Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Prepared by: Ms. Angeline Marie L. Trayfalgar
I. Introduction to Contemporary Art
relevant
1. Art: define a. The imitation of life and of the world rendered beautifully, which gives pleasure b. A human pursuit to imitate life and the world in to something pleasing/beautiful c. A replication/recreation of reality. d. Elements: i. Subject ii. Medium Philippine art: influenced by our colonial history and migrant reality i. When it depicts the Filipino way of living ii. The Filipino-ness is present 2. Art: Purpose and Function a. P: To allow individual to experience life and grasp it’s meaning b. F: Decoration, Expression of emotions and sentiments and Entertainment 3. Contemporary Art: Define a. Art produced by artist today b. Not restricted to the individual experience of the artist but is reflective of the world that we live in. c. An art that has a wor ld view and is sensitive to the changing times. d. Is a statement that an artist makes about life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and many other things that define human life. e. Refers to all artworks created by artist that are living and are very representative of our times, capturing modern-day realities ranging from constant and instant connectivity to borderless societies. 4. Characteristics of Contemporary Arts a. It is not confined to the museum but rather made public. The production process gives meaning to art making and originality is not issue b. Traditional artist perfects their art by practicing “mimesis” or copying the model exactly as it is, contemporary artist deliberately broke the rules of traditional art c. The essence of art relies on the artmaking. It is the process/ “experience” d. Different materials are used as opposed to traditional materials. e. Characterized by bold strokes and bright colors. f. Art is abstract, expressionist, and surrealists. 5. Contemporary Art: Elements/Principles Elements/Principles a. Appropriation: Traditional Art(ie:
commercialism and the likes.
Paintings and Portrait) appropriated/ used/ placed in T-shirts, Mugs and the likes b. Performance:
The
depictions
of
ordinary events/activities into socially
c.
Space:
themes
such
as
transformation
poverty,
of
space
(sculpture installation in malls and parks, flash mobs presentations) d. Hybridity:
The
mixing
of
unlikely
materials to produce an artwork (sand, mud, coffee and the likes) e. Technology: the use of video and social media/ internet (youtube sensations, instagram/facebook)
II. Various Philippine Art Forms 1. Modern vs. Contemporary Art Modern art is referred to as “Traditional” compared to Contemporary Art. Contemporary Art is the art of the present, which is continuously in process and flux. Modern art is characterized by the artist's intent to portray a subject as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique perspective and is typified by a rejection of accepted or traditional styles and values.
2. Division of Art a) Fine Arts (major art) – art) – are are primarily for aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially visual and auditory. It is the changing of certain materials or media for aesthetic purposes. b) Utilitarian or Practical Arts ( minor art) – art) – are intended for practical use or utility. It is the changing of raw materials for utilitarian purposes. However they must possess ornaments or artistic qualities to make them useful and beautiful. 3. Types of Art a) Industrial Art - It is the changing of raw materials into some significant product for human consumption b) Applied or Household Household Art - household art such as flower arrangement, interior decoration, dressmaking, home – home – making, embroidery, and cooking. c) Civic Art – Art – includes includes city or town planning, maintenance and beautification of parks, plaza, roads, bridges and farms. d) Commercial Art – Art – involves involves business propaganda in the form of advertisements in newspapers and magazines, sign painting, billboard announcements, leaflets, displays, poster designing, and movie illustrations.
e) Graphic Art – anything printed from
f)
b) Juan Luna y Novicio – Filipino painter,
raised or sunken reliefs and plane
sculptor, and a political activist during
surfaces.
the 19th century revolution; his greatest
Agricultural Art – refers to agronomy
work is the Spolarium(1884)
(crop production), horticulture (garden
c)
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo – 19th
cultivation), husbandry (raising of cows,
century painter; works has a touch of
carabao, poulty and swine), and
Romanticism and aesthetics of
farming.
Neoclassicism
g) Business Art – includes merchandising,
d) Two Filipino Art Styles Developed
bookkeeping, typewriting, stenography,
i.
salesmanship, and business
pays attention to the
administration
embroidery and texture of the
h) Fishery Art – includes shallow and deep
costume
sea fishing, fish refrigeration and i)
ii.
fuses letters with figures in
Medical or Clinical Art – includes first
everyday activities; usually used
aid treatments, medicinal
on patron saints’ names. 3. American Colonial Period (1898 – 1946) - the Filipino artist starts looking for his
operations and rehabilitation.
identity
III. Philippine Art History
- the Americans brought Education and Value Formation with both following
1. Pre-Conquest/Pre-Colonial Period (6185 BC –
the American Way of Life
1520 AD)
- Art Illustration, Advertising and
a) Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) – Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan
Commercial Design gained popularity
Two- flake tools dated 9 million years
and incorporated in Fine Arts.
old is the oldest man-made object
- Painting themes still largely favored
associated with the fossils of the
Genre Paintings,Landscapes and Still
proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant
Life; - Portraits are reserved for high ranking
b) Agono Petroglyphs – oldest work of art in the Philippines located in the
officials with a more academic
province of Rizal. It contains 127 human
approach to make the subject more
and animal figures carved on the
formal.
rockwall.
a) Art Nouveau – a style of decorative art,
Lingling – O (2000 BC – 1000 AD) – a
architecture, and design prominent in
kind of ear pendant fashioned from
Western Europe and the US and
green nephrite (Jade)
characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural
d) Manunggul Jar (890 – 710 BC) – burial
forms
jar excavated from the Tabon Caves in Palawan
b) Fabian dela Rosa – leading Master of Genre in the first quarter of the century
e) Maitum Jar (190 BC – 500 AD) – anthromorphic secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave, Saranggani. f)
Letras y Figuras – art style that
culture, and net weaving.
manufacturing, surgery, medical
c)
Miniaturismo – art style that
c)
Guillermo Tolentino – National Artist Awards for Sculpture in 1973
Baybayin – a tagalog ancient script
- considered as the Father of
(Badlit in Visayas) derived from the
Filipino Arts
Brahmic scripts of India
- made the famous “Bonifacio
2. Spanish Colonial Period (1521 – 1898) - introduced formal painting, sculpture and architecture which was inspired by the Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and
Monument” and the “UP Oblation” d) Fernando Amorsolo – First Awardee of the National Artist Award in 1972
Rococo art styles
- a portraitist and painter of
- most art works are religious based
rural landscapes
- the Filipino Classicism is formed that
4. Post-Modern Art (1946 – 1970)
borrows the Neo-Classicism,
- The study of determining what is
Romanticism, and even a hint of
Philippine Contemporary Art Period is
Impressionism
still being determined since the word
a) Damian Domingo (Father of Filipino
has been used loosely used even during
Painting) – first Filipino to paint his face
the American Colonial Period. However,
(self-portrait)
some Philippine art historians/critics has always been a follower of the
Western Art Style and its trends at that
b) Form – shows an object in space, the
point and thus, suggested that this was
mass or positive space it occupies. The
actually the point where Philippine
term usually used when describing 3D
Modern Art Period started but went
objects.
only full swing only after the war. This is
c)
set by the creation of the Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) that
known as negative space d) Texture – the feel, real or implied, on
in a way has a strong leaning with the Modernist than the Conservatives (the
Space – what is between objects, also
an object or its surface e) Shape – area enclosed when both sides
traditional
of a line meet. Shapes can be geometric
art also termed as the Amorsolo School)
or organic; 2D
- Postmodern art is a body of art
f)
Color – Also known as hue. May be
movements that sought to contradict
complimentary, analogous, primary,
some aspects of modernism or some
secondary, tertiary, or part of a color
aspects that emerged or developed in
wheel
its aftermath.
g) Value – the lightness or darkness of an
- In general, movements such as
object or color. Often used with
intermedia, installation art, conceptual
drawings.
art and multimedia, particularly involving video are described as
postmodern.
2. Principles of Art – are the concepts; they affect content and message a) Emphasis – when one area in a work of
5. Contemporary Art
art stands out more than another. The
- Contemporary art as the work of artists who are living in the 21 st century.
part that catches your attention first. b) Movement – the motion created in a
- Contemporary art mirrors
work of art. Often uses the principle of
contemporary culture and society,
rhythm to achieve this.
offering the general audiences a rich
c) Unity – the feeling of wholeness or the
resource through which to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar.
parts belonging together d) Rhythm – the repetition of lines,
- The work of contemporary artists is a
shapes, or colors to create a feeling of
dynamic combination of materials,
movement
methods, concepts, and
e) Contrast – a difference created when
subjects that challenges traditional
elements are placed next to each other
boundaries and defies easy definition.
in a work of art. It creates interest and
IV. Elements and Principles of Art Design 1. Elements of Art –are the parts; they structure and carry the work a) Line – strokes that show motion and connect two points. May be vertical, horizontal or diagonal, curved, straight,
tension f)
Variety – the use of different lines, shapes, and colors in a piece of wor k
g) Balance – the way the elements are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work h) Proportion – the comparative
zigzag, or show emotion; a mark with
relationship of one part to another with
length and direction
respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE
V. National Artist Awards 1. What does it mean to receive the National Artist Award? If you’re given the title of national artist, you can consider yourself one of the best. By being given the title, it means you have given significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letter s. The recognition is given to those who excel in the fields of music, dance, theatre, visual arts, literature, film and broadcast, and architecture or allied arts. 2. What are the privileges received by the awardees? a. Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines b. Insignia of a National Artist and a c itation c. Cash awards, monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life insurance coverage, state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes’ Cemetery), and a place of honor at national state function along with recognition at cultural events. 3. How does one become a National Art ist? a. Living artists who have been Filipino citizens for the last ten years prior to nomination as well as those who have died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;
b. Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works; c. Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists; d. Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and e. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition, awards in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an ar tistic discipline. 4. Who are some of the National Artists?
Architecture Juan F. Nakpil Pablo S. Antonio
Quiapo, Manila Binondo, Manila
1973 1976
Leandro V. Locsin
Silay, Neg. Occ
1990
Visual Arts Carlos “Botong” Francisco Guillermo Tolentino
Angono, Rizal Malolos, Bulacan
1973 1973
Fernando Amorsolo
Paco, Manila
1972
Cinema Ronald Allan K. Poe (Fernando Poe Jr.)
Manila
2006
Eddie Romero
Dumaguete
2003
Lino Brocka
Pilar, Sorsogon
1997
Literature Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales (NVM Gonzales)
Romblon
1997
Carlos P. Romulo
Intramuros, Manila
1982
Seonil Jose
Rosales, Pangasinan Bayombong, Nueva Viscaya
2001
The Winds of April, Seven Hills Away, Children of the Ash-Covered Loam, The Bread of Salt The United, I Walked with Heroes, The Philippine Presidents Rosales Saga
1999
The Bonsai, The Return
1997
The Great Malayan; Maps and Views of Old Manila; Philippine Cartography Translated and Re-wrote lyrics of Traditional melodies: O Maliwanag na Buwan (Iloko) Alibangbang (Visayas) Guinness Book of World Record Holder for playing music using a leaf
Edith Tiempo Carlos Quirino (Historical Literature) Levi Celerio (Literature and Music)
Tondo, Manila
1997
Rebuilt Quiapo Church Far Eastern University Administration and Science buildings ; Manila Polo Club; Ideal Theater; Lyric Theater; Galaxy Theater; Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building ; Boulevard- Alhambra (now Bel-Air) apartments; Ramon Roces Publications Building (now Guzman Institute of Electronics). Istana Nural Iman (Palace of Brunei’s sultan) The CCP Complex
Murals Bonifacio Monument UP Oblation Maiden in a Stream, El Ciego, Planting Rice
Underdog Image Projected in His Films: Batang Maynila (1962) Tatak ng Alipin (1975) Ang Probinsyano (1996) Ang Panday (1980 – 1984) Nationalistic and Historical Type of Cinema: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Noli Me Tangere Espoused the term “Freedom of Expression Films are mostly on rediscovering national identity Santiago (1970) Tinimbang ka Ngunit Kulang (1974) Orapronobis (1989)
Fashion Design Ramon Valera
Abra
2006
Created the Terno and Butterfly Sleeves
Theater Design Salvador F. Bernal
Dagupan
2003
Uses local materials for theatre productions; founded the PATDAT (Philippine Association of Theater Designers and Technicians)
Dance Ramon Obusan Francisca Reyes Aquino
Camarines Norte Bulacan
2006 1973
Leonor Orosa Goquinco
Sulu
1976
Vamos a Belen! Series (1998- 2004) Philippine National Dances (1946) Fundamental Dance Steps and Music (1948) Known as the “Trailblazer” “Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics”
Music Ramon P. Santos Lucrecia R. Kasilag
Rizal La Union
2014 1989
Antonio J. Molina
Quiapo,Manila
1973
Theater Daisy H. Avellana
Roxas, Capiz
1999
Severino Montano
Ilocos Norte
2001
Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
Manila
1997
Panaghoy (1984) toccata for percussions and winds, divertissement and concertante Hatinggabi; Kundiman – Kundangan; Awit ni Maria Clara
Othello (1953); Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino (1955) Institutionalized theatre in the Philippines Founder and Artistic Director of UP Mobile Theater
VI. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards
National Living Treasures Award
Republic Act No. 7355 s. 1992 o
Shall mean a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino
o
Whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of te chnical and artistic excellence
o
Have been passed on to and widely practiced by t he present generation in his/her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence
o
Must be an inhabitant of an indigenous cultural community
o
Engaged in a folk art tradition that ex isted for at least fifty years
Headed by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
1. What is it? - Search for the finest traditional artists of the land - adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to others - undertakes measure to promote a genuine appreciation of and instil pride among our people 2. What are the various categories? -folk architecture
-literature
-maritime transport
-graphic design
-weaving carving
-ornament
-performing arts
-pottery
3. What are the incentives received by the awardee? - specially designed gold medallion
-P10,000 monthly stipend for life
- an initial grant of P100,000
-P14,000 monthly personal allowance
4. Who are some of the awardees?
a) Samaon Sulaiman - kudyapi Master b) Ginaw Bilog c) Masino Intaray d) Lang Dulay
