DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SOLAR AIDED INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY
A PROJECT REPORT Submi tted by
AISHWARYA AISHWARYA SASIDHAR
111213114001
W.PRATHEESH W.PRATHEESH SAMUEL
111213114037
T.SRINIVASAN
111213114049
S.R VIGNESH
111213114056
in parti parti al f ul fi ll ment ment f or th e award award of the degre degree e of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MAGNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI – 600 600 055.
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI – 600 600 025 APRIL 2016
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A few words of gratitude written on single sheet of paper can never completely describe our feeling of indebtedness to the people involved in the successful completion of Design & Fabrication Project. First and foremost we would like to thank the almighty for his blessing to complete the Design & Fabrication Project work successfully in time. We are very thankful to our Honorable Chairman Mr. J.DEVADAS NAYAGAM M.Sc., M.Ed., for his infrastructure and timely help throughout the course of the Design & Fabrication Project. We express our thanks to our respectful Principal Dr.I.S. STEPHAN THANGAIAH Ph.D., for his valuable ideas, suggestions for improvement and his encouragement rendered for completing our Design & Fabrication Project. We very sincerely express our thanks to the Head of the Department Mr. S.KARTHIKM.S., for his cheerful encouragement and timely help throughout the course of the Design & Fabrication Project. We express our deep sense of gratitude to our Project Coordinator Mr. N.TAMIL SELVAM M.E., & our Project Supervisor Mr. M. VIJAYARAJ M.E.,who sincerely coordinated all of us to perform our Design & Fabrication Project in the successful way. We also thank our Friends&Well-wishers, who were inspiring & stimulating us for the successful completion of our Design & Fabrication Project Parents, Friends & all the staff members for providing facilities and constant encouragement for our Design & Fabrication Project work. Last but not the least, we whole heartedly thanks our Parents for showing unrestrained Love & affection even during the hardship caused to them on the account of this work of ours. The Project Team
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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Project Report “DESIGN & FABRICATION OF SOLAR AIDED INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY” is the bonafide work of “AISHWARYA
SASIDHAR (111213114001), W.PRATHEESH SAMUEL(111213114037), T.SRINIVASAN (111213114049), S.R VIGNESH (111213114056)” who carried
out the project work under our supervision during the academic period 2015 – 2016.
Mr. S.KARTHIK M.S.,
Mr. M. VIJAYARAJ M.E.,
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
PROJECT SUPERVISOR
Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Magna College of Engineering,
Magna College of Engineering,
Magaral, Chennai – 600 055.
Magaral, Chennai – 600 055.
Submitted for the Anna University Project Viva voce held on
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
INTERNAL EXAMINER
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ABSTRACT
The use of fossil fuels to power industrial vehicles and such to transport goods, equipment’s, tools, etc. from one industrial plant to another is conventional and has
several disadvantages such as cost of fuel and being non eco-friendly.
The “SOLAR AIDED INDUSTRIAL TROLLEY” allows us to transport all the
above mentioned things without polluting the environment and at zero fuel cost, not only that, it also saves non-renewable resources through the use of renewable solar energy harnessed from the Sun.
The system uses solar power to charge the battery, energy from the battery is used to drive the trolley. The trolley can be used indoor as well as outdoor with extensive application possible outdoors, but we are focusing mostly on the indoor application of the system.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No
1.
2.
3.
Title
Page No
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii
ABSTRACT
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
LIST OF TABLES
x
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Solar power
1
1.2 Photovoltaic power cells
2
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
4
2.1. Early Days
4
2.2. MID 1990s to EARLY 2010s
5
2.3. Current Status
5
2.4. Forecasts
5
2.5. Photovoltaic Power Stations
6
2.6. Concentrating Solar Thermal Power
7
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
10
3.1. Greenhouse gases
11
3.2. Energy payback
12
3.3. Cadmium
12 v
Chapter No
4.
Title
Need for the project
Page No
13
4.1. Solar power generation
13
4.2. Reduced dependence of fossil fuels
14
4.3. Environmental advantages
14
4.4. Matching peak time output with peak
15
time demand
5.
6.
7.
4.5. Modularity and Scalability
15
4.6. Flexible locations
15
4.7. Government Incentives
15
Construction Details
17
5.1.1. Solar panel
17
5.1.2. Batteries
21
5.1.3. Trolley
31
5.1.4. Electric Motor
35
Working Principle
39
6.1. Construction and Operation details
39
6.2. Photovoltaic effect
40
6.3. Working process
40
41
Efficiency
7.1. Factors affecting energy conversion vi
42
Chapter No
Title
Page No
8.
3-D Parts
43
9.
Cost Estimation
45
10.
Design and Fabrication of parts
46
10.1. Parts of a solar powered industrial
46
trolley
11.
Assembled Model of a solar powered
11.1. Industrial trolley
12.
13.
Advantages and Disadvantages
50
50
52
12.1. Advantages
52
12.2. Disadvantages
52
Conclusion
52
REFERENCES
vii
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No
Title
Page No
1.1
Photovoltaic Cell
2
2.1
Solar Electric Generating Tower
9
2.2
Solar Power Generating System
9
3.1
Environmental Impacts
10
3.2
Solar Power Trash Compactor
10
5.1
Solar Panel
18
5.2
Polycrystalline PV Cell Connected In A
18
Solar Module 5.3
Small Sized Batteries
22
5.4
Large Sized Batteries
23
5.5
Voltaic Cells
23
5.6
Dry Cell
29
5.7
Platform Trolley
33
5.8
Tray Trolley
33
5.9
Sugar/Salt Truck
34
5.10
Electric Motor
35
5.10a
Cut Section View of Electric Motor
36
5.11
Electric Motor Rotor (Left) and Stator (Right)
36
5.12
Dc Motor with Its Commutator
38
6.1
Construction Parts
39
6.2
Photo Voltaic Effect
40
7.1
Thermodynamic Efficiency Limit
42
8.1
3d Detailed View
43
viii
Table No
Title
Page No
8.2
3d Isometric View
44
8.3
Detailed Diagram
45
10.1
Voltmeter
46
10.2
Square Rod
46
10.3
Solar Panel
47
10.4
Battery
47
10.5
Front Nylon Wheel
48
10.6
Rear Nylon Wheel
48
10.7
Angle Bar
49
10.8
Motor For Front Wheel With Worm Gear
49
11.1
Top View
50
11.2
Side View
50
11.3
Top View
51
11.4
3d View
51
ix
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No
2.1
Title
Page No
Electricity Generation From
6
Solar 2.2
Largest Operational Solar
7
Thermal Power Station 9.1
Cost Estimation
45
x
