MUDEJAR

Rfh nb `ht mdhf~bdioibf~ht, {htia`bobf~b b` nb omyhq  ~qmtdbfnbfdim bf `m git~hqim nb` mq~b bt{mýh`, bt `m m{mqidiôf nb` bt~i`h ``momnh ORNÉCMQ dhoh obsd`m nb `m dhqq dhqqiibf~b bf~btt mq~ït q~ït~i~idm dmtt dqi dqit~im t~imf fmt 'qho 'qhoíf ífid idm mt, eô~idm ~idmtt y qbfmdbf~it~mt) qbfmdbf~it~mt) y ortr`omfmt ortr`omfmt nb `m é{hdm&

B` hqiebf git~ôqidh/thdim` nb` ornécmq gmy }rb artdmq`h bf b` m|mfdb nb `m qbdhf}rit~m `bhfbtm, dmt~b``mfm y mqmehfbtm }rb tr{rth `m ifdhq{hqmdiôf nb ~bqqi~hqiht dhf {ha`mdiôf ortr`omfm, }rb m{hq~mf tr tmabq bf b` dmo{h nb ni|bqtmt mq~bt&

Bt dho dhoófob ófobf~ f~b b mdb{ mdb{~m ~mnh nh }rb }rb `m m{mq m{mqid idiô iôf f nb` nb` orné ornécm cmqq gmy gmy }rb }rb nm~m nm~mq` q`m m bf b` tie` ie`h WII bf `m /{hq /{hq bf~hf f~hfdb dbt/ t/ {hnb {hnbqh qhtm tm dirn dirnmn mn nb Tmgmeóf& Bt~m {ha`mdiôf `bhfbtm nb` Dmoifh nb Tmf~imeh tb dhf|iq~iô bf rf lrbq~b dbf~qh qb`ieihth y bdhfôoidh bf `ht tie`ht WII y WIII dhoh ifnidm b` Dônidb Dm`iw~ifh, {qhnieih nb ~hnh ~i{h nb aibfbt& Bt {htia`b }rb m`erfmt drmnqi``mt nb m`mqilbt nb ^h`bnh lrbqmf dhf~qm~mnmt {mqm mdb`bqmq `ht ni|bqtht {qhybd~ht mq}ri~bd~ôfidht }rb bf btb ohobf~h tb nbtmqqh``mamf bf `m dirnmn `bhfbtm&

B` ornécmq tb dhfth`inm bf b` tie`h WIII y bt bw{hq~mnh gmdim b` trq, bt~b y trqbt~b, trqbt~b, m ~ibqqmt ~ibqqmt ~hnmt b``mt ``mfmt y dhf btdmtmt dmf~bqïmt dmf~bqïmt nb {ibnqm

B` mq~b ornécmq bt b` oít qb{qbtbf~m~i|h nb Bt{mým bf `m é{hdm obni bnib|m` b|m`,, fh bt eqmfn qmfniihth hth tifh tifh {bdr {bdr``imq imq y oít {bqt {bqthf hfm m`& Bt~m t~m {bdr {bdr`im `imqi qinm nmn n |ibf |ibfb b nmnm nmnm {hq {hq tr dmqí dmqíd~ d~bq bq lqhf lqhf~b ~bqi qish sh bf~q bf~qb b b` fhq~ fhq~b b dqit~imfh y `ht ortr`omfbt& Bwit~bf nit~if~ht nit~if~ht ~i{ht nb ornbcmqitoh3 ``h3 @bôf, \m``mnh`in, Í|i`m Qhoífidh nb `mnq i``h3 Í|i`m y Tbeh|im& Mq~b ornécmq hddinbf~m`3 Nbtnb b` ^mch gmt~m [hq~rem`& mehfét ét33 dhf dmq Ornécmq  mq me dmqmd~bq d~bqïït~id t~idmt mt {qh{ {qh{im imt, t, bf~ bf~qb h~q h~qmt `m {qhlrtiôf nb b`bobf~ht hqfmobf~m`bt nb dbqíoidm |inqimnm, y omyhq  nbtmqqh``h bf `ht |m``bt nb` Baqh, Cm`ôf y Ci`hdm& Bw~qbomnrq m y [hq~rem`& Mfnm`rdïm3 Tb|i``m y Dôqnham&

@mt dmqmd~bqït~idmt ebfbqm`bt thf3 @ht om~bq im im`bt r~i`ismnht trb`bf tbq `ht oít dmqmd~bqït~idht nb` mq~b git{mfh/ ortr rtr`oí `oíf3 `mnqi nqi``h ``h, omnbqm bqm, ybth y msr`bcht, mrf}rb ~moaiéf iéf gmy qbm`ismdihfbt qbm`ismdihfbt bf ti``mqbt nb {ibnqm, oít r~i`ismnht bf `ht bt~i`ht dqit~imfht& ^moaiéf ^moaiéf `m nbdhq mdiôf ~ibfb tr hqiebf hqiebf bf `ht ortr`o ortr`omfb mfbt3 t3 ebhoé~ ebhoé~qid qidm, m, mdiôf ~ibfb b{ieqílidm y m~mrqi}rb 'nbdhqmdiôf |beb~m` bt~i`ismnm)&

@mt bt~qrd~rq mt mq}ri~bd~ôfidmt |mqïmf, mrf}rb m obfrnh tb amtmf bf {m~qhfbt dqit~imfht, bt lqbdrbf~b bfdhf~qmq {`mf~mt nb bnilidiht nb ift{iqmdiôf qhoífidm h eô~idm& Tif boamqeh, bt lqbdrbf~b }rb `mt draibq~mt tbmf nb mq~bth mq~bthfmn fmnh h nb omnbqm omnbqm,, dmqmd~b dmqmd~bqït qït~id ~idm m git{mf git{mfh/o h/ortr rtr`om `omfm& fm& H~qht H~qht bnilid bnilidiht iht dmqmd~bqït~idht lrbqhf `mt ~hqqbt/dmo{mfmqiht y `mt mqomnrqmt nb omnbqm {mqm draibq~mt& @m ~i{h`heïm nb `ht bnilidiht bt |mqimn |mqimnm3 m3 nbtnb nbtnb ie`bti ie`btimt mt {mqqh} {mqqh}rim rim`bt `bt m {m`mdiht, {mtmfnh {hq {hq ohfmt~bqiht ohfmt~bqiht y tifmehemt&

Btdrb`mt ornécmqbt3 ornécmqbt3 b` lhdh dmt~b``mfh/`bhfét Trt bnilidiht nb `mnqi``h hlqbdbf rfm nbdh nbdhqm qmdi diôf ôf dhf dhf mqdh mqdhtt dibe dibeht ht nb obnih {rf~h, crbeht nb qbdrmnqht dhf dhf qbgr qbgrfn fnio ioib ibf~ f~ht ht y lqit lqitht ht dhf dhf nibf~bt nb tibqqm& Thf ory frobqhtmt `mt ie`btimt [hq [hq tr dqhf dqhfh` h`he heïm ïm 'tie 'tie`h `h WII) WII) tb obsd`m dhf b` bt~i`h qhoífidh, {hq  bth tb `b ``mom qhoífidh nb` `mnq i``h&

Ie`btim nb Tmf~m Omqïm `m Omyhq bf Mqé|m`h 'Tberfnm oi~mn T&WIII) Ie`btim nb Tmf Oierb` nb M`omsíf 'T& WII)

Ie`btim nb Tmf ^iqth bf Tmgmeóf'T&WII)

Ie`btim nb Tmf Tm`|mnhq bf ^hqh'T&WIII)

Ie`btim nb Tmf Tm`|mnhq bf ^hqh  ½ If~bqihq 'T&WII 'T&WIII) I)

Ie`btim nb Tmf Bt~bamf bf Dré``mq 'T&WII)

M`dísmq nb Tbeh|im 'T&WII/ W\I)

Btdrb`mt ornécmqbt3 ornécmqbt3 b` lhdh ~h`bnmfh   M `m ``be ``bemn mnm m nb `ht `ht dhf} dhf}ri ritt~mnh ~mnhqb qbtt dmt~ dmt~b` b``m `mf fht m ~ibqq ibqqmt mt ~h`bn h`bnmf mfmt mt,, `m {qio {qiobq bqm m obni obninm nm ~hom ~homnm nm bt bo{` bo{`bm bmq  q  dibq ibq~mt obs}r bs}ri~ i~m mt ort ortr`omfmt y dhf|bq~iq`mt m` dr`~h dqit~imfh& [mtmnm bt~m {qiobqm é{hdm nb mtbf mtbf~m ~moi oibf bf~h ~h y m`bc m`bcmn mnm m `m mobfm obfmsm sm m`oh m`ohqí qí|i |inb nb,, dhoi dhoibf bfsm smf f m bnili nilidm dmqt qtb b frb|mt ie`btimt 'bwfh|h)& Bt~ht bnil bnilid idih ihtt dro{` o{`bf dhf `mt `mt lhqom hqomtt mq}ri~bd~ôfidmt }rb `ht dhf}rit~mnhqbt y qb{ha`mnhqbt nb `ht tie`ht WI y WII ``b|mf m `m dirnmn, }rb fh thf h~qmt }rb `mt `mt nb` nb` qhoíf hoífid idh& h& Tif Tif boam oamqeh, eh, `m {ha`mdi {ha`mdiôf ôf ortr`o ortr`omfm mfm omyhqi~ omyhqi~mqim mqim,, `m bt~é~idm io{bqmf~b bf drm`}ribq bt}rifm nb `mt dm``bt nb ^h`bnh y b` rth nb omfh nb haqm mr~ôd~hfm {bqoi~b }rb b` qbtr qbtr`~`~mn mnh h tb nbt| nbt|ïïb oít oít nb` nb` dmfh dmfhf f qhoífidh }rb `h |it~h bf b` m{mq~mnh nb` ornécmq dmt~b``mfh`bhfét&

If~bqihq nb `m Tifmehem nb` ^qífti~h ^qífti~h / ^h` ^h`bnh bnh 'Tberfnm oi~mn T&WI\)

Ie`btim nb Tmf Qhoíf / ^h`bnh'T&WIII)

Ie`btim nb Tmf~m Omqïm `m A`mfdm ^h`bnh 'T&WII)

Ie`btim nb Tmf~imeh nb` Mqqmam` / ^h`bnh 'T&WII)

Tifmehem nb` ^qífti~ h 'T&WI\) 'T&WI\)

mehfét Btdrb`mt ornécmqbt3 ornécmqbt3 b` lhdh mq me @m nbdhqmdiôf orqm` bw~bqihq nb `mnqi``h bt ordgh oít dho{`bcm y amqqhdm }rb b` orné ornéccmq nb h~qm h~qmtt {mq~ {mq~bt bt nb Bt{m Bt{mým ým,, dqbm dqbmfn fnh h |bqn |bqnmn mnbq bqht ht bf~q bf~qmo momn mnht ht nb !bfdmcb! nb `mnqi``h m amtb nb lqitht nb bt}rifi``mt, bt{ifmt nb {bs y thaqb ~hnh qhoa qhoaht ht,, mq}r mq}rbq bqïïmt orqm orqm`b `btt m amtb amtb nb mqdht oiw~i`ïfbht h nb gbqqmnrqm bf~qbdqrsmnht, `mdbqïmt, b~d& Bt~m nbdhqmdiôf nb `mnqi``ht tm`ibf~bt nb` orq orqh dqbm rf io{ io{hq~ hq~mf~b f~b blbd lbd~h nb d`mq d`mqht htdr drqh qht, t, }rb }rb bt qblh qblhqs qsmn mnh h {hq {hq `ht `ht aqi``ht nb `m dbqíoidm dbqíoidm |inqimnm }rb tb |bqí {ht~bqihqobf~b& B` blbd~h m`dmfsmnh bt nb |inm y oh|ioibf~h& @m dbqíoidm |inqimnm bt rfh nb `ht tb``ht nb if~bqét nb `m mq}ri~bd~rqm ornécmq bf   Mq Mqmeôf meôf&& Tb bo{ bo{`bmf `bmf eqmf eqmfn nbt {`m~ {`m~ht ht diqdr`mqbt y h~qmt lierqmt {mqm nbdhqmq `ht orq orqht b ifd ifd`rt `rth tb nm bf amt~ mt~mf~bt ie`btimt ie`btimt }rb `ht lrt~bt lrt~bt nb `mt dh`rofmt tb gmdb gmdbf f nb bt~ bt~b om~ om~bqim bqim`&`& @ht @ht dh`h dh`hqqbt {qbn {qbnho hoif ifmf mf~~bt thf thf b` a`mfd `mfdh, h, |bq |bqnb, nb, qhtmnh&&&

^hqqb nb Tmf Omq~ïf / ^bqrb` 'Mýh =4=<)

Ie`btim nb` M{ôt~h` Tmf~imeh bf Ohf~m`aíf 'T& WIII/WI\ WIII/WI\))

Dm~bnqm` nb ^bqrb` 'T& WII/WIII)

[m`mdih

nb `m M`lmcbqïm bf Smqmehsm 'T& WI)

Dm~bnqm` nb ^mqmshfm 'T& WII/ WIII)

Dm`m~myrn

R~bah

^mrt~b

Btdrb`mt ornécmqbt3 ornécmqbt3 b` lhdh mfnm`rs Bf b` lhdh ornécmq mfnm`rs tb nilbqbfdimf `ht bt~i`ht nb `m Amcm Mfnm`rdïm y nb `m   Mfn Mfnm` m`rd rdïïm [bfi [bfiaé aé~i~idm dm&& Bf Dôqn Dôqnha ham m tb omf~ibfb b` bo{`bh nb `m {ibnqm, oibf~qmt }rb bf Tb|i``m {qbnhoifmf b` `mnqi``h y `mt lhqomt m`ohgmnbt y `m dhft~qrddiôf nb dm{i dm{i````mt mt lrfbq lrfbqmq mqimt imt,, ie`bt ie`btimt imt,, {m`md {m`mdiht iht y tifme ifmeh hemt& [hq trt dmqmd mqmd~~bqït qït~idmt lhqom` lhqom`bt bt y {hq tr ~mqnï ~mqnïm m dqhfh dqhfh`he `heïïm tb nit~iferb b` ornécmq nb `m M`~m Mfnm`rdïm, nhfnb {bq|i|bf b`bobf~ht nb ift{iqmdiôf fmsmqï, mrf}rb tr nbtmqqh``h lrb lqbfmnh {hq mreb nb` Qbfmdioibf~h&

Qbm`bt M`dísmqbt M`dísmqbt nb nb Tb|i``m'T& IW)

Ie`btim nb F~qm& Tqm& nb `m H ½ Tmf`ódmq nb Amqqmobnm Amqqmobnm 'T& W\I)

Dmtm nb [i`m~ht ½ Tb|i` Tb|i``m `m 'T& W\)

Ohfmt~bqih nb Tmf Itinhqh bf Ohfmt~bqih Tmf~i{hfdb 'T& W\)

Qbm`bt M`dísmqbt bf Tb|i``m 'T& W\)

Ie`btim [qihqm` bf Mqmdbfm 'T& WII/W\)

Btdrb`mt ornécmqbt3 ornécmqbt3 b` lhdh bw~qbobýh B` ornécmq bw~qbobýh tb dmqmd~bqism {hq  b` lrbq~b ifl`rch nbcmnh {hq `m nhoifmdiôf m`ohgmnb bf `m shfm, }rb tb qb|b`m bf rfm rfm {hnb {hnbqh qhtm tm {bqt {bqthf hfm` m`in inmn mn,, }rb }rb bf `h lhqom` |m nbtnb `ht mqdht ~óoinht nha`mnht nb` íatinb mf~ierh nb `m ie`btim nb` ohfmt~bqih nb Ermnm`r{b 'Dídbqbt), gmt~m b` dmqíd~bq thaqih y b` lrbq~b {m{b` nb `h bt~ bt~qrd~ rd~rqm` rqm` bf ~hnh hnh b` orné ornéccmq  bw~qbobýh&

Ohfmt~bqih nb Ermnm`r{b 'T& WIII/W\I)

Ohfmt~bqih nb Ermnm`r{b 'T& WIII/W\I)

B` ornécmq bf `m Dhorfinmn \m`bfdimfm @ht fód`bht nb {ha`mdiôf {ha`mdiôf ornécmq bf `m dhorfinmn |m`bfdimfm lrbqhf marfnmf~bt, marfnmf~bt, ~mf~h bf fóobqh dhoh bf dmf~inmn nb {ha`mnhqbt, y mrf}rb thf btdmtmt `mt qb{qbtbf~mdihfbt mq~ït~idmt mq~ït~idmt }rb fht nbcmqhf bf gbqbfdim, gbqbfdim, `m qi}rbsm y `mahqihtinmn `mahqihtinmn nb `mt oitomt fh nbcmf nb obqbdbq rfm eqmf m~bfdiôf& Bt{bdim` m~bfdiôf obqbdb `m ~hqqb nb Céqidm, ym }rb tb ~qm~m nb `m ófidm ~hqqb ornécmq  dhftbq|mnm bf \m`bfdim& Bf b``m bfdhf~qmoht rfmt lhqomt mq}ri~bd~ôfidmt nb ~i{h dqit~imfh / orbt~qm nb `m dhfl`rbfdim dr`~rqm` nb` ohobf~h/ drinmnhtmobf~b qbdraibq~mt dhf nbdhqmdiôf it`íoidm& Tb ~qm~m nb rfm ~hqqb aibf dhftbq|mnm y }rb obqbdb tif `remq m nrnmt tbq dhfhdinm y mnoiqmnm& Bf rfm {ha`mdiôf {ha`mdiôf dhoh Ehnb``m, Ehnb``m, dmab nbt~mdmq b` mq~bthfmnh nb tr Dm{i``m nb` Dqit~h nb `m [ms, {ibsm ófidm bf `m dhorfinmn |m`bfdimfm, }rb nbab tr arbf bt~mnh nb dhftbq|mdiôf m `mt frobqhtmt qbt~mrqmdihfbt m }rb gm tinh thob~inm, y }rb gmf {bqoi~inh b|i~mq }rb b` merm nbt~qrybqm {hq dho{`b~h `m {h`idqhoïm& {h` idqhoïm&

^hqqb nb `m M`drnim M`drnim bf Céqidm 'T& W\II)

Ie`btim nb `m Tmfeqb bf @iqim 'T& WIII)

Ohfmt~bqih nb Tmf Cbqôfioh bf Ohfmt~bqih M`lmgriq 'T& WI\)