Nokia LTE – EPS Overview
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced 2
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Schedule for 3GPP releases
• Next step for
A true global roaming technology
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and cdma2000
Specification: UMTS/ WCDMA
HSDPA IMS
3GPP 3GPP Rel. Rel. 99/4 99/4
Rel. Rel. 55
HSUPA MBMS WLAN IW Rel. Rel. 66
2003
2005
2000
• •
• • 3
HSPA+ LTE Studies Rel. Rel. 77 2007
LTE & EPC
LTE-A studies
LTE-A
Rel. Rel. 88
Rel. Rel. 99
Rel. Rel. 10 10
2008
2009
2011
year
LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility. HSPA and LTE have in common: – Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency – Same kind of Turbo coding The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements. WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization. RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE = Long Term Evolution
• Next step for
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA • Peak data rates of 300 Mbps / 50 Mbps (R8)
A true global roaming technology
Enhanced consumer experience
• Low latency 10-20 ms • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 – 20 MHz (R8)
Easy to introduce on any frequency band
• OFDM technology • Flat, scalable IP based
Decreased cost / GB
architecture
4
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Summary of Capabilities & Benefits of LTE/EPC Fully packet-oriented mobile broadband network providing: Peak data rates of 100 Mbps (DL) Peak data rates of 50 Mbps (UL) Very low latency Seamless and lossless handover Sophisticated QoS to support important real time applications such as voice, video and interactive gaming Support for terminal speeds of 150-500 Km/h Cell ranges of up to 100 Km.
Supports flexible frequency bandwidths by means of OFDM, MIMO, HARQ etc. an outstanding spectrum efficiency can be achieved Extended Interworking Functionality seamless mobility with other 3GPP access systems (UMTS, GPRS), with 3GPP2/cdma2000 Reduced Terminal Complexity Specific transmission schemes Minimize power consumption
Reduced cost per bit Simplified Architecture All IP
5
Maximised exploitation of frequency Resources
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE FDD and TDD Modes Bandwidth t up to 20MHz Uplink
Bandwidth
t
up to 20MHz
Bandwidth up to 20MHz Uplink
Downlink Guard Period f
Duplex Frequency
6
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Downlink f
FDD and TDD modes (2/2) FDD and TDD modes Harmonisation (commonalities)
FDD and TDD modes differences
FDD and TDD mode included together in the same specification
FDD developed in the paired 3GPP spectrum
Same radio interface schemes for both uplink and downlink
TDD developed in the unpaired 3GPP spectrum
Same subframe formats
Small differences in the physical channels design
Same network architecture Different frame formats Same air interface protocols Same physical channels procedures
FDD mode has commonalities with 3G UMTS TDD mode has commonalities with TDSCDMA (developed in China)
7
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)
Enhanced consumer experience: - drives subscriber uptake - allow for new applications - provide additional revenue streams
• Peak data rates of 303 Mbps / 75 Mbps (R8)
• Low latency 10-20 ms 350 300
Mbps
250
Max. peak data rate
Latency (Rountrip delay)* GSM/ EDGE
Downlink Uplink
HSPA Rel6
200 150 100
HSPAev o (Rel8)
50
LTE
0 HSPA R6
8
Evolved HSPA (Rel. 7/8, 2x2 MIMO)
LTE 2x20 MHz (2x2 MIMO)
RA41202EN60GLA0
LTE 2x20 MHz (4x4 MIMO)
mi ma n x
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
* Server near RAN
8 0
10 0
12 0
14 0
16 0
18 0
DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
20 m 0 s
LTE Frequency Variants in 3GPP – FDD
9
Europe
Japan
Americas
BW[MHz] 2x60
Uplink [MHz] 1920-1980
Downlink [MHz] 2110-2170
2
2x60
1850-1910
1930-1990
US PCS
3
2x75
1710-1785
1805-1880
1800
4
2x45
1710-1755
2110-2155
US AWS
5
2x25
824-849
869-894
US 850
6
2x10
830-840
875-885
Japan 800
7
2x70
2500-2570
2620-2690
2600
8
2x35
880-915
925-960
900
9
2x35
1749.9-1784.9
1844.9-1879.9
10
2x60
1710-1770
2110-2170
11
2x25
1427.9-1452.9
1475.9-1500.9
12
2x18
698-716
728-746
US700
13
2x10
777-787
746-756
US700
14
2x10
788-798
758-768
US700
17
2x12
704 – 716
734 – 746
US700
18
2x15
815 – 830
860 – 875
Japan 800
19
2x15
830 – 845
875 – 890
Japan 800
20
2x30
832 – 862
791 – 821
UHF (TV)
21
2x15
1447.9 – 1462.9
1495.9 – 1510.9
24
2x34
1626.5 – 1660.5
1525 – 1559
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Band 1
UMTS core
Japan 1700 Extended AWS Japan 1500
TS36.101
LTE Frequency Variants - TDD
10
Band
BW[MHz]
Frequency [MHz]
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
1x20 1x15 1x60 1x60 1x20 1x50 1x40 1x100 1x194 1x200 1x200
1900 - 1920 2010 - 2015 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 1910 - 1930 2570 - 2620 1880 - 1920 2300 - 2400 2496 - 2690 3400 - 3600 3600 - 3800
RA41202EN60GLA0
UMTS TDD UMTS TDD US PCS US PCS US PCS Euro midle gap 2600 China TDD China TDD UMTS TDD new with Rel. 10
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Scalable Bandwidth Scalable bandwidth • Scalable bandwidth of 1.4 –
Easy to introduce on any frequency band: Frequency Refarming (Cost efficient deployment on lower frequency bands supported)
20 MHz
• (1.4; 3; 5; 10; 15; 20) Mhz
Urban
2.6 GHz
LTE UMTS
2.1 GHz
or
2.6 GHz
UMTS
2.1 GHz 2006
2008
LTE
2010
2012
2014
2016
LTE 2018
2020
Rural UMTS
900 MHz GSM
or
2006 11
2008
RA41202EN60GLA0
LTE
GSM
900 MHz 2010
2012
LTE
2014
2016
2018
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
2020
Reduced Network Complexity
• Flat, scalable IP based architecture
Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture IP based Interfaces Flat, IP based architecture
Access
Core
Control
MME
IMS
HLR/HSS
Internet Evolved Node B 12
RA41202EN60GLA0
Gateway ©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE/SAE Requirements Summary 1. •. •.
Simplify the RAN: - Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their complexity. - Minimize the number of RAN interface types.
2.
Increase throughput: Peak data rates of UL/DL 50/300 Mbps (R8)
3.
Reduce latency (prerequisite for CS replacement).
4.
Improve spectrum efficiency: Capacity 2-4 x higher than with Release 6 HSPA
5.
Frequency flexibility & bandwidth scalability: Frequency Refarming
6.
Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network: CSFB, SRVCC
7.
Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS services will be supported via VoIP, etc: EPS bearers for IMS based Voice
8.
Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the eNBs S1-Flex interface
9.
Support for inter-working with existing 3G system & non-3GPP specified systems.
10.
Operation in FDD & TDD modes
11.
Improved terminal power efficiency
A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR 25.913.
13
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced
14
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Network Architecture Evolution HSPA
Direct tunnel
I-HSPA
LTE
HSPA R6
HSPA R7
HSPA R7
LTE R8
GGSN
GGSN
GGSN
SAE GW
SGSN
SGSN
SGSN
RNC
RNC
Node B (NB)
Node B (NB)
MME/SGSN
Node B + RNC Functionality
- Flat architecture: single network element in user plane in radio network and core network
15
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Evolved Node B (eNB) User plane Control Plane
Evolved Packet System (EPS) Architecture - Subsystems
• The EPS architecture goal is to optimize the system for packet data transfer. • There are no circuit switched components. The EPS architecture is made up of: – EPC: Evolved Packet Core, also referred as SAE – eUTRAN: Radio Access Network, also referred as LTE EPS Architecture LTE or eUTRAN
SAE or EPC
•
•
16
RA41202EN60GLA0
EPC provides access to external packet IP networks and performs a number of CN related functions (e.g. QoS, security, mobility and terminal context management) for idle and active terminals eUTRAN performs all radio interface related functions
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE/SAE Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300
Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) HSS Mobility Management Entity
eNB
Policy & Charging Rule Function S7 Rx+ PCRF
S6a X2 S1
ME -M
MME
S10
S11 S5/S8
S1-U LTE-Uu
LTE-UE
17
Evolved Node B (eNB)
RA41202EN60GLA0
Serving Gateway
SGi
PDN Gateway SAE Gateway
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
PDN
LTE Radio Interface Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) SAE-GW MME
eNode-B
Serving GW
PDN GW
LTE Radio Interface Key Features • Retransmission Handling (HARQ/ARQ) • Spectrum Flexibility • FDD & TDD modes • Multi-Antenna Transmission • Frequency and time Domain scheduling • Uplink (UL) Power Control 18
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Packet Data Network
EUTRAN Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) SAE-GW MME
eNode-B
Serving GW
PDN GW
EUTRAN Key Features: • Evolved NodeB • IP transport layer • UL/DL resource scheduling • QoS Awareness • Self-configuration
19
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Packet Data Network
EPC Key Features LTE Radio Access Network (EUTRAN)
Evolved Packet Core (EPC) SAE-GW MME
eNode-B
Serving GW
PDN GW
EPC Key Features: • IP transport layer • QoS Awareness • Packet Switched Domain only • 3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option • Prepare to connect to non-3GPP access networks 20
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Packet Data Network
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced
21
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Evolved Node B (eNB) eNB Functions Inter-cell RRM: HO, load balancing between cells Radio Bearer Control: setup , modifications and release of Radio Resources Connection Mgt. Control: UE State Management, MME-UE Connection Radio Admission Control eNode B Meas. collection and evaluation Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) IP Header Compression/ de-compression Access Layer Security: ciphering and integrity protection on the radio interface MME Selection at Attach of the UE User Data Routing to the SAE GW Transmission of Paging Msg coming from MME Transmission of Broadcast Info (e.g. System info, MBMS) 22
RA41202EN60GLA0
• Only network element defined as
part of eUTRAN. • Replaces the old Node B / RNC combination from 3G. • Terminates the complete radio interface including physical layer. • Provides all radio management functions • To enable efficient inter-cell radio management for cells not attached to the same eNB, there is a inter-eNB interface X2 specified. It will allow to coordinate inter-eNB handovers without direct involvement of EPC during this process. ©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced
23
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE Radio Interface & the X2 Interface (E)-RRC User PDUs PDUs .. User User PDUs PDUs (E)-RRC User PDCP PDCP RLC RLC MAC MAC LTE-L1 LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA) (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
TS 36.300
eNB
LTE-Uu X2-CP (Control Plane) TS 36.423 TS 36.422 TS 36.421
X2-AP X2-AP SCTP SCTP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2
• •
X2-UP (User Plane)
•
User User PDUs PDUs
GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2
TS 36.424
X2
TS 36.421
TS 36.420
eNB 24
RA41202EN60GLA0
• • • •
LTE-Uu interface Air interface of LTE Based on OFDMA in DL & SC-FDMA in UL FDD & TDD duplex methods Scalable bandwidth: 1.4MHz - 20 MHz X2 interface Inter eNB interface X2AP: special signaling protocol (Application Part) Functionalities: – In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover and provide data forwarding. – In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management. – Logical interface: doesn’t need direct site-tosite connection, i.e. can be routed via CN as well
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1 interface is divided into two parts:
S1-MME (Control Plane)
S1-MME interface
NAS NAS Protocols Protocols
• Control Plane interface between eNB & MME • S1AP:S1 Application Protocol • MME & UE will exchange NAS signaling via eNB
TS 36.413 TS 36.412
through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)
• S1 Flex: an eNB is allowed to connect to a maximum of 16 MME. (LTE2, RL20) User plane interface between eNB & Serving Gateway.
•
Pure user data interface (U=User plane)
TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane) User User PDUs PDUs
eNB
TS 36.414
S1-U interface
•
MME
S1-AP S1-AP SCTP SCTP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2
TS 36.411
GTP-U GTP-U UDP UDP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2
Serving Gateway
TS 36.410
LTE4: Multi-Operator Core Network (MO-CN): An eNB can be connected simultaneously to the different Evolved Packet Cores (EPCs) of different operators, and shared by them. 25
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces • LTE Terminals •LTE Advanced
26
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE UE Categories • • •
All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5 & 8) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
Tx Power (dBm)
1
[+30]
2
[+27]
3
+23
4
[+21]
Tolerance (dB)
+/-2 dB
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Class 6
Class 7
Class 8
10/5 Mbps
50/25 Mbps
100/50 Mbps
150/50 Mbps
299/75 Mbps
301/50 Mbps
301/102 Mbps
3000/1500 Mbps
RF bandwidth
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
Modulation DL
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
Modulation UL
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
2x2
2x2
2x2
4x4
2x2 or 4x4
2x2 or 4x4
8x8
peakrate DL/UL
Rx diversity MIMO DL
27
Power Class
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE: What is new? - new radio transmission schemes: • OFDMA in DL • SC-FDMA in UL • MIMO Multiple Antenna Technology - New radio protocol architecture: • Complexity reduction • Focus on shared channel operation, no dedicated channels anymore
• new network architecture: – More functionality in the base station (eNodeB) – Focus on PS domain – Flat architecture (2-nodes) – All-IP
• Important for Radio Planning – Frequency Reuse 1 ▪ No need for Frequency Planning – No need to define neighbour lists in LTE
28
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE Air Interface Key Features
TX Fast Link Adaptation due to channel behaviour
scalable
64QAM Modulation
RX Tx
MIMO Channel
Rx
Advanced Scheduling Time & Freq.
Short TTI = 1 ms Transmission time interval HARQ Automatic Repeat Request
DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA
OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface and could be used for both FDD and TDD modes 29
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Module Contents
• LTE Requirements • LTE Key Features • LTE Standardization • LTE Architecture • Evolved NB functionalities • EUTRAN Interfaces •LTE Advanced
30
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE becomes LTE-Advanced with 3GPP Rel 10 LTE-A fulfills or exceeds the requirements of IMT-Advanced defined by ITU Mobility
LTE-Advanced LTE-AdvancedGoals Goals Meet Meet and andexceed exceedcapabilities capabilities requested requestedfor for IMT-Advanced IMT-Advanced Meet Meet 3GPP 3GPPoperators’ operators’requirements requirements for forLTE LTE evolution evolution Enhance Enhance macro macronetwork network performance performance Enable Enable efficient efficient use useof of small small cells cells More MoreBandwidth Bandwidth available available Able Ableto toachieve achievehigher higher data datarates rates (( up up to to 11 Gbps in downlink for stationary users) Gbps in downlink for stationary users)
Data rates
Enhance Enhancethe thecoverage coverage by byincreasing increasingdata datarates rates on on the thecell cell edge edge Backward Backwardcompatibility compatibility
31
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
System Performance Requirements • Peak data rate - 1 Gbps data rate will be achieved by 4-by-4 MIMO and transmission bandwidth wider than approximately 70 MHz • Peak spectrum efficiency - DL: Rel. 8 LTE satisfies IMT-Advanced requirement - UL: Need to double from Release 8 to satisfy IMT-Advanced requirement
Peak data rate Peak spectrum efficiency [bps/Hz]
Rel. 8 LTE
LTE-Advanced
DL
300 Mbps
1 Gbps
UL
75 Mbps
500 Mbps
DL
15
30
15
UL
3.75
15
6.75
*“100 Mbps for high mobility and 1 Gbps for low mobility
32
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
IMT-Advanced
1 Gbps(*)
Technology Evolution Enables LTE-Advanced More spectrum
Multiband UE and BTS capability
Baseband processing capability Multiple power amplifiers in UE
Carrier aggregation MIMO enhancements
4-8 antennas in UE
CoMP
Multi-antenna BTS site
Heterogeneous networks Optical transport availability
Relays LTE-A
Low cost small BTS
• LTE-Advanced benefits from technology evolution in baseband and RF area, availability of new spectrum and optical fiber transport 33
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE-Advanced: First features standardized in 3GPP Release10 Key Key aspects aspects in in 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10
Carrier Aggregation
…..
Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Carrier n
4x
Coordinated Multipoint
Relaying
• Carrier Bandwidth extension by carrier aggregation • Downlink: Up to 100 MHz bandwidth with 2 Release 8 carriers from different frequency bands • Uplink: Only single band carrier aggregation • New codebook for downlink (DL) 8TX MIMO • Feedback enhancements for DL 2TX/4TX Multiuser MIMO • 2TX/4TX Uplink Single/Multiuser MIMO • Coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP), also known as cooperative system • Receiving transmission from multiple sectors (not necessary visible for UE) • Single Relay Node architecture based on self-backhauling eNB • Simple intercell interference coordination in time domain
Heterogeneous networks
34
• Enhancements for office Femto handovers
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Bandwidth Extension by Carrier Aggregation Key Key aspects aspects in in Carrier Aggregation 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10 ….. Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Carrier n
4x
up to 100 MHz
Flexible component carrier aggregation different frequency bands asymmetric in UL/DL
Component Carrier (LTE rel. 8 Carrier)
Mobility
Coordinated Multipoint
20 MHz
10 MHz
Aggregated BW: 30MHz 20 MHz
300Mbps
Heterogeneous networks
35
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
in JuneAggregated 2009 BW: 5x20MHz = 100MHz
Relaying
300Mbps 300Mbps
300Mbps
1.5Gbps
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
20 MHz
300Mbps
Carrier Aggregation (CA) - High peak data rate of 1 Gbps in downlink and 500 Mbps in uplink can be achieved with bandwidth extension from 20 MHz up to 100 MHz. - Backwards compatibility to Release 8 by combining N Release 8 component carriers to N x LTE bandwidth, for example 5 x 20 MHz = 100 MHz - Old LTE terminals use one carrier, new ones all N Both contiguous and non-contiguous CA is supported offering improved spectrum flexibility (e.g. for refarming).
CA also offers opportunities for autonomous interference management schemes – especially relevant for heterogeneous networks. 36
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL50 LTE 1089
CA capable UE
Carrier 1 Carrier 2
37
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL60 LTE 1332 RL60 embodiment of Carrier Aggregation functionality •
Primary improvements coming with RL60 LTE1332 feature: • Additional cell bandwidth combinations are supported on top of RL50 band combinations: 5 MHz + 15 MHz 5 MHz + 20 MHz 10 MHz + 15 MHz 10 MHz + 20 MHz 15 MHz + 15 MHz 15 MHz + 20 MHz 20 MHz + 20 MHz
band 1 + band 7 band 4 + band 17 band 2 + band 4 band 5 + band 7 band 2 + band 5 band 7 + band 20 band 2 + band 17B and 4 + band 12 band 3 + band 3 band 3 + band 28 band 3 + band 7 band 4 + band 7 band 3 + band 20band 7 + band 7 band 4 + band 4
20 MHz 20 MHz
RL60 extends maximum possible aggregated bandwidth from 20 MHz (RL50 LTE 1089) to 40 MHz
38
RA41202EN60GLA0
• Support for additional band combinations is provided:
2.6 G 1.8 G
Note that RL60 provides also support for certain intra-band carrier aggregation options – this support was not in place in RL50
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Carrier Aggregation (CA) – RL45 LTE 1558
PRIMARY CELL SECONDARY CELL
CA capable UE
Carrier 1 Carrier 2
39
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
MIMO Extension Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10
Carrier Aggregation
…..
Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Carrier n
4x
Coordinated Multipoint
Relaying
Heterogeneous networks
40
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP) Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10
Carrier Aggregation
…..
Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Coordinated Multipoint
Carrier n
4x
Cooperation of antennas of multiple
sectors / sites Interference free by coordinated transmission / reception Highest performance
COOPERATION Relaying
Heterogeneous networks
41
potential
RA41202EN60GLA0
Service Area
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Coordinated Multipoint Transmission (CoMP)- LTE1402 • Receive UEs uplink signal by more than one cell • Intra eNB CoMP: cells involved in reception of the UE belong to the same eNB (cells are colocated) • LTE1402: UL inter-cell intra eNB reception + Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) • UL SINR enhancement allows for increased UL throughput on average and cell edge. Gains depend on load and interference conditions in the network • Macro deployment: 8% average* • Hotspot deployment: 12% average* • In LTE1402 up to 2 cells can be selected for UL reception from so called CoMP sets containing up to 3 cells • Cell selection is performed per TTI based on instantaneous SINR measurements • CoMP reception can only be done for PUSCH. Other UL physical channels are received by serving cell antennas. • Cells involved in LTE1402 CoMP sets can only have 2 RX antennas • In LTE1402 Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) algorithm is used for UL reception • FDD: using 1 cell: LTE979 “IRC for 2 RX paths”; using 2 cells: LTE980 “IRC for 4 RX paths” ** • TDD: using 1cell: LTE936 “UL IRC Receiver”; using 2 cells: Enhanced IRC** • LTE1402 is transparent to UEs. All 3GPP Rel. 8 compliant UEs will benefit from this feature. 42
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Relaying Key Keyaspects aspects in in 3GPP Rel.10 3GPP Rel.10
Carrier Aggregation
…..
Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Carrier n
4x
Fast deployment Coverage with low
Coordinated Multipoint
infrastructure costs
Relaying
Heterogeneous networks
43
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Heterogeneous Network Key Key aspects aspects in in 3GPP 3GPP Rel.10 Rel.10Carrier Aggregation …..
Carrier1 Carrier2
8x
MIMO
Carrier n
4x
Coordinated Multipoint
Relaying
Heterogeneous networks
44
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Heterogeneous Networks – The Combined Benefit of Wide & Local Area Wide Area sites
Medium area sites
Local area
WLAN
Local area
Macro
Share of sites growing • 100 – 300 m • 1–5W
Micro
Medium area sites
Local area
Local area
Local area
WLAN
WLAN
WLAN
WLAN
Benefits of Multi-Layer Deployment • Coverage improvement from local area cells in edge or shadowed regions • Capacity increase from more transmission points in a given area 45
Majority of cell sites today • > 300 m • > 5 W output power
RA41202EN60GLA0
Share will grow in future • 10 – 100 m, • < 500 mW
Pico, Femto
License exempt growing & Secondary services emerging • 10-100 m • < 100 mW
Tradeoffs involved with Multi-Layer • Co-channel deployment needs no additional spectrum but creates interference between the layers and within the same layer >> this interference needs to be controlled for QoS
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Access Points
Why small cells?
46
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Focus on LTE Small Cells
47
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
The evolving role of Small Cells
48
RA41202EN60GLA0
©2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.