1. Give 4 reason reason why we cement cement casing. casing. o Fills and seals the annulus between the casing string Zone isolation and segregation o o Corrosion control, Formation stability and pipe strength improvement o 2. Give Give for formu mula la of of C!. C!.
". Formula Formula of e#ale e#alente nte mud weight. weight.
4. Formula Formula for for increase increase mud mud weight weight with with $arite $arite
%. &hat is is the range range of high, high, 'edium 'edium and and low CC CC value. value. (. )ame the *ve most common types of Clays that we encounter while drilling. drilling. a+ a+ 'ontmorillonite. b+ lite . c+ aolinite . d+ -ttapulgite . . )ame of of the most most reactiv reactive e clay and and his his CC value value/ /
0. &hat are are the parameter parameter dierentiate dierentiate tuc3 ipe. 5f 5f co man says he had had pac3 o which parameter you will loo3 *rst to con*rm type of stuc3.
6. &e had hard bac3reaming on 7! well during trip. 758 is smooth, ne9t trip again have same problem in new hole, old hole is *ne. Co:man says he has pac3o. &hat is the problem and how you will e9plain this to co man. -nswer; this is directional tool issue specially a9eed drill hole li3e spiral that why very hard bac3ream but once bac3ream is done in and out is <. 1=.!riller says $it is balled up. &hich parameter you will see to con*rm if bit is balled up. &hat are the remedies of $it balling/ >ow 7<, 8igh ump ressure, >ow or none tor#ue, formation type 7emedies $its can be cleared is balling is detected early enough and actions ta3en. 7educe &<$ on 7< drop, pic3 bit up o bottom as #uic3ly as possible. 5ncrease ?ow rate if possible. pin bit o bottom with high 7' and high ?ow for % minutes or fan bit o bottom @ 1 ft o bottom, pump hard and rotate bit for % mins. repare to pump pills. 5f uccessfully cleared bit. 7eturn to drilling with very low weight. repare to trip if these actions are not successful and chose more optimum, bit, hydraulics noAAling arrangement. 11.&hat are mean challenges in 7! well for mud engineer/ 8ole clean is very default and long 7! 3eep low C!. 8ole stability, Bery high tor#ue 12. )ame 4 type of corrosion on drill pipe. General itting Crevice tress ulphide tress Crac3ing
Galvanic Concentration Cell rosion Corrosion Corrosion Fatigue ul*de stress 82+, 1".8ow corrosion happen and &hat is the treatment for corrosion/ Corrosion re#uires four components -node tress concentration, crac3s, scratches+ Cathode urface impurities, pipe e9posed to o9ygen+ lectrolyte Fluid+ 9ternal Connection ipe wall+ >i#uid Conducitivity -cid Gases Demperature ressure olids alts $acteria • • • • • • •
• • • •
Dreatment ; Change the environment )eutralise or scavenge the contaminant Form a protective *lm on the pipe Change the metallurgy to a more corrosion:resistant alloy
14.8ow cement is bad for mud. &hat are the remedies/ Contamination of water:based drilling ?uids with cement can produce severe adverse eects, most noticeably a large increase in p8. Calcium concentration may also increase, especially if the cement is Egreen i.e., has not fully set, or if calcium chloride has been added as an accelerator. For water:based muds, treatment of cement contamination should focus on reducing the p8, usually with sodium bicarbonate or citric acid. Cement contamination of oil:based muds is not normally a problem unless the contamination is e9tensive, in which case the treatment is as for water: wet solids
1%.&hat will happen at high and low stress area/ 1(.&hat is the deference between sag and ettling/ )o sure about -nswer 1. &hich e#uipment is use in C!H $iopolymer I-HIC DD/ BG meter or Bisco meter 10.&hat is 7!5F and none damaging and how/ 7!5F is 7eservoir !rill 5n ?uids, non damaging ?uids does not contain any chemicals which damage reservoir.
16.&hat is high progressive gel strengths/ 8ow it is good or bad. Gel strength increases signi*cantly after 1= minute, even if 1= seconds gel is low.
1- increasing pressure in break circulation to break down gel( may break down formation and causes mud losses ) 2- Increasing applied pressure to the formation while running in hole. (Might break down formation causes mud losses) !- "wabbing while pull out of hole. #- $oor cement %obs( as gel are hard to break so that causes channeling of cement) 2=.&hy water is commonly added to <$'/ For Biscosity, reduce cost. 21.!oes osmotic ?ow go from solution s with a greater activity to a lesser activity, or the other way around/ Greater activity to a lesser activity 22.<$' your emulsion is good, enough &etting agent, you see gummy cutting on sha3er what is the reason/ 8ow to cure this/ $rine activity salinity+ less then formation which cause formation water move to cutting. 2".Can shale be reservoir please Jes or )o. 5f yes how can we produce from shale/ Jes by frac3ing it can produce 24.lease write long. -+ -5 $+
2%.&hy we drill pilot hole/
