NS_RW4_AK

1 NorthStar 4e 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

UNIT 1

4. Other 4. Other people probably assume that Daniel’s relationship to numbers is strange. 5. Other 5. Other people might expect Daniel to be able to follow a schedule.

VOCABULARY 2, page 5 1. estimate 2. compensate 3. retain 3. retain 4. anxious 4. anxious 5. flexible 5. flexible 6. disabled 6. disabled

7. predictable 7. predictable 8. interaction 8. interaction 9. sum 9. sum 10. savant 10. savant 11. benefit 11. benefit 12. image 12. image

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 9 1. b 1. b 4. c 4. c 2. c 2. c 5. b 5. b 3. a 3. a 6. b 6. b DETAILS, page 10 MATH 1. ability 2. ability 2. ability 3. disability 3. disability 4. disability 4. disability LANGUAGE 1. ability 2. ability 2. ability 3. ability 3. ability MEMORY 1. ability 2. ability 2. ability SOCIAL INTERACTION 1. disability 2. disability 2. disability 3. disability 3. disability NEED FOR ORDER 1. disability 2. disability 2. disability

MAKE INFERENCES, page 11 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. Others 1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal person. They viewed him as some sort of oddity. 2. Others think that only people who are handicapped or have disabilities are different. 3. Other 3. Other people probably think that numbers cannot be your friends since they are not alive.

COMPREHENSION, page 14 1. According 1. According to Gladwell, achievement is talent plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a bigger role. 2. The 2. The Beatles were different from most other bands because they worked harder and had more preparation. 3. Daniel 3. Daniel Levitin says about success that 10,000 hours of practice is required to achieve the level of mastery associated with being a world-class expert in anything. 4. Levitin 4. Levitin believes success takes so long to achieve because it seems it takes the brain this long to assimilate all that it needs to know to achieve true mastery.

READING SKILL 2, pages 15-16 1. “I memorised pi to 22,514 decimal places, and I am technically disabled. I just wanted to show people that disability needn’t get in the way.” 2. “There’s too much mental stimulus. I have to look at every shape and texture. Every price, and every arrangement of fruit and vegetables. So instead of thinking,’What cheese do I want this week?’, I’m just really uncomfortable.” 3. “We 3. “We shared so much - our love of key dates from history, for instance. And our love of books. As a child, I regularly took over a room in the house and started my own lending library. I would separate out fiction and non-fiction, and then alphabetise them all. I even introduced a ticketing system. I love books so much. I’ve read more books than anyone else I know. So I was delighted when Kim wanted to meet in a library.” “He is such a lovely man,” “Kim says, says , ‘You don’t have to be handicapped to be different everybody’s different’. And he’s right.” 4. “When 4. “When I looked at the numbers I ‘saw’ images. It felt like a place I could go where I really belonged.”

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.

2 NorthStar 4e 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

Answer Key

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, ORGANIZE , page 16 R1: 1 (paragraph 4), 7 (paragraphs 7-8), 2 (paragraph 1) Both: 5 Both: 5 (R1, paragraph 4; R2, paragraph 4) R2: 3 R2: 3 (paragraph 3), 4 (paragraph 9), 6 (paragraphs 5 & 13)

REVIEW, page 1. interaction 2. assimilate 2. assimilate 3. savant 3. savant 4. transform 4. transform 5. predictable 5. predictable 6. expertise 6. expertise

17 7. benefit 7. benefit 8. emerging 8. emerging 9. anxious 9. anxious 10. compensate 10. compensate 11. disabled 11. disabled Bonus Word: Word: persistence persistence

1, page 18 NOUN prediction estimate sum anxiety savant flexibility interaction transf transform ormati ation on

VERB predict estimate sum X X flex interact transf transform orm

retainment benefit disability 1. expertise 1. expertise 2. expert 2. expert assimilation emergence persistence comp compen ensa sati tion on

retain benefit disable X assimilate emerge persist comp compen ensa sate te

2, pages 18-19 1. transformative 1. transformative 2. flexibility 2. flexibility 3. predictable 3. predictable 4. p 4. pe ersist 5. expertise 5. expertise

ADJECTIVE predictable estimated X anxious X flexible interactive tran transfo sform rmabl able e transformative transformed retainable beneficial disabled expert

ADVERB predictably X X

assimilated emerging persistent

X X persistently X

X flexibly interactively X

X X X expertly

6. anxiety 6. anxiety 7. estimate 7. estimate 8. compensation 8. compensation / interaction 9. emerge 9. emerge

CREATE, pages 19-20 Suggested answers: 1. Because 1. Because I know Daniel Tammet well, how he will react in certain situations is very predictable. 2. Many 2. Many people who suffer from ASD are not flexible. 3. According 3. According to Gladwell it requires at least 10,000 hours to transform talent into expertise. 4. A 4. A lack of structure can make Daniel Tamett anxious.

5. Social 5. Social interaction is difficult for many people with ASD. 6. Scans 6. Scans of the brains of autistic savants suggest the right hemisphere might compensate for damage to the left. 7. Autistic 7. Autistic savants can usually retain large amounts of information without a problem. 8. Daniel 8. Daniel Tamett memorized pi to 22,514 decimal places to show people that, although he technically has a disability, it doesn’t stop him from being successful.

GRAMMAR 1, page 21 1. likelihood 1. likelihood 2. speculation 2. speculation 3. necessity 3. necessity 2, page 23 1. b 5. d 2. e 6. b 3. a 7. c 4. c 8. d 3, page 24 1. 1. has 1. has got to 2. must 2. must not 3. must 3. must 4. might 4. might

9. e 10. a

5. should 5. should 6. is 6. is able to 7. ought 7. ought to 8. should 8. should not

2. 1. ought 1. ought to 2. have 2. have to 3. can’t 3. can’t 4. must 4. must

WRITE 1, page 27 1. Autistic 1. Autistic savants 2. Autistic 2. Autistic savants have specific abilities or skills and they have certain limitations in other areas of life. 3. All 3. All sentences relate to the ideas in the topic sentence. 2, pages 28-29 1. b 1. b 2. a 2. a 3. c 3. c


3 NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4

3, pages 29-30 Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 1. Mozart was considered a genius because of his many musical talents and abilities. 2. Scientists are interested in the roles that nature and nurture each play in development. 3. Malcolm Gladwell has written another nonfiction bestseller , Outliers.

REVISE 1, page 31 1. F 5. F 2. F 6. F 3. F 7. F 4. C 8. C

4. defeated 10. hopelessness 5. yearned for 11. dilapidated 6. tormented

PREVIEW, page 38 1. He is in New York. 2. Suggested answer: Even though he was the teacher, his students taught him a lot about the world—and himself. 3. Suggested answer: He had a successful teaching career.

MAIN IDEAS

2, page 31 Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 1. Autistic savants have many extraordinary skills and abilities. 2. Gladwell has written an interesting book, which emphasizes the importance of hard work in achieving success. 3. Before Daniel received his counting book when he was 4 years old, he had shown no interest in mathematics. 5. Because Dr. Levitin says that at least 10,000 hours of practice are needed to achieve success, many people never reach success. 6. The book that Kim Peek was reading the day before he met Daniel Tammet at the Library in Salt Lake City was about autistic savants throughout history. 7. Many competitors prepare by practicing as much as ten hours a day before the math competition.

UNIT 2

VOCABULARY 2, page 37 1. His parents had no money. His father abandoned the family. There was not enough food. They had a small, old house. 2. He enjoyed reading. 3. He was ashamed of his past. 3, page 37 1. misery 2. meager 3. shame

Answer Key

7. sordid 8. poverty 9. abandonment

2, page 41 1970: Frank McCourt begins teaching at Seward Park High School. 1981: Frank McCourt’s mother dies. 1994: Frank McCourt begins to write his book. 1996: Angela’s Ashes hits the bookstores. 1997: Angela’s Ashes receives the Pulitzer Prize.

DETAILS, page 42 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Event: Frank The McCourt’s wanted McCourt’s family a better life, so they returned to Ireland. returned to Ireland. Their life was still very hard. Three children died. The family remained very poor and very hungry. 1949 Event: Frank Frank McCourt was 19 McCourt returned to years old. He wanted the United States. to start a new life. 1970 Event: Frank He began teaching McCourt began and using his past to teaching at Seward connect with his Park High School. students. His students loved his stories, and as he told his stories he realized how his past affected him. 1981 Event: Frank After his mother died, McCourt’s mother he realized he had no excuses not to write dies. his memoirs. While his mother was alive, McCourt chose not to write about his childhood out of respect for his mother.



1994 Event: Frank McCourt began to write his book.

1996 Event: Angela’s Ashes hit the bookstores.

1997 Event: Angela’s Ashes received the Pulitzer Prize.

Answer Key

He struggled to write his memoirs. It was very difficult at first. He had to dig deep into his past. Frank McCourt finally finished his memoirs and named it Angela’s Ashes. Within weeks, it became a bestseller. Because the book was so good, it won a major award, the Pulitzer Prize. Frank McCourt became famous.

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 43-44 1. confront him with criticism 2. make a connection 3. produced a large amount [of pages] without much thought 4. turned pages, but only looked at them briefly and not carefully 5. went crazy 6. obtaining the reward 7. became aware of slowly 8. work hard and not take the easy way 9. don’t copy other people’s ideas 10. equal

COMPREHENSION, page 47 Cross out: 1. c 4. a 2. b 5. c 3. c

READING SKILL 2, pages 48-19 1. indistinct shapes 2. given 3. complete 4. felt free

5. mercy 6. extremely difficult 7. someone else’s fault

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 49 FRANK MCCOURT (R1) 1. poverty, abandonment, having to move from country to country, lack of education, shame 2. mother, students 3. humor, reading, writing 4. writing, teaching

MARLA RUNYAN (R2) 1. blindness, doing schoolwork 2. mother 3. self-reliance, pride, feeling accountable for her success, not asking for special treatment 4. teaching, public speaking, coaching, writing, becoming an athlete

REVIEW, page 50 Suggested answers: FACING AN DEALING OBSTACLE WITH AN OBSTACLE confused expectations darkest inquisitiveness defeated laborious disability self-reliance give up struggle hopelessness yearning for misery accountable mortified suffer

OVERCOMING AN OBSTACLE defeated exalted free paradise pride

EXPAND, pages 50-51 1. synonym / c 6. synonym / c 2. antonym / a 7. antonym / b 3. antonym / b 8. antonym / a 4. antonym / b 9. synonym / c 5. synonym / a

GRAMMAR 1, page 52 1. teaching 2. writing about his childhood 3. reading 4. the base form of the verb + ing 5. to give up 6. New York University, to enroll 7. to write 8. to inspire 9. to + the base form of the verb 2, page 53 a. Doing, 1 b. to run 6 c. not going, 2 d. to compete, 5 e. to describe, 4c

f. to be defined, 4a g. to write, 5 h. Recounting, 1 i. writing,3 j. to write, 4b



Answer Key

3, page 54 Suggested answers: 1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to write his memoirs. 2. Marla needs to train many months for a marathon. 3. McCourt persuades New York University to allow him to go there. 4. Marla enjoys inspiring others. 5. McCourt worried about telling his students that he hadn’t gone to high school. 6. The boy’s mother decided to let him skateboard. 7. McCourt urged his students to write. 8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a computer screen. 9. McCourt recalled living in Limerick. 10. Marla was able to graduate from the University of San Diego with a Master’s degree.

REVISE 1, page 58 1. c 2. c 3. b 4. b 2, pages 58-59 1. Cross out: Her mother could her and speak. Explanation: The sentence forces on her mother’s abilities, not Helen’s frustrations. 2. Cross out: In addition, Marla has become a bestselling author. Explanation: This sentence does not focus on how sports liberated them. 3. Cross out: Furthermore, he lives in England. Explanation: The sentence focuses on where Steven Hawking lives, not on overcoming obstacles.

WRITE UNIT 3 1, pages 56-57 Suggested answers 1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the first and third sentences. 2. The world is full of people who have overcome obstacles and benefited from overcoming them. 3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the 1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in kayaking, was born with a serious disability. He had club feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a result, he could not walk easily. Even after a series of operations, he still had limited mobility. Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then, he competed on his high school running team. He knew, though, he would never become an Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports that he could play. Happily, he discovered kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his upper body strength, he was able to master the sport. Finally, after many years of training and perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic team. These sentences tell how Greg Barton overcame his obstacles and benefited by overcoming them. 4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even though that road was paved with obstacles, he was able to overcome them and achieve the impossible. It summarizes the paragraph.

VOCABULARY 2, page 65 1. risk factor 2. impact 3. potential 4. environment 5. interaction 6. aspects

7. consensus 8. advocate 9. interpreting 10. reliable 11. linked 12. revolutionized

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 70 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: POSITIVE NEGATIVE I. Can revolutionize I. Emotional and Medicine Physical Impact a. can prevent a. Positive result diseases rather than can be shattering for just treat them patient and family. b. quality of life is b. Positive result better can lead to risky, unhealthy decisions. II. Information is II. Invasion of Privacy empowering for patient a. may threaten a. can change employment and lifestyle insurance b. can choose appropriate treatment plan



Answer Key

III. Results are not always reliable IV. Professional interpretation is not required a.Patient may interpret test results incorrectly. b. There are other risk factors in addition to genes.

DETAILS, pages 70-71 1. h 5. b 9. g 2. k 6. j 10. i 3. e 7. d 11. f 4. a 8. c

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 71-72 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral Kristen’s father: Very Strong Brenda Finucane: Neutral Robert Green: Strong Betsy Bank Saul: Weak Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong David Agus: Very Strong

COMPREHENSION, page 74 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of arthritis. He decided to fight the disease. 2. If negative emotions bring negative changes to the body, positive emotions should bring positive changes. Laughter has a positive therapeutic value. 3. Watching funny movies and reading funny books are examples of laugh therapy. 4. He was able to overcome his disease. READING SKILL 2, page 75 Sometime before the summer of 1964: Cousins read the work of organic chemist Hans Selye, The Stress of Life Summer 1964: Cousins becomes ill Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and started his Laughter Therapy program 8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was able to sleep better, and his body chemistry improved.

A few months later: Cousins was able to walk using a brace Soon after that: Cousins was able to return to work A few years later: Cousins reached full recovery 1990: Cousins died STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 76 Genetic Testing (R1): expensive, used in a response to potential or existing illness, based on a cutting edge science, used to prevent and treat, provides information about the body, results are difficult to interpret and can be easily misinterpreted, results may involve family members Both new technique, medical choice, does not have to involve a doctor, is becoming part of standard medical care Laughter Therapy (R2): little cost, used in response to existing illness, based on Cousins’ reading about mind-body interaction, used as treatment only, changes body chemistry, results are easy to interpret, results involve the patient only

REVIEW, pages 77-78 1. revolutionize 2. advocates 3. potential 4. risk factors 5. impact 6. skeptical 7. reliable

8. consult 9. linked 10. environment 11. interaction 12. consensus 13. alternative 14. conventional

EXPAND 1, page 78 1. S 6. S 2. D 7. D 3. D 8. S 4. D 9. S 5. S 10. D

11. S 12. D 13. S 14. S 15. S

2, pages 78-79 1. impact 2. interpret 3. treatment 4. disagreement

5. alternative 6. elicit 7. diagnosis



Answer Key

GRAMMAR

2, page 86 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: THREE PARTS OF NOTES AN ESSAY

1, pages 79-80 1. T / F 2. T / T 3. F / T 2, pages 81-82 1. F / F 2. F / F 3. F / T 4. T / F

I. Introduction

5. T / T 6. F / T 7. T / T 8. F / F

3, page 82 1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment plan, she might not have felt better. 2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all the information available, she wouldn’t have chosen to be genetically tested. 3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress of Life by Hans Seyle, he wouldn’t have had some ideas about the mind-body connection when he was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. 4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t been sick, He wouldn’t have tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy. OR If Norman Cousins hadn’t tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy, he wouldn’t have made a complete recovery. 5. If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test, he wouldn’t have found out that he was at risk for cardiovascular disease. OR If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test and found out that he was at risk for cardiovascular disease, his children wouldn’t have made him change his diet. 6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her biological father, she might not have learned that Huntington’s disease ran in their family. 7. If Norman Cousins had been satisfied with his doctor’s treatment plan, he wouldn’t have developed his own Laughter Therapy treatment

PREPARE TO WRITE, page 83 KNOWLEDGE IS POWER Change lifestyle Consider different treatments PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Positive test results may cause feelings of doom MISINTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Without consultation with doctor, patient may make incorrect decisions

Thesis Statement: From this personal perspective, I believe that home genetic testing should be much more strictly regulated, if not prohibited all together. II. Body Paragraph 1 Topic: Devastating effects of home genetic testing

Body Paragraph 2 Topic: Genetic test results are not infallible nor definitive

I. Background Information: Grandparents suffering from Huntington’s disease Well educated with Master’s degree in biology

II. Body Paragraph 1 Support/Evidence: Co-workers experience -Without professional interpretation led to feelings of impending tragedy -Retesting by doctor led to correct medication and lifestyle changes Body Paragraph 2 Support/Evidence: -Genetic testing is in its infancy and even professionals don’t understand interaction between genes -False positives -False negatives -Environmental factors are not taken into account

III. Conclusion Restate the Thesis: If we, as a society, truly believe that genetic testing has more benefits than negative effects, it is our responsibility to regulate it, so all testing includes counseling and interpretation by professionals. Final Thought/Wrap Up: Remember, the key is that to truly be able to make the best medical choices, medical professionals need to be involved in any decision.



Answer Key

REVISE

READING SKILL

2, page 87 Check: 1, 3, 6, 7

2, page 104 1. (Paragraph 4) The problem is that we often look for human traits when we study animal behaviour. But what may be clever for us needn’t be a viable attribute in other members of the animal kingdom. 2. (Paragraphs 16 and 17) The British scientists point out that the bees beat the babies in a learning test because the lab tested characteristics that bees have been perfecting during aeons of evolutionary development. In comparisons of intelligence among species it’s hard to avoid dealing trump cards to one species or another. 3. (Paragraph 20) With more emphasis on a bottom-up method, they would study the species’ neural networks in attempts to perceive what uses these networks can have. 4. (Paragraph 23) This [investigations of their brains’ neural circuitry] has contributed toward answering questions about whether some of our human qualities can also exist in other species and help lay the groundwork for better comparisons.

UNIT 4

VOCABULARY, pages 92-93 1. controversy 7. apparently 2. category 8. perception 3. behavior 9. unique 4. obvious 10. approach 5. unconscious 11. acquired 6. cognition 12. achieve

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 97 Main Ideas: 2, 5, 8

DETAILS, page 98 1. f 5. a 2. c 6. g 3. d 7. e 4. b

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 98-99 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. “apparently,” “most” / The predictions are not proven. It is only what Ms. Standley reports. It is also not clear whether these dogs were trained as seizure alert dogs. The use of “most” is vague. Again, there is no documentation. 2. “thought” / It is based on von Osten’s belief, not on proof. 3. “wasn’t really” / Hans was counting but not in the way people thought he was counting. 4. “believe,” “obvious,” “as far as I’m concerned,” “think” / This is the author’s opinion and it may not be shared by everyone. 5. “to my knowledge,” (not) “hugely,” “some,” “think” / This is the author’s opinion and she admits that it may be based on incomplete knowledge.

COMPREHENSION, pages 102-103 1. a 4. a 2. c 5. a 3. b 6. c

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 105 R1 WHAT IS Using INTELLIGENCE? extreme perception to invent jobs. (Recognizing something and then deciding to act.) PROBLEMS WITH ASSESSING ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE

Using human standards (Clever Hans can count he is smart; He is not really counting he is a dumb animal)

R2 Diverse meanings for different species

Looking for human traits and qualities (the use of tools) Brain weight of mammals For humans, intelligence is linked to language, but we can’t



Answer Key

understand animal language (dolphins) OTHER ABILITIES VS. INTELLIGENCE

Forensic dogs: Extreme perception Clever Hans: Learned reflexes

Bees: Instinct

STEP 2: SYNTHESIZE, pages 106-107 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Reporter: Today we lucky to have with us two animal experts, Temple Grandin and Gita Simonsen. They are both especially interested in the question of animal intelligence. Ms. Grandin, how would you define animal intelligence? Temple Grandin: Let me start by saying that many people confuse extreme perception with intelligence. Many animals have extreme perception at least compared to humans, but that alone doesn’t make them intelligent. I think seizure alert dogs are a good example of animal intelligence because they use their extreme perception to figure out when someone is going to have a seizure. This is not something they need to do or have been taught to do, but something that they choose to do. This is what shows intelligence. Gita Simonsen: I definitely agree that seizure alert dogs are showing intelligence, but, in my opinion, intelligence in animals differs from species to species. R: How can animal intelligence be assessed? TG: One problem that we have in assessing animal intelligence is that we too often use human standards. GS: Yes, I agree. For example, those animals that are able to imitate human behavior and show human-like traits are thought to be intelligent. TG: In the case of the “counting” horse, Clever Hans, many people judged him to be intelligent when they thought he was able to correctly solve mathematical problems. However, as soon as they realized that he was getting unconscious cues from the audience, he was considered a “dumb” animal. I don’t agree with them. I think Clever Hans was showing intelligence because he was able invent a job for himself. GS: That’s a good point. However, let me say one more thing about the problems with

assessing animal intelligence. Because for humans, intelligence is so linked to language, the fact that we don’t understand animal language makes it very hard to accurately assess their intelligence. R: Are all of these apparently amazing things that animals are capable of doing really a sign of intelligence or are there other explanations for their actions? TG: Sometimes there is. For example, forensic dogs that work at airports looking for explosives or illegal drugs aren’t really showing intelligence. They are just using extreme perception to signal items they have been trained to point out. They don’t have any idea that these things are bad or dangerous, just that they are rewarded to find them. GS: Yes, similarly a recent test of intelligence across species (including humans) found bees to be smarter than all other species including humans. However, the explanation might not be intelligence, but rather it was their instinct that allowed them to outscore everyone on the test. R: Thank you both very much. I am afraid we have run out of time. I know I have learned a lot and I am sure our viewers have, too. Thanks again.

REVIEW, page 108 R1 1. achieve 2. acquire 3. apparently 4. approach 5. behavior 6. category 7. cognition 8. controversy 9. obvious 10. perception 11. unconscious 12. unique

assess obtain seemingly method ability section understanding consensus

accomplish need allegedly attempt action group instinct disagreement

attain gain visually procedure conduct aspect intelligence debate

clear thought

evident awareness

possible observation

cautious

involuntary

unintentional

singular

normal

solitary

R2 13. confront 14. discern 15. sensory 16. trait 17. viable

remind differentiate auditory characteristic usable

challenge figure out visual path applicable

present dislike habitual feature achievable



EXPAND, pages 108-109 1 2 ROOT MEANING

Answer Key

3 READING and PARAGRAPH

4 WORD

5 MEANING

1. psych-

Mind

R1-6

2. cogni-

know/learn

R1-2, 10 R2- 3, 13

3. dict-

say/tell

R1-2

4. act-

do

R1-10 R2-25

5. cept-

taken

R1-2 R2-14

6. numer7. nov8. sens-

number

R2-23

psychologist Someone who is trained to study the mind cognition understanding; recognizing/ identifying/ recognize identify; cognitive relating to thought predict to say something will happen actions something active done; busy, doing something perceptual relating to concepts perception; idea numerous many

new feeling

R1-2 R1-4 R2-3

novel sense sensory

9. cent-

one hundred

R1-3

percent

10. sci-

know

R1-6 R2-7

unconscious sciences

11. neur-

nerve

R2-20

neural

GRAMMAR 1, PAGE 110 1. that humans lack 2. a person about to have a seizure 3. the afternoon he was able to figure out how Clever Hans was able to answer the questions 4. that, who, when / nouns

new feeling about something; relating to sensation an amount equal to a particular number of parts in every 100 parts unintentional; study of physical world of nerves

6 OTHER WORDS WITH THE SAME ROOT Psychic

cognizant

dictation

actor

misconception

numeral novice

century

scientist

neuron

2, pages 110-111 1. incorrect / corrections: in which 2. correct / alternative: in which 3. incorrect / corrections: which/that 4. incorrect / correction: whose 5. correct / alternative: that 6. correct / alternative: which 7. incorrect / corrections: who/that 8. incorrect / corrections: in which/where



Answer Key

3, pages 112-113 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Cleve Hans was trained by a retired school teacher who had taught science for many years. 2. The afternoon when Cleve Hans was ready to perform in front of an audience was cold and rainy. 3. Binti the gorilla is best known for an amazing incident which / that occurred on August 16, 1996. 4. I spoke with a man who / that had trained dolphins and killer whales. 5. Psychologists study many animals which / that live in zoos. 6. I saw my friend whose dog could predict seizures before they started. 7. We saw the dolphin which / that performed some spectacular feats. 8. The psychologist who developed a new test for animal intelligence had studied at the University of Berlin. OR The psychologist who had studied at the University of Berlin developed a new test for animal intelligence. 9. The morning when the dogs saved Mrs. Standley was sunny ands hot. 10. The contraband which / that was discovered by the forensic dog was in an old brown suitcase.

WRITE 1, pages 115-116 1. Gita Simonsen is the author of the article How Smart are Animals? 2. Scientists are facing problems in assessing animal intelligence. 3. Tests are based on the animals ability to imitate human behavior, on proportional brain weight, tests are assumed to be flawed if humans do not come out on top, and the small size of some animal brains makes it hard to study neural pathways.. 4. Simonsen concludes that scientists need to develop better tools, methods and theories for comparing the brain skills in different species, but we are well on our way. 2, pages 116-117 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a

Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 5. Clever Hans really was intelligent, even if he couldn’t count, because he was able to train himself to appear to count. 6. Animals that recognize things and choose to act on them are showing true intelligence.

REVISE 1, pages 119-120 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. We shouldn’t just look for human traits when studying animal intelligence because they are not a good indicator of true animal intelligence. 2. Bøckman feels that until we can understand animal language we cannot assess their intelligence because of the connection for us between intelligence and language. 3. Many studies focusing on the neural circuitry in the brain are helping scientists to better compare traits across species including “human like” traits in animals.

UNIT 5

VOCABULARY, pages 124-125 1. b 5. c 9. b 2. a 6. b 10. a 3. b 7. c 11. b 4. c 8. a 12. c

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 130 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Marriage: Marriage is not seen as a lifelong commitment. People assume they will have many marriages to a wide variety of people who will enhance their lives. Family structure / Relationships: Because people live for hundreds of years there can be 10 or 20 generations of the family living at the same time. Careers: People will change their careers many times and their careers will be vastly different. Longevity: No one seems to know how long the human lifespan can be with the Process, but so far, no one has died in the 400 years since the Process was invented.



Answer Key

DETAILS, page 131 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: TOPIC MARILISA LEO MARRIAGE First marriage Has been married Assumes she’ll seven times. be married again to a variety of men. FAMILY Has to deal Has great STRUCTURE/ with multiple relationships RELATIONSH stepchildren, with all of IPS much older his ex-wives than her, and and ex wives. children. CAREERS Has not yet Has had at chosen a least fifteen career, but or twenty knows she has careers, all lots of time to of them very decide and that different. she will have the opportunity Does this so to have many he always careers. has a challenge— doesn’t get bored. LONGEVITY Has had her Faithfully first Prep, but does his has not yet Process and undergone the has been Process. alive for almost four Sees an hundred unlimited future years. Still vigorous and youthful.

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 131-133 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. c Evidence: She didn’t look a day over thirty and was constantly around. In addition, Leo still was fond of her. He thought Katrin and Marilisa could become friends, but Marilisa thought that would be very difficult. 2. b Evidence: He winks and laughs at her and jokes about being able to play with her when Leo is done with her.

3. c Evidence: He says he wants the marriage to go on forever. 4. c Evidence: She thinks from time to time of the men she will marry after she and Leo have gone their separate ways. Perhaps she’ll stay with Leo for ten years, perhaps for fifty. No one stays married forever. Fifteen, twenty years, that’s the usual. Sixty or seventy tops. She even has thought about the jobs of her future husbands. 5. a Evidence: Marilisa is disturbed by the idea of having the same husband for hundreds of years, but, at the same time, is disturbed by the idea of having many different husbands. She also worries about the “vast amount of time” that is in front of her.

READING SKILL 2, page 137 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Will a doubled lifespan cause overpopulation? What benefits will come from a doubled lifespan? 2. How will marriage and family be affected by a longer lifespan? Will people stay married to the same person their whole lives or have multiple marriages? 3. At what age will people retire? Will there be enough jobs for young people?

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 138 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: EFFECT Marriage Positive Marriage Negative Effect Effect R1 you will be able to R1 extremely large have many different age difference and interesting between spouses spouses R2 you won’t feel you have to stay in a loveless marriage out of inertia

R2 multiple brief marriages

Careers Positive Effect R1 you can “reinvent” yourself by changing careers and finding a fresh challenge

Careers Negative Effect R1 no negative effects



R2 economic productivity will go up; you can try different careers

Family Structure Positive Effect R1 No positive effects

R2 more quality time with loved ones; watch future generations grow up

Answer Key

R2 fewer job openings; corporations and universities will stagnate without youthful talent and ideas Family Structure Negative Effect R1 have to deal with multiple ex-wives / husbands and stepchildren R2 large age difference in siblings would create different set of social relationships

REVIEW, page 139 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Positive Negative Neutral awesome chilly disparate fond impetuous immeasurably punctually insufferable inevitably vigorous loveless tolerable emphatic presumptuous ultimately worrisome utterly radically

Suffixes

Paragraphs 1– 2 -al Paragraphs 3– 4 -ic -ical Paragraphs 5– 7 -less -ing Paragraphs 10–13 -ly -ed -some -ant -ful

Toward Immortality Example Definition from Text or Synonym

Example of a New Adjective with the Same Suffix

personal

individual

minimal

emphatic practical

forceful sensible

narcotic tropical

loveless remaining

without love still left

homeless smoking

inevitably

Without doubt restricted troublesome steady young

happily

limited worrisome constant youthful

skilled awesome elegant hopeful

GRAMMAR EXPAND, pages 139-141 Answers in the last column may vary. Suggested answers: Death Do Us Part Suffixes

Paragraphs 1-2 -ing -ive Paragraphs 3-5 -able -al Paragraphs 6-15 -ent -ous Paragraphs 26-33 -ible -ic Paragraphs 34-38 -y

Death Do us Part Example Definition from Text or Synonym

Example of a New Adjective with the Same Suffix

shimmering impulsive

sparkling impetuous

speeding active

insufferable ideal

intolerable perfect

comfortable Traditional

Ancient serious

very old sincere

different curious

permissible romantic

allowable passionate

invisible emphatic

misty

foggy

dirty

1, page 142 1. Yes, it happened three years ago. 2. No, he has been an architect . . . not he is. 3. Yes, they are still searching because the verb is in the continuous form, searching, and the sentence states since the beginning of recorded history, which is when they started searching. 4. simple past in a, present perfect in b, and present perfect continuous in c. 2, pages 144-145 1. have been searching 2. has been 3. have not been 4. took 5. attended 6. didn’t actually start 7. have gone

8. discussed 9. has been doing 10. have had 11. have enjoyed 12. completed 13. has been working



3, page 146 1. has met 2. visited 3. has had 4. has been talking 5. met

Answer Key

UNIT 6 6. have been studying 7. have figured 8. attended 9. has been doing 10. has written

WRITE 1, pages 148-149 1. Circle: My life has been an endless roller coaster ride filled with immeasurable happiness and sadness. 2. The next paragraphs will probably be about this happiness and sadness. 3. TOUCH: shakes awake SMELL: bitter coffee, burnt toast SIGHT: alarm robot, meteor shower TASTE: sour milk, bitter coffee SOUND: loud crack

REVISE 1, page 150 His home is being compared to a lonely cloud because it floats in the sky. His punctuality is being compared to a Swiss watch because a Swiss watch is precise and dependable. 2, page 150 Paragraph 1: Waterfalls are being compared to cascades of diamonds because they shimmer. Paragraph 2: Leo is being compared to a boy because he looks so young. Paragraph 34: Unknown husbands are being compared to swords that fall between Marilisa and Leo because they will destroy her marriage. 3, page 151 The metaphor is They are vague chilly phantoms. She uses this metaphor because both her unknown future husbands and phantoms are not real and they are scary like ghosts. 4, page 151 An example of personification is: The words skewer her. She uses this personification because hearing the words hurts, as it would hurt if something sharp were pressed into a person.

VOCABULARY 1, page 156 1. decision 2. modestly 3. pride 4. amusement 5. uncertain 6. order

7. sell 8. boring 9. appreciate 10. saddened 11. respond 12. scared

2, pages 156-158 1. donate / challenge / manage Reasons: personal; medical research 2. passion / thrilled / inspired Reasons: environmental and personal 3. passion / satisfaction / inspired Reasons: religious and personal 4. proposal / devoting Reasons: mandatory and personal 5. admiring / determined Reasons: political and personal

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 162 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 2, 3, 5

DETAILS Answers will vary. Suggested answers: THE BENEFITS OF EXAMPLE OF JUSTIN COMMUNITY LEBO SERVICE Encourages people to Justin spent his free use their free time time in the summer constructively. making bicycles for the children at the Kilbarchan Home for Boys. Opens volunteers’ Justin built bikes for all eyes to the great kinds of people in need: variety of people in women in a women’s need by providing shelter, people with opportunities to meet AIDS, and people in a new and different housing project. types of people. One successful Justin continued to community service build bikes after the experience leads to Kilbarchin project. performing other services.



Volunteers learn they can help solve real social problems and needs.

Helps people to find out who they are, what their interests are, and what they are good at.

Answer Key

Justin learned that his bikes helped fulfill the needs of the boys at Kilbarchin and the other people who received them. Justin found out he could take on a big project and complete it. He found out he was good at rebuilding bikes.

MAKE INFERENCES, page 163 1. a 4. b 2. b 5. c 3. c COMPREHENSION, page 167 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: FOR AGAINST MANDATORY MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING VOLUNTEERING 1. Constructive 1. Volunteering is way to spend time. a personal choice. 2. It’s an extracurricular activity (personal choice). 2. Gets kids 3. Many students involved in the already community. volunteer. 3. Some people 4. Students may would not know become resentful how great an and never experience volunteer again. volunteering is unless it were required. 5. Many students don’t have time. 6. The quality of work can suffer.

READING SKILL 2, page 168 Some Take the Time Gladly Paragraph and Persuasive words that number of words or evoke negative phrases emotions 1 (2) grumble indignation 2 (1) 7 (1) 9 (2)

resistant frustrating ridiculous opposing

Problems with Mandatory Volunteering Paragraph and Persuasive words that number of words evoke negative emotions 1 (1) terrible 3 (5) not a good worse resentful not want negative 5 (2) oxymoron opposed STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 169 JUSTIN LEBO (R1) Paragraph Issue 22 Dedication to work 23 Time commitment 24 Personal enrichment SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY (R2) Paragraph Issue 2 Time commitment 5 Personal enrichment PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING (R2) Paragraph Issue 2 Personal choice, Dedication to work 3 Personal choice, Time commitment 4 Time commitment



REVIEW 2, page 171 1. donations 2. inspired 3. passionate 4. challenge 5. proposed 6. resentful

7. opposition 8. pride 9. admired 10. fulfilling 11. indignant

EXPAND, pages 172-173 1. a 5. c 9. c 2. b 6. c 10. b 3. c 7. c 4. b 8. b

GRAMMAR 1, page 176 1. He chose to work on bikes and donate them. They learn to love it and continue after the school requirements are fulfilled. It is a good idea to get students to go out into the community. 2. The concessions introduce a negative opinion. 3. No. If the sentence starts with a concession, there is a comma. If the concession is in the middle of the sentence, there is no comma. 4. The other clauses express the writer’s main idea. 2, pages 177-178 1. supports / Supporters of mandatory volunteering say it is a good way for students to get valuable experience even though they are not paid. 2. supports / Critics of mandatory volunteering maintain that a school should not require a student to do anything after school except homework, though they say that volunteering is better than just sitting around watching TV or playing video games. 3. supports / Although opponents argue that volunteering is a personal choice, and so it shouldn’t be mandatory, supporters note that schools have many required classes that may not be a student’s personal choice. 4. opposes / Critics worry that a bad volunteering experience will stop people from volunteering again in the future in spite of the fact that supporters maintain that most student volunteers have successful experiences and many continue to volunteer later in life.

Answer Key

5. supports / Supporters believe mandatory volunteering can benefit the community despite the fact that critics feel that mandatory volunteers may do a bad job and therefore cause more harm than good.

WRITE 1, pages 180-181 1. He / She is against cutting school sports. 2. Arguments to Cut School Sports: low team participation, low audience participation, high cost 3. Counter Arguments: many teams have high participation numbers so cut back on number of teams, audience participation numbers are not the only way to measure student support and interest there is a devoted fan base; sports help spread school spirit, cost is worth the long term benefits 4. Answers will vary. 5. Answers will vary.

REVISE 1, page 184 Introduction 1 Thesis: It is important to support the proposal for a mandatory community service program so that young people will learn the value of giving to others. / Technique 1 Introduction 2 Thesis: This is why I support a program of mandatory community service in our university. / Technique 3 Introduction 3 Thesis: A mandatory community service program in our school will give students a valuable experience and also help solve important problems in our community. / Technique 2 3, pages 185-186 Conclusion 1 Restatement of thesis: I believe that if students try volunteering, many of them will discover that community service can be an enjoyable and rewarding experience. / Technique 3 Conclusion 2 Restatement of thesis: Isn’t this called a winwin situation? / Technique 2



Answer Key

Conclusion 3 Restatement of thesis: Last year I started tutoring an elementary school student whose parents don’t speak English. At first, he was resentful that he had to stay after school and do more schoolwork. Truthfully, it was also hard for me knowing he did not want to be there. But as the year progressed, I got to know him and the kind of books he liked to read. He began to look forward to our weekly sessions and was eager to see what books I had brought for him. Now we are not just reading friends but we are real friends. I know I have made a difference in his life and he has certainly made a difference in mine. / Technique 1

UNIT 7

VOCABULARY 2, page 191 1. anticipation 2. diversity 3. crucial 4. issue 5. virtual 6. assumption

7. collaboration 8. analyze 9. significantly 10. via 11. subsequent 12. enhance

MAIN IDEAS 2, PAGES 194-195 1. b 2. c 3. a

software allowed him to take note of those that generated the most discussion. 5. F/ paragraph 7 Rewrite: The participants were six to eight students from around the world including some from Princeton. 6. F/ paragraph 9 Rewrite: His audience became as visible to him as the students in a traditional lecture hall as he got to know them by sampling their comments on the forums and in the live, seminar-style discussions. 7. T/ paragraph 11 8. F/ paragraph 13 Rewrite: Professor Duneier’s next online course will be in February.

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 196-197 1. Concerned 2. Very concerned 3. Very concerned 4. Very concerned 5. Somewhat concerned 6. Not very concerned 7. Not very concerned 8. Somewhat concerned 9. Concerned COMPREHENSION, page 201 1. Tommy discovers a book, which is important because they no longer existed at that time; all reading is done from a computer screen. 2. Margie is excited about the discovery. 3. Margie thinks they had fun in the “old days.” 4. Answer will vary. Possible answer: He may fear that books would disappear. READING SKILL

DETAILS, PAGE 195 1. T / paragraph 2 2. F/ paragraph 5 Rewrite: Within a few hours of the first class having ended, it was obvious from the number of comments and questions that students were interested. 3. F/ paragraph 4 Rewrite: The fact that professor Duneier recorded his lectures in an empty classroom made it difficult because there was no audience to provide crucial interpersonal cues. 4. F/ paragraph 6 Rewrite: Although it was impossible to answer all the student comments and questions, the

2, page 202 15 Margie 16 Tommy 17 Margie 18 Tommy 19 Margie 20 Tommy 21 Margie 22 Tommy 23 Margie 24 Tommy 25 Margie 26 Tommy 27 Margie 28 Tommy

29 Margie 30 Tommy 31 Margie 32 Margie’s mother 33 Margie 34 Margie’s mother (Mrs. Jones) 35 Margie 36 Tommy 37 Narrator 38 The mechanical teacher 39 Narrator 40 Narrator 41 The mechanical teacher 42 Narrator



Answer Key

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 202 READING READING ONE TWO 1. Is Yes. A human Yes. A there a teacher who mechanical teacher? If teaches via the teacher. yes, describe Internet. the teacher. Where Anywhere In a special 2. does the there is an room in the “school” take internet house. place? connection. 3. When Whenever the At the same does “class” student has time every take place? free time. day except Once a week Saturday and there are live Sunday. on-line chats. 4. Are Yes. The No. students teacher and exposed to a classmates. variety of academic opinions? 5. What They can meet The county options are in face-to-face inspector can there for study groups adjust the students who or post mechanical don’t questions in teacher. understand or forums. who need more support? 6. When They can With and where do socialize via neighbors, students forums after school socialize with whenever they time and friends or are on-line or during classmates? in face-to-face breaks. study groups. 7. What It was an They don’t do the incredible like it. students experience and/or teacher and created an think about the indescribable learning emotional experience? relationship with classmates

REVIEW, pages 203-204 1. anticipation 9. enhanced 2. assumption 10. significantly 3. crucial 11 sector 4. via 12. issue

5. adjust 6. collaboration 7. virtual 8. diversity

13. analyze 14. dispute 15. disappointed 16. overall

EXPAND, page 205 NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE

ADVERB

adjustment adjustability

adjust

X

analysis anticipation

analyze anticipate

assumption

assume

coll aboration X disappointme nt dispute diversity enhancement

collaborate X disappoint

issue sector significance X X

issue X signify X X

(well) adjusted adjustable analyzable anticipated anticipative assumed assumable col laborative crucial disappointing disappointed disputed diverse enhancing enhanced X X significant subsequent virtual

dispute diversify enhance

X X X collaborati vely crucially disappointingl y X diversely X X X significantly subsequently virtually

GRAMMAR 1, page 207 1. Direct speech has commas and quotation marks. 2. The verb tenses used in direct speech will change in indirect speech. For example, simple present in direct speech will change to simple past in indirect speech. In addition, pronouns and possessives change to keep speaker’s original meaning. The word that may also be added in indirect speech. 2, pages 209-210 1. c 5. b 2. a 6. a 3. b 7. c 4. c 3, page 210 1. Tommy said that his father knew as much as his teacher. 2. The inspector told Margie’s mother that he thought the geography sector had been a little too difficult. 3. He added that he’d slowed it up to a ten-year level.



Answer Key

4. Tommy said that was the old kind of school that they had had hundreds and hundreds of years before. 5. Margie told Tommy that her mother said a teacher had to be adjusted to fit the mind of each boy and girl it taught. 6. Tommy told Margie that she could read the book with him again the next day.

WRITE 2, pages 214-215 1. Point by Point 2. Block 3. Point by Point

REVISE 1, page 216 1. similar: while, in the same way different: in contrast, whereas 2. the amount of time spent in class, teachers, availability of teachers, expectations about homework 2, pages 217-218 1. MOOC students are taught and submit papers via the internet; Likewise, Tommy and Margie also are taught via the computer. 2. Professor Duneier liked the MOOC’s course delivery method in the same way the MOOC students were excited about the new use of educational technology. 3. Professor Duneier wasn’t sure he could effectively teach his students. Similarly, Margie doubted a man could teach effectively. 4. Margie wanted to go to a traditional school; on the other hand, students today are tired of traditional school and want to incorporate distance learning in their education. 5. Many of Professor Duneier’s MOOC students chose his course instead of a traditional sociology course. In contrast, for other students, the choice was his MOOC or no sociology course at all. 6. While The Fun They Had describes the future as it was imagined in 1951, “Teaching the World from Central New Jersey” describes a present that may seem futuristic to some people.

3, pages 219-220 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. I am taking five courses this semester. I am happy with all my teachers. However, my English and history teachers are definitely my favorites. They are both extremely enthusiastic and knowledgeable about their subjects. For example, my English teacher, Mr. Dadio, has recently received an award for his teaching. Similarly, my history teacher, Ms. Mantell, also clearly knows her subject. In fact, she has written history textbooks that are being used by many school systems. They both have good senses of humor. Mr. Dadio likes to joke with the students, which helps us relax. In the same way, Ms. Mantell’s witty comments also help reduce the stress many students feel because of our school’s demanding curriculum. Both teachers insist that we work hard, and we do. However, the type of work that they give is different. Mr. Dadio expects us to read complete novels in only a couple of days, and he grades us on our essays comparing the characters or plots. In contrast, Ms. Mantell expects us to read a chapter every two classes, and, instead of grading us on papers, she gives us tests are that are usually short answer or multiple-choice questions. Despite their differences, they are both excellent teachers. 2. Each new level of education brings new challenges and demands to students. Moving from high school into college can be especially difficult because of the freedom students experience in college along with a new set of expectations. In high school students usually live at home and their parents take care of all their physical needs such as food and housing. Students do not usually have to shop for their food, take time to pay bills, or even do their own laundry. Parents are also there to help with and make sure that the student’s homework is done. During the school day, students rarely have free time. They go directly from one class to the other. Teachers are always around to tell the students what to do. Finally, the work itself is not so challenging. Students can often complete their homework and reading in a short time. On the other hand, in college, Students often live away from home in dorms or apartments. They may be responsible for shopping, paying bills and laundry. They also may have to cook their own meals. Their parents are not around to help with homework or even to check that it has been done. In contrast to students in high school, students in college may



Answer Key

have a lot of free time between classes, but must discipline themselves to use this time productively for homework and other assignments. Most importantly, college requires a higher level of thinking and a lot more work than high school. 3. My old school in Lima was very small. On the other hand, my school In New York is gigantic. There were only about 75 students in my Lima school, and we all knew each other well. The teachers knew every student by name. In contrast, in New York there are over 1400 students, and the immense halls are filled with unfamiliar faces, male and female. However, My school in Lima was only for boys; girls went to another school. In Lima, we spoke only Spanish at school while here we mostly speak English but sometimes Spanish. The teachers in Lima were very good and always were able to answer any question that we had. Likewise, in New York the teachers are also excellent. Use of technology is another difference between the two schools. We had very little technology in Lima. There were only a couple of computers in the whole school, and students rarely got to use them. In contrast, in New York, every student is given a laptop at the beginning of ninth grade, and assignments are posted on class websites. In fact, I often email my homework and questions to teachers. I like school in New York, but sometimes I miss the intimacy of my old school.

UNIT 8

VOCABULARY, pages 226-227 1. b 5. b 9. a 2. c 6. b 10. c 3. b 7. b 11. b 4. a 8. a 12. a

MAIN IDEAS 2, page 231 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Part I: Some signs of compulsive use of smartphones are continuously using the smartphone to check email, read blogs, check twitter etc. even on weekends or when you are on vacation. Part II: It is unclear. According to some experts, we are not seeing smartphone addiction now, but the potential is there. Others define addiction

as anything that disrupts your work or family life. In this case smartphone use could be seen as an addiction. Still others say it is a dysfunction not an addiction. Part III: Because smartphones provide an almost continuous stream of messages and alerts as well as easy access to compelling information sources. They create an environment of almost constant interruptions and distractions. Because of this, we are not able to maintain our attention, to engage in contemplation and reflection, or even to be alone with our thoughts. Part IV: You can be conscious, strong, and disciplined. You should also take “predictable time off”. Another solution is to slowly wean yourself off email, web browsing, and social media.

DETAILS, pages 231-233 1. c 5. a 9. a 2. a 6. b 10. b 3. b 7. c 4. c 8. b

MAKE INFERENCES, pages 233-235 Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 1. Smartphones can cause people to be rude. This shows that according to his definition, smartphones are not truly addictive because they only satisfy one part of his definition, the harmful impact on your life. He does not talk about any physical withdrawal. 2. Smartphones create bad habits. This is not just the author’s opinion, but is substansciated by research. 3. Smartphones make our thinking more superficial. The author’s idea is supported by an expert in the field. 4. There is a solution to smartphone obsession. Statistics compiled over a four-year period support the author’s conclusion.

COMPREHENSION, page 238 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 1. The only thing he could think about was his iPhone and he was oblivious to the beauty around him. 2. the family decided they were going to be electronics-free for a week.



Answer Key

3. that they did something every day and got out of the cabin to explore. 4. they slowed down and became more connected with their surroundings.

READING SKILL 2, page 239 Suggested answers: 1. Being electronics-free (life without electronics) 2. The slowing down of time 3. The benefits of their electronic-free week

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 240 Suggested answers: PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Continuous checking Predictable time off Self-discipline Anxiety if lost or Slowly diminish use unavailable Wean yourself away Constant availability Turn off alerts Make specific times smartphone-free Avoid using web browsers Use at inappropriate No texting and driving times Make commitment not to use phone in certain situations

REVIEW, pages 242-243 1. trigger 9. twitching 2. diminish 10. dysfunction 3. wean / away from 11. temptation 4. relent 12. conscious 5. urge 13. literally 6. devices 14. compulsive 7. anxiety 15. influx 8. dependency

EXPAND, pages 243-244 1. compulsion 7. blinded to 2. search 8. commitment 3. addiction 9. steals / contemplation 4. trigger 10. can’t stand 5. ignoring me 11. shun 6. repeatedly

GRAMMAR 1, page 245 1. get back/ turn off/ give up 2. Get, in this sentence, would mean arrive. Get back means return. 3. Turn means rotate, but turn off, in this sentence, means to stop the iPhone from functioning. 4. Give means to offer, give up, in this sentence, means to stop using (the iPhone). 2, pages 247-248 1. ignore 2. persuade 3. examine 4. become popular 5. conduct 6. postpone 7. discard 8. like 3, page 249 1. think back on 2. turn into 3. take to away 4. come up with 5. get together with away from 6. going back

9. return to 10. invent 11. meet 12. cancel 13. become 14. Extinguish / stop 15. start 16. appear

7. turn on 8. turning in 9. throwing (my life) 10. talk (me) into 11. weaned (myself) 12. turned out

WRITE 1, page 251 EFFECT: People cannot concentrate or think deeply. 4, page 254 Cause I. The Boston Group participated in an experiment run by Leslie Effect Perlow, PhD. (becomes A. Took Predictable Time Off cause) 1. Increased efficiency Multiple 2. Increased collaboration effects (13. Better work-life balance 3) II. Writer’s plan to manage own smartphone use by using multiple strategies A. Slowly diminished time Multiple between checking causes (AB. Stopped using phone for D) web browsing C. Stopped using phone for social media



Multiple effects (ad)

Answer Key

D. Stopped using phone for texting and emailing while driving 1. Overall effect a. Concentrating better b. More aware of surroundings c. More relaxed d. More focused use of smartphone

REVISE 1, page 256 Answers may vary. Suggested answers: The writer of the unplugged article wanted her family to enjoy an electronics-free vacation; therefore, she took them to a remote island in the wilderness of British Columbia. On the first day of the vacation her son couldn’t enjoy the beauty of their surroundings because he was suffering from acute iPhone withdrawal. On the other hand, her husband and daughter were doing fine. They had found things to do that didn’t rely on electronics, so they suffered no withdrawal symptoms. As time passed, her son forgot about his iPhone. As a result, he was able to enjoy himself at the beach and reading. He was also able to have fun hiking and swimming since he was no longer thinking only about this iPhone.

distractions, people cannot concentrate or think deeply. 4. C / E There are approximately 40,000 medical apps available today for smartphones and tablets; as a result, it is like having a health expert at your fingertips. There are approximately 40,000 medical apps available today for smartphones and tablets; thus, it is like having a health expert at your fingertips. 5. C / E Because Smartphone apps can remotely turn on and off the heat in your home when you are out, homeowners can save money and help to cut down on the use of fossil fuels. Smartphone apps can remotely turn on and off the heat in your home when you are out, so homeowners can save money and help to cut down on the use of fossil fuels. 6. E / C Many people use tablets and e-readers for most of their reading; for this reason, the number of hardcover and paperback books being sold has declined. Because of the fact (that) many people use tablets and e-readers for most of their reading, the number of hardcover and paperback books being sold has declined.

2, pages 256-257 1. C / E Employees at usemyphone.com started taking predictable time off; as a result, there was increased efficiency and collaboration among employees. Because employees at usemyphone.com started taking predictable time off, there was increased efficiency and collaboration among employees. 2. E / C It is easy to stay in contact with people even when they are not at home since many people have smartphones phones. Many people have smartphones phones; therefore, it is easy to stay in contact with people even when they are not at home. 3. E / C Smartphones create an environment of constant interruptions and distractions; consequently, people cannot concentrate or think deeply. Due to the fact that smartphones create an environment of constant interruptions and


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