLPVC] Lopl~gz pcz |b igfc { gmgjgz pcz li cvzc Zlm|plzgz lb |b igfc { }gikz n|hgbfc pcz li cvzc Akbgik~gz n|hgfg $gmgjgz zçpkfc+

LTPIKMGMKÝB N|lhc lb |bg okvgf fl mgopc) }|jfkqkfkfg icbhkv|fkbgiolbvl mcb}vkv|{lbfc fc} l}pgmkc} kh|gil}" Bc }l plzokvl zlgik~gz oç} fl vzl} pg}l} lb li ok}oc l}pgmkc fl n|lhc) fl aczog w|l gi vlzmlz pg}l }l fljlzç akbgik~gz li gvgw|l c jklb j|}mgz |b pg}l dgmkg li cvzc l}pgmkc fl n|lhc

MZKVLZKC] FL QGZKGJKIKFGF Li lw|kpc w|l zlm|plzg li jgiýb) fljl fkzkhkz fl aczog cjikhgvczkc li n|lhc dgmkg li l}pgmkc mcbvzgzkc gbvl} fli }lh|bfc pg}l •

P" = PCZVLZKG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

•

Il{l} flalb}kqg}

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB Pgzvkfc lb li w|l }cic }l }|ogb ic} ic} hcil} lb ig pczvlzïg pczvlzïg hzgbfl) pgzg pgzg liic li lw|kpc w|l w|l flaklbfl }cic |bg pczvlzïg blml}kvg ogzmgz lb m|giw|klzg fl ig} cvzg} fc} pgzg mgojkgz fl mgopc { pcflz ogzmgz lb ig pczvlzïg hzgbfl" 70 t 70 $% = pczvlzc}+ lb gihc olbc} fl ² fl mgopc $mïzm|ic mlbvzgi mcbvzgzkc+" ]l n|lhg ikjzl fl vcw|l}" Mgojkc fl a|bmkcbl} lb ig }lh|bfg }lzkl



•

: vcw|l} lb v| mgopc) zl}vc ikjzl

P" = ^CBG] KH\GIL] K H\GIL] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb li gvgw|l

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB Fkqkfkz li mgopc lb vzl} ~cbg"$=0 60 =0"+ 1 n|hgfczl} pcz ~cbg" Ic} n|hgfczl} n|hgfczl} bc p|lflb gvzgql}gz ig} ~cbg}) bk pg}g li jgiýb dgmkg gvzç}) bk pg}gz li jgiýb g ig ~cbg akbgi }kb gvzgql}gz ig mlbvzgi ”

”



P" = LW\KPC] OK]OC MGOPC MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb li gvgw|l

CJNLVKQC

Mcczfkbgz ocqkoklbvc} mcb jgiýb { }kb jgiýb

LTPIKMGMKÝB Gmmkýb bczogi fli n|lhc" = lw|kpc} }kv|gfc} mcoc lb li fkj|nc" Li lw|kpc G gvgmg J" M|gbfc J zlm|plzg ig plicvg c l}vg }gil a|lzg) J gvgmg g M5 { g}ï }|ml}kqgolbvl" Li lw|kpc w|l ogzmg gvgmg dgmkg li cvzc igfc }lh|kfgolbvl" }lh|kfgolbvl"

J

G



M

PGZVKFC = LW\KPC] OK]OC MGOPC % JGBFG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc}

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB / = lw|kpc} fl 1 n|hgfczl}" 6 mcocfkbl} lb ig} jgbfg}"Li lw|kpc w|l gvgmg fljl mcolb~gz mcolb~gz mcb pg}l

g m|giw|klzg fl ig} fc} jgbfg} fl }| ~cbg calb}kqg { g pgzvkz fl l}l ocolbvc kbkmkgz gvgw|l bczogi"M|gbfc bczogi"M|gbfc li gvgw|l akbgik~g) jklb pcz hci) pëzfkfg) lvm") li lw|kpc w|l flalbfïg pg}g g gvgmgz mcbvzg li lw|kpc w|l l}vgjg fl}mgb}gbfc l kbkmkg |bg b|lqg }lm|lbmkg"Mcbaczogmkýb fl ic} lw|kpc} pcz pc}kmkcbl}5 : igvlzgil}) : olfkc} mlbvzc} { : p|bvg}"Ic} mcocfkbl} fl jgbfg fljlb }lz kbvlzkczl}


Qgzkgbfc bþolzc fl vcw|l} $7/:/=+

•


PGZVKFC GZLG] PZCDKJKFG] MCB 6 PCZVLZKG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb ig pc}l}kýb { pzchzl}kýb Plb}gz zçpkfc


LTPIKMGMKÝB / : lw|kpc} kbvlbvgb ogzmgz hci lb ig} pczvlzïg} plw|l÷g} plw|l÷g} }kv|gfg} lb ig ~cbg flikokvgfg mcbvzgzkg

olfkgbvl ig lbvzgfg fl |b n|hgfcz mcbf|mklbfc li jgiýb c mcb pg}l { lbvzgfg }ko|ivçblg" }ko|ivçblg" \bg ql~ }l lbvzg lb ig ~cbg p|lflb lbvzgz fc} n|hgfczl} fl mgfg lw|kpc" Vcw|l} ikjzl}"

MZKVLZKC] FL QGZKGJKIKFGF Qgzkgz li bþolzc fl vcw|l}

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•

•

N|hgz mcb |bg }cig pczvlzïg

PGZVKFC ^CBG VCW\L] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc} zligmkcbgfc} mcb ig pc}l}kýb { pzchzl}kýb Plb}gz zçpkfc


LTPIKMGMKÝB / Gmmkýb fl n|lhc bczogi" Lb ig ~cbg kbvlzolfkg flikokvgfg }cic }l p|lfl n|hgz g : vcw|l}" Lb li zl}vc

fli mgopc ikjzl"



•


PGZVKFC = LW\KPC] OK]OC MGOPC % JGBFG] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

Mcbmlpvc} zligmkcbgfc

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB / = lw|kpc} fl 1 n|hgfczl}" 6 mcocfkbl} lb ig} jgbfg}"Li lw|kpc w|l gvgmg fljl mcolb~gz mcolb~gz mcb pg}l

g m|giw|klzg fl ig} fc} jgbfg} fl }| ~cbg calb}kqg { g pgzvkz fl l}l ocolbvc kbkmkgz gvgw|l bczogi"M|gbfc bczogi"M|gbfc li gvgw|l akbgik~g) jklb pcz hci) pëzfkfg) lvm") li lw|kpc w|l flalbfïg pg}g g gvgmgz mcbvzg li lw|kpc w|l l}vgjg fl}mgb}gbfc l kbkmkg |bg b|lqg }lm|lbmkg"Mcbaczogmkýb fl ic} lw|kpc} pcz pc}kmkcbl}5 : igvlzgil}) : olfkcmlbvzc} { : p|bvg}" Ic} mcocfïbl} fl jgbfg fljlb }lz kbvlzkczl}



•


PGZVKFC VCW\L] MCBMLPVC]

OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

]J

CJNLVKQC

Plb}gz zçpkfc


LTPIKMGMKÝB Ic} fc} lw|kpc} n|lhgb g vzl} vcw|l} }klopzl w|l li ogzmgfcz l}vl kh|gigfc" Li lw|kpc w|l vlbhg qlbvgng fl |b hci) fljl n|hgz mcb |b oçtkoc fl fc} mcbvgmvc} mcb li jgiýb5 }k hgbg fl fc} c og} hcil} vlbfzç w|l n|hgz þbkmgolbvl g |b }cic mcbvgmvc" Li lw|kpc w|l l}vg plzfklbfc p|lfl p|lfl zlgik~gz |b oçtkoc fl vzl} mcbvgmvc} mcb li jgiýb"


Li lw|kpc w|l l}vg plfklbfc) bc vklbl bkbh|bg ikokvgmkýb fl mcbvgmvc} mcb li jgiýb

•

Ic} hcil} mcb}lh|kfc} g |b }cic mcbvgmvc qgilb fcjil

P" FL]FCJIGOKLBVC] OCOLBVC FLI N\LHC

MJ

VZGB]

MCBMLPVC]

]J

CJNLVKQC


LTPIKMGMKÝB Zlgik~gz |b pgzvkfc lbvzl : lw|kpc} fl 1/8/4 1 /8/4 n|hgfczl} % pczvlzc" Mgfg lw|kpc fljl cjikhgvczkgolbvl }kv|gz g : n|hgfczl} lb ig} jgbfg} fli mgopc mcbvzgzkc" ]l n|lhg |b pgzvkfc lb li w|l þbkmgolbvl }l p|lfl mcb}lh|kz hci fl}p|ë} fl mlbvzc" Mgfg ql~ w|l |b n|hgfcz kbvlzkcz zlgik~g |b pg}l g |bc fl ig jgbfg) fljl fl}fcjigz}l pcz flvzç}) zlmkjkz li pg}l { mlbvzgz" Kbolfkgvgolbvl }l kbvlzmgojkgb pc}kmkcbl}) li fl ig jgbfg pg}g g }lz n|hgfcz kbvlzkcz) { li n|hgfcz kbvlzkcz }l w|lfg lb ig jgbfg"


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