1
kvacWnI
am∏nfelf c‡km£n I¨sh≥j≥ IΩn‰n {]kn≤oIcWw
2
t]PpIƒ adn°ptºmƒ Ncn{X]camb teJ\߃ 1. B¿.Pn. a÷pwZm¿ 2. tUm. Sn.sI. cho{µ≥ D≤cWnIƒ Km‘nPn, bm°q_v lpssk≥, B\n_k‚ v Awt_ZvI¿, C.Fw.Fkv., sI. am[h≥\mb¿ kn. tKm]me≥\mb¿, sI.]n. tIƒhtat\m≥ k¿.kn. i¶c≥\mb¿, Ipamc\mim≥, SmtKm¿ IØpIƒ 1. IZ\Øns‚ IYIƒ 2. IÆocnepw tNmcbnepw IpXn¿∂ IYIƒ teJ\߃ 1. sI.t If∏≥ 2. kn. \mcmbW]n≈ 3. ]n. ]ctaizc≥ 4. ]n.kn.Fw. cmP IhnXIƒ 1. Hm´wXp≈¬ 2. Zpchÿ
3
BapJambn c≠p hm°v Cu kvac WnI hmb \°m cpsS ap≥]n¬ Ah X cn ∏n °p hm≥, am∏n f elf c‡ km£n I¨sh≥j≥ IΩn‰n°v AXnbmb kt¥mjap≠v. Rßfm{Kln®{X ka{Khpw kamI¿jIhpamb coXnbn¬ CXp ]pdØnd°m≥ Ign™n´n √. F∂m¬, Hcp ImcyØn¬ R߃°p kwXr]vXb n p≠v. G‰hpw B[nImcnIambn Cuhnjb sØ°pdn®v FgpXnbn´p≈hcpw FgpXm≥ Ignbp∂hcpambn, Pohn®ncn°p∂hcpwacn®pt]mb hcpamb G‰hpa[nIw BfpIfpsS kw`mh\Iƒ CXn¬ Dƒs°m≈n°p∂Xn¬ R߃ Ipsd tbsd hnPbn®n´p≠v. AXpw th≠{Xbmbn F∂p R߃°`n{]mban√. kabhpw kmhIm ihpw Ipd®pIqSn In´nbncps∂¶n¬, C\nbpw Ipsd°qSn hkvXpXIƒ Dƒs°m≈n°mambncp ∂p; Iem]cambn CXntesd tamSn]nSn∏n°pIbpw sNømambncp∂p.F∂m¬, ]cnanXamb ka bØn\p≈n¬, Aev]w sXc°p]nSn®pXs∂ CsX√mw sNtø≠nh∂p. AXpaqeap≈ A]mIX Ifpw A`wKnIfpw A]cym]vXXIfpsa√manXn\p≠v. Ahbv°v apgph≥ DØchmZnXzhptas‰Sp ØpsIm≠v, £am]WklnXw, Cu kvacWnI RßfhXcn∏n°pIbmWv. Cu kvacWnI ]pdØnd°p∂Xn¬ R߃°p≈ Dt±iyw H∂mWv. Ncn{XhkvXpXIƒ shfn®Øp sIm≠phcWw. Ncn{XØns‚ t]cn¬ C∂p \S°p∂ hmkvXhhncp≤amb s]mfn
s®gpØpIfpw sh≈]qiepIfpw AhbpsS X\n\ndØn¬ s]mXpP\߃°p hy‡am°Ww. Ncn{Xw sI´pIYbmbnt∏mImsX, Ncn{XambnØs∂ \ne\n¿ØWw. AXn\mhiyamb km[\ kma{KnIƒ AhXcn∏n°pIbmWv ChnsS RßfpsS e£yw. am∏nfelf \S∂n´v Ac\q‰m≠ne[nIambn; B elfbpsS ZpxkzmZv hmbneqdn\nev°p∂ hcpsS Xeapd Xosc A‰pIgn™n´n√. Ah¿ Pohn®ncns°, AhcpsS a\nt\‰ BLmX tØmsSm∏w, DSent\‰ £Xßfpw am™pt]mImsX \nevs°, AhcpsS {]Xy£m\p`hßsf ]msS AhKWn®psIm≠v, Ncn{Xw hfs®mSn°p∂Xv sX‰mWv; ]m]amWv. Ah¿ \nlmbcp w \ncm{ibcpambncn°mw; IcpØp‰ Ic߃ Ahsc Db¿Øn∏nSn°mdn√mbncn°mw; NmfIfnepw sN‰°pSnepIfnepw, lX`mKycmb Ah¿ XßfpsS \nanjßsfÆn°gnbpIbmbncn°mw; el fbn¬ A—\Ωam¿ \jvSs∏´h¿; hn[hIfmbnØo¿∂ h¿; hoSp sIm≈nhbv°s∏´h¿, A` bm¿∞nI fmbn, Pohn Xk¿∆kzw \jvSs∏ ´h¿; _mem¬°mc ambn aXw am‰ s∏´h¿˛ AØc °msc∏‰n Cu Ac\q‰m≠n\nSbv°[nIamcpw Nn¥n®n´n√; AhcpsS thm´pIƒ kwLSnXa√m ØXpsIm≠mbncn°mw Iq´mbn hnet]im≥ t]mbn´v \nh¿∂p\n∂p kwkmcn°m≥t]mepw Ign hn√mØ, amIhn`mKØns‚ \mhmbn´mWv Cu R߃ kvacWnIsb R߃ ImWp∂Xv ImcWw, . AhtcmSv Cu ]hn{Xamb Hcp ISa R߃°ps≠∂p IcpXp∂p. C∂Xp \n¿hln°s∏Sp ∂ns√¶n¬, Ft∂°pambn AXp \n¿hln°s∏SmsX InS°pw. ImcWw, Ct∏mƒØs∂ ipjv In ®pIgn™n´p≈ B Xeapd Aev]\mƒ°p≈n¬ Xosc \mamhtijamIpw. AhcpsS i_vZw Xosc \ne®pt]mIpw. B XeapdbpsS i_vZhpw Nn{Xhpw tcJs∏SpØnhbv°m≥ Ignbp∂ Ahkm\kµ¿`w CXmWv. \msfbmbm¬ Xosc sshInt∏mIpw. ]ns∂ \ap°v, hcpwXeapd bv°v, tIƒ°m\nShcnI, Ncn{XØns‚ t]cn¬ sI´n®abv°s∏´ tkmt±iyamb sI´pIYI fpsS I]Si_vZw am{Xambncn°pw. AX\phZn®pIqS. AXn\p≈ Hscfnb kwcw`amWv Cu kvacWnI. elfbpsS Xobn¬ Icn™h¿, tNmcbn¬Ipfn®h¿, elf°mcpsS aX{`m¥n\pw amwkZm lØn\pw Ccbmbh¿ AhchcpsS A\p`h߃ hnhcn®psIm≠p R߃s°gpXnb IØpI fpsS {]k‡`mK߃ R߃ CXn¬ tN¿Øn´p≠v. `mj \∂m°mt\m tamSn]nSn∏n°mt\m R߃ Xp\n™n´n√. ]Tn∏n√mØhcmbncn°mw AXn¬ ]ecpw; AhcpsS `mjbpw ssienbpw A]cnjv IrXamImw; AXn\v AtX]Sn A\p`hØns‚ i‡nbmb aWap≠v ; Bflm¿∞XbpsS hy‡amb KpWap≠v.]t£ Ah, R߃ tN¿Øn´p≠v . Ahcn¬ GXm\pw NnecpsS t^mt´m Ifpw R߃ sImSp°m≥ {ian®n´p≠v. Ah¿ Gdnb Iqdpw, c≠pt]scmgnsI, C∂pw Pohn®ncn
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°p∂hcmWv. Ah¿ A[nIhpw Iqenthe°mcmWv; ]mhs∏´hcmWv; lcnP\ßfmWv˛ CØc °mcpsS taemWv elf°mcpsS hmƒ hoWXv. F∂n´pw AhImis∏SpIbmWv, kzmX{¥yka camsW∂v! I¿jIelfbmsW∂v! A\ntj[yNcn{X]Wv UnX∑mcpsS teJ\߃ R߃ CXn¬ tN¿Øn´p≠v . B¿.kn. a÷p ZmdpsS teJ\w FSpØp]dtb≠XmWv. hn{ipXNcn{XImc\mb At±lw elfbpsS ImcW ßsf hkvXp\njvTambn hnebncpØn´p≠v. am∏nfelf I¿jIelfbmbncp∂psh∂ {]NcWØns‚ s]m≈Øcw XnI®pw ]pdØp sIm≠phcp∂ H∂mWv tIcfk¿hIemimem Ncn{Xhn`mKw tae≤y£\mb tUm. Sn.sI. cho {µs‚ I\s∏´ teJ\w. AXvkzmX{¥ykacambncp∂psh∂ {]kv XmhØns‚ ASnØd am¥p∂ B[nImcnIhkvXpXIsf AWn\ncØp∂p≠v kz¥w teJ\Øn¬ ]n. ]ctaizc≥, Hc\p`h km£nbpsS lrZbØpSn∏pIfmWv tIf∏PnbpsS teJ\ØnepS\ofw tIƒ°p∂Xv. sIm≈ °msc tZim`nam\nIfm°n sh≈]qin, Ah¿°v ]mcntXmjnIw \evIp∂Xnep≈ Aa¿jw kn. \mcmbW]n≈bpsS IcpØp‰ ssienbn¬ ] { ISambn°mWmw. almIhn Ipamc\mim≥ am∏nfelfbpsS ]›mØesagpXnb Zpchÿbnse {]k‡`m K߃ CXn¬ \evInbn´p≠v. IhnbpsS t\sc, aX_v{`m¥ns‚ AklnjvWpX At∂ ]Shmfp b¿Øn `ojWnapg°n. ]t£, Ihn Dd®p\n∂p; hniZoIcWw \ev In˛ AsX√mw, GSpIfn¬\n∂ AtX]Sn FSpØp R߃ tN¿Øn´p≠v, `mjyhpw hymJym\hpw H∂pwIqSmsXXs∂. bm°q_v lpssks‚bpw sI.]n. tIihtat\ms‚bpw F√mw IØpIƒ, C∂p ]ecpw \ntj [n°m≥ shºp∂ Ncn{XbmYm¿∞y߃ kv]jvSambn {]Imin∏n°p∂ ssIhnf°pIfmWv. {ioam≥ sI. am[h≥\mbcpsS ae_m¿ Iem]Øn¬\n∂v R߃ [mcmfw D≤cW߃ FSpØn´p≠v. AhbpsS B[nImcnIkz`mhamWv AXn\p ImcWw. BZym hkm \w, el fbp ambn t\cn´p _‘s∏´ Hcp t\Xmhpw A\p`hÿ\pw teJI\psa∂ \nebn¬, A\ntj[yam WhbpsS {]amWaqeyw F∂Xp \nkvX¿°amWt√m. kzbwhmNmeamb hkvXpXIfmIsIm≠v kvacWnIbpsS D≈S°sØ∏‰n hfscsbm∂pw ChnsS {]Xn]mZnt°≠Xn√˛ H∂p am{Xw ChnsS ]dbmw. AtcmNIßfpw AkpJIcßfp amb ]e kwKXnIfpw R߃°nhnsS tcJs∏SptØ≠nh∂n´p≠v. BcpsSbpw hnImcßsf AWpsh¶nepw {hWs∏SpØWsa∂vRßfmcpw B{Kln®n´n√. hmkv XhØn¬, CuhI kw` hßsf√mw Xs∂, A]am\t_m[tØmsS Ncn{XØns‚ Nh‰psIm´bn¬ hens®dn™v, \mw Hcp ]pXnb PohnXw Bcw`nt°≠Xmbncp∂p. ]t£, \n¿`mKysa∂p ]dbs´, Cu ASpØIm ekw`h߃ t\sc adn®mWv \oßnbXv. kwLS\m_ewsIm≠v A[nImcw ]nSn®p]‰m≥ Ign ™h¿, Ncn{Xw am‰nadn°m\pw aX{`m¥ns‚ _en]oTØn¬ c‡km£nIfmbnØo¿∂hcpsS kvacWsbt∏mepw Ahtlfn®psIm≠v A{IanIƒ°v]´pw hfbpw sImSpØp _lpam\n°m\pw XpSßnbt∏mƒ, adp`mKw hy‡am°m≥th≠n Nne \·kXy߃ Xpd∂p]dtb≠nh ∂p. ]t£, AXnsemc£cwt]mepw RßfpsS kz¥a√. Ah Hmtcm∂pw Ncn{XØns‚ GSpIfn¬ `{Z ambn tcJs∏SpØnbXpw \njv]£aXnIfmb Ncn{XImc∑mcpsS XqenIbneqsS ]pdØph∂h bpamWv. Ahbv°v, RßfmtcmSpw £am]Ww sNtø≠Xn√. Ahkm\n°p∂Xn\pap≥]v Hcp ISa R߃°p sNøm\p≠v. CXn¬ Pohn®ncn°p∂ \nc h[n A\p`hkm£nIfptSXmb IØpIƒ R߃ sImSpØn´p≠v. AhcpsS t]cpw ta¬hnem khpw Hgnhm°nbn´n√; ]ecpsSbpw t^mt´mIƒ tN¿Øn´p≠v . Chcn¬ ]ecpw AhcpsS `bmi ¶Iƒ hy‡ am°n bncp ∂p. Ac\q‰m≠v ]g°ap≈ Hm¿Ω Iƒ C∂pw Ahsc Akzÿcm°p ∂p≠v. kzX{¥`mcXØnse kzX{¥]uc∑mcmWv Xßsf∂ t_m[w Ah¿°n∂pw ssIh∂p Ign™n´n√. HcpXcw ]c X{¥ XbpsS \ng enem Wh cn∂pw Pohn °p∂Xv. XßfpsS t]cpIƒ shfns∏SpØnbmse¥p kw`hn°psa∂ `bw Ah¿°p≠v. ]t£, kapZmbØns‚ a\m£n PmKcqIcmsW∂ hnizmktØmsS, Aklnjv WpXbpsS AXnXo{hX, hnthIØns‚ ap≥]n¬ Xe Ip\n °mXn cn°p Ibn s√∂ {]Xo £tbm sS, A] Xvi¶Isfm∂pw IqSmsX, R߃ Ah
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ChnsS AtX]Sn tN¿°pIbmWv,Ncn{XtØmSv, hkvXpÿnXnItfmSp \oXn]pe¿Øm≥th≠n. Rßsfm´pw AhnthIw Im´nbn´ns√∂vNcn{Xw hn[nsbgpXpsa∂v Dd∏mbn hnizkn°p∂p. a\m£nsb sR´n∏n°p∂ Hcp A\oXnbpsS t\¿°p hnc¬Nq≠ns°m≠v , R߃ AXn hnsS Ahkm\n∏n°mw. sIm∂h¿°v k¿°m¿XeØn¬ ]mcntXmjnIw e`n°ptºmƒ, {]Xnamkw s]≥j\pw Xm{a ]{Xhpw e`n°ptºmƒ, Ah¿ {]Xm]nIfpw ]W°mcpambn amdptºmƒ, sIm√s∏´hcpsS lX `mKycmb ]n∑pd°m¿ AsX√mw I≠psIm≠v, AbeØp≈ sIm®p]pcbn¬ Pohn®psIm≠p acn°p∂p. CsX¥p \oXn? Ah¿ kzbw tNmZn®pt]mIp∂p. kzmX{¥ykacØn¬ ]s¶SpØh cmsW∂ t]cnemWs{X s]≥j≥ sImSp°p∂Xv. sImSp°p∂h¿ ]dbp∂XmWXv. hmßp∂ h¿ hnizkn°p∂Xv adn®mWv. {_n´ojv `cWØns\Xncmbn s]mcpXnbXn\√, Ab¬h°sØ lnµphns\ sIm∂Xn\mWv s]≥j≥ F∂mWhcn¬ ]ecpw hnizkn°p∂Xv! A`nam\n°p∂ Xv! ""Rm\mWv \ºois\ sIm∂Xv. F\n°n\nbpw s]≥j≥ In´nbn´n√. ChnSp∂v AsXm∂p icn bm°n ØcWw.'' {ioam≥ sI. ]n.tIihtat\ms\ kao]n®v, elfbn¬ ]s¶SpØ Hcmƒ ]d™ hm°pIfmWv! s]≥j≥ hmßp∂h¿kzmX{¥ykacØn¬ ]s¶SpØhcmsW∂ [mc Wbn¬. AtXkabw bYm¿∞ c‡km£nIƒ AhKWn°s∏Sp∂p; Ahtlfn°s∏Sp∂p. Cu h©\ XpSctWm? IΩn‰n
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am∏neelf ˛ Jnem^Øv {]t£m`Øns‚ A\¥c^ew am∏nfam¿, ]Øpe£tØmfw P\kwJybp≈ HcpIq´w ap…ow atXm∑ØcmIp∂p. `qcn`mKw Zcn{Zcpw hnZymlo\cpw, {InkvXzm_vZw F´pw H≥]Xpw \q‰m≠pIfn¬ ae_m¿ IS¬ØocØv Xmakapd∏n®hcpamWv. A[nIhpw C¥y≥kv{XoIsf hnhmlwIgn® Ad_nIfpsS k¥m\ ßfmWv. ae_mdn¬ Ch¿ Xmakn®ph∂Xv GItZiw Ccp]Xpe£w lnµp°fpsS CSbnem Wv. aX{`m¥n\v ASnas∏´v A{Ia߃ sNøp∂Xn¬ Akqbm hl a√mØ Ip{]kn≤n Ah¿ t\Sn°gn™n´p≠mbncp∂p. {_n´ojv `cWImeØv Gsd°psdA{][m\ßfmb ap∏Ønb©p Iem]߃°v Ah¿ DØchmZnIfmbn. F∂m¬ 1921 BKÃvamkØn¬ \S∂ elfbmbncp∂p G‰hpw `b¶cw. AXns\∏‰nbp≈ HutZymKnIhnhcWw Xmsg D≤cn°p∂p. 1921se BZyamkßfn¬ {]t£m`w ]≈nbn¬\n∂p ]≈nbnte°pw {KmaØn¬\n∂p {Kma Ønte°pw AXnio{LØn¬ hym]n®p. Aen ktlmZc∑mcpsS {]£p_v[{]kwK߃, \n lIcWhmZw {]Ncn∏n® ]{XßfpsS kzcmPyw Bk∂ambn F∂ {]NcWwJnem^Øv alm k` PqsseamkØn¬ AwKoIcn® {]tab߃, ChbpsSsb√mw H´msIbp≈ ^ew {]ÿm \sØ D÷zen∏n°pIbmbncp∂p. Pqsse, BKÃvamkßfn¬ \SØnb AkwJyw Jnem^Øv tbmKßfn¬ Idm®n almtbmKØns‚ {]tab߃BthitØmsS Bh¿Øn°s∏´p. IØn, hmƒ, Ip¥w apXemb Bbp[߃ clkyambn \n¿Ωn°s∏´p. F¥pw sNøphm≥ k∂≤cmb kmlknIcpsS hyql߃ kwLSn∏n°s∏´p. C…manIcmjv{SØns‚ BKa\w {]Jym]n°p hm≥ F√m G¿∏mSpIfpw sNbvXp. BKÃv 20˛mw XobXn XncqcßmSnbn¬ Bbp[߃ tiJcn ®ph®ncp∂ Nne t\Xm°∑msc t]meokns‚bpw ]´mfØns‚bpw klmbtØmSpIqSn XShn¬ ]nSn°phm≥ ae_m¿Pn√m aPnkvt{S´v {ian®t∏mƒ Hcp D{Kamb t]mcm´w \S∂p. CtXmSpIqSn B {]tZisØ√mbnShpw elf s]s´∂p s]m´n∏pds∏´p. tdmUphgn KXmKXw XSs∏SpØn, sSet^m¨ IºnIƒ apdn®p; ]e ÿeßfnepw Xoh≠n sdbnepIƒ \o°wsNbvXp. Iem]w hSt°m´p hym]n°mXncn°phm≥ th≠ G¿∏mSpIƒ sNtø≠Xn\p Pn√m aPnkvt{S´v tImgn t°mt´°p aSßn. Aßnßmbn H‰Xncn™p\n∂ Nne B∏okpIfpw s]meokvtÃj\pIfpw am{Xambncp∂p `cWb{¥Øns‚ AhinjvSßfmbp≠mbncp∂Xv. Chsb elf°m¿ ]n∂oSv Hs∂m ∂mbn ssIh is∏SpØn. elf _m[n® {]tZißfn¬\n∂p c£s∏Sm≥ km[n°mXn cp∂ bqtdm]y∑m¿˛ `mKyhim¬ Ah¿ hfsc Ipd®pt]¿ am{Xta D≠mbncp ∂p≈q˛ arKob amb {IqcXtbmsS sImesNøs∏´p. `cWw kv Xw`n°s∏´ DSs\ kzcmPyw ÿm]n°s∏´p F∂v am∏nfam¿ DZvtLmjn®p. Benapkenbm¿ F∂ Hcmƒ cmPmhmbn {]Jym]n°s∏´p. Gd\mSpw h≈ph\mSpw Cu cmPyØn¬ Dƒs∏´ hn`mKßfmbncp∂p. Jnem^Øv Nn”w Cu cmPyØns‚ sImSn°qdbmbn AwKoIcn°s∏´p. am∏nfamcpsS AXn{Iqcamb cu{Zw apJyambnklnt°≠n h∂Xv Kh¨sa‚√, P\kwJybn¬ `qcn]£ambncp∂ \n¿`mKyhm∑mcmb lnµp°fmbncp∂p˛ Iq´ s°me, \n¿_ ‘a Xwam‰w, t£{Xßsf Aip≤am°¬, kv{XoIsf \nµyambn am\`wK s∏SpØe, Krlßfn¬ \SØnb sIm≈, Xohbv∏v, \ioIcWw˛ Npcp°n∏dbpIbmsW¶n¬ arKobhpw A]cnanXhpamb IncmXXzØns‚ {IqcX apgph≥ A\nb{¥nXambn AhcpsS ta¬ Agn®phn´p. hnkvXo¿Æhpw t]m°phchn\p hf sc kuIcyan√mØXpamb Cu {]tZiØv ]´mfw h∂p kam[m\w ]p\xÿm]n°p∂Xphsc Cu `b¶cmhÿ XpS¿∂p. am∏nft\Xm°∑mcpsS IW°p{]Imcw elf°mcpsS CSbn¬ c‡km£n ]Zw e`n®h cpsS kwJy 1000 BIp∂p. elf Aa¿Øp∂ AhkcØn¬ {_n´ojp]´mfw ]≈nIƒ If¶ s∏SpØnsb∂pw thsd kmlkIrXy߃ \SØnsb∂pw Ah¿°vBt£]ap≠v. am∏nfIem
7
]Ønse {][m\ kw`h߃, hntijn®v A\h[n lnµp°fpsSta¬ \SØnb `bm\Iamb t{Zml߃, ta¬ D≤cn® Kh¨sa‚ v, {]kvXmh\bn¬ hnhcn® {]ImcwXs∂ hmkvXhØn¬ \S∂XmsW∂v, Kh¨sa‚ns‚ `mKw tN¿∂psh∂p kwibn°m≥ \nhrØnbn√mØ ]ecpw ÿncoIcn®n´p≠v. CXn\p sXfnhmbn Cu hnjbsØ kw_‘n°p∂ HcpIq´w tcJIfn¬\n∂p NneXp am{Xw D≤cn®m¬ aXnbmIpw. 1. tIcf kwÿm\ tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n sk{I´dn, tImgn t°mSv Pn√m tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n sk{I´dn, Gd\mSv Jnem^Øv IΩn‰n sk{I´dn, {io. sI.]n tKm]metat\m≥ F∂nh¿ H∏n´v {]kn≤wsNbvX Hcp {]kvXmh\bn¬ am∏nfam¿ sNbvX Xmsg°mWn°p∂ A{Iaßsf ]cm a¿in°p∂p. {]tIm]\ImcWsam∂pan√msX tIhew A\mhiyambn lnµp°sf ssItb‰w sNbvXXv; Gd\m´nepw h≈ph\mSv , s]m∂m\n, tImgnt°mSv F∂o Xmep°pIfnse Nne `mKß fnepw lnµp°fpsS hoSpIƒ GXm≠v \nt»jw sIm≈bSn®Xv; elfbpsS Bcw`Øn¬ Nne ÿeßfn¬ lnµp°sf \n¿_‘ambn aXwam‰nbXpw ]n∂oSv kz¥w hoSpIƒhn´v HmSnt∏m ImØ lnµp°sf Iq´tØmsS aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNbv XXpw; \ncp]{ZhnIfmb lnµp°sf˛ ]pcp j∑mscbpw kv{XoIsfbpw Ip´nIsfbpw˛ Ah¿ Im^n¿amcmsW∂ A]cm[Øm¬ am{Xtam, X߃amsc A]am\n°pItbm, ]≈nIfn¬ {]thin°pItbm sNbvX s]meokpImcpsS PmXn bn¬s∏´hcmsW∂ ImcWØmtem arKobambn sImesNbvXXv; lnµpt£{Xßsf aen\am °pIbpw A·n°ncbm°pIbpw sNbvXXv; lnµpkv{XoIsf am\`wKs∏SpØnbXpw aXwam‰w sNbvXv am∏nfamsc IeymWwIgn°phm≥ \n¿_‘n®Xpw ({]kvXmh\bpsS ]q¿Æcq]w as‰m cnSØpsImSpØn´p≠v). Cu {]kvXmh\bn¬ C{Xbpw IqsS ]dbp∂p: Cu IjvS∏m SpI sfsb√mw AXn Pohn® Nne A\p`hÿcpsS samgn R߃ tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. ta¬ {]kvXmhn® ITn\IrXyß fpsS bmYm¿Yyw Cu tcJIƒ kwibmXoXambn sXfnbn°p∂p. 2. ae_mdnse kv{XoIƒ sdUnßv {]`znIv ka¿∏n® Hcp \nthZ\Øn¬ C{]Imcw ]dbp∂p: c‡kz`mhnIfmb elf°m¿ \SØnb tLmcIrXyßsfbpw _o`’{]hrØnIsfbpwIpdn®p Xm¶ƒ°p ]q¿Æhnhc߃ Hcp ]t£ e`n®n´p≠mbncn°pIbn√. ]q¿∆nIcpsS aXw ]cnXyPn °phm≥ hnkΩXn® RßfpsS t{]a]m{X ßfmb D‰_‘p°sf AwK`wKs∏SpØn A¿≤ {]mWcm°n X≈nhn´p \nd® At\Iw InWdpIsfbpw Ipfßsfbpw Ipdn®pw; sh´napdn®v˛ Nne t∏mƒ sImØn®X® ihØns‚ K¿`]m{XØn¬\n∂p X≈n\nev°p∂ P\n®n´n√mØ inip° tfmSpIqSn tdmUcnInepw Ip‰n°mSpIfnepw Ct´®pt]mb K¿`nWnIsf°pdn®pw; RßfpsS ssIbn¬\n∂p ]nSn®p]dns®SpØp RßfpsS I¨ap≥]n¬h®p sIm√s∏´ \n¿tZmjnIfpw Ai cWcpamb Ip´nIsf°pdn®pw; t`ZywsNbvXp tXmepcn®p Poht\msS Xobnen´p Np´ `¿Øm° ∑mscbpw ]nXm°∑mscbpw Ipdn®pw; _‘pP\ßfpsS CSbn¬\n∂p _em¬°mtcW ]nSn® psIm≠pt]mbn Cu \n¿Zbcmb ]nimNp°fpsS \nµyhpw arKobhpamb k¶ev]Øn¬ Duly amb F√mXcw If¶Øn\pw am\`wKØn\pw Iogvs∏SpØnb RßfpsS ktlmZcnamsc°pdn ®pw; Ie¿∏n√mØ Im´mfkz`mhhpw \ioIcWhmk\bpw am{Xw tlXphmbn Nmº¬°qºmc ßfmbn am‰s∏´ Bbnc°W°nep≈ RßfpsS ]pcbnSßsf°pdn®pw; If¶s∏SpØn \in ∏n® RßfpsS t£{Xßsf°pdn®pw; ]pjv]ameIƒsIm≠v Ae¶cn°s∏´ncp∂ Cuizchn {Kl߃ ]ip°fpsS IpS¬ame AWnbn®vA]am\n°pItbm ASn®pXI¿°pItbm sNbvX Xns\°pdn®pw Adn™n´p≠mbncn°pIbn√.... RßfpsS P∑ÿeßfmb {Kmaßfn¬\n∂v B´n tbmSn®t∏mƒ Ip∂pwImSpw \nd™ ae{ºtZißfn¬ \·X adbv°phm≥ DSpXpWnbn√msX ]´nWnInS∂v Ae™p\S∂Xp R߃ Hm¿an°p∂p. (a¿Ωt`ZIamb ZpcnXm\p`hßfpsS hnhcWØn¬\n∂v Hcp `mKw am{XamWv ChnsS D≤cn® Xv) 3. kmaqXncncmPmhns‚ A[y£Xbn¬ tImgnt°m´p h®p \SØnb tbmKw AwKoIcn® Bdmw {]tabw; elf°m¿ sNbvX Xmsg∏dbp∂ Xcw ZpjvI¿Ωßsf hnkvacn°pItbm eLq Icn
8
°pItbm sNøphm≥ ]e ÿeßfnepw Xev]cI£nIƒ \SØnbn´p≈ ]cn{iaßsf Cu tbmKw Ah⁄tbmSpw tJZtØmSpwho£n°p∂p. 1. kv{XoIsf arKobambn am\`wKs∏SpØpI. 2. P\ßsf Poht\msS tXmepcn°pI. 3. 4. 5.
]pcpj∑scbpw kv{XoIsfbpw Ip´nIsfbpw Iq´s°me sNøpI. IpSpw_ßsf \nt»jw Np´pIcn°pI Bbnc °W°n¬ BfpIsf \n¿_‘ aXwam‰w sNøn°pIbpw AXn\p hgßmØhsc sIm√pIbpw sNøpI. 6. (t`Zyw sNbvX)v A¿≤{]mWcm°nb P\ßsf InW‰nte°p X≈nbnSpIbpw acn°p∂Xp hsc aWn°qdpItfmfw c£{]m]n°phm≥ hrYm {iaw \SØn°pIbpw sNøpI. (Cu {]tabØn¬ hoSpIƒ sIm≈sNbvXXpw t£{X߃ If¶s∏SpØnbXpw kw_ ‘n® C\߃ tase D≤cn® kv{XoIfpsS \nthZ\Øn¬Dƒs∏SpØnbh Xs∂bmbXn\m¬ ChnsS Bh¿Øn°p∂n√.) 4. 1921 sk]vXw_¿ 7\pw 1921 Unkw_¿ 6\pw tImgnt°m´p\n∂b® Hmtcm teJ\߃ (H∂v ssSwkv H^v C≥Uy Zn\]{XØnepw at‰Xv\yq C≥Uy Zn\]{XØnepamWv {]kn≤oIcn°s∏ ´Xv) kv{XoIfpsS t\sc \SØnb _o`’amb A{Iaßsf hnkvXcn®p hnhcn°p∂p. Ahsb k`yX ap≥\n¿Øn ChnsS tN¿°p∂n√. 5. Poht\msS tXm¬ Dcn°s∏´ NnecpsSbpw sImesNøs∏Sp∂Xn\pap≥]v kz¥w ih°pgn tXm≠m≥ \n¿_‘n°s∏´ NnecpsSbpw Imcyw i¶c≥\mb¿ ]cma¿in®n´p≠v. Cu IYIƒ tIm¨{Kkv t\Xm°∑m¿ BZyw hnizkn®n√. ]t£ iX°W°n¬ tImgn t°mSv icWw {]m]n]®ncp∂ lnµp A`bm¿∞nIƒ atXm∑ØX tlXphmbn \S∂ IncmtXm NnXamb {IqcIrXyßsf ÿncoIcn®t∏mƒ F¥ph∂mepw lnµpap…ow sFIysØ∏‰nbp≈ \ho\mib߃ ssIhnScpsX∂ {hXØm¬ A‘cmbnØocmØ lnµp°fpsS CSbn¬ Cu kw`hßfpsS tLmcXsb∏‰n icnbmb A`n{]mbw hym]n®p. F∂m¬ Km‘n Cuizcs\ am{Xw `bs∏Sp∂ [occmb am∏nfam¿, Ah¿ icnbmsW∂p IcpXp∂ aXØn\pth≠n, Ah¿ [m¿an IamsW∂p IcpXp∂ coXnbn¬ t]mcmSp∂hcmsW∂p {]kvXmhn®p. ]ns∂ aXØn\pth≠n [ocambn t]mcmSnb am∏nfamsc Jnem^Øv t\Xm°∑m¿ A`n\µn®Xn¬ AZv`pXs∏tS≠Xn √t√m. am∏nfamcpsS CSbn¬ kam[m\w ]p\xÿm]n°Wsa∂ Dt±iytØmSpIqSn elf \S∂ {]tZißfn¬ {]thin°phm≥ tIm¨{Kknsebpw Jnem^Øv kwLS\bnsebpw AwK߃ A\phmZØn\vAt]£n®p. CXp \evIs∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£ X߃°vbmsXm∂pw sNøp hm≥ km≤yas√∂p kΩXn®psIm≠vAh¿ thKØn¬ Xncns®Øn. kXymhÿ ad®phbv °m≥ \nhrØnbn√msXbmbn. hmkvXhÿnXnbpsS _o`’cq]w \·ambn shfns∏´t∏mƒ ]eXcw hniZoIcWßfpw {]XymLmXßfpw Kh¨sa‚ns‚ sNbvXnIsf∏‰n Ip‰mtcm]Wßfpw sIm≠p lnµp°sf kam[m\n∏n°phm≥ Km‘n {ian®p. AlΩZm_mZn¬ tN¿∂tIm¨{Kkv tbmKw AwKoIcn®tXmsS D≤cn® {]tabØn¬ Chkwt£]n®ncn°p∂p. \nlIcW{]ÿm\hpw Jnem^Øv {]t£m`Whpw am∏nfelfbv °p ImcWambncp∂n s√∂v Cu tbmKw kpZrVambn A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. {]tXyIn®v, elfbv°v Bdpamkwap≥]pap X¬°v Cu {]ÿm\ßfnse {]mkwKnI∑m¿°v elf_m[n® {]tZißfnt e°v Pn√m DtZymK ÿ∑m¿ {]thi\w \ntj[n® \nebv°v, Cu c≠p {]ÿm\ßfpambn bmsXmcp _‘hpan √mØ ImcWßfnemWp elfbp≠mbXv. Alnwkmktµiw B {]tZiØp {]Ncn°phm≥ A\phZn®n´p≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ elf D≠mIpambncp∂n√. F∂ncn°nepw Nne am∏nfam¿ \S Ønb \n¿_‘aXwam‰w, sIme, kzØp \ioIcWw apXemb IrXyßfn¬ tIm¨{Kkv ]cn X]n°p∂p. aZncmin Kh¨sa‚v auem\m bm°q_v lpssks‚bpw thsd \nlIcWhmZnI fpsSbpw klmbw Ah¿ Bhiys∏´ {]Imcw kzoIcn°pIbpw almflm Km‘nsb ae _mdn te°p t]mIphm≥ A\ph Zn °pIbpw sNbvXn cp∂p sh¶n¬ elf C{X Zo¿Ln∏n°msX Ign
9
°mambncp∂p. am∏nfXShpIm¿ izmkwap´n acWaS™ kw`hw ImWn°p∂Xv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ s]cpam‰w B[p\nIImetØ°p tbmPn°mØXcØn¬ {Iqchpw Hcp ]cnjvIrbpKØnse Kh¨sa‚n\p tNcmØhn[Ønep≈XpwBbncp∂psh∂mWv. Hcp {]tXyI kapZmbsØb√, `mcXJWvUsØ H´msI {]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂psh∂v Ah Imis∏Sp∂ Hcp henb cmjv{SobkwLS\bpsS k¬t∏cn\p If¶whcpØp∂ Hcp {]tabam WnXv. DtZymKÿ∑m¿ C¥y≥P\XbpsS t\sc \SØnb A{Iaßsf sh≈tX®p aqSnhbv°p hm≥ {ian°p∂ Kh¨sa‚p {]kvXmh\Ifnse a\xÿnXn CXpXs∂bmWv. atXm∑Øcmb ap…o߃ Hcp hn`mK°mcmb _lpkl{kw \nlmbcmb lnµp°fpsS ta¬ \SØnb tLmcm ]cm[\ßfpsS \njvTqcX eLqIcn°phm≥ a\∏q¿∆w \SØp∂ DZyaßfn¬ shfns∏Sp∂Xv . ka`mh\bp≈ \ncq]I≥ c≠pw HtccoXnbn¬ A[nt£]nt°≠XmWv. Idm®n Jnem^Øv tbKmØnse {]tab߃ Bh¿Øn®p _es∏SpØphm≥ \SØnb tbmK߃, Jnem^Øv cmjv{Shnfw_cw, ^nem^Øv ]XmI Db¿Ø¬˛ CØcw A\ntj[yamb bmYm¿Yy ßfpsS ap≥]n¬ \nl Ic W{] ÿm\hpw Jnem ^Øv {]t£m `W hpa√ am∏nfelfbv°p ImcW sa∂p ]dbp∂Xv A]lmkyamWv. Cu {]tabØn¬ am∏nfamsc, GXms≠mcp £amt]£ tbmSpIqSn, Ip‰s∏SpØp∂ `mKØn¬ D]tbmKn® hm°pIfpw NneDtZymKÿ∑mcpsS ZpjvIr Xy߃°v˛ Ch D{KambhXs∂ Bbncp∂psh¶nepw˛ Kh¨sa‚ns\ Bt£]n°p∂ `mKØv D]tbmKn® `mjbpambn XmcXaywsNøp∂Xp ckmhlambncn°pw. B\n_k‚ v am∏nfIem]w \nlIcW˛Jnem^Øv {]t£m`ßfpambn _‘s∏´Xm sW∂p JWvUnXambn A`n{]mbs∏´n´p≠v. ap…owt\Xm°∑m¿ Xs∂ Cu A`n{]mbw ]tcm £ambn kzoIcn®ncn°p∂p.Unkw_¿ 30\v AlΩZm_mZn¬ ktΩfn® ap…oweoKns‚hm¿jn ItbmKØnse A[y£{]kwKØn¬ lkvdØv saml\n am∏nfam¿ sNbvX {IqcIrXyßsf ∏‰n C{]Imcw {]kvXmhn®Xv DZmlcWambn FSp°mw. am∏nfam¿ AhcpsS \S]Sn C{]Imcw \ymboIcn°p∂p.: Ah¿Cw•ojpIm¿s°Xnsc Hcp bp≤w \S Øns°m ≠ncp∂t∏mƒ AhcpsS Ab¬hmknIƒ (lnµp°ƒ) Ahsc klmbn®n s√∂p am{Xa√, \njv]£X ]men°pIbpw sNømsX k¿∆{]ImtcWbpw Cw•ojpIm¿°p klmbklIcW߃ \evIn. Ah¿ kzaXkwc£Wm¿∞w bp≤Ønte¿s∏´v , AhcpsS hoSpw kzØpw Dt]£n®vaeIfnepw Ip‰n°mSpIfnepw A`bw{]m]n®n cns° AhcpsS t]mcmfnIƒ°m hiyamb ]Whpw `£Wkm[\ßfpw, thsdPohntXm]IcWßfpw Cw•ojpImcn¬\n∂pw AhcpsS XpWbmfnIfn¬\n∂pw \n¿_‘ns®SpØv sIm≈sNøembn Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv DNn Xas√∂v Ah¿°p \n›bambpw hmZn°mw. am∏nfamcpsS {]h¿Ø\sØ {_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmbn \SØnb Hcp aXbp≤ambn hnti jn∏n®t∏mƒ AXv Jnem^Øv {]t£m`WØn¬\n∂p th¿s]SpØphm≥ \nhrØnbn√mØ Hcp cmjv{Sob{]ÿm\ambncp∂psh∂vlkvdØv saml\n hy‡ambn kΩXn°p∂p. am∏nfam cpsS {IqcIrXy߃°v At±lw ImWp∂ \ymboIcWw _meniw am{Xa√, hmkvXhhncp≤ hpamIp∂p. {]Xy£amb Hcp kwKXn At±lw hnkvacn°p∂p. Gd\mSv , h≈ph\mSv, s]m∂m\n F∂o Xmeq°pIfnse ]e `mKßfnepw lnµp°fpsS hoSpIƒ `qcn`mKhpw \nt»jw sIm≈ sNøs∏´Xv BKÃv 21, 22, 23 F∂o XobXnIfnembncp∂p. Iem]w s]m´n∏pds∏´ {]tZiß fn¬ ]´mfw FØnt®cp∂Xn\pap≥]v˛ am∏nfam¿ aeIfnepw Ip‰n °mSpIfnepw A`bw{]m]n °p∂Xn\p hfsc ap≥]v. am∏n fam cpsS _o` ’IrXyßfpsS t\sc kzoIcn® a\xÿnXn tlXphmbn ]©m_n¬ {_n´ojv A[nImcnIƒ \SØnb tLmcIrXyßsf hna¿in°phm≥ tIm¨{Kn\p [m¿ΩnIm hImiw \jvSs∏´p. ssZhsØ `bs∏Sp∂ am∏nfamsc∏‰n Km‘nbpsS apdhnfnIfpw tIm¨{K nsebpw ap…oweoKnsebpw t\Xm°∑m¿ AhcpsSta¬ h¿jn® A `n\µ\ßfpw HmUy¿ Ub dpsS sNbvXnIsf icnh®p Iºn ASn®Xpt]mse, hmkv XhØn¬ \S∂ kwKXnIsf°pdn®p≈ A⁄XsIm≠mbncn°mw. ]t£ ]n∂oSvkwKXnIƒ kphy‡ambn shfns∏´tijhpw Ah¿
10
BZysØ A`n{]mbsØ Dt]£n®Xmbn {]kvXmhn®n√. 1923¬ sIm°\mSbn¬h®p \SØnb Jnem^Øv kwLS\bpsS hm¿jnItbmKØn¬ Hcp anI® tZiobt\Xmhmb ju°Øv Aen A[y£ÿm\Øp\n∂v A\mYcmb am∏nfIpSpw_ ߃°pw Ip´nIƒ°pw klmbw A`y¿∞n®psIm≠v Hcp {]tabw AhXcn∏n®p. (CXn\v F{Xtbm ap≥]pXs∂ am∏nfam¿ \SØnb tLmcamb A]cm[߃ cmPyØns‚ Hc‰w apX¬ at‰ A‰whsc Ip{]kn≤ambncp∂pht√m) At±lw ]d™p: Bbnc°W°n¬ am∏nfam¿ c‡ km£nIfmbnØo¿∂p. aX[¿Ωhpw am\pj[¿Ωhpw ap≥\n¿Øn Cu[ocamb am∏nfamtcmSv Hcp ISa \ndth‰m\p≠v.am∏nfamcpsS ssIbm¬ Nne lnµp°ƒ°vt{Zmlw A\p`hn®n´ps≠∂v At±lw kΩXn®p. elfbpsS Cu hiw Ah¿°v Hcp A⁄mXhnjbamsW¶nepw iqccmb am∏nfamtcmSv Hcp IS∏mSps≠∂pw Xm\pw Xs‚ ktlmZc≥ aplΩZv Aenbpw Hmtcm am∏nf A\mY_mes‚ sNehphln°phm≥ \n›bn®n´ps≠∂pw At±lw {]kv Xmhn®p. tbmKØn¬ k∂nlnXcmb ]ecpw HmtcmcpØcmbn Fgpt∂‰v Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ssIbm¬ am∏nfam¿ klnt°≠nh∂n´p≈ ZpcnX߃ hnhcn®p. ]t£ Ah¿ \SØnb a\ptjymNnXa √mØ \njvTp cIr Xyßsf∏‰n F√mhcpw au\w Ahew_n®p. tbmKw ju°Øv AenbpsS {]tabw AwKoIcn°pIbpw A\mYcmb am∏nfamcpsS klmbØn\p [\tiJcWw \SØp Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ am∏nfamcpsS tLmcI¿Ω߃°v Ccbmb lnµp°ƒ°v Cu amXncn klmbw \evIphm≥ lnµpt\Xm°∑mtcm tIm¨{Ktm ap≥t]m´ph∂Xmbn°≠n√.
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am∏neelfIfpsS bYm¿∞kz`mhw tUm. Sn.sI. cho{µ≥ (tIcfk¿hIemime Ncn{Xhn`mKw A≤ym]I≥)
]sØm≥]Xmw \q‰m≠nepw Ccp]Xmw\q‰m≠ns‚ BZyZiIßfnepw ]cºcbmbn s]m´n∏pd s∏´ am∏n fe lf Iƒ°p apJ yImcWw AYhm GI ImcWw Zplamb IpSnbmbvahyhÿ Iƒ tlXphmbn I¿jIcpsS CSbn¬ kzm`mhnIambn DZv`hn® B]XvIcamb AkwXr]vXn bmbncp∂psh∂v Ak∂nKv≤ambn sXfnbn°phm≥ ASpØImeØv ]ecpw ]cn{ian®n´p≠v. {_n´ojv C¥ybn¬ IpSnbm∑m¿ P∑nIfpsS ZbmZm£nWysØ B{ibn®p Pohnt°≠nh∂Xn \m¬ IpSnbmbva hyhÿ ]cnjvIcnt°≠Xv ASnb¥ncmhiyambncp∂psh∂Xv hmkvXham Wv. F∂m¬ AanXIcw NpaØpI apXemb P\a¿±\]cn]mSnIƒ A]q¿hkw`h߃ am{Xam bncp∂p. hkvXp Hgn∏n°¬ G‰hpw ]cnanXambnt´ \S∂ncp∂p≈q. Ch km[mcW \S]Snbm bncp∂n√˛ H‰s∏´ hyXnNe\߃ am{Xambncp∂p. Cu ImeL´sØkw_‘n®p \nehnep≈ tcJIfn¬\n∂vA\pam\n°mhp∂XvP∑n IpSnbm≥ _‘߃ km[mcW am\pjnI\nbaßsf A\pkcn®pw Gsd°psd kulm¿±]chpw Bbn \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂mWv. `qhpSabpw Irjn °mc\pw At\ym\yw h¿Øn®XpkapZmbØn\vA\mtcmKyamb coXnbnembncp∂n√ , 19˛mw iXm _vZØns‚ DØcm¿≤Øn¬ Gd\m´nepw h≈ph\m´nepw D≠mb am∏nfelfIsf∏‰nbp≈ hnhcW߃ CXp ]cam¿∞amsW∂p sXfnbn°p∂p. elfbp≠mIpsa∂ `bØm¬ lnµp °ƒ°p hocyw \jvSs∏´ {]tZißfn¬ am∏nfIpSnbm≥ AhcpsS P∑nIfpsS Poh\pw kzØpw c£n°phm≥ AhcpsS hoSpIfnte°p IpXn®ncp∂p. ""Hmtcm henb lnµpP∑nbpSbpw ho´nte°v At±lØns‚ am∏nf IpSnbm∑m¿ [rXns∏´p t]mIp∂p˛ Ah¿ \n¿tZmjnIfmsW∂p sXfnbn°phm\pw Imh¬°mcmbn {]h¿Øn®v Ah cpsS kzman`‡n ImWn°phm\pw. Hcp (am∏nf) IpSpw_Ønse Ht∂m A[nItam AwK߃ aX{`m¥∑mcpsS `mKØp tN¿∂n´ps≠¶n¬ IpSpw_Ønse tijap≈ ]pcpj∑m¿ P∑nbpsS ho´nte°p _≤s∏´psN∂v elf Ahkm\n°p∂Xphsc ]mdmhpImcmbn {]h¿Øn°p∂p.''* hn≥S¿t_mØw ]dbp∂p: ""elf \S∂ {]tZißfnse am∏nfIpSnbm∑mcpsS CSbn¬ Rm≥ \SØnb At\zjWw lnµpP∑nIfmhs´ ImWwZm¿amcmIs´ IpSnbm∑msc ]cs° t{Zmln®n cp∂psht∂m, Ahcn¬\n∂vAanXamb ]m´w]ncn®psht∂m sXfnbn°p∂n√.'' Gd\m´nse sN{º t»cn, Xqhq¿ apXemb ÿeßfnse ÿnXn At±l w C{]Imcw hniZoIcn°p∂p: ""s\¬°rjn \SØp∂ ]mS߃ GItZiw apgph≥ shdpw ]m´°mcpsS ssIhiamWv. sN{ºt»cnbnepw Xqhqcnepw CcphnfsbSp°p∂ `qan°vhnØns‚ ]Ønc´nbmWvkm[mcW ]m´w. c≠p hnfbv°pw IqSn samØw hnfhv hnØns‚ 20 Cc´nbn¬ Ipdbphm≥ Xcan√ AXpsIm≠v IpSnbm\v In´p ∂Xv hnf™ [m\yØns‚ ]IpXnbpw apgph≥ ssht°mepw BIp∂p. Ing°≥Pn√Ifn ¬ (X angv\m´n¬) C{X henb Hmlcn IpSnbm∑m¿°p e`n°p∂Xv hfsc A]q¿∆amWv... Cu c≠v Awißfnse A[nImcnIam¿ ]d™Xv AhcpsS Awißfn¬ Irjn`qan°v G°dn\v 2cq]bn e[nIw \nIpXn Cs√∂mWv.Cu \nIpXn Kh¨sa‚nte°v ASbv°p∂Xv DSaÿ\pamWv. IpSn bm∑m¿ AhcpsS IpSnbncn∏n\p sIm√wtXmdpw sImSp°p∂Xv \maam{Xamb Hcp hmSIbmWv˛ Hcp ]pXnb ]Ww (4 AW 7 ss]˛ Ct∏mgsØ 271/2 ss]k) P∑nIƒ `mcn® ]m´w ]ncn®p IpSn bm∑msc t{Zmln®psh∂ Bt£]w ASnÿm\c lnXamsW∂v CXn¬\n∂p hy‡amIp∂p. hmkvXhØn¬ IpSnbm∑msc Hgn∏n°p∂Xv A]q¿∆kw`hßfmbncp∂p.h√t∏mgpw CXp \S ∂n´p≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ apJyamb ImcWw P∑namcpsS CSbn¬ DZv`hn® AhImiX¿°ßƒ Bbncp∂p.
12
am∏nfelf IpSnbm∑m¿ klnt°≠nh∂ IjvS∏mSn¬\n∂pZv`hn®psh∂ hmZw ASnÿm \clnXamsW∂p sXfnbn°p∂thsdmcp kwKXnIqSnbp≠v. ""ta¬Nm¿Øpw IpSnbnd°epw kw_ ‘n® hnhc߃ cPnkvt{Sj≥ DtZymKÿs‚bpw, Gd\mSv h≈ph\mSv ap≥kn^vamcpsSbpw B^okpIfn¬\n∂p tiJcn°phm≥ Rm≥ {ian®p. Cu hmZsØ km[qIcn°m≥ D]tbmKn °mhp∂ hnhcßsfm∂pw e`ya√. at©cn AwiØn¬ 1895¬ Ahkm\n°p∂ 5 h¿jßfn¬ cPnÿ sNbvX ta¬®m¿ØpIfpsS FÆw 17 Bbncp∂p. CXn¬ 10 ta¬®m¿ØpIfn¬ BZ ysØ ImW°m¿ lnµp°fmbncp∂p. Ccpºpgn Aw iØn¬ Cu 5 sIm√ßfn¬ 3 ta¬ Nm¿Øm [mc WßfmWv cPnÿ sNøs∏´Xv. ]ø\m´n¬ 6, ]m≠n°m´n¬ 7 ta¬®m¿Øp k{ºZmbw A[nIhpw am∏nfIpSnbm∑m¿°p {]XnIqeambn D]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂psh∂ hmZw AkXy amsW∂v Cu IW°pIƒ sXfnbn°p∂p. 17 ta¬ Nm¿ØpIfn¬ 10 FÆØn¬ IW°mc≥ lnµphmbncp∂psh∂ hkvXpX ta¬Nm¿Øp k{ºZmbw am∏nfIpSnbm∑mcpsS ssIhiap≈ `qan A]l cn°phm≥ aXhntZzjtØmSp IqSn P∑nIƒ kzoI cn® Hcp D]mb am bncp ∂ns√∂p ImWn°p∂p. lyq F‰vk≥ tcJs∏SpØnbXpt]mse, ""am∏nfam¿°v {]tXyIambn bmsXmcp D]{ZhsØ∏‰nbpw BhemXns∏Sm\n√. A\p`hØn¬ P∑nIƒ lnµp°fmb IpSnbmt∑mtcmSp ImWn°p∂Xnepw IqSpX¬ kua\kytØmsSbmWv am∏nfIpSnbmt∑mtcmSp s]cpamdp∂ Xv.'' kmam\yambn ]dbp∂Xmbm¬ am∏nfIpSnbm ∑mcpw AhcpsS P∑nIfpwXΩnep≈ _‘w hfsc Xr]vXnIcambncp∂p. elfbn¬ ]s¶SpØ IpSnbm∑m¿°pt]mepw AhcpsS lnµpP∑nIsf kw_‘n®p kmcambn h√ Bt£]hpw D≠mbncp∂psh∂p ]dbp∂XvsI´pIYIfpsS km¶ ev]nItemIØn¬ hnlcn°embncn°pw.'' elfbn¬ ]s¶SpØhcpsS kz`mhw, elf \S∂ ImeØv AhcpsS s]cpam‰w, Ah¿ sNbvX hnth N\miq\yamb _o` ’Ir Xy߃, elf HXp °nb Ncn {Xw, elfsb∏‰n Kh¨sa‚ptZymKÿ∑m¿ tiJcn® tcJIƒ Chsb√mw kkq£vaw ]cntim[n®m¬ Cu \n¿`m Kyhm∑msc AXntLmcamb ZpjvI¿Ω߃ sNøphm≥ {]tNmZn∏n®Xvkz¿§Øn¬t]mbn a\x Iev]nXamb kpJ߃ A\p`hn°msa∂ hymtamlambncp∂psh∂p hy‡amIpw. AhcpsS Dt±iw Hcn°epw {Zhyem`ambncp∂n√. Cu kapZmb hncp≤{]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]s¶SpØhsc AhcpsS Bflotbm]tZiI¿ hnizkn∏n®Xv , Ah¿ t]mcm´Øn¬ acn°Wsa∂pw bp≤w sNbv X "kbnZv' ]Zhn kºmZn®m¬ h≥]n® KpW߃ t\Spsa∂pambncp∂p. Cu {]ÿm\hpambn Nne hn[Øn¬ _‘s∏´h¿ \evInb sXfnhpIƒ Cu BibsØ Xd∏n®p]dbp∂p. kz¿§w tXSm≥ am∏nfelfIfn¬ Ft∏mgpw {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv kzaXsØ kw_‘n® AanX`‡bpw CXcaXßsf kw_‘n® AklnjvWpXbpw BIp∂p. hn≥S¿t_mØw ]dbp∂Xpt]mse, ""1894se elft]msebp≈ kvt^mS\߃ IpSnbm≥ \nba]cnjv Imcw sIm≠pam{Xw \n¿Øm≥ IgnbmØ aX{`m¥n¬\n∂v DZv`hn°p∂hbmsW∂pam{Xw Rm≥ ssha\kytØmsS A`n{]m bs∏Sp∂p. PohnX\nehmcw KWyambn A`nhr≤ns∏´m¬ aX{`m¥∑m¿ D≠mhpIbn√. ]t£ Zmcn{Zyw \ΩpsS IqsS F√mbvt∏mgpw F√mbnSØpw D≠v. elfIƒ s]m´n∏pds∏Sp∂ {]tZi ßfn¬ \n¿≤\cmb am∏nfam¿ [mcmfambn D≈ ImetØmfw Bhiyap≈t∏msg√mw Iem]w krjvSn°phm≥ Fs¥¶nepw ImcWw{]Xy£s∏Spw.'' lnµp°sfbpw AhcpsS kzØpw ÿm] \ßfpw t£{Xßfpw \in∏n°phm≥ Dt±in®p \SØnb ZmcpWamb A]cm[߃°v {]_e amb {]tNmZ\w AImcWamb aX{`m¥pXs∂bmbncp∂p. As√¶n¬ h[n°s∏SpItbm AwK `wKw A\p`hnt°≠nhcnItbm sNbvX lnµp°tfmSp {]tXyIn®v bmsXmcp hntZzjhpan√mØ A\h[n ap…o߃ elf°mcpsSIqsS tN¿∂Xn\p ImcWw ImWp∂n√. AhnizmknIfmb lnµp°sf shdp°pIbpw Ahcpambn bp≤Øn¬ G¿s∏´p arXnbSbpIbpw sNøp∂Xv aX [¿ΩamsW∂pw AXp kz¿§alna Icÿam°phm≥ kpZrVamb am¿§amsW∂pw elf°m cn¬ ]escbpw bYm{Iaw \njvI¿jn®p ]Tn∏n®n´p≠mbncp∂p. Nne¿ elfbn¬ tN¿∂Xv
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Xmev°menIamb t£m`Øn\[o\s∏´n´pw Bbncp∂psh∂p tXm∂p∂p. 1896 se Iem]Øn¬ at©cn t£{X]cnkcØn¬h®p arXnbS™hcn¬ ]{¥≠phb pam{Xw {]mbamb Hcp I p´nbpw D≠mbncp∂p. Ah≥ hben¬ F≈v DW°ns°m≠ncp∂t∏mƒ s]s´∂p≠mb Hcp Bthiw Ahs\ elf°mcpsS kwLØnte°p \bn®Xmbncp∂p. A]cm[nIfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw ap…owkapZmbØnse G‰hpw XmW]Snbnep≈hcmbn cp∂psh∂p kwibmXoXambn sXfnbn°s∏´n´p≠v. Ah¿°vbmsXm∂pw \jvSs∏Sphm\p≠m bncp∂n√. c‡km£nIƒ°v hmKvZm\w sNøs∏´ alnabmbncp∂p Ahsc hioIcn®Xv. AXp sIm≠v Pohs\ _enb¿∏n® t{Im[mIpecmb h≥]n® P\°q´sØ t{]cn∏n®Xv AhcpsS CS bn¬ XmW]Snbnep≈hsc \n¿`mKyhim¬ IogS°nbXv aX{`m¥ns‚ i‡nam{Xambncp∂p. Im^¿amcpambp≈ kwL¿jØn¬ PohXymKwsNbvXm¬ Ah¿°p kz¿§Ønse kpJt`mK ߃ A\p`hn°msa∂pw `qanbn¬ AhcpsS Io¿Øn F∂pw kvacn°s∏Spsa∂pap ≈ ZrVhni zmkw AhnizmknIfpsS t\scbp≈ GXp kmlkIrXyØn\pw Ahsc k∂≤cm°n. Cu aX{`m¥∑msc∏‰n Hm¿ant°≠Xmb thsdmcp Imcyw Ahcn¬ At\Iwt]¿ \njvTqc IrXy߃ \SØnbXv AhcpsS kztZi Øm bncp∂n√ F∂XmWv. aXbp≤Øn¬ tNcphm≥ Ah¿ hnZqcÿeßfnse Ip‰n°mSpIfn¬ FØnt®¿∂p. CXns‚ A¿∞w Hcp ÿesØ kw_‘n® {]tXyI ImcW߃ thWsa∂n√ F∂Xmbncp∂p. IpSnbmbva hyhÿsb°pdn ®p≈ AkwXr]vXn CØcw Iem]ßsf XzcnXs∏SpØnbXmbn hnNmcn°phm≥ A[nIw \ymbw ImWp∂n√. AhbpsS ]n∂n¬ {]mtZinIa√mØ aX]camtbm hnImc]camtbm D≈ ImcW ߃ D≠mbncp∂ncn°Ww. AhnizmknIƒ°v Poht\msS IogSßp∂Xns\°mƒ bp≤Øn¬ acWwhcn°phmt\m BfllXysNøp hmt\m Bbn cp∂p elf°m¿ CjvSs∏´Xv F∂ bmYm¿∞yw Ahsc BthiwsIm≈n®Xv aXhnImcambncp∂psh∂Xn\p sXfnhmWv. ""elf °mcpsS CSbn¬ HmtcmcpØ\pw ]´mf°mcpambn ssItbmSpssI bp≤w \SØm\pw FXncmfn bpsS Poh\p]Icw kz¥w Poh≥ hnebmbn sImSp°phm\pw Xcwt\m°nbncp∂Xv XSs∏Sp Øphm≥ {_n´ojv DtZymKÿ∑m¿ \SØnb ]cn{iaw ]cmPbs∏´p.* Cu A`n{]mbw Xs∂ bmWv hn≥S¿t_mØan\pw D≠mbncp∂Xv . ""Hcp kwLw am∏nfaX{`m¥∑m¿ IogSßphm≥ hnk ΩXn®Xmtbm AØcw kwLØnse Hcp hy‡n apdnthevt°msX ]nSn°s∏´Xmtbm Hcp DZm lcWw I≠p]nSn°phm≥ Hcp \q‰m≠nse tcJIsf√mw ]cntim[n®mepw B {iaw hn^eam bncn°pw.'' CsX√mw ÿm]n°p∂Xv Cu elfIƒ aX{`m¥ns‚ hnkvt^mS\w am{Xambncp∂p sh∂XmWv. cmjv{Sotbmt±iyan√ CXpt]mseXs∂ am∏nfelIsf {_n´ojp`cWØns\Xncmb cmjv{Sob{]t£m`Øns‚ Ahy‡amb Bcw`ambn hymJym\n°m\p≈ {iahpw tIhew \njv^eamIp∂p. aX{`m¥∑m¿ Kh¨sa‚pambn CS™Xv AicWcmb sslµhP\Xbv°pw AhcpsS kzØn\pw tZhmeb ߃°pw Kh¨sa‚v c£mhyhÿIƒ G¿s∏SpØnbt∏mgmbncp∂p. cmjv{Sobamb Zm¿Vyw Ah¿°v Hcp {]iv\ambncp∂n√. F∂m¬ kzaXmk‡n _p≤nsb A[o\s∏SpØn, Ahsc {`m¥p]nSn∏n®p. AXpsIm≠v Cu kmlknIkwLßfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃ tIcfØnse BZ yImesØ kzmX{¥ytbm≤m°fpsS ]cn]mSnIfpambn kaoIcn°p∂Xv A{Iaambncn°pw. H∂m aXv am∏nfelf°m¿°v cmjv{SobkzmX{¥ysa¥msW∂pXs∂ \n›bap≠mbncp∂n√. AXn s\∏‰n Ah¿°v h√ k¶ev]hpap≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬ AXv aXhntcm[nIfmb lnµp°fpambn \StØ≠ bp≤sØ kw_‘n®p am{Xambncp∂p. CXp sXfnbn°m≥ B ImesØ tcJIƒ [mcmfap≠v. am∏nfamcpsS CSbn¬ DSseSpØ Hmtcm {]t£m`Øns‚bpw ]n∂n¬ ImWp∂Xv AhcpsS aXsØ A]am\n®p F∂ Bt£]ambncp∂p (CXv hmkvXhtam Dultam Bbncn °mw). 1874˛se elbv°p ImcWw Hcp \mb¿shfn®∏mSns‚ Iev ]\bmbncp∂p. CXn¬\ns∂√mw A\pam\nt°≠Xv ]sØm≥]Xmw iXm_vZØnse am∏nfelfIƒ {][m\ambn kmapZmbnI
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elfIfmbncp∂psh∂mWv. Cu elfIfn¬ aX{`m¥∑m¿°vlnµp°tfmSv F¥pwsNømsa∂ \nebmbncp∂p D≠mbncp∂Xv.CXn\p hn≥S¿t_mØw hmIvNmXpcytØmSpIqSn km£yw hln °p∂p: ""HcpIq´w am∏nfaX{`m¥∑m¿ t]mcn\p hcp∂ps≠∂dn™m¬ lnµp°fpsS CSbnep ≈ F√m hn`mK°mcnepw D≠mIp∂ \nµyamb ZbhnlzeX Ah¿Æ\obamWv. AhcpsS ÿnXn e÷mhlhpw Zb\obhpamWv. Hcp i{Xpssk\yØns‚ B{IaWw CXnepa[nIw sh{]mfhpw ]cn{`ahpw krjvSn°pIbn√. Xs‚bpw Xs‚ kv{XoIfpsSbpw c£ bv°mbn Hcp am∏nfaX{`m ¥ns\ FXncnSphm≥ Hcp lnµphn\pw tXm∂p∂tXbn√. Bbp[ßfp≠mbncp∂ h¿ Ahsb kq£n°phm\mbn Kh¨sa‚ptZymKÿ∑msc Gev ]n°pItbm As√¶n¬ Hfn∏n®phbv °pItbm AXpas√¶n¬ elf°m¿°vhn´psImSp°pItbm sNbvXn´p≠mbncn°pw. kztZiØp\n∂v]mem b\w sNøp∂Xntem clkykt¶Xßfn¬ Hfn®ncn°p∂Xntem am{XamWvAh¿ c£mam¿§w ImWp∂Xv. 1849se Iem]Øn¬ elf°mcpw Hcp ssk\yhn`mKhpambn \S∂ G‰pap´en¬ Cu aX{`m¥∑m¿ ]´mf°mcpsS t\sc IpXn®pNmSnbt∏mƒ `bhnlzecmbn ]´mf°m¿ HmSn t∏mbXv Hm¿an°ptºmƒ h≈ph\m´nsebpw Gd\m´nsebpw ae{ºtZißfn¬ ]m¿°p∂ Ai cWcmb _lpP\߃ A\p`hn® kw{`m¥nDuln°mhp∂XmWt√m. kz¿§Ønse kpJØn\pth≠n Zmln°p∂ Hcmsf kw_‘n®nStØmfw Im¿jnIamb AhiXIƒ aXnbmb {]tIm]\as√∂v Dd∏n®p]dbmw. "skbvZm'°fmIm\mbn ]Ss]mcpXnb h¿°p Im¿jnI]cnjvIcWw A{Xsbm∂pw BI¿jIambncn°m\pw CSbn√. Iem]ImcnI fn¬ Ahti jn®hcmcpwXs∂ Xs‚tbm Xs‚ Iq´pImcpsStbm e£yw AXmbncp∂psh∂p ]d™n´pan√. AanXamb ]m´Øn\pw IpSnsbmgn∏n°en\pw FXncmbn "]pWybp≤w' \SØpI sb∂Xv Hcp ]¥ntISmbncn°pIbpw sNøpw. AXn\m¬ CXv˛ Im¿jnIamb AhiXIƒs° Xncmtbm Im¿jnI]cnjv ImcØn\pth≠ntbm D≈ Iem]amsW∂Xv I]S\mSyw am{XamsW∂p hy‡w˛ AXp ]t£ bYm¿∞e£yw ad®p]nSn°m\mbns°m≈Wsa∂n√. elfbn¬ ]s¶ SpØhcpw Pohn®ncn°p∂hcpambhsc c£n°m≥th≠nbmhmw. IpfØq¿ elf 1851¬ D≠mb as‰mcp elfbmWv IpfØq¿elf F∂p Ip{]kn≤n t\Snb elf. Cu elfbn¬ ]e lnµp°sfbpw elf°m¿ sIm√pIbpw ]e hoSpIfpw \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvX tijw IpfØq¿ hmcnbcpsS hmcnbtØ°v Ch¿ ]pds∏´p. hmcnb¿ Hcp ]≈nsI´p∂ Imcy Øn¬ Ft¥m hntcm[ambn NneXp {]h¿Øn®ncp∂p. elf°m¿ hmcnbØv FØn. kv{XoI tfmSpw Ip´nItfmSpw hoSphn´pt]mIm≥ ]d™p. Ahcpw hmcnbcpsS c≠v A\¥nch∑mcpw c£s∏´p. aq∏n¬ hmcnb¿°v 79 hbv {]mbambncp∂p. Abmƒ Hcp apdnbn¬ AS®ncp∏mbn. At∏mtg°v AhnSpØpImcmb Nne lnµp°ƒ A{]tZi°mcmb am∏nfamsc icWw {]m]n®p. am∏nfam¿ A≥]Xpt]tcmfw hmcnbØv FØn. ]t£ Cu h∂hcn¬Øs∂ Nne¿ elf°m tcmSp IqSnt®¿∂v hmcnbsc D]{Zhn°m≥ IqSpIbmWp sNbvXXv. hmcnb¿ sNdp∏wapX¬°p Xs∂ hf¿Øns°m≠ph∂ Hcp am∏nfbmbncp∂p Abmƒ Hfn®ncp∂ ÿew elf°m¿°p ImWn®psImSpØXpw elf°m¿ t]msb∂v D]mbw ]d™v hmcnbsc ]pdØphcpØnbXpw. hmcnbsc ASpØp≈ ]mSØv C´v sh´ns°m∂p. IpfØq¿ h®p≠mb Cu kw`hamWv am∏nf amsc∏‰n lnµp°fpsS a\n¬ AhnizmkwP\n∏n°p∂Xn\p {][m\ambn klmbn®n´p≈Xv. am∏nfelfIfpsS `mhw elfIfpsS Bcw`w an°hmdpw Npcpßnb \nebnembncn°pw. GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tZiØv Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿ ta¬hnhcn® h√ ImcWØn¬t]mepw lmenfIn i{Xp°sf sIm√m\pw ]ns∂ acn°m\pw Hcpßp∂p. B hnhcw X߃°v hfsc hnizmkap≈ Ab¬hmknsb Adnbn °p∂p. Ahs\bpw hioIcn®p Iq´Øn¬ tN¿°p∂p. Cßs\ elf°mcpsS kwLw \mtem At©m Bbm¬ D±njvSImcyØn\ndßn ]pds∏Sp∂p. AXn\nSbn¬ Nne hmfpItfm IØn Itfm tXm°pItfm tiJ cn®ph®n´p≠mbncn°pw. Cu Bbp[ßtfmSpIqSn X߃ sIm√W
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sa∂p a\n¬ Xo¿®s∏SpØnbn´p≈ Bfns‚ t\sc sN√p∂p. XcØn¬ In´nbm¬ Abmsf s°m∂v ASpØ {]tZißfnte°p bm{XsNøp∂p. BZysØ sIme Ignbp∂Xphsc Xß fpsS {]hrØnIƒ KqVambnØs∂ hbv°psa¶nepw AXpIgn™m¬ ]ns∂ kIe{]hrØn Ifpw ]ckyamWv. X߃ t]mIp∂ hgnbn¬ t\cn´pap´p∂ A\yaXÿ∑msc an°hmdpw Ah¿ sIm√pItbm sXm∏n CSo°pItbm sNøpw. AhtcmSp bmsXmcp hntcm[hpw hWsa∂n√. t Nnesc hn´b°ns√∂pan√. AXp{]Imcw Xs∂ Ah¿ t]mIp∂ Zn°pIfnep≈ lnµp°fpsS hoSpIƒ Np´p\in∏n°pw. _nw_߃ X®pSbv °pw. t£{X߃ \in∏n°pw. Cuhn[Øn¬ GXm\pw Nnesc \in∏n°m\mbn Bcw`n°p∂ elf lnµp°fpsS t\sc s]mXphmb Hcpbp≤ambn Iemin°p ∂p. bp≤sa∂p ]d™Xp sX‰mWv. elf°m¿ hcp∂p F∂ptI´m¬ HmSpIb√msX AhtcmSp lnµp°ƒ FXn¿Øp\n∂Xmbn am∏nfelfIfpsS apgph≥ Ncn{Xw t\m°nbmepw ImWphm≥ {]bmkamWv. (sI. am[h≥\mb¿, ae_m¿ Iem]w, t]Pv 19˛20)
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B¿.kn. a÷pZmcpsS teJ\Øn¬ ]cma¿in® A\p_ ‘ ߃ 1921 sk]vXw_¿ 7˛mw XobXnbnse ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybnse dnt∏m¿´v
kzm¿∞X, ]Ws°mXn, A[nImctamlw F∂nhbm¬ t{]cnXcmb am∏nfam¿ Im´n°q´nb PpKp ]vkmhlamb aX{`m¥ns\∏‰n kmam\y_p≤nbp≈ GsXmcp lnµphns\bpw t_m[ys∏SpØp∂ A\p`hßfmWv Cu elfsb∏‰n FgpXptºmƒ F\n°p ]dbphm\p≈ Xv. \mb¿kapZm b Ønepw a‰v Db¿∂ kapZmbØnepws]´ bphXnIfpw kpµcnIfpamb s]¨Ip´nIsf AhcpsS A—\Ωamcnepw `¿Øm°∑mcnepw\n∂v _em¬°mcambn ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn ]q¿Æ\·I fm°n AhcpsS ap≥]n¬°qSn \SØpIbpw HSphn¬ am\`wKs∏SpØpIbpw sNbvX kw`h ߃ A`bm¿∞nIƒ hnhcn°p∂p. a\pjyhnImca‰hcpw arKobhnImcßfm¬ A‘cpamb am∏nfam¿ Hcp Ukt\m A[nItam BfpIfpsS amwkZmlw Xo¿°m≥ Hcp kv{Xosb D]tbmK s∏ Sp Ønb kw` hß fpap≠v. Iem]ImcnIƒ kpµcnIfmb lnµpkv{XoIsf XShn¬]nSn®v _em¬°mcambn aXwam‰n am∏nfkv {XoIsft∏mse ImXpIpØn®vXmev°menI`mcyamcmbn D] tbmKn®n´p≠v. `ojWn°pw am\`wKØn\pw Pohlm\n°pw ap≥]n¬ `b∂ A¿≤\·Ifmb lnµpkv{XoIƒ Im´parKßfp≈ h\ßfn¬ A`bw tXtS≠nh∂n´p≠v. A¥tmsS Pohn® lnµp°sf Nne apkenbm∑mcpsSbpw X߃amcpsSbp klmbtØmsS _ew{]tbmKn®v kp∂Øv \SØn aXwam‰nbn´p≠v. lnµphoSpIƒ sIm≈Sn°pIbpw sIm≈nhbv°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. \nlIcWhmZnIfpw Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\°mcpw sIm´ntLmjn°p∂ lnµp ap…ow sFIy Øns‚ s]m≈Øcw shfnhm°m≥ Cu B{IaW߃ t]mtc? hnjbmk‡cmb am∏nfam cpsS \Sp hn¬°qSn \· Ifmbn \SØs∏´ lnµp kv{Xo IfpsS _o` ’Nn{Xw ad°mt\m ambv°mt\m km[ya√. F∂m¬ am∏nfIem]ImcnIƒ Hcp ap…owkv{Xosb F¶nepw am\`wK s∏SpØnbXmbn Rm≥ tI´n´n√. (kn. i¶c≥\mbcpsS Km‘n B≥Uv A\m¿°n F∂]pkvX IØn¬ c≠mw A\p_‘ambn sImSpØn´p≈Xv.) 6˛12˛1921se ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybnse dnt∏m¿´v. sN{ºt»cn Xßfpw ssk\ym[n]\pw tN¿∂v Fs‚ {]tZiØmWv lnµp°sf IcpXn°q´n sIm√m\pw kzØv sIm≈bSn°m\pw BZyambn Bcw`n®Xv. AtX]‰n ae_m¿ tP¿Wen¬ Rms\gpXnb hnhcW߃ Xm¶ƒ°b®Xp hmbn®pImWpat√m? CØcw kw`h߃ ]I¿® hym[nt]mse hym]n®p Znhtk\ sImeIsf∏‰n tIƒ°m≥ XpSßn. c≠mgvNbv°Iw ZmcpW amb lnµpsIme]mXI߃ \nXykw`hßfmbn. Gd\mSns‚bpw tImgnt°mSns‚bpw Dƒ`mK ßfn¬\n∂v Iem]ImcnIƒ \SØnb sImeIfpsSbpw B{IaWßfpsSbpw IYIfpambn A` bm¿∞nIƒ {]hln°m≥ XpSßn. tImgnt°m´v \n∂v 12 ssa¬ am{Xw hS°pIng°p≈ Gd\m ´nse ]pØqcwiØn¬ aXwamdm≥ hnkΩXn® 25 lnµp°sf ]´m∏I¬ sh´ns°m∂v InW‰nen ´p. Chcnsemcmƒ elf°m¿ t]mbn°gn™t∏mƒ Xe\mcngsIm≠p c£s∏´v Hcphn[Øn¬ tImgnt°ms´Øn. Abmfnt∏mƒ Bip]{XnbnemWv. A\p`hÿ\mb Hcmsf∂ \nebv°Cu v IY kXyamImt\ hgnbp≈q. Gd\mSp Xmeq°n¬ ISep≠n sdbn ¬thtÃj\n¬ Acnb√q cn\vASpØp≈ aÆqcn¬\n∂pw Ign™bmgvN sImeIfpsSbpw _em¬°mcamb aXwam‰Øns‚bpw hm¿ØIƒ In´nbn´p≠v.
Cu ÿehpw tImgnt°mSp\n∂v 14 ssa¬ ZqcØmWv. Ign™hln®psIm≠mWv HcmgvNbmbn tImgnt °m t´°p hcp∂ Hmtcm Xoh≠nbpw shdpw 100 IW°n\v A`bm¿∞nIsfbpw hcp∂ Xv. Ign™bmgvN ]Xn\mbncw A`bm¿∞nIƒ°mbn ZpcnXmizmkkanXn `£Ww sImSpØ
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sX¶n¬ CubmgvN AXv 15000 Bbn. Ahcn¬\n∂p In´nb hm¿Øb\pkcn®v Hc≥]Xmsf ¶nepw sIm√s∏´pImWpw. sIm≈hbv]pw aXwam‰hpw AkwJyw. inip°sfbpw K¿`nWnI sfbpw sImesNøp∂Xns\°mƒ ss]imNnIamb Hcp ]mXIw \n߃°v k¶ev]n°m≥ Ign bpsam? c≠pZnhkw ap≥]vtImgnt°mSp\n∂v Hcp A`bm¿∞n ]d™ h¿Øam\w hmbn°m\n Sh∂p. 7 amkw K¿`ap≈ Hcp kv{Xo hb¿ AdpØpsIm∂\nebn¬ NØ Ip´nbpsS tZlw ]pdØp ImWØ°hn[Øn¬ hgnat[y InS°p∂p. apeIpSn®psIm≠ncp∂ 6amkw {]mbap≈ as‰mcp Ip´nsb X≈bpsS amdn¬\n∂v ]nSns®SpØv c≠mbn IjvWn®p. F{X lrZbt`ZIw! elf°m¿ a\pjytcm sNIpØm∑mtcm? _ew {]tbmKn®p≈ FÆa‰ aXwam‰ßfpw dnt∏m¿´p sNøs∏Sp∂p. Hcp Uk\ne[nIw BfpIsf Xesam´bSn∏n®v Jpdm\n¬\n∂vFt¥m sNm√n°p ∂Xv Hcp acØnsemfn®ncp∂ Hcmƒ I≠Xmbn dnt∏m¿´p sNøp∂p. F¥p sXfnhph®psIm ≠mWv Nne¿ CØcw kw`hßsf \ntj[n°p∂sX∂v F\n°p a\nemIp∂n√.\ntj[n°p ∂h¿ ChnsSh∂v CXns‚ kXymhÿ t\cn´pImWs´. Ign™Znhkw sIme]mXIßfpsS thsdmcp hm¿Ø tIm´bv °en\SpØp\n∂p≠mbncp∂p. {XoIfpw kv ]pcpj∑mcpaS°w ]Xns\m∂p lnµp°sf elf°m¿ sIm∂psh∂mbncp∂p B hm¿Ø. c≠mgvN ap≥]v s]cn¥¬aÆbv°pw taem‰qcn\pw CSbv°p≈ tdmUnse Hcp Iep¶n\Sn bn¬ ]Xn\©p lnµp°fpsS arXtZl߃ ImWs∏SpIbp≠mbn. Cu sIme]mXIßfpsS IYIƒ tI´v \n߃°p thZ\ tXm∂p∂nt√? Cu hm¿ØIsf√mw Xs∂ icnbmsW∂p sXfn ™n´p≈hbmWv. sN{ºt»cn XßfpsS t\XrXzØn¬ \S∂ Hcp _em¬kwKsØ∏‰n Adn bm \nSh∂ kabØv Fs‚ a\nep≠mb Aa¿jhpw shdp∏pw {]ISn∏n°m≥ hm°pIfn√. taem‰qcnse am\ybmb Hcp \mb¿kv{Xosb sXm´SpØp ssIIƒ ]n∂n¬ sI´n\n¿Ønbncp∂ kzktlmZcs‚bpw `¿Ømhns‚bpw ap∂n¬h®v elf°m¿ DSphkv{X߃ Agn®pam‰n. Cu Zriyw ImWm\mImsX IÆS® ktlmZcs\bpw A{IanIƒ hmƒNq≠ns°m≠v _eambn IÆp Xpd∏n°pIbpw AhcpsS Xpd∂IÆpIƒ°p ap≥]n¬h®v _em¬kwKw sNøpIbpw sNbv Xp! CØcw lo\kw`hßsf°pdn®v FgpXm≥Xs∂ F\n°p aSp∏p tXm∂p∂p. hfscb[nIw kºØpw \mept]cpsS Poh\w (c≠pthe°mcpw c≠p _‘p°fpw) \jvSs∏s´¶nepw Cuiz cm\p{KlØm¬ Fs‚ IpSpw_hpw _‘p°fpw Cu a\pjyarKßfm¬ A]am\n°s∏SmsX kpc£nXambn tImgnt°ms´Ønt®¿∂p. ta¬∏d™ _em¬kwKØns‚ kw`hw hfsc hni zmktbmKyamwhn[w AhcpsS ktlmZc∑mcnsemcmƒXs∂ Fs∂ Adnbn®XmWv . CXpt]mep≈ \nch[n \nµyhpw lo\hpamb A{IaßfpsS IYIƒ BfpIsf shfns∏SpØmØhbmbn´pap ≠v. (k¿.kn. i¶c≥\mbcpsS Km‘n B‚ v A\m¿°n F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ c≠mw A\p_‘ ambn sImSpØn´p≈Xv.) sI.]n. tIihtat\m≥ apXembhcpsS {]kvXmh\ kzcmPnse lnµp˛ap…ow sFIysØ°mƒ kXyamWv ]ca{][m\ambn´p≈Xv. BbXn\m¬ auem\mkmln_nt\mSpw At±lØns‚ a‰p aXm\pbmbnItfmSpw C¥ybpsS Bcm[yt\Xm hmb almflmKm‘ntbmSpw˛ At±lhpw ChnSsØ Cu kw`h߃ Adn™n´ns√¶n¬˛ R߃ ]dbp∂p, lnµp°fpsSta¬ am∏nfam¿ \SØnbn´p≈ A{Ia߃ XnI®pw kXyamWv. Hcp bYm¿∞ A{IaclnXamb \nlIcWhmZn°v am∏nfelf°mcpsS {]hrØnIsf A`n\µn °m≥ Ignbn√. F¥n\mWv \mahsc A`n\µnt°≠Xv? lnµp°fpsS t\sc Ah¿ \SØnb h≥]n®Xpw {]tIm]\clnXhpamb B{Ia߃t°m? tImgnt°mSv , s]m∂m\n, h≈ph\mSvF∂o Xmeq°pIfpsS Nne `mKßfnsebpw Gd\m´nsebpw kIelnµp`h\ßfnepw \SØnb h≥tXm
Xnep≈ sIm≈bv t°m? elfbpsS XpS°Øn¬h≥tXmXnepw sNdnb tXmXnepw ]n∂oSv elfbpsS ASpØ L´Øn¬ ho´n¬Øs∂ Ign™pIqSnbt∏mƒ lnµp°sf _ew{]tbmKn®v aXw am‰nbXnt\m? \ncp]{ZhnIfmb lnµp]pcpj∑mscbpw kv {XoIsfbpw Ip´nIsfbpw \njv °cpWw
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sh´ns°m∂Xnt\m? ]≈nbn¬ {]thin°pIbpw Xß∑msc A]am\n°pIbpw sNbvX s]meo kpImcpsS hwiØn¬ P\n ®h sc∂Xn\m¬, As√¶n¬ Im^dpIƒ F∂ ImcWw H∂psIm ≠pam{Xat√ elf°m¿ lnµp°fpsS t£{X߃ aen\s∏SpØpIbpw Ah \in∏n°pIbpw lnµpkv{XoIsf _em¬kwKs∏SpØpIbpw Ahsc am∏nfam¿ \n¿_‘nXambn aXwam‰n hnhmlw Ign°pIbpw sNbvXXv? bmX\ A\p`hn®hcn¬ C∂p Pohn®ncn°p∂h¿ hnhcn®pX ∂Xpw R߃ tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xpamb hnhcßfn¬ ]dbp∂ {Iqckw`h߃ A`n\µ\ a¿ln°p∂hbmtWm? t\scadn®v icnbmbn Nn¥n°p∂hcmb F√mhcpw Xs∂, {]tXyIn®v F√m {]tIm]\ßfnepw A{IaclnXambn {]h¿Øn°psa∂p {]Xn⁄m_≤ambn´p ≈ Jnem ^Øv ktΩf\w t]mep≈ H∂ns‚ {]Xn\n[n {]tXyIn®v , CXns\ i‡nbmb `mjbn¬ Bt£ ]nt°≠Xt√? CØcw {IqcIrXy߃ sNbv Xhcmb am∏nfam¿ AhcpsS aXØn\pth≠n Poh≥ _enb¿∏n®pthm? 1. sI.]n. tIihtat\m≥, sk{I´dn, tIcfm{]tZiv tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n (H∏v) 2. sI. am[h≥\mb¿, sk{I´dn, tImgnt°mSv Pn√m tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n (H∏v) 3. Sn.hn. samlΩZv, sk{I´dn, Gd\mSv Jnem^Øv IΩn‰n (H∏v) 4. sI. IcpWmIc≥ tat\m≥, {Sjd¿, tIcfm {]tZiv tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n (H∏v) 5. sI.hn. tKm]metat\m≥ (H∏v) (Km‘n B‚v A\m¿°n F∂ {KŸØnse aq∂mw A\p_‘w) {io am[h≥\mbcpsS {]kvXmh\ k¿°mcpw am∏nfamcpw XΩnep≈ Hcp kacsa∂ \nebnepw As√¶n¬ am∏nfam¿ Im´n¬ Pohnt°≠Xv A\mhiyambnØo¿∂psh∂Xns‚ t]cnepw am∏nfam¿ lnµp°sf sIm≈bSn °p∂Xv icnbmsW∂vauem\m saml\n \ymboIcn°pIbmW.v Gd\mSv, h≈ph\mSv, s]m∂m\n Xmeq°pIfn¬ lnµp`h\ßfpsS t\sc h≥tXmXnep≈ sIm≈bpw Ih¿®bpw A[nIw \S ∂Xv ssk\nI\nbaw {]Jym]n® BKÃv 22, 22, 23 XobXnIƒ°p ap≥]msW∂ Imcyw auem \bv°dnbn√mbncn°mw. auem\m Duln°p∂ kabØv am∏nfam¿ ImSpIfntebvt°mSnt∏mbn cp∂n√; AXpt]mseXs∂ lnµp°ƒ Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKsa∂ \nebv°v am∏nfamcpsS hntZ zjw kºmZn°Ø°hn[w am∏nfamsc t{Zmln°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂n√. Iem]w s]m´n∏pds∏ ´Xv BKÃv 20\mbncp∂p. 21\v s]meokns\bpw aPnkvt{S‰ns\bpw XncqcßmSnbn¬\n∂pw tImgn t°mt´bv°v ]n≥hen°pIbpw s]meokpIm¿ elf_m[nX{]tZißfnseßpw NpaXetbs‰ Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp. lnµp°ƒ £Wn°pItbm klmbn°pItbm sNøp∂Xmb am∏nfamcpsS FXncmfnbmb Hcmfpw D≠mbncp∂n√. lnµp°fpsS taep≈ B{IaWw _o`’hpw {]tIm] \clnXhpambncp∂p. (*Km‘n B‚ v A\m¿°n F∂ ]pkvXØn¬ D≤cn®n´p≈ aq∂mw A\p_‘Øn¬\n∂v, t]Pv 138) k¿∏°mhnse InWdpw tIf∏\pw 1921se HIvtSm_¿˛\hw_¿ amkßfn¬ tImgnt°mSv Xmeq°v ]pØqcwiw apXpa\ C√Øv At∆m°¿ ap…ym¿ `cWamcw`n®v {Kma{]tZißfn¬\n∂pw Iq´wIq´ambn lnµp°sf ]nSn®p sIm≠ph∂v C…mw kzoIcn°m≥ Bhiys∏´p. aXwam‰Øn\p Xømdmbhsc am¿°wIq´n XS ™phbv°pItbm ]d™bbv°pItbm sNbvXp. hnkΩXn®h¿°v am∏n√mØ h[in£ hn[n ®p. C√Ønt\mS\p_‘n®v Hcp k¿∏°mhpw InWdpap≠v. h[in£bv°p hn[n°s∏´ lnµp °sf Imhnte°p am¿®sNøn®p; Xesh´n InW‰nsedn™p. CØcØn¬ \nt£]n°s∏´
A≥]tXm Adp]tXm ih߃ InW‰n¬w c£s∏´v ImWs∏´p. ∏≥ F∂pAhtijn®p. t]cmb HcmƒAbmƒ°v am{Xw AZv`pXIcamb hn[Øn¬ InW‰n¬\n∂p CutIf IY]dbm≥ Xebv°p ]n≥`mKØv c≠psh´pIƒ sIm≠ncp∂p. a‰p≈hcpsS XeIf‰pt]mbncp∂p. `mKyw
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sIm≠p am{XamWv tIf∏≥ c£s∏´Xv. Abmƒ acns®∂pIcpXn elf°m¿ Abmsf Imen\p ]nSn®phen®p InW‰nte°p X≈n. InW¿ ihßsfs°m≠p \nd™ncp∂p. AhbpsS apIfnemWv tIf∏≥ hoWXv. c≠pa Wn°q¿ Ign™t∏mtg°pw Abmƒ°p t_m[w hcnIbpw InW‰nte°p Nm™pInS∂ Hcp Im´ph≈n∏S¿∏n¬ ]nSn®p Icbv°pIbdn Hfn®ncn°pIbpw sNbvXp. Hcp sNdnb ags]bvXXn \m¬ Abmƒ°v Aev]w Bizmkw e`n®p. Ccp´mbt∏mƒ Rcßnbpw aqfnbpw ap≥t]m´pXq ßnb Xe Xmßn∏nSn®psIm≠vCg™p\ncßn 8, 9 ssa¬ k©cn®p. ]nt‰∂pcmhnse 8 aWn°v t_m[clnX\mb \nebn¬ Hcp k_vC≥kvs]IvS¿ Abmsf Is≠Øn Bkv]{XnbnseØn ®p. (Zn am∏nfelf 1921, kn. tKm]me≥\mb¿, ]pdw 55˛56)
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elfImcWw C.Fw.Fn\pw \mSphntS≠nh∂p ae_mdn¬ s]mXpshbpw RßfpsS {]tZiamb h≈ph\mSpXmeq°n¬ hntijn®pw am∏nfam¿ CfInhimbn.... elf XpSßn \mtem At©m Znhkw R߃ FdWmIpfØpXs∂ Xmakn ®p. B Znhkßfnsem∂pw AhnSßfn¬ bmsXmc{Iahpw \S∂ncp∂n√. ]t£ ]ebnSØpw A{Iaw \S°p∂ps≠∂p kwkmcap≠mbncp∂p. ChnsSbpw \S°psa∂p `bhpw. AXpsIm≠p elf°m¿ h∂p Ipg∏ap≠m°mXncn°p∂Xn\v, RßfpsS ]Sn°¬ ÿncambn Imhte¿s∏Sp Øn. (Cu Imh¬°m¿Xs∂ am∏nfamcmbncp∂p). {ItaW elf Ipdbp∂Xn\p]Icw ]c°pI bmsW∂ dnt∏m¿´pIƒ ]c°m≥ XpSßn. C∂ ÿeØp ]mew s]mfn®p. Xmeq°pIt®cn ssItbdn, s\√pw ]Whpw tNmZn°pIbpw _eambn ]nSn®phmßpIbpw sNbvXp˛ CsXms° bmWv tIƒ°p∂ IYIƒ. Cu kmlNcyØn¬ F{X Imheps≠¶nepw kv{XoIfpw Ip´ nIfpw Ipd®pZnhkw amdnØmakn°p∂XmWv \√sX∂p Xocpam\n®p. HcpZnhkw cmhnsebmWv R߃ AhnsS\n∂p ]pds∏´Xv . ]pgIS∂v 7, 8 ssa¬ Zqscbp≈ sjm¿Æq¿°pt]mhpIbmWv. D®bqWn\v h√∏pgbnep≈ AΩbpsS KrlØn¬ Ibdn. DuWp Ign™v sjm¿Æq¿°p \S∂p. Cu hgns°√mw lnµp°fpw ap…oßfpambhsc ImWmambn cp∂p. Ah¿ XΩn¬ bmsXmcp hyXymkhpan√. Ahkm\w sjm¿ÆqscØnbt∏mƒ I≠ Imgv NbmWv elfsb°pdn®p t_m[ ap≠m°nbXv. sdbn¬thtÃjs‚ apJyÿm\ßfnse√mw sh≈∏´mf°m¿ \nebpd∏n®n´p≠v. tÃj≥Imhen\p \n¿Øs∏´n´p≈ Ch¿°p]pdsa elf°msc Aa¿°m≥ Xømdmbn\nev °p∂ ]´mfhn`mK°mcpw AhnsSbp≠v. {_n´ojv `cWi‡nbpsS cq]sØ°pdn®v Fs‚ PohnXØn emZyambn°n´p∂ {]Xy£m\p`hw. sjm¿Æqcn¬\n∂pw h≠nIbdnCcnßme°pStÃj\nseØn. AhnsS\n∂pw IpXnch≠n°v 8˛10 ssa¬ ZqcØv sh≈mß√qcnep≈ _‘pKrlØnseØn. A∂papX¬ A©pamktØmfw AhnsSbmWv Ign®pIq´nbXv. AhnsSØmakn°p∂ ImesØ√mw elf°mcpsS A{Iaßsf °pdn®p≈ IYIƒ ]d™pwtI´pw ]{X߃ hmbn®pw a\nem°n. Fs¥m s°∏ d™mepw am∏nfamsc hnizkn®pIqSm F∂Nn¥mKXnbmWvAXnse√maSßnbncp∂Xv . Km‘nPn°pw \n lIcW{]ÿm\Øn\pw tIm¨{Kn\psa√msaXncmb Nn¥mKXnbmbpw CXp cq]w{]m]n®ncp ∂p. CXns‚sb√mw Ae t\cnbtXmXn¬ Fs‚ a\nepw ASn®ncp∂p. A©mdpamk߃°ptijw ho≠pw GewIpftØ°pXs∂ Xncn®ph∂p. R߃ C√mXn cp∂ImeØv \m´n¬\S∂ kw`hßsf∏‰n A\p`hÿ¿ ]d™ptI´t∏mƒ Fs‚ Bib°p g∏w Ipsd°qSn h¿≤n®psh∂vChnsSØs∂ ]d™phbv°s´. \nlIcW]cn]mSnbpsS `mK ambn AwKoIcn°s∏´ncp∂ lnµp˛ap…ow ssa{XnbpsS ASn XI¿∂pIgn™ncp∂p. elf°m¿ \SØnb A{Iaßsf°pdn®vbYm¿∞tam Bb IY ]dbp∂ lnµp°ƒ; s]meokv h∂v AdÃv sNøp∂Xv Ft∏msg∂v `bs∏´psIm≠ncn°pIbpw Pbnen ¬ Ignbp∂ _‘p°sf°pdn®p hym Ipecmbn°gnbpIbpw sNøp∂ ap…o߃; Km‘nPnsbbpw tIm¨{Kns\bpw ]gn°p∂ {_n´ojv `‡∑m¿; tIm¨{Kns\ \ymboIcn°p∂sXßs\sb∂dnbmsX \nev°p∂ tZiobhmZnIƒ˛ CXmWv ÿnXn. (C.Fw.Fkv. \ºqXncn∏mSv, BflIY, ]pdw: 76˛79)
21
Zp¿_e\pw AkwLSnX\pamb lnµp sI. am[h≥ \mb¿
ae_m¿elfbpsS kpZo¿Lhpw hkvXp\njvThpamb Ncn{XImc≥ elf°n cbmb lnµp ° fpsS ASnÿm\]camb Zu¿_eysØ hniIe\w sNøp∂p. lnµp°fpsS PmXnhn`mKhpw Xo≠¬ apXemb A\mNmcßfpw AhscØΩn¬ F{Xam{Xw AI‰nbncn°p∂psh∂pw Cßs\bp≈ B]ØpIfn¬ GtIm]n®v i{Xp°tfmsSXn¿°m≥ km[n °msX Ahsc F{Xam{Xw Zp¿_ecm°nbncn°p∂psh∂pw ap≥s]mchkcØ n¬ {]kvXmhn®n ´p≠v. F∂m¬ B ImcWwsIm≠p am{Xa√ am∏nfamtcmSv FXn¿°m≥ Ah¿ Xosc Ai‡cm bnØo¿∂Xv. Gd\mSv Xmeq°n¬ am∏nfam¿ FÆØn¬ lnµp°sf°mƒ A[nIaps≠∂p am{X a√ Ah¿ an°hmdpw \ncØns‚ h°Øpw AßmSnbn¬ sXcphpIfpsS k{ºZmbØnepamWv Xmakn®ncp∂Xv. GsX¶nepw ImcyØn\vHcpan®pIqSphm≥ Ah¿°p £Wt\cwsIm≠p km[n °p∂p. F∂pam{Xa√, hn´pXmakn°p∂h¿t]mepw Hcpan®pIqSn th≠p∂ BtemN\Iƒ sNbvhm≥ AhcpsS ]≈nIƒ Ah¿°v AXy¥w D]Icn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
elf°meØv CXp {]tXyIn®pw F√mh¿°pw kwKXnbmWv . elfbpsS Bcw `tØmSpIqSn \m´nep≈ kIe Bbp[ßfpw Ah¿A\p`h∏´ Icÿam°n. AXn\ptijw kwLw kwL ambn´mWv Ah¿ lnµp°fpsS hoSpIƒ sIm≈sNbvhm≥ XpSßnbXv. Ahcn¬ ]pcpj∑m¿ an°hmdpw AXXp ÿeßfn¬ {]h¿Øn®v D]Poh\w Ign°p∂hcmWv. F∂m¬ lnµp° fpsS ÿnXn CXn¬\ns∂√mw hyXymks∏´ncn°p∂p. Ah¿ an°hcpw A[nIw Zqcw hoSphn ´p Xmakn°p∂p. Hmtcm ]dºn¬ lnµp°fpsS c≠phoSpIƒ Hcpan®p ImWp∂Xv Zp¿√`amWv. Ahcn¬ Db¿∂ PmXn°m¿ tZlm[zm\ap≈ {]hrØnIsf \nµyambn IcpXn am\yamb Irjn {]hrØnsb an°hmdpw Dt]£n®ncp∂p. hnZym`ymkap≈hsc√mw KpakvX∑mcmbpw hnZym`ym kan√mØh¿ tIm¨Ã_nƒamcpw in]mbnamcpw `rXy∑mcpw Bbpw Ah\h\pw ho´pIm¿°pw KpWan√msX A\yZn°pIfn¬ Imebm]\w sNøp∂p. AhcpsS tZl_ew{]mtbW £bn®n cn°p∂psh∂p am{Xa√, Hcpan®p tNcmt\m {]hrØn°mt\m kuIcywIp∂ \ev bmsXmcp ÿm] \hpw Ah¿°n√Xm\pw. AXn\m¬ kwLw tN¿∂v Bbp[ßfpambn A{IaØn\ndßnb am∏n famtcmSv FXn¿°phm≥ Ah¿ Xosc Ai‡cmbn. am∏nfam¿ tZtlm]{Zhtaev]n°phm≥ XpS ßnb c≠masØ L´Øn¬ Ahcn¬ Nne¿ hfsc ss[cyhpw ]cm{I ahpw ImWn®n cp∂psh ¶nepw A[nIw P\ßfpsS t\sc Fs‚tbm Npcp°w NnecpsStbm [ocXbpw_e{]tbmKhpw \njv^eambnØs∂ Iemin®p. aXwam‰phm≥ \n¿_‘n°s∏´ AhkcØn¬ im¥[oc\mbn Npgen∏pdsØ hmkptZh≥\ºqXncn acWsØ hcn®p. Ct±lw GXp kapZmbØn\pw A`nam \n°Ø° iqc]pcpj≥Xs∂ bmbncp∂p. Xs‚ hoSns\bpwIpSpw_sØbpw c£n°phm≥th≠n Poh≥ _ensImSpØ thsdbpw ]e DZmlcWßfp≠v. Ahsb√mw ChnsS hnhcn°phm≥ Hcp ßp∂n√. kwLSn°Ww i‡cmhWw ta¬ {]kvXmhn®hn[w Aev]w Nne¿ elf°mcpsS t\sc _ehpw D]mbhpw {]tbmKn®v FXn¿Øpsh¶nepw BI∏msS lnµp°ƒ \mSpw hnt´mSnt∏mhpIbmWp sNbvXXv. ]t£ CXpsIms≠m∂pw lnµp°ƒ bmsXmcp ]mThpw ]Tn®Xmbn tXm∂p∂n√. Ah\hs‚ kapZmb Ønep≈ AkaXz߃ Xo¿Øv tZl_ehpw kwL_ehpw h¿≤n∏n°phm≥ Ah¿ {i≤n
°mØ ]£w Ahsct∏mgpw Cu B]ØpIƒ°vhis∏Sphm≥ hgnbp≈XmsW∂Xn\p kwi ban√. am∏nfam¿ A⁄m\Ønepw A‘hnizmkØnepw apgpInbncn°p∂nStØmfw Imew lnµp
22
°ƒ°v AhcpsSbnSbn¬\n∂v CØcw B]ØpIƒ t\cnSphm\nSbp≈XmWv. AXn\m¬ am∏n famsc ]cnjvIcn°phm\pw XßfpsS kapZmbØn¬ _m[n®n´p≈ tZmj߃ Xo¿°phm\pw lnµp°ƒ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂p. (ae_m¿ elf, t]Pv 212˛213) Xqhqcnse InW¿ (1921 BKÃv 24) Xqhqcn\pw Icphmc Ip≠n\pw at[ybp≈ sam´°p∂ns‚ sNcnhn¬ HcpInWdp≠v. CXn\ SpØv sNºct»cn Cºn®nt°mbØßfpw 4000 Hmfw A\pbmbnIfpw Hcp h≥]n® tbmKw tN¿∂p. Hcp sNdnbacØns‚ XWenep≈ ]mdta¬ X߃ Bk\ÿ\m bn. ssIIƒ ]n∂n¬ sI´nb\nebn¬ \mev ]Xn¬]cw lnµp°ƒ AbmfpsS ap∂nte°m\bn°s∏´p. ]´mfsØ klm bn®psh∂ Ip‰w AhcpsSta¬ NpaØn. ap∏sØ´pt]sc h[in£bv°p hn[n®p. aq∂pt]sc shSnh®Xmbn ]dbs∏Sp∂p. _m°nbp≈hsc HmtcmcpØcmbn InW‰n≥Icbnte°p sIm≠p h∂p. Bcm®m¿ InW‰ph°Øp≈ Hcp sNdnb acØn\SpØp\n∂v HmtcmcpØscbmbn Xesh´n InW‰nte°p X≈n. InW‰nsednbs∏´ncp∂hcn¬ Nne¿°p Poh\p≠mbncp∂p. ]t£ c£ s∏S¬ Akm[yambncp∂p. \√ sN¶¬]mdbn¬ sh´n°pgn® InWdn\v Ac™mWpIƒ C√m bncp∂p. Cu Iq´s°mebpsS aq∂mwZnhkhpw InW‰n¬\n∂pw Ic®n¬ tIƒ°mambncp∂ph s{X! F{X `b¶cambncp∂ncn°Ww AhcpsS acWw! Iq´s°me \S∂ kabwag°meambncp ∂Xn\m¬ InW‰n¬ sh≈ap≠mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ AXp h‰nbn´p≠v . B¿°pw B `oI cZriyw ImWm≥ Ignbpw. InW‰n\Sn`mKw a\pjymÿnIsfs°m≠p \nd™ncn °p∂p. Fs‚ IqsSbp≠mbncp∂ ]WvUn‰v Ejndmw F∂ BcykamPw anj\dn ap∏Xp XetbmSpIƒ FÆp Ibp≠mbn. Hcp XetbmSns\∏‰n {]tXyIw ]cma¿int°≠Xp≠v. AXp c≠p XpeyJWvU ßfmbn hn`Pn°s∏´ncp∂p. Hcp Cu¿®hmƒsIm≠v c≠mbn Cu¿∂p apdn°s∏´ B Xe Ipam c∏Wn°¿ F∂ Hcp hr≤t‚Xmbncp∂psh∂p ]dbs∏Sp∂p. ({io. C. cma≥tat\m≥ _n.C., am∏nfelf F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬\n∂v) C.Fw.Fkv. A∂pw C∂pw ""A{IaclnXamb \nlIcW{]ÿm\Øn\pth≠nbmbncp∂n√, scadn®v t\ , X\n lnwkm flIamb kacØn\pth≠nbmbncn°pw CSØc°mcmb {]mtZinIt\Xm°∑m¿ am∏nfI¿j Isc kwLSn∏n®Xv. BdpamksØ ITn\m≤zm\Øn\ptijw am{Xta kpi‡amb {_n´ojv km{amPyXzØns‚ ]SbmfnIƒ°v Cu hnπhsØ ASn®a¿Øm≥ Ign™p≈q. A{X ka{Kam bncp∂p AhcpsS kwLS\mkma¿∞yw. AhcpsS \nb{¥WØn\mbncp∂ {]tZißfn¬ Hcp X\n P\Iob`cWw G¿s∏SpØphm≥ elfØeh\mb Ip™lΩZv lmPn°p Ign™p; sXs° ae_mdns‚ `q{]IrXn Hfnt∏m¿ apdIƒ°vAh¿ AXnkma¿∞ytØmsS D]tbmKs∏ SpØn; Hcn°¬ Cf°nhn´pIgn™m¬ F{X i‡ntbdnb FXncmfnsbt∏mepw FXn¿Øp\n ev°m\p≈ hgnbpw IgnhpIfpw Is≠Øphm≥X° kma¿∞yap≈hcmWvam∏nfI¿jIsc∂v CXp icn°pw sXfnbn®p.'' (C.Fw.Fv., "tIcf˛C∂se, C∂pw \msfbpw') Ct∏mƒ {io. C.Fw.Fkv. Cu \ne]mSv am‰pIbpw elfbpsS h¿§obkz `mhw AwKoI cn°p Ibpw elf bnse c‡km£nIƒ°pIqSn s]≥j≥ A\phZn°Wsa∂v Bh iy s∏Sp Ibpw sNøp∂p≠v. arKobhpw A\nb{¥nXhpamb Im´mfØw ""Jnem^Øv {]t£m`w, am∏nfamsc BIam\w Cf°nadn®p. elf, bYm¿∞Øn¬ {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚ns\Xncmbp≈ Hcp{]t£m`ambncp∂p. {_n´ojvKh¨sa‚ns\ ]pdwX≈n X¬ÿm
23
\Øv C…man I` cWw ÿm]n° Wsa ∂Xm bncp∂p Dt± iyw. IØnIƒ, hmfpIƒ, Ip¥ßƒ F∂nh kzIm cyambn \n¿Ωn°p Ibpw, {_n´ojv `cWIqSØns‚ Bÿm\sØ XI¿°m≥ F¥n\pw aSnbn√mØ A{IanIsf kwLSn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. 1921 BKÃv 30\v XncqcßmSn bn¬h®v am∏nfamcpw {_n´ojv ssk\yhpw XΩn¬ Hcp D{Kamb kwL´\w \S∂p. tdmUpIfn¬ am¿§XSw krjvSn°pIbpw sSe{Km^v IºnIfpw sdbn¬th sse\pIfpw ]ebnSßfnepw apdn°pIbpw sNbvXp. `cWkvXw`\w \nehn¬h∂tXmsS, kzcmPv ÿm]n°s∏´ncn°p∂psh∂p am∏nfam¿ {]Jym]n®p. Hcp Benapkenbmsc cmPmhmbn hmgn®p. Jnem^Øv sImSnIƒ \m´p Ibpw, Gd\mSv, h≈ph\mSv Xmeq°pIƒ Jnem^Øv cmPyambn {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚ns\Xncmb Iem]sa∂ \nebv°v CsX√mw XnI®pwa\nem°mhp∂tX bp≈q. F∂m¬, F{XbmtemNn®mepw a\nemhmØXv , ae_mdnse lnµp°fpsS t\¿°vam∏n fam¿ Im´nb hn{InbIfmWv. am∏nfamcpsS ssIsIm≠p lnµp°ƒ°p t\cn´Zp¿§Xn `b¶cam bncp∂p. sImeIƒ, _ew{]tbmKn®p≈ aX]cnh¿Ø\w, t£{X[zwk\߃, K¿`nWnIfmb kv{XoIsf sh´n∏nf¿°pI XpSßn kv{XoIfpsS t\¿°p lo\amb s]cpam‰w, sIm≈nhbv]v, hn[zwkI˛ F∂pth≠ arKobhpw A\nb{¥nXhpamb Im´mfØØns‚ F√m Zpjv IrXyßfpw lnµp°fpsS ta¬ am∏nfam¿ \n¿_m[w \SØn. Zp¿§ahpw hnimehpamb B {]tZiØv \nba hmgvN ]p\ÿm]n°m≥ ]´mfw FØnt®cp∂Xphsc CXp XpS¿∂p.sIm√s∏SpIbpw aXwam‰ s∏SpIbpw apdnthev]n°s∏SpIbpw sNbvX lnµp°fpsS FÆw IrXyambn Adn™pIqSm. F∂m¬, Xo¿®bmbpw AXp `oaamb H∂mbncn°Ww.'' (tUm. Awt_ZvI¿, "]mInkvXm≥ As√¶n¬ C¥ybpsS hn`P\w') ""Hm¿an°ptºmƒ Rm≥ \odnt∏mIp∂p' ""ae_mdn¬ kw`hn® Imcy߃, AhnSsØ Np‰ p]mSpIƒ icn°dnbmhp∂ \ΩpsSsb√mw a\ns\ Im¿∂pXn∂pIbmWv . \ΩpsS am∏nfktlmZc∑m¿°p {`m¥p ]nSns]´pt]mbn Ft∂m¿an °ptºmƒ Fs‚ lrZbØn¬\n∂p c‡whm¿s∂men°pIbmWv. Ah¿ DtZymKÿ∑msc h[n®p F∂p Nn¥n°ptºmƒ Fs‚ lrZbw thZ\n°p∂p. Ah¿ lnµphoSpIƒ sIm≈bSn°pIbpw \qdpIW°n\p kv{Xo]pcpj∑msc `h\clnXcpw£WclnXcpam°p ` Ibpw sNbvXpsht∂m¿°p tºmƒ Fs‚ thZ\bv°Xncn√. lnµp°sf C…mante°v _em¬°mcambn Ah¿ aXwam‰m≥ {ian®psht∂m¿°ptºmƒ Rm≥ \odnt∏mIp∂p.'' (Km‘nPn, bMv C¥y, 22˛9˛1921)
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tNmcbnep IÆp\ocnepw IpXn¿∂ IYIƒ kn. ]mdpAΩ, NmØwho´n¬, tX™n∏mew, ae∏pdwPn√ 20˛1˛1973 Fs‚ A—≥ ]pg¶ShØv aßm´v Ip´n\mb¿ F∂ IrjvW\pÆn \mbsc 1921se am∏nfe lfbn¬ ap…o߃ ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn sh´ns°m∂v Hcp InW‰nen´p. ho´nep≠mbncp∂ km[ \ßfpw elf°m¿ sIm≈sNbvXp. sI.kn. _meIrjvW≥\mb¿, hm°mS hoSv, Xr°pfw 19˛10˛1973 Fs‚ s]߃ sNdnbwho´n¬ s]m´bn¬ Ip™pAΩ F∂ kv{Xo apS¥p≈ Hcp kv{Xobm bncp∂p. c≠p sNhn°pw tIƒhn D≠mbncp∂n√. Cukv{Xosb ap…ow elf°m¿ hmƒsIm≠ sh´n IgpØdpØv Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Xmakn®phcp∂ Xr°pfw AwiØn¬ hm°mS ]dºnep≈ InWdn¬ ihw C´p. Cu ISpwssI sNbvXXv RßfpsS kao]ÿcmb ap…owIfmWv. CXn\pw ]pdsa Fs‚ Hcp AΩmhs\bpw sh´ns°m∂p InW‰nen´p. kn. IrjvW≥\mb¿, aTØn¬ hoSv, Xr°pfw, 19˛10˛1973 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ AXnZmcpWamb hn[Øn¬ Iim∏psNøs∏´ Hcp lnµphns‚aI \mWv Rm≥... Fs‚ A—s‚ A—≥ sNdnbwho´n¬ s]m´bn¬ IrjvW≥\mb¿ XncqcßmSn Xr°pfw AwiØnse HcptIm¬°mc\mbncp∂p. {]mbm[nIyØm¬ DtZymK Øn¬\n∂p ]ncn™p ho´n¬ Ccn∏mbn cp∂p. B AhkcØnemWv 1921se am∏nfelf s]m´n∏p ds∏ ´Xv. tij °m sc√mw HmSn A\yZn°nte°p t]mbn. \S°m≥ km[n°mØXpsIm≠v At±lw t]mbn√. ASp Øp≈ Nne ap…owIƒ h∂v At±ltØmSv C…mwaXw kzoIcn°m≥ ]d™p. hbkpImeØv C\n hø F∂v At±lw Xo¿Øp]d™p. At∏mƒ At±lsØ Ah¿ ZmcpWamwhn[w sh´n s°mes∏SpØn ihw Fs‚ AΩbpw a‰pw Ct∏mƒ Xmakn®phcp∂ ho´phf∏nep≈ InW‰n¬ \nt£]n®p. aebn¬ inip]me≥, aebn¬hoSv, t_∏q¿, tImgnt°mSv 24 ˛10 ˛1973 Fs‚ A—s‚ A\pP\mb aebn¬ _m∏psh am∏nfelfbn¬ sh´ns°mes∏SpØn. A\p Ps‚ Zp¿acWØn\ptijw A—\p am\knItcmKw ]nSns]´p. At±lw A∂sØ ae_m¿ Xp°n SnbpsS ss{Uhdmbncp∂p. hn. _me≥, A‰sØmSn hoSv, Acnbq¿, ]me°mSv Pn√ 17˛10˛1973 am∏nfelf°meØvFs‚ ho´n¬ elf°m¿ {]thin®p. hfscb[nIw s\√pw ]m{Xßfpw B`cWßfpw sIm≠pt]mbn´p≠v. sImbvØn\v BfpIsf hnfn°m≥ ho´n¬\n∂v CdßnØn cn® Fs‚ Hcp henbΩmhs\ (In´p) elf°m¿ ]nSn®p. ]´mf°m¿°v Cf\o¿ C´psImSpØp F∂p]d™v BZyw sNhn c≠pw AdpØv AhcpsS IqsS sIm≠pt]mbn. ]ns∂ GXm≠v c≠p \mgnI AIeØv Xosc Bƒ]m¿∏n√mØ Hcp
ÿeØph®v sh´ns°m∂v InWdnte°v c≠p Hcmsfbpw C{]Imcw sIm∂p F∂mWdnhv . Xp≠ambn Acn™p. A∂pXs∂ ASpØ ho´nse
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Hm´°m™ncØn߬ `mkvIc≥, ]pØq¿, tImgnt°mSv 22˛10˛1973 tImgnt°mSv Xmeq°n¬ s]´ ]pØq¿ hnt√Pn¬ ]Sn™mtd sXmSnbn¬ IWmc≥ (CXv FgpXp∂ BfpsS AΩbpsS A—≥) ]mhs∏´h\pw ]mW≥kapZmbØn¬s∏´h\pw 4 s]¨a
°fpsS ]nXmhpw Bbncp∂p. Cfb s]¨Ip™ns‚ 28˛mw Znhkw D∏phmßm≥ ]oSnIbnt e°p t]mbt∏mƒ Iem]ImcnIƒ At±lsØ tdmUn¬h®p ]nSnIqSn. 32 hbp{]mbhpw \mepa° fpsSbpw `mcybpsSbpw GImhew_hpamb At±lw ""ASnbs\ shdpsX sIm√cptX'' F∂p \nehnfn®t]£n®n´pw bmsXmcp Zm£nWyhpw IqSmsX Ah¿ At±lsØ hmfpsIm≠p Igp Øpsh´ns°m√pIbmWp sNbvXXv. CXn\p ZrIvkm£nIfmbh¿ Nnesc¶nepw C∂pw Pohn®n cn°p∂p≠v. At±lØns‚ \mepa°fpw C∂pw Pohn®ncn∏p≠v. Cu {]tZißfn¬ thsdbpw ]e lnµp°fpw elf°mcpsS ISpwssIIƒ°ncbmbn´p≠v. sI. A®p\mb¿, If°pSn hoSv, ]∂nt°mSv, tImgnt°mSv 20˛10˛1973 Fs‚ AΩbpsS ktlmZc≥ A∏p°p´≥\mbsc 1921se elfbn¬ am∏nfam¿ sh´nsIm√p IbmWp≠mbXv. A∂v kpam¿ 30 hbv {]mbap≠mIpw. F\n°v A∂p aq∂phbt {]mbap ≈q. Rm\pw Fs‚ A—\pw AΩbpw a‰v AΩmh∑mcpw elfsb t]Sn®p \mSphn´ncp∂p. sI.kn. IeymWn AΩ, sI.kn. Nn∂Ωp AΩ, sI.kn. e£van AΩ, aßmt´bn¬ hoSv, tX™n∏mew, 23˛10˛1973 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ Fs‚ A—\mb IrjvW∏Wn°sc am∏nfam¿ sh´ns°m√pIbpw hoSv Xoh®p \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. AΩbpw a°fmb Rßfpw ssZhIr]bm¬ c£s∏´p. A—s\ sh´n sImes∏SpØnbXn\ptijw AΩ A[nIImew Pohn°phm≥ km[n°msX acn ®p. sI. C®nc, I\nbn¬ hoSv, sshZycßmSn, tImgnt°mSv 21˛10˛1973 1921 sk]vXw_¿ amkØn¬ XncpØnbn¬h®v Fs‚ A—≥ AØnt°mSv i¶cs\ elf °m¿ sh´ns°m√pIbpw ]pc Xoh®p \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. kn. cmLh≥, Iqthcn, IÆq¿, 13˛10˛1973 sImt≠m´n°v Ing°v Acot°mSv hnt√Pnembncp∂p Fs‚ A—s‚ kztZiw. Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn aX{`m¥p ]nSn® am∏nfam¿ A—s‚ hoSv B{Ian°pIbpw ssIbn¬ ]n´nbhscsb√mw sIm√m≥' apXncpIbpw sNbvXp. amXm]nXm°fpw a‰pw acn®phogp∂XpI≠t∏mƒ A—≥ Xs‚ Cfb ktlmZcnbpsS ssI]nSn®psIm≠v Ccp´neqsS HmSnc£s∏´p. A—\v A∂p ]Xn\mtem ]Xn\t©m hbp am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p≈q. Ch¿ Ahkm\w elf_m[nX{]tZitØ°p \ntbmKn®ncp∂ Hcp k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsS ap≥]n¬sN∂p s]´p. At±lw Cu c≠p Ip´nI sfbpw Xet»cnbnep≈ Xs‚ ho´n¬ sIm≠ph∂p hf¿Øn. ]n. am[hn AΩ, F°en߬ hoSv, ]p¬∏‰, ae∏pdw 18 ˛10 ˛1973 Fs‚ AΩmhs\ am∏nfelfbn¬ sh´ns°m∂p. RßfpsS kzØp°ƒ \in∏n°pIbpw
sNbvXp. CXpImcWw AΩmhs‚ `mcybpw Ip´nIfpw IjvSØnembnt∏mbn tXm´Øn¬ tIfp ]p√wIp∂Øv ]qem´p hoSv, cma\m´pIc
26
Fs‚ hneb—\mb Aø∏s\ am∏nfelf°m¿ sh´ns°m∂p. a‰p≈hsc√mw ho´n¬\n∂p t\csØ Hgn®pt]mbncp∂p. RßfpsS hoSv elf°m¿ Xoh®p \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Sn.]n. Aø∏≥, B\aßmSv, ae∏pdw, 26˛10˛1973
1921se elf°meØv Fs‚ A—s\ ae∏pdwPn√bnse s]mSnbm´v F∂ ÿeØp\n∂p am∏nfam¿ Iq´wtN¿∂p h∂p ho´n¬\n∂p]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn ASpØp≈ Hcp Acbmen≥Np h´n¬h®p sh´ns°m√pIbmWp sNbvXXv. AdpsImeIqSn B Ben≥Nph´n¬h®p Xs∂ \S ∂p. sIm√s∏´hsc√mw lnµp°ƒ Xs∂bmbncp∂p. AS°mwI≠Øn¬ Nt¥ma≥, Xmact»cn, tImgnt°mSv 26˛10˛1973 Fs‚ henb—\mbncp∂ Imb°¬ Nt¥mas\ am∏nfam¿ ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn sh´n sIme s∏SpØpIbpw ho´nep≠mbncp∂ B`cWßfpw a‰pkm[\ßfpw Ih¿® sNøpIbpw hoSns‚ ]e `mKßfpw \in∏n°pIbpw tISphcpØpIbpw I∂pImenIsf Agn®psIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. elf°m¿ Nhn´ns]m´n® hmXnepIfpw NpacpIfpw s]m´n®v DØchpw C∂pw AtX t]mse B¿°pw ImWmhp∂XmWv. ]pØeØv \mcmbW≥, tKm]me≥, IeymWn, sImSph≈n, tImgnt°mSv 1921¬ \S∂ am∏nfelfbn¬ Fs‚ A—\mb DWn®mcsh am∏nfam¿ ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn sh´ns°m∂p. Rm\pw Fs‚ AΩbpw A\pP\pw A\pPØnbpw am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p≈q. F\n°v A∂v 9 hbpw A\pPØn°v 3 hbpw A\pP\v Hcp hbpw am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p ≈q. ho´nse F√m km[\ßfpw elf°m¿ sIm≈sNbvXp sIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. sI.Sn. thembp[≥, Xr∏\®n, ae∏pdw Pn√ RßfpsS A—≥ Nmcp°p´nsbbpw A\pP≥ DÆnb∏phns\bp w AhcpsS A—≥ N¥pÆn sbbpw elfØeh≥ Ip™lΩZv lmPnbpw ]m¿´nbpw Hcp Znhkw hoSn\pw ho´n\SpØp≈ Awi°t®cn°pw XosImSpØp \in∏n®tijw ta¬∏d™ aq∂pt]scbpw ""Ipfn∏n®pIb‰p hm≥'' (sh ´ns°mes∏SpØpI) Hcp ssa¬Zqscbp≈ Xr∏\®nbnte°p sIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. hgnbn¬ h®v RßfpsS A—≥ Nmcp°p´n kq{XØn¬ HmSn c£s∏´p. a‰p c≠pt]sc elf°m¿ \n›nXÿeØph®v sh´ns°m√pIbpw sNbvXp. Rmd°m´v ]pdmbn¬ s]cnbmc≥ NmØ≥, ]pfn°¬, ae∏pdw, 13˛11˛1973 ta∏Sn Xmeq°v AwiwtZiØv I°m´ncn Xmakn°pw tNe∏pdØp Ipdp∏∑mcpsS ho´n¬ h®v Fs‚ A—≥ s]cnbmc≥ \mhp´nbpw A—s‚ A\pP≥ s]cnbmc≥ \oem≠\pw am∏nfe lf°mcm¬ shSnh®p sIm√s∏´XmWv . A∂v 13 hbp{]mbap≈ Rm≥ kw`hÿeØp\n∂v HmSn c£s∏´Xmbncp∂p. sI.]n. IeymWn°p´n AΩ, ]qtØm´nbn¬ hoSv, Acot°mSv, 13˛11˛1973 Fs‚ hoSv Gd\mSv Xmeq°n¬ Acot°mSwiØnse sImgt°m´q¿ tZiØmWv . Fs‚ AΩ bpsS aqØktlmZc\mb A∏ptat\m≥ F∂i¶ctat\m\mWvRßfpsS IpSpw_Imcy߃ t\m°nh∂Xv. 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ Hcp i\nbmgvN Acot°mSv N¥∏ncnhp Ign™paSßnhcptºmƒ
am∏nfam¿ Dt±iw D®Xncn™p c≠paWn°v At±lsØ kwLwtN¿∂p Aco t°mSv ]pgbn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn (Ipfn∏n°¬ I¿Ωw) Xesh´pIbpw sNbv]nSn®psI´pIbpw Xp. Xs∂bpa√ am∏n fam¿ RßfpsS hoSv ssItbdpIbpw [m\yßfpw In≠n, Dcpfn apXembh FSpØpsIm≠p
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t]mhpIbpw AXn\p]pdsa Xpd°mØ apdnIfpsS hmXnepIƒ sh´ns∏mfn°pIbpw sNbvXp. CuhI kwKXnIsf√mw Xs∂ C∂pw RßfpsS ho´n¬ h∂m¬ Gh¿°pwImWmhp∂XmWv. ]n. {iotZhn AΩ, Ip≠fwIp≠w hoSv, ]p¬∏‰, ae∏pdw 7˛11˛1973 Fs‚ c≠v AΩmh∑mscbpw Hcp Bßfsbbpw 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ sh´ns°m√pIbpw A\h[n kzØp°ƒ elf°m¿ sIm≈bSn°pIbpw sNbvXp. sI. Ip™∏p, ]pXpt°mSv, ae∏pw, 13˛11˛1973 elf°mesØmcp Znhkw ]pe¿®bv °v HcpIq´w am∏nfam¿ sNdpImhwiw t]ßm´vtZiØv sImf°m´v tImcphns‚ ho´n¬ Ibdns®√pIbpw Abmsf hnfn®pW¿Øn shSnh®psIm√pIbpw sNbvXp. At±lØns‚ `mcybpw c≠v B¨a°fpw (Ip™∏p, N¥p) Ct∏mgpw Pohn®ncn∏p ≠v.
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"kzmX{¥ykacw' Cßs\tbm? ]pc NpSepw sIm≈bpw sImebpw \n¿_‘n®p aXwam‰epw t£{X[zwk\hpw 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ lnµp°sf sIm√epw AhcpsS kzØp sIm≈sNøepw kv{XoIsf am\`wKs∏SpØepw hoSpIfpw t£{Xßfpw sIm≈nhbv°epw kv{XoIfpƒs∏sS ]escbpw \n¿_‘n®v C…mwaXw kzoIcn∏n°epw am{XamWv \S∂sX∂v A\p`hÿ∑m¿ tcJs∏Sp Øp∂p. A{IaØn\ncbmbh cn¬ GdnbIqdpw]mhs∏´hcmbncp∂p F∂pw CuIØpIfn¬\n∂p a\nem°mw. CsXßs\ kzmX{¥ykacamIpw? P∑nXzØns\Xncmbp≈ I¿jIkacamhpw? Ftfm{]°p∂pt∑¬ \mWp\mb¿, t]mÃv ]pØqcv, hgn sImSph≈n, tImgnt°mSv, 1973˛9 ˛1873 Fs‚ A—\mb IrjvW≥\mb¿ FS°m´v F∂hsc tItfmØvF∂ ÿeØph®v s\√p sImbvXp aSßnhcptºmƒ ap…o߃ ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mhpIbpw Poht\msS Xs∂ sXmen Ducp Ibpw AXn¬ ]ns∂ Hmcm `mKßfpw Acn™p sIm√pIbpamWv sNbvXXv. IqSmsX At±l Øns‚ IqsS D≠mbncp∂ thsd c≠v Bƒ°mscbpw IgpØp sh´pIbpw sNbvXp. A∂v A—\v Rm\pw Hc\nb\pw Hcp s]ßfpw am{XamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. A—s‚ acW tijw ]ns∂bpw ap…o߃ Rßsfbpw B{Ian°m≥th≠n ho´n¬ FØpIbpw hoSv hfbp Ibpw sNbvXt∏mƒ Rm\pw IpSpw_hpw HmSnc£s∏SpIbpw ho´n¬\n∂pw GXm≠v5 ssatemfw Zqcap≈ ]Sn°¬ tIfp\mbcpsS ho´n¬ A`bw {]m]n °p Ibpw sNbvXp. H≥] Xp amk Øn\p tijw elfIgn™p Xncn®ph∂t∏mƒ ho´nepw ]dºnepap≈ F√m km[\ßfpw \in∏n° s∏´ncp∂p. sX©ocn ]m¿hXn AΩ, ae∏pdw, 17˛9˛1973 am∏nfelfbn¬ (1921se) F\n°p hfscb[nIw \mi\jvS߃ D≠mbn´p≠v. am∏nfam¿ h∂v Fs‚ ho´nse ]e km[\ßfpw sIm≈sNøpIbpw Ab¬]°Øp≈ ]escbpw sh´n sIm√pIbpw sNbvXp. AXn¬ `bs∏´v Rm\pw A—\pw AΩbpw _m°n ho´nep≈hsc√mw IpsdZnhkw Im´n¬t∏mbn Hfn®p. AXn\nSbn¬ A—s\ Ah¿ sh´ns°m∂p. AXn\m¬ `b s∏´v Rßsf√mhcpw tImgnt°m´v kmbv]∑mcpsS ASp°¬ AWn\nc∂p. AXn\ptijamWv `bw Ipd™Xv. F∂m¬ ho´n¬ Xncn®ph∂pt\m°nbt∏mƒ I∂pImenIsfbpw a‰p ]e km[ \ßfpw I≠n√. ImenIsfsb√mw Ah¿ sh´ns°m∂v lnµp°sf Xo‰n.A—t\mSv Ipsd {]mh iyw am∏nfam¿§Øn¬ tNcm≥ \n¿_‘n®p. A—≥ AXn\p kΩXn°mØXn\memWv sh´n s°m∂Xv. hn.sI. Id∏≥, sImSnbØqcv, tImgnt°mSv Hcp kwLw am∏nfam¿ RßfpsS ho´n¬C…mwaXw kzoIcn°Wsa∂pw CXn¬ BtcmKy ap≈h¿ ]S\mbI∑mcmbn XßfpsS IqsS t]mcWsa∂p ]d™t∏mƒ RßfpsS henb— \mb Ftc®p AXn\p kΩXn®n√. R߃ GXphgns°¶nepw t]mbns°m≈msa∂p ]d™p. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ t]mIWsa∂p ]dbpIbpw Ah¿ t]mcpIbpw sNbvXp. FShÆ∏md
h®v RßfpsS henb—s\ ]nSn®psI´n Aht\mSv Hcps]Æp߃ kwKXn tNmZn°phm\p ≠v, \n߃ \S t∂mfn≥ \nßfpsS IqsS Ab®pXcmsa∂p ]d™p. \nehnfn°phm≥ {ian®t∏mƒ tXm°pNq≠n \nßsfsbm∂msI sIm∂pIf™m¬ tNmZn°m≥ Bcpw C√. AXv Hm¿an°W
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sa∂p ]d™v `ojWns∏SpØn, Xncn™pt\m°msX t]mIWsa∂p ]d™p. AtX{]Imcw t]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ cma\m´pIcbn¬ sN∂p. A∂pw ]nt‰Znhkhpw henb—s\ I≠n √. Aßs\ Xmakw am¶mhnte°m°n \memw Znhkw AhnsS In´nb hnhcw c≠pZn hkw hen b—s\ XSØn¬ tiJc≥amÃdpsS ho´n¬ Adbn¬ C´p]q´nsb∂pw aq∂mwZnhkw sNdphmSn ]pgbn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn sh´n sImes∏SpØn F∂pamWv.... amWnb≥ sXmSn, Nßcp, Xncnbßc hoSv, ]n.H., DucIw, ta¬apdn, ae∏pdw 22˛10˛1973 1921se elfbn¬ Fs∂ hmcnb≥Ip∂≥ Ip™paplΩZv lmPnbpw Iq´cpw ]nSn®psIm ≠pt]mbn. aXwamdmw F∂p]d™t∏mƒ Rßsf D]{Zhn®n√. aXwamdm≥ Xømdns√∂p ]d™ in¶mcØv tKmhnµ≥\mb¿, I√n߬ sXmSnbn¬ C´n®nc AΩ aIƒ am[hn AΩ, am[hnAΩ bpsS `¿Ømhv ]ncnbmØvD∏≥Ip´n \mb¿ F∂nhsc DucIw aebpsS ]Sn™mdv Xmgv hcbmb Inf\t°m´ph®v Xesh´n InW‰n¬ C´p. Chsc RßfpsS Iq´Øn¬\n∂mWvth¿Xncn®psIm ≠pt]mbXv. R߃ ]n∂oSv am∏nfamcpsS ]nSnbn¬\n∂p c£s∏´v ae∏pdØv A`bw {]m]n®p. Cu¿ßm´ncn them´v cma≥\mb¿, ae∏pdw Pn√ ae_m¿ elf°meØv Fs‚ AΩbpsS AΩbv°v aq∂p s]¨a°fpw Hcp aI\pw D≠m bncp∂p. Chcn¬ Nne¿ s]cIaÆ Awiw aSnticn tZiØv Rm\pw Fs‚ ktlmZcnamcn¬ Nnecpw A—≥ H∂n®v FShÆ AwiØnepambncp∂p Xmakn®ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ Fs‚ AΩ bpsS a‰p ktlmZcnam¿ e£van AΩ,]m¿hXn AΩ, h√p\mb¿ F∂nh¿ AΩma≥ i¶c≥\m bcpsS IqsS Cu¿ßm´ncn AwiØnepambncp∂pXmakn®ncp∂Xv. ho´nep≠mbncp∂ \√ ]Ww, ]≠w, Du´pdp´pIƒ, ^¿Wn®¿ apXembh elf°m¿ ]e kwL°mcp ambn aq∂ph´wh∂v Ih¿®\SØn F√mw sIm≠pt]mhpIbpw AΩma≥ i¶c≥\mbsc sambvXo≥Ip´n lmPn Xma kn®ncp∂ Icp∏Øv C√tØ°p sN√m≥ ]d™n´ps≠∂p ]d™v elf°m¿ Iq´ns°m≠p t]mhpIbpw sNbvXp. Fs‚ AΩmht\mSv Zo≥ hnizkn°Wsa∂pw A√mØ]£w sh´ns°m√psa∂pamWv el f°m¿ ]d™ncp∂Xv. Poh\p c£bns√∂p I≠t∏mƒ Aßs\ sNømsa∂pw Fs‚ IpSpw_ ߃ s]cpIpaÆv AwiØnepw FShÆ AwiØnepw Xmakn®phcp∂p. AXn\m¬ Ahsc °qSn sIm≠phc≠Xnte°v ]mv XcWsa∂pw AΩmh≥ ]d™p. F∂m¬ AcniwsIm≠ elf°m¿ X\n°p ]m√, \Sp°v ]pg°cbnte°v F∂p ]d™p ]pgbn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn sh´pIbmWp≠mbXv. elf \S°ptºmƒ Fs‚ AΩ ]Øpamkw K¿`nWnbmbncp∂p. AΩm hs\ sIm∂tijw elf°m¿ h∂v AΩtbmSpw s]߃amtcmSpw A\pPt\mSpw aXwamdm≥ \n¿_‘n®p. AΩmhs\ sIm∂Xmbn Adnbn°pIbpw sNbvXp. Pohc£bv°pth≠n AXns\ kΩXn°pIbpw aXwam‰n ap…owt]cpIfpw hkv{Xßfpsa√mw ]d™{]Imcw kzoIcn°pIbpw sNtø≠nh∂p. Ipd®pZnhkw Ign™t∏mƒ FShÆ ]´mfw hcpIbpw elf°m¿ AdnbmsX Rßfpw a‰p ]ecpw FShÆ FØpIbpw sNbvXp. AhnsS Ip™n °Æ≥ k_v C≥kvs] IvS¿ R߃°p hkv{Xhpw `£Whpw X∂v Rßsf c£n®v GXm≠v c≠pamkw Ign™v elf Ahkm\n®Xn\ptijamWv\m´nte°p Xncn®Xv. ]mtdm¬ sNdpÆn\mb¿, ]n.H. ]pØq¿, sImSph≈n, tImgns°mSv Fs‚ P∑tZiamb NmØawKew shÆt°mSv F∂ ÿeØv 1921emWv Cu Iem]w h∂ Xv. AXn¬ Fs‚ IpSpw_Øn¬s∏´ ]e Bƒ°mcpw ÿewamdn Xmakn°pIbpw elf°m¿
Fs∂ cambn ]nSnRm≥ ®psImHmSn ≠pt]mbn IgpØv sh´m≥ °p]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn Ibpw sNbvXncp∂p. F∂m¬_em¬°m GtXm {]ImcØn¬ c£s∏´p. ]t£ Fs‚{ian IqsS cp∂ ha\b´°≠n cmapÆn F∂nhsc X¬kabw Xs∂ Ah¿ sh´ns°m∂p.
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CsX√mw I≠v `bs∏´ph∂ Rm≥ ho´nseØpIbpw kwKXn ]dbpIbpw IpSpw_ktaXw ho´n¬\n∂v GXm≠v 20 ssaeIse a°S F∂ ÿetØ°p Xmakw am‰pIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Cu bm{Xbn¬ F´mwssa¬ aÆSn]mØv F∂ ÿeØph®v A—\mb tKmhnµ≥\m b¿ acn®p. Cu \m´n¬ \S∂ Iem]w GXm≠v 9 amktØmfw \o≠p\nev°pIbpw AXpI gn™v R߃ aSßnsbØnbt∏mƒ F\n°v AhImis∏´Xpw Fs‚ kz¥w ho´n¬ D≠mbncp ∂Xpamb km[\ßfpw I∂pImenIfpw \jvSs∏´Xmbn ImWpIbpw sNbv Xp. IqSmsX Fs‚ ASpØ _‘Øn¬s∏´ C°≠p\mb¿, C. cma≥\mb¿ , DWymXΩ, Cßm WnAΩ F∂nhsc C…mwaXØn¬ _em¬°mcw tN¿°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Chsc hfsc \n¿_‘n®v Imfamwkw Xo‰n°pIbpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Iem]w Ign™v aSßn R߃ FØn bt∏mƒ Ah¿ RßfpsS kapZmbØnte°p aSßnt®¿∂XmWv. F.F≥. \mcmbW≥\mb¿, sNdp∏ft»cn, H‰∏mew elf°meØvRm≥ Xmakn®ncp∂Xvh≈ph\mSvXmeq°v ]md¬ Awiw ]mfwIpfw tZiØv Fs‚ A—s‚bpw AΩbpsSbpw IqsSbmbncp∂p. XmgsØ IpfØp\n∂p s]cn¥¬aÆ sslkvIqfnte°v 4 ssa¬ Im´p{]tZiØpIqSn \Ss∂ØWw. Aßs\ 1921¬ Hcp Xn¶fmgvN cmhnse Im´phgn s]cn¥¬aÆbnseØn sXm´p Xmeq°m∏okn¬\n∂v AXnKw`ocamb ]pI BImitØ°pbcp∂p≠mbncp∂p.kvIqfn¬\n∂vaSßn Xmeq°m∏okns‚ ]Sn°seØ nbt∏mƒ \nch[n am∏nfam¿ aShmfpw [cn®p\nev°p∂Xp ImWpIbpw `bhnlzecmbn 4\mgnI ImSphgn HmSn A—s‚ ho´nseØpIbpw sNbvXp. £oWhpw ZmlhpwsIm≠p he™ Rm≥ Ipd®[nIw sh≈w IpSn®ncn°p∂ kabØv kpam¿ 80Hmfw am∏nfam¿ ho´n¬ Ibdnh∂p.HmtcmcpØcpsS ssIbnepw hSn, aShmƒ apXemb amcImbp[߃ D≠mbncp∂p. A—≥ ]pdtØs°hnsStbm t]mbncp∂p. h∂hcn¬ HcpØ≥ IrjvW≥\mb¿ FhnsS t]mbn F∂p tNmZn®p. `bhnlzecmb Rm≥, AΩ, tPyjvT≥, A\p P≥ F√mhcpw Dds° \nehnfn®p. \nehnfn tI´v A—≥ ASpØho´n¬\n∂pw HmSnsbØn. AhcpsS Bhiyw F¥msW∂mcm™ *** Ah¿ ]Whpw s\√psa√mw Bhiys∏´p. sImSp Øns√¶n¬ F√mhscbpw sIm√psa∂p ]dMvRp. kzXth ss[cyhm\mb A—≥ RßtfmSp aShmsfSp°m≥ ]d™p. 4 FÆØns\ sImt∂ A—≥ acn°q, tijw \n߃ hcp∂Xv A\p `hn°pI F∂p ]d™p. aShmsfSp°m≥ A—≥ AItØ°p IS∂t∏mƒ F¥mWp kw`hn °p∂ F∂ `bØn¬ Rßsf√mw hmhn´edn. HSphn¬ A—≥ sIm≈°m¿°v Hmtcm ]d s\√pw Hmtcm Ddp∏nIbpw sImSpØv Fßs\sb¶nepw ]d™b®p. ta¬kw`hw Ign™v A©mwZnhkw F√mhcpw cm{Xn DuWpIgn™p InS∂p. c≠p Imh¬°msc At∏mtg°pw ho´n¬ \n¿Ønbncp∂p (Hcp am∏nfbpw Hcp \mbcpw). kpam¿ 10 aWn°v Ipsd am∏nfam¿ hmƒ, tXm°v, Ip¥w F∂nhbpambn h∂vImh¬°mc≥ \mbsc ASn °pIbpw s\√pIpØp∂ De° FSpØv IXIn\v IpØpIbpw sNbvXp. ]pdØp InS∂ncp∂ Imh¬°mc≥ IrjvW≥\mb¿ hmXn¬ Xpd°n≥ As√¶n¬ am∏nfam¿ Fs∂ sIm√psa∂v Dds° Aedns°m≠ncp∂p. CXptI´vhmXn¬ Xpd∂p. A—s\ Ah¿ Im¬, ssI, apJw F∂nh sI´n \neØphogvØn ]e t`Zyßfpw Gev]n®p. AXn\ptijw Ipsdt]¿ amfnIbn¬ Ibdn XpWn FÆbn¬ ap°n CS\mgnIbnepw a‰pw IØn®n´p. CXpI≠v R߃ \nehnfn°m≥ XpS ßn. ho´nse kIe kma{KnIfpw Ah¿ ISØns°m≠pt]mbn. ]ns∂ apIfn¬\n∂p XmgØp h∂pt\m°nbt∏mƒ A—≥ _‘\Øn¬ an≠phm≥t]mepw hømsX InS°p∂XmWv I≠Xv. tZlamkIew hndbv°p∂p≠mbncp∂p.
Aßs\ Ipd®pZnhkw Ign™v A—s‚bpw B Awiw A[nImcnbsSbpw Xe thWsa∂p ]d™p\S°p ∂Xmbn R߃° dnhp In´nb DSs\ A—s\ F√mZnhkhpw ]I¬ apgph≥ X´ns‚ apIfn¬ Hfn∏n°pw. cm{Xn s\√ns‚ CSbn¬ ]mSØv XWpØphnd®p Ign®pIq´pw.
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Cßs\ Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Bcpw AdnbmsX Rßsf√mhcpw Im´n¬IqSn \S∂p\S∂p s]cn ¥¬aÆbn¬ FØnt®¿∂p. Hcp h¿jw s]cn¥¬aÆbn¬ Ign®pIq´n. At∏mtg°pw elf Hs´m∂p ian®Xn\mepw A{Ian® am∏nfam¿ in£n°s∏´Xn\mepw R߃ IpSpw_ktaXw P\n® \m´nte°p Xs∂ Xncn®pt]m∂p. Fkv.sI. ]n. cma≥\ºqXncn, ]´mºn 1921 BKÃv amkw Hcp Znhkw ImeØv]ØpaWntbmSpIqSn tdmUn¬\n∂vGXm\pw Nne¿ kwLambn Cdßp∂Xv Fs‚ A—≥ I≠p. A—≥ AXpI≠v ]cn{`an®v F√mhscbpw ho´n\ IØm°n hmXneS®ncn°pIbpw A—s‚ A\pP\mb \oeIWv T≥\ºqXncntbmSvBscsb¶nepw hnfn®psIm≠ph∂vB]Øn¬\n∂p c£s∏SpØm≥ ]d™p. At±lw Ipd®pZqcw t]mbt∏mƒ Xm≥ am{Xw c£s∏Sp∂Xp icnbs√∂pw hcp∂ B]ØvF√mh¿°pw Hcpan®v A\p`hn°msa ∂pd®v C√tØ°p Xs∂ aSßn. elf°m¿ ImØncp∂p. Fs‚ A—t\mSv]Ww Bhiys∏Sp Ibpw ]pdØps]´ \oeIWvT≥\ºqXncnsb ZmcpWamwhn[w a¿±n°pIbpw sNbvXp. A—≥ Ipd®pcq] P\egnbneqsS C´psImSpØp. elf°m¿ AXpsIm≠p Xr]vXns∏SmsX ho≠pw \oeIWvT≥\ºqXncnsb a¿±n®p. hmXnen¬ i‡nbmbn tImSmen D]tbmKn®p sh´m\pw XpS ßn. sh´nbXns‚ ]mSpIƒ Ct∏mgpw ImWmhp∂XmWv. kpam¿ Hcp aq∂caWntbmsS ]´mfw hcp∂psh∂ kqN\ e`n®t∏mƒ Ahsc√mw ]ncn™pt]mbn. aq∂p\mepamkw Ign™t∏mƒ sIm≈°mcpsS a¿±\ta‰ \oeIWvT\ºqXncn acn®p. F≥. hnimem£n AΩ, Icn°mSv RßfpsS hµyamXmhv \{ºØv Imfn AΩ 1921se Jnem ^Ønse hfscb[nIw ZpcnXw A\p`hn® hy‡nbmWv. elfbn¬ AΩsb aXwam‰pIbpw tZtlm]{Zhhpw sNøpIbpap≠m bn. aXwam‰nb AhkcØn¬ AΩbpsS t]¿ ]mØpΩ F∂mbncp∂p. A—\pw Jnem^Øn¬ hfscb[nIw _p≤nap´nbn´p≠v. hfscb[nIw ]cp°pIƒ A—\pw G‰n´p≠v. ]n.sI. cma≥Ip´n, DucIw tateapdn, ae∏pdw 1921se am∏nfelfbpsS Zpc¥^e߃ XnI®pw A\p`hn®n´p≈ F\n°v Iem]w\S∂ ImeØv 41 hbv {]mbamWv. A∂p \√ BtcmKyhm\pw A[zm\ioe\pambncp∂p Rm≥. hf scb[nIw IjvS\jvSßf\p`hnt°≠nh∂n´p≈ F\n°nt∏mƒ 93 hbmbn. kw`hw \S∂ ImeØv Rm\pw IpSpw_hpw ]m¿Øph∂ncp∂Xv ItSmSØv ]dºv F∂ ÿeØmbncp∂p. elf°m¿ hcp∂ps≠∂ Dulmt]mlw \mSmsI]c∂p. At∏mƒ ChnSsØ Hcp [\mVy\mb Ip‰n∏pdØv]Wn°sc aX]cnh¿Ø\Øn\pw hoSpsIm≈sNøp∂Xn\pambn I√maqebn¬\n∂pw Ip™lΩXv lmPnbpw Iq´pImcpw s]mSnbm´v \n∂v (ae∏pdw ta¬apdn) Hcp kwLw ]pds∏´pshs∂mcp hm¿Ø Im´pXot]mse ]c∂p.Ign™X\pkcn®v \√ Btcm Kyhm∑mcmb \qtdmfw lnµpbphm°ƒ Ip‰n∏pdw ]Wn°cpsS hoSv Im°p∂Xn\mbn G¿∏mSv sNbvXncp∂p. A°q´Øn¬ Rm\pw D≠mbncp∂p. Fs‚ IpSpw_°m¿ elf°msc `b∂v ae ∏pdw ]´mfIymºn\p kao]w ]m¿∏n®p. Ipd®pZnhkw Ign™t∏mƒ Ipd®p ap…owIsf IqSn Imhent\¿s∏SpØpIbpw AhcpsS \mbIXzw hln°p∂Xn\v ]mW°ms´ Hcp XßsfIq´n s°m≠ph∂m°pIbpw sNbvXp. c≠mgv N Ign™t∏mƒ X߃ HcSnb¥cmhiyw ]d™v]mW °mt´°v ]nt‰Znhkw Xs∂ hcmsat∂‰pt]mbn. At∂ Znhkw Xs∂Imh¬ \n∂ncp∂ ap…o wIfpw Hmtcm ImcWw]d™v ÿewhn´p. A∂pcm{Xn kpam¿ 10 aWntbmSpIqSn sIm≈°m¿
Rßsf hf™p. kwLØn¬c≠pshSn, ap∂qtdmfw t]cp≠mbncp∂p. elf°m¿ ]Sn∏pcbv °¬ FØn bt∏mƒ XpSscØpSscbmbn ]Sn∏pcbpsS ASpØp≠mbncp∂ Fc™nacØnte°p h®p. Bfn°Øp∂ B\∏¥ßƒ Db¿Øn∏nSn®pw N°ns‚ IW tXmfnte¥nbpw kemØpw
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sNm√n BfpIƒ XpcpXpcm {]hln®pXpSßn. Imh¬°mcmbn \n∂ncp∂ Rßfpw B ho´n se kv{XoIfpw Ip´nIfpw ]pcpj∑mcn¬ Nnecpw A¥whn´v \mep]mSpw HmSn. R߃ \mept]¿ (1. ]pg°≥ tNmbn, 2. ]pg °¬ Ip™q´n, 3. t]md ØmSn Xman, 4. ]Sn™md≥ I≠≥ cma≥Ip´n) F∂nh¿ Hcp hgn°mWv HmSnbXv. cm{Xn Ipd®Isebp≈ Hcp Ip∂n≥apIfn¬ Ign®pIq´n. c≠p Znhkw ]ns∂bpw R߃ \m´n¬Øs∂ Np‰n∏‰n Ign™pIqSn. ap…o߃ CfInhcp∂ps≠∂pw lnµp°sfI≠m¬ hnSns√∂pw \n¿_‘n®p aX]cn h¿Ø\w sNøn°p∂ps≠∂pw ae∏pdw ta¬ apdnbnse Hcp [\mVy\mbncp∂ Hcp tiJctat\ms\ aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNbvXpsh∂pap≈ hm¿Ø \msSßpw ]c∂p. AtXmsS ho´nep≠mbncp∂ k¿∆kzhpw Dt]£n®vR߃ GXm\pw BfpIƒ kwLambnae∏pdtØ°p ]pds∏´p. k‘y abßnbXn¬]ns∂bmWvR߃ ]pds∏´Xv. hgnat≤y ae∏pdw AwiØns‚ ]Sn™mdvÿnXn sNøp∂ FtS∏mew F∂p ]d™phcp∂ ÿeØv Hcp kwLw BfpIƒ \n∂ncp∂p. R߃ ASpsØØnbt∏mƒ Ah¿ RßfpsS Iq´Ønte°p NmSnhoWp. HmtcmcpØcpsSbpw ssI]n Sn®p\n¿Øn ssIbnep≠mbncp∂ k©nbpw aSnbp w F√mw ]cntim[n®p. In´nb ]Ww X´nsbSp Øp. ]cntim[\bn¬ s]SmØhcmbn BcpwXs∂ Ahtijn®ncp∂n√. RßfpsSIq°Øn¬ AhtcmSv FXn¿Ø \memfpIsf Ah¿ _eambn ]nSn®p\n¿Øn (1. tNcq¿°mc≥ XSØn¬ Ip™ns∏ch≥, 2. ]mtdΩ¬ ]pc °¬ cma≥Ip´n sshZy¿, 3 Dw 4 Dw DucIw kztZinIfmb \mb∑mcmbncp∂p). Rßsf ]cntim[n®Xn\ptijw ]pdØp X√pIbpw ]rjvS`mKØv Nhn´p Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≠v HmSns\Sm F∂v Bt{Imin®v Poh\pw sImt≠mSn. R߃Ip∂pIbdn. Ip∂n≥ap Ifn seØn Xncn ™p t\m°nbt∏mƒ I≠ ImgvN lrZbs`ZIambncp∂psh¶nepw R߃ Pohn°m\p≈ BibsIm≠v bmsXm∂pw sNbvXn√. RßfpsS Iq´Øn¬\n∂p XS ™ph®ncp∂hsc \neØpInSØn GXm\pw BfpIƒ ssIImepIƒ Aa¿Øn∏nSn®v \ofap≈ hmƒsIm≠v IgpØn¬ aqcp∂XpI≠v ho≠pw HmSn ae∏pdØv RßfpsS IpSpw_߃ ]m¿Ø h∂ncp∂ ÿesØØnt®¿∂p. CØcØn¬ ]e`mKØp\n∂pw elf°msc `b∂vHmSnsbØnb \qdn¬∏cw IpSpw_߃ PohnXw ap´nbt∏mƒ aS∏pdw tIm´∏Sn°¬ ÿnXnsNøp∂ k{XØn¬ hcm≥ ]d™X\pk cn®v R߃ Xncn®pt]m∂p. ASpØZnhkw k{XØn¬ sN∂p. [mcmfw Acn AhnsSbp≠mbn cp∂p. apXn¿∂h¿°v \mgnbpw Ip´nIƒ°v Dcnbpw hoXw Acn X∂psIm≠ncp∂p. CXv Bdpam kßtfmfw XpS¿∂p. C\n elfsb√mw Aa¿∂ncn°sIm≠v F√mh¿°pw \m´n¬ t]mIphm \p≈ Iev]\ In´n. D≈n¬ `bhpambn kIpSpw_w \m´nte°p Xncn®p. ho´nseØnt®¿∂t∏mƒ ho´nep≠mbncp∂ k¿∆kzhpw sIm≈bSn®Xmbn ImWm≥ Ign ™p. InfnIp∂pΩ¬ Nman, Xqhq¿ Fs‚ ho´n¬\n∂v ap≠\ΩmSn sambvXp Fs∂ ]nSn®p sIm≠pt]mbn. kpam¿ 40˛¬]cw lnµp°sf sh´ns°m∂n´ Xqhqcnep≈ s]mt´ßm´v InW‰nte°v ssI c≠pw ]n∂nte°v sI´n bmWp sIm≠pt]mbXv. A∂v F\n°v kpam¿ 16 hbp≠v. B InWdn\v ASpØp Xmakn °p∂ s]mt´ßm´v skbvXehnIp´nlmPn Fs∂ I≠p. Abmƒ ssI Agn®phnSm≥ ]d™p. Aßs\bmWv Rm≥ c£s∏´Xv. tIm¬t°mØv DÆn°pamc≥ \mb¿, t]mÃv ]pØqcv, hgn˛sImSph≈n, tImgnt°mSv Pn√, 14˛11˛1973 Fs‚ {]tZiamb s]Æ°m´v ]pØq¿ F∂ ÿeØv 1097 Xpemw amkØnemWv elfh
∂ Xv. AXn¬ap…o߃ Fs‚ IpSpw _Øn¬s∏´hcpw Fs‚ Ab¬hmkn Ifn¬s∏ ´hcp amb A\h[n lnµp°sf sh´ns°m√p∂Xv F\n°p ImWm≥ Ign™n´p≠v . Cu ]cnXÿnXnbn¬ Rm\pw IpSpw_hpw Fs‚ ho´n¬\n∂pw GXm≠v 20 ssatemfw AIsebp≈ tImgnt°mSv
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]pXnbd F∂ ÿeØv tXccv I≠nbn¬ F∂ ho´n¬ A`bw{]m]n®p. RßfpsS Cu `bt∂m´Øn¬ kz¥w s]ß∑mcmb \mcmbWnbΩ, IeymWnbΩ F∂n hcpw ]s¶SpØncp∂p. Cu Iem]w ChnsS 9 amktØmfw \o≠p\nev°pIbpw AXn¬∏ns∂ R߃ aSßnsbØnbt∏mƒ F\n°vAhImis∏´Xpw Fs‚ kz¥w ho´n¬ D≈Xpamb ]eXpw F\n°v Fs∂t∂°pambn \jvSw hcnIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. ]nemtØm´Øn¬ tNmbn, t]mÃv ]pØqcv, hgn˛sImSph≈n, tImgnt°mSv Pn√, 15˛11˛1973 F\n°v 1997 XpemwamkØn¬ ChnsS h¿§obIem]w \S°ptºmƒ 21 hbtmfw {]mbam bncp∂p. lnµp°ƒ°p≠mbncp∂ kzØp°sf Ih¿®sNbvsXSp°pIbpw Ahsc sskzcambn Pohn°m\\phZn°msX amcImbp[ßfpambn ]n≥XpScpIbpw sNbvXXn\mepw ChnsS Pohn °m≥ `bap≈Xn\mepw Rm\pw A—\pw AΩbpw A\pP∑m¿ c≠mƒ°pw Hcp tPyjvT\pw Hcp s]ßfpw IqSn Fs‚ ho´n¬\n∂v GXm≠v 15ssatemfw Zqscbp≈ tImaØpNmen¬ Cºn®ym Øphns‚ ho´n¬ A`bw {]m]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. IqSmsX F\n°v \√hÆw ]cnNbap≈h\pw Fs‚ kvt\lXn\pamb \mbcpI≠n sNdn tbma≥ \StIdntNmbn F∂nhsc ap…o߃ ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn \mImfoImhn¬ F∂ ÿeØp h®v Kft—Zw sNbvXXmbpw F\n°p ]dbm≥ Ignbpw. 9 amkw Ign™v h¿§obIem]w GXm≠v Ahkm\n®p F∂ hnhcwIn´n Rm\pw Fs‚ htbm[nIcmb A—\Ωamcpw aSßnsbØnbt∏mƒ Rm≥ Xmakn®ncp∂ ]nemtØm´Øn¬ F∂ hoSv ap…o߃ Xoh®p \in∏n°pIbpw a‰p ]e km[\ßfpw \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvXXmbpw I≠p. Aø\mØv ao\m£n AΩ, Ccpsh‰n Awiw tZiw 1921¬ \neºq¿ tImhneIØph®v am∏nfam¿ Fs‚ `¿Ømhmb ]p√n°pØv A®pX≥\m bsc sIm√pIbpw Fs∂ ]e t`Zyßfpw sNøpIbpw D≠mbn. CXv At\zjn°phmt\m h√ c£bpw sNøphmt\m CXphscbpw Bscbpw I≠n√. F\n°v Ct∏mƒ 80 hbmbn. hn. DÆocn takv{Xn, He]Øq¿ FtÉv, Im°hbe elfbpsS hnhcadn™v Hcp Znhkw cm{Xn Fs‚ ho´nse kv{XoIfpw Rm\S°w Ip´n Ifpw A©pssa¬ Zqscbp≈ Ftf‰n¬ F∂ÿeØp≈ AΩmhs‚ ho´nte°p Xmakwam‰n. Ipd®pZnhkw Ign™t∏mƒ RßfpsS hoSvelf°m¿ am∏nfam¿ IØn®pIf™Xmbn A—≥ ]d™p. ho≠pw R߃ amdnØmakn°m≥ \n¿_‘nXcmbn. c£bns√∂ \nebnembt∏mƒ B ho´nep≈hcpw RßfpsS IqsS B kabØp≠mbncp∂ a‰p ]e ÿeßfn¬\n∂pw A` bwtXSnb \qdntesd BfpIfpwAhnsS\n∂p aq∂pssae AIsebp≈ (]Sn™mdv) s\Sb\mSv hSs° Nmen¬ F∂ RßfpsS Hcp A∂ _‘phns‚ ho´nte°v amdnØmakn®p. A∂p apXn¿∂h¿ ]´mf°mcpsS IqsS elfÿetØ°v s]mbvs°m≠ncp∂Xmbn Hm¿°p∂p. AXn \nSbv°v aq∂p InW‰n¬ \ndsb lnµp°sf sh´nØ≈nbXmbn Adn™p. the∏≥ Fs∂m cmƒ Fßs\tbm ssIbnep≈ sI´gn®vHcp h≈nbn¬ ]nSn®p. (a\pjysc sh´nhogv Ønb InW ‰n¬\n∂p c£s∏´n´p≠v). Ibdptºmƒ A¿≤Poh\p≈h¿ Fs∂bpw Ib‰ns°m≠pt]m F∂p Zb\o bambn \ne hnfn®Xv Abmƒ C∂pw Hm¿°p∂p. K¿`nWnIfmb kv{XoIfpw sImesNø s∏´n´p≠v. Ipd®pZnhkw Ign™t∏mƒ Fs‚ A—s‚ A\pP≥Ip™ma≥ Fs∂mcmƒ tImgnt°mSv hb\mSv tdmUn¬ 22˛mw ssaen¬ I≈pjm∏v \SØns°m≠ncn°sh elf°m¿ Hcp cm{Xnbn¬
h∂p jm∏n¬\n∂pw hnfn®nd°n tdmUcnIn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn sh´n°mes∏SpØn. aXnenße Ip©nbΩ, XqX, ae∏pdw Pn√, 19˛10˛1973
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am∏nfelfbn¬ B\aßm´p\n∂pw A©pt]sc sh´ns°m∂p. AXn¬ Fs‚ AΩmh≥ aXnen߬ cmhpÆn\mbcpw s]Spw. A∂vGItZiw 50 hbmbn°mWpw. ZmcpWamwhn[w acn® A©pt]cpsSbpw arXicoc߃ Rm≥ (Ct∏mƒ 70 hbv) I≠p. C. tNmbn°p´n, FS∏SØn¬, t]mÃvsN\°eßmSn, tX™n∏mew Fs‚ A—≥ FS∏SØn¬ Ip™n°p´n 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ am∏nfam¿ sh´ns°mes∏ SpØpIbpw ho´nep≠mbncp∂ ]e km[\ßfpw IfhpsNbvXpsIm≠pt]mhpIbpw sNbv Xp. hmIysØmSn cmhpÆn\mb¿, Du¿ßm´ncn, ae∏pdw Pn√ elf°meØv Fs∂°qSmsX ho´n¬ A—≥ them\mb¿, AΩ \mcmbWn AΩ, s]߃ e£van AΩ, e£van AΩ bpsS `¿Ømhv h√p\mb¿ F∂nh¿ am{XamWp≠mbncp∂Xv. Cu \m´pImcpw A\y\m´pImcpamb elf°m¿ tN¿∂p lnµp°fmb Irjn°mcpsSbpw a‰pw hoSv sIm≈sNbvXv s\√v, ]Ww, ]≠߃, a‰p km[\߃ F∂nh X´ns°m≠pt]mbn. Cßs\ aq∂ph´w XßfpsS hoSv B{Ian°s∏´p. Cu AhkcØn¬ elfØeh\mb sambvXo≥Ip´n lmPn IcphØn√Øv Xmakam°n. ]etcmSpw AhnsS sN√phm≥ Bsf Ab®p. B Iq´Øn¬ Fs‚s]ßfpsS `¿Ømhv h√p\m b¿, tIm¬°mc≥ ]t\mØv tIih≥\mb¿, Ipamc≥ \mb¿, tNem´v i¶c≥\mb¿, IpIpcocn tKm]me≥ \mb¿ apXembh¿ Hcpan®p sN√pIbpw sNbvXp. AhtcmSv C…mwaXw kzoIcn °m≥ \n¿_‘n°pIbpw AXn\v Ah¿ hgßmØXn\m¬ sh´m≥ \n¿Ønb kwLØnte°p X≈ns°m≠pt]mbn ]pg°¬h®vsh´ns°m√pIbpamWp≠mbXv . Cu hnhcw B Iq´Øn¬\n∂v Fßs\tbm c£s∏´ IpIpcocn tKm]me≥\mb¿ aSßnh∂p ]d™t∏mgmWv R߃°dn bm≥ km[n®Xv. AXn\ptijw sambvXo≥Ip´n lmPnbpsS Bƒ°m¿ h∂p _m°nbp≈hsc aXwam‰phm≥ \n¿_‘n®p. A√mØ]£w a‰p≈h¿°p≠mb A\p`hw \n߃°pap≠mIpsa∂p ]d™p KXy¥cans√∂p I≠t∏mƒ R߃ F√mhcpw C…mwaXw kzoIcn®p. RßfpsS Xesam´b Sn°pIbpw \nkvImcI¿Ω߃ ]Tn∏n°m≥ Hcp ap…oans\ G¿∏mSp sNøpIbpw sNbvXp. B Iq´Øn¬ kp∂Øv Ign°Wsa∂pw RßtfmSp ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu kw`h߃°ptijw FShÆ ]´mfw h∂ hnhcw Adn™vR߃ F√mhn[ kzØp °fpw Dt]£n®v A¿≤cm{Xn°v ho´n¬\n∂v ]pds∏´v FShÆ FØn. k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Ip™n°Æ≥ R߃°v Blmchpw hkv{Xhpw \¬In c£s∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp. c≠pam ktØmfw Aßs\ AhnsS Ign®pIq´n. elf Ahkm\n®Xn\ptijamWv R߃ \m´nte°p Xncn®ph∂Xv. Cu AhkcØn¬ R߃°p Pohn°∂Xn\p bmsXm∂pw D≠mbncp∂n√. F√mw elf°m¿ sIm≠pt]mIpIbpw \in∏n°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. sI.Sn. hnimem£n AΩ, IÆawKew, ae∏pdw Pn√ 15 ˛10 ˛1973 1921se am∏nfelfbn¬ ZpcnXa\p`hn® lnµp°fpsS Hcp I¨sh≥j≥ hnfn®pIq´n F∂pw AXn¬h®v `mhn]cn]mSnIƒ°mbn Hcp kanXn cq]oIcn®ncn°p∂p F∂pw 1973HIvtSm_¿ 13\v at\mcabn¬ I≠ ZpcnXa\p`hn® Rßsft∏msebp≈h¿ kt¥mjn°p∂p. Fs‚ ho´n¬ ]gb Gd\mSv Xmeq°v IÆawKew AwiØnse tXm∂nbn¬ elf°m¿ kwLSn®v Xmakam °pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. R߃ elf XpSßnb DSs\Xs∂ F√mw Hgn®v Hcp sIm√Øne [nIw Imew A∂sØ sIm®n≥tÉnep≈ Xncphnezmaebnembncp∂p A`bm¿∞nIfmbn Xma
kn®ncp∂Xv. \m´n¬ aSßnh∂t∏mƒ F√mw \in® \nebnemWv I≠Xv . sI. tKmhnµ≥\mb¿, Ingt°SØv hoSv, t]mÃv tNdq¿,
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ae∏pdw 15˛10˛1973 Fs‚ AΩ bpsS apØ»nsbbpw AΩmh s\bpw elf°m¿ sh´ns°m∂p. apØ»nbpsS B{inXbmbn C\n AΩbmWp≈Xv. AΩmhs‚ a°ƒ c≠pt]cpw Pohn®ncn°p∂p. sI.Sn. am[h≥\mb¿, sIb¿ Hm^v sI.Sn. i¶c≥\mb¿ e£vaohnemkv, t]mÃv \oteizcw, hgn sImSph≈n, tImgnt°mSv 24˛10˛1973 Fs‚ tPyjvTktlmZc≥ \oteizcw AwiwtZiØv Xobcv sXmSnIbn¬ tKm]me≥\m bsc ASpØ Awiamb ]pØqcnse \mKmfnImhv F∂ ÿeØph®v elf°m¿ sh´ns°me s∏SpØn. AXn\ptijw IpSpw_Øn¬ hr≤bmb amXmhpw ssa\¿amcmb Hcp tPyjvT\pw Rm\pw am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p≈q. AtX sIm√Øn¬ amXmhv acn®p. AXn\ptijw a‰p am¿K ßfn√msX Rm≥ ]e \mSpIfnepw Np‰nØncnbpIbmbncp∂p. tPyjvT≥ \m´n¬Øs∂ ]ecp sSbpw klmbtØmsS Ign ™p. Ct∏mƒ tPyjvT≥ IpSpw _ktaXw \ote izcw Awi Øn¬Øs∂ Xmakn°p∂p. 57 hbmb Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Ipd®pImeambn tPyjvTs‚ kwc£ WØnemWv. F\n°p kz¥ambn Hcp Xp≠p `qantbm a‰p kºmZyßtfm C√. AXn\p]pdsa Rm≥ tcmKn bpam Wv. am∏n fe lfbn¬ sIm√s∏´hcpsS AXns‚ {]tbmP\w F\n°pwIqsS A\p`hs∏SpØnØcphm≥ hW°ambn At]£n°p∂p. N°n߬sXmSnbn¬ IeymWn AΩ, t]mÃv ]pXp∏dºv, ae∏pdw, 19˛10˛1973 1921se am∏nfelf D≠mb ImeØv F\n°v 25 hbv {]mbap≠mbncp∂p. Xm\qcn\SpØv \∂{º hnt√Pn¬ sXmSnbn¬ ]dºn¬Ip™p°p´nAΩbpSbpw FtfSØv cma≥\mbcpsSbpw aIfmb Fs‚ `¿Ømhv tImgnt°mSvPn√bnse Ccph≈q¿ AwiØn¬ InfnbØtd¬ cma≥\m bcmWv. ae_m¿ Iem]ImeØv F\n°v c≠p Ip´n Ifp≠mbncp∂p. F´phbmb Hcp B¨Ip™pw aq∂phbmb s]¨Ip™pw. RßfpsS {]tZiØv B{IaWw \S∂t∏mƒ R߃ Xm\q¿ Xoh≠n B∏nknte°v HmSn. Xebn√mØ F{Xtbm arXicocßsf Nhn´nsa Xn®psIm≠mWv R߃ HmSnbXv. HmSp∂ kabØv ssIbn¬ In´nbhscsb√mw elf°m¿ sh´n hogvØn. Iq´ Øn¬ Fs‚ A— s\bpw F´p hbv {]mb amb Fs‚ Ip™n s\bpw, kv{XoIsf Ah¿ _eambn ]nSn®psIm≠pt#m]bn . Aßs\ Hcp hn[Øn¬ R߃sdbn¬th tÃj\nseØn. AhnsS\n∂pw R߃ Xoh≠nam¿§w Xriqcnte°p t]mbn. Xriq¿ Aºe Øn\SpØp≈ Hcp ho´n¬ Rm\pw Fs‚ `¿Ømhpw Xmakn®p. GItZiw \mepamktØmfw B ho´n¬ Xmakn®p. AhnsS FØnb R߃°vAcnbpw ap≠pw F√mw kuP\yambn In´nbn cp∂p. AhnsS\n∂v R߃ tImgnt°mt´°mWv t]mbXv. tImgnt°mSv It®cnbn¬ Ipd®pZn hkw Xmakn®p. ]n∂oSv elf Aev]w sI´mdnbt∏mƒ R߃ Xmakn®ncp∂ ÿetØ°p Xs∂ t]m∂p. h∂pt\m°nbt∏mƒ I≠ Imgv N Zb\obambncp∂p. hoSvXoh®p \in∏n®ncp∂p. ho´nep≠mbncp∂ ]m{Xßfpw a‰p kmam\ßfpsa√mw Ah¿ sIm≠pt]mbncp∂p. s]m´n°ShØv Ip™ns∏Æv, sIb¿ H^v ]n.sI. I≠cv, ]Sn™m‰pw apdn ]n.H., ae∏pdw 16 ˛10˛1973 Iq´neßmSn ]©mbØn¬ ]Sn™m‰papdn F∂ {]tZiØv elf°ncbmb [mcmfw IpSpw _ßfn¬ Hcp IpSpw_ambncp∂p Ft‚Xv . Fs‚ `¿Ømhns\ IgpØn¬ sh´phm≥ apXn¿∂Xpw shSnh®psIm√m≥ tXm°p Nq≠nbXpw shSnh®Xpw D∂wsX‰n a‰mfpIƒ°mWv sIm≠Xv. ho´n ep≈ km[\߃ sIm≈sNbvXXpw F√mw I≠hfmWv Rm≥. am´pΩ¬ thep°p´n, ]pXp]dºv ]n.H.F\n°v ae∏pdw, 18˛10˛1973 1921se am∏nfelf \S∂ ImeØv 22 hbv {]mbap≠mbncp∂p. A∂vHcp Znhkw Rm≥ hben¬ \neapgpXv D®bv°v I∏bpambn ho´nte°p t]mIptºmƒ HcpIq´w BfpIƒ
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Fs‚ Np‰pw hf™p. AXn¬ Hcmƒ Fs‚ ImXn¬ InS∂ncp∂ kz¿WØns‚ IΩ¬ Ducnsb SpØp. At∏mtg°pw a‰p≈h¿ hmfpsIm≠v Fs∂ sh´n. `mKyhim¬ B sh´v F\n°v G‰n√. A∏msS Rm≥ t]Sn®v \nehnfn®v HmSn. t\sc tIm´°¬ tImhneItØ°mWv HmSnbXv. GI tZiw elf sI´Sßp∂Xphsc AhnsS Hfn®ncp∂p. B AhkcØnemWv, tImgns®\ F∂ ÿeØv ]´mfIymºv h∂Xv. At∏mƒ Rm≥ aSßn ho´nte°pXs∂ t]m∂p. h∂pt\m°nb t∏mƒ ho´n\p≈nep≈sX√mw elf°m¿ Ih¿∂ncp∂p. hoSp IpØn\in∏n®ncp∂p. Fs‚ c≠p ImfIsf Ah¿ sh´ns°m∂ncp∂p. ]n. IrjvW≥\mb¿, Ip∂Øv Ipgnbn¬ hoSv, ]n.H. at©cn 3˛11˛1973 Rm≥ ]pXnb ae∏pdwPn√bn¬ s]´ Gd\mSv Xmeq°v at©cn Awiw tZisØIp∂Øp Ipgn F∂ ho´n¬ \mb¿ kapZmbØn¬ P\n®p. A∂p acpa°Ømbambncp∂p. 1921¬ F\n°v 11 hbv {]mbw D≠v. Fs‚ amXm]nXm°ƒ F\n°v Hm¿Ωhbv°p∂Xn\p ap≥]pXs∂ acW s∏´p. Fs‚ AΩbv°v Rm\√msX thsd BcpwXpWbmbn D≠mbncp∂n√. ]gb k{ºZmb{] Imcw ho´n¬ D≠mbncp∂ \mev AΩmh∑mcpsSbpw henb—≥, sNdnbΩamcpsSbpw c£I¿Ør XzØnemWv hf¿∂Xv. ]q¿hnIamb `qkzØv H∂pwXs∂ C√. \mev AΩmh∑m¿°v t]meokv DtZymKhpw Hcp hoSpw am{XamWv D≠mbncp∂Xv. henbΩmh≥ t]menkn¬ slUvtIm¨Ã_n fmbncp∂p. Acot°mSmbncp∂p. 1921¬ A∂vt]menkns‚ tae[nImcnbmbncp∂ ae_m¿ Un.F kv.]n. lnt°m°v at©cnbn¬ Iymºv sNbvXncp∂p. Acot°mt´°v Bfb®v AΩmhs\ hcp Øn. ]nt‰Znhkw cmhnse Un.Fkv.]n.bpw AΩmh\pw a‰pNnecpw tN¿∂v XncqcßmSn°v kam [m\c£bv°msW∂p]dMvRv t]mbn. ]ns∂ AΩmhs\bpw thsd H∂pc≠mƒ°mscbpw sh´n s°m∂Xmbpw, a‰p≈h¿˛ kmbv∏S°w˛ HmSnc£s∏´XmbpamWvhm¿Ø h∂Xv. AXns‚ ^e ambn ]gb ISw \nanØw hoSv hn‰pt]mIpIbpw _m°n AΩmh∑m¿°v DtZymKw \jvSs∏ Sp Ibpw IpSpw_w A\mYamIpIbpw sNbvXp. kn.]n. _meIrjvW≥\mb¿, hm°mShoSv, Xr°pfw 14˛11˛1973 FhnsS inht£{XØn¬ elf°m¿ IS∂p hmXn¬ Nhn´ns]mfn®v, AIØpIS∂v ]qPm kmam\ßfpw inhs‚ ap≥]n¬ {]XnjvTn® Icn¶√psIm≠p≈ Imfsbbpw KW]Xnhn{Klw, HmSpIƒ apXembh X®ps]mfn®v\mi\jvS߃ D≠m°nbn´p≠v. ]qPmkmam\ßsf√mw Ah¿ FSpØpsIm≠pt]mbn. ]fl\m`≥ A[nImcn, ]pØq¿ am∏nfam¿ F√m hoSpIfpw Nn´tbmSpIqSn sIm≈sNbvXp. B {KmaØnepw ]cnkcØnep ap≈ ]{¥t≠mfw t£{X߃ ]q¿Æambn \in∏n®p. hn{Kl߃ X®pS®p. Fs‚ \mep _‘p°sfbpw aq∂p sNdpa °sfbpw am∏nfam¿ ]nSn®p hn[n ®p. B Awi Øn¬ 300˛¬ IpdbmsX BfpIƒ sIm√s∏´n´p≠v. c≠p InWdpIƒ apgph\mbpw Hcp InW¿ `mKnIambpw ihßsfs°m≠p \nd™p. Xoø kv{XoItfmSp sNbvX AXn{Ia߃ hnhcn°phm≥ Akm[yamWv. `¿ØmthmsSm∏w Hcp kv{Xosb ]nSn®p. `¿Ømhns\ sIm√pIbpw `mcysb am\`wKs∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp. aWnb≥ ]mtemfn IrjvW≥\mb¿, Xr∏\®n F\n°v 76 hbv {]mbamWv. 56 hbp≈ Hcp km[pkv{Xosb hnhmlw Ign°phm≥ am∏n
fam¿ Fs∂ \n¿_‘n®p. Xncn®vlnµpaXw kzoIcn®m¬ F√m‰ns\bpw sIm∂pIfbpsa∂h¿ `ojWns∏SpØn.
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At{Xth tWm? iIp\w \∂mbmepw ]pecpw hsc I°mdpt≠m?
am∏nfelf°mcpsS A{IaWØn¬\n∂v s]m∂m\nsb c£n°m≥ tIf∏Pn sNbvX kmlkn I{iaw kphnZnXamWt√m. Aßs\ elfbpsS bYm¿∞cq]w t\cn´p I≠dn™ At±lw elfsb sh≈]qim\p≈ {iasØ A[nt£]n®psIm≠p acn°p∂Xn\p sXm´pap≥]v tIk cnbn¬ FgpXnb teJ\amWv ChnsS D≤cn°p∂Xv. 1921¬ \S∂ am∏nfelfbpsS kph¿ÆPq_nen sIm≠mSphm\p≈ Xocpam\w ]cnlmkyw am{Xa√ AhnthIhpambnt∏mbn am∏nfamcpsS hnImcßsf {hWs∏SptØ≠ F∂ph®v am∏n felfbv°v ae_m¿ Iem]w F∂p t]cpsImSpØp F¶nepw A∂p \S∂ kw`hßsf√mw H∂p ]cntim[n°p∂Xmbm¬ AXn\pap≥]p \S∂ kw`hßsf√mw H∂p ]cntim[n°p∂Xm bm¬ AXn\pap≥]p \S∂ A≥]Xne[nIw am∏nfelfIfn¬\n∂p hyXymks∏´Xmbncp∂n√ HSphnesØ Cu elfbpw F∂p ImWmw 1921se elfbv°p Ipsd°qSn hym]vXnbp≠v. AXv Gd\mSv, h≈ph\mSv, s]m∂m\n Xmeq°pIfpsS Nne `mK߃, tImgnt°mSv Xmeq°ns‚ Ing
°≥{]tZi߃˛ {][m\ambnHm¿° \S∂Xv A≥]XpsIm√wap≥]v elf bnse kw`h߃ F∂nhnSßfnemWv kz¥w A\p`hØn¬\n∂pw W. sa¶n¬ Ah¿°n∂v 65\S∂ ˛70 hb s ¶nepw D≠mbncn°Ww. Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\w F¥msW∂pXs∂bpw AXns‚ I\IPq_nen C∂psIm≠mSp∂ A[nIwt]¿°pw Adnbmtam F∂pXs∂bpwkwibamWv. H∂mwtemIalmbp≤Øn¬ i‡\mb P¿Ω≥N{Ih¿Ønsb ]cmPbs∏SpØp∂Xn\v C¥ ybpsS ]cn]q¿Wklmbw {_n´\vBhiyambncp∂p. F∂m¬ bp≤w Bcw`n®v A[nIw Ignbp ∂Xn\pap≥]v Xp¿°n P¿Ω\nbpsS IqsS tN¿∂p. Xp¿°n kp¬Øm≥C…mwaXsØbpw apl ΩZobcpsS ]pWyÿeßsf c£n°m≥ ISs∏´ ^eo^bmbncp∂XpsIm≠pw {_n´ s\ klm bn°phm≥ kp¬Ømt\mSv bp≤wsNøp∂Xv aXØn\v FXncmb Hcp {]hrØnbmhpw. Aßs\ C¥y≥ap…o߃ Hcp [¿Ωk¶SØn¬s∏´p. {_n´njv N{Ih¿ØnbpsS {]Xn\n[nbmb C¥y sshktdmbn Hcp hnfw_cw {]kn≤s∏Sp Øn. AXn¬ hy‡am°nbncp∂p, Xp¿°nbpsS bp≤w aXkw_‘amb Hcp bp≤as√∂pw ap…o ßfpsS ]pWyÿetØ°v bmsXmcp B]Øpw t\cnSp∂Xs√∂pw, 1918¬ {_n´ojv {][m\ a{¥n tembnUv tPm¿Pv sshktdmbnbpsS hmKvZm\߃ Bh¿Ønd∏n®p. bp≤Øn¬ hnPbnI fmb {_n´\pw Iq´pImcpw hnPbelcnbn¬ hmKvZm\߃ F√mw ad∂p. {_n´¨ asÆÆ hnf bp∂ saks∏m´manb ssIhis∏SpØn. ap…oßfpsS ]pWyÿeßfp≈ Ad_nZzo]n¬ kndnb {^m≥kn\pw A\t‰mfnb C‰en°pw sImSpØp. s{Ibnpw kva¿Whpw bp≤Øn¬ ]¶n√mXn cp∂ {Kokn\pw c≠mbncw sIm√߃°pap≥]v PqX∑mcpsS A[o\Ønembncp∂ ]mekvXo≥ PqX∑m¿°pw sImSp°phm≥ Xocpam\n®p. Xp¿°nsb bqtdm∏n¬ XpS¿∂pt]mIm≥ A\phZn®p F¶nepw Ah¿°v henb ssk\yw ]mSns√∂p hn[n®p. ap…owtemItØmSp sNbvX hmKvZm\ ߃ F√mw Im‰n¬ ]d∏n®p. CXv ap…owtemIsØ AcniwsIm≈n®p. Xp¿°nsb ]cmPbs∏SpØm≥ X߃ klmbn®p F∂ A]cm[t_m[w C¥y≥ ap…o ßsf {_n´s\Xnsc F¥p XymKØn\pw k∂≤cm°m≥ ]cym]vXambncp∂p. 1920 sabv 28˛mw XobXn t_mws_bn¬h®pw Pq¨ BZyØn¬ Ael_mZn¬h®pw IqSnb Jnem^Øv tbmK ßfn¬ A\h[n lnµp {]am Wn Ifpw lmP cm bncp∂p. almflmKm‘n B tbmK߃s°√mw t\XrXzw sImSpØp. Pq¨ HSphn¬ C¥ybpsS F√m kwÿm\ßfn¬\n∂pambn sXmÆqtdmfw ap…ow{]amWnIƒ H∏n® Hcp Jnem^Øv ktµiw sshktdmbn°b®p. sshktdmbn th≠nh ∂m¬ cmPnh®pw C¥y≥ap…oßfpsS D{Kamb {]t£m`hpw {]Xntj[hpw {_n´ojv ]m¿esa‚n
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s\bpw a{¥namscbpw Adnbn®p. kam[m\ap≠m°nØcWsa∂pw AXn¬ Bhiys∏´ncp∂p. F√mw ]cmPbs∏Sp∂Xmbm¬ Kh¨sa‚pambn hn´phogvNbn√mØ \nlIcWØn¬ G¿s∏Spsa∂mbncp∂p ktµiØns‚ XmXv]cyw. tIcfØn¬ BKkvXv 1˛\v C¥y apgph≥ Jnem^Øv ZpxJZn\ambn BNcn°s∏´p. Km‘nPn ju°Ø entbmSpIqSn C¥y apgph≥ Np‰n 18˛\v Ah¿ tImgnt°mSpw kµ¿in®p. tImgnt°mSv IS∏pd Øph®v Ah¿ c≠pt]cpw {]kwKn®p. tImgnt°mSv ]uc∑m¿ 25000 cq]bpsS Hcp ]W°ngn Jnem^Øv ^≠nte°p kΩm\n®p. F¶nepw Hcp h°ose¶nepw {]mIvSokv \n¿ØpIbp≠m bn√. ASpØ tIm¨{Kns‚ Hcp {]tXyI tbmKw I¬°Øbn¬h®p tN¿∂p. \nlIcW {]ÿm\w AwKoIcn®p. tIcfØn¬ A°meØvJnem^Øv {]ÿm\Øn¬ kPohambncp∂p. I¬°Ø tIm¨{Kn\ptijw {io. cmPtKm]memNmcn, tUmIvS¿ Fkv.Fkv. cmP≥, apØp km ln_v XpS ßnb t\Xm °ƒ tImgn t°mSv IS ∏p dØv Hcp h≥]n® tbmKw tN¿∂p. h°o¬tPmen hn´n´ns√¶nepw Jnem^Øn\pth≠n {]Nmcthe sNøm≥ cmPmPn h°oe∑msc t{]cn∏n®p. Gd\m´nepw s]m∂m\nbnep w hfscb[nIw tbmKßfn¬ {io.bp. tKm]metat\m≥, sI. am[h≥\mb¿ XpSßnb h°oe∑m¿ ]s¶SpØp. 1920 Unkw_dn¬ tN¿∂ \mK∏q¿ tIm¨{Kn\ptijamWvh°o¬ Sn.B¿. IrjvWkzman Aø¿, bp. tKm]metat\m≥ XpSßnb h¿ tImSXn _lnjvIcn®Xv. Im^dnßsf XI¿Øm≥ kz¿§w In´pw? ae_mdnse \nlIcW{]ÿm\w A{IaØnte°p IS°msX kq£n°pI A{X Ffp ∏ambncp∂n√. ae_mdn¬ AXn\pap≥]vA≥]Xntesd am∏nfelfIƒ D≠mbn´p≠v . Cu el fIsf√mw Xs∂ Gd\mSv Xmeq°nemWv D≠mbn´p≈Xv. Cu elfIƒ°v ImcW߃ ]eXm bncp∂psh¶nepw lnµp°sf sImes∏SpØnbXn\pw AhcpsS hoSp sIm≈sNbvXXn\pw Hcp {]_eamb ImcWw Im^ndßsf sIm∂m¬, AhcpsS t£{X߃ X√n DS®m¬, Ahsc aXw am‰nbm¬, kz¿§w In´psa∂p am∏nfamcpsS Dd® hnizmkambncp∂p. Fd\mSv am∏nfam¿ A[zm\ioecmWv F∂mepw Pohn°m≥ aXnbmb hcpam\an√. henb P∑nam¿ A[nIhpw lnµp°fmWv. Hcp Im´pI≠n ]dºv Nm¿Øn hmßn A[zm\n®vsXßn≥sX Iƒ h®v ^etØmSSp°ptºmƒ AXv P∑n ta¬®m¿ØpsImSp°p∂p F∂ncn°s´. B IpSn bms‚ \ncmi F¥mbcn°pw, ]ns∂ F¥n\p Pohn°Ww? a‰p Nnescbpw Iq´p]nSn®v PnlmZv hnfnbpambn Ah¿ P∑nsb B{Ian °p∂p. Ahn sSbp ≈hsc sIm√p∂p. lmenfIn hgnbn¬ ImWp∂ lnµp°sf Zo\n¬ tNc°p∂p. As√¶n¬ sIm√p∂p. HSphn¬ h√ t£{Xßfn¬ Ibdn°qSp∂p. s]meokpw ]´mfhpw hcpw. Ahsc shSnh®psIm√pw. s\mbºpImeßfnemWv A[nIhpw elfIƒ D≠mImdv. kz¿§Ønte°mWh¿ t]mhpI. AhnsSbp≈ ]cam\µhpw ChnSsØ IjvS∏mSpw ]´nWnbpw Hm¿Ø¬ acWw Hc\p{KlamWv. Cu A‘hnizmk߃ C∂p \ne hn¬ \n¬°p∂p F∂Xn\p sXfnhs√ cmaknwls‚bpw At±lØns‚ A\pPs‚bpw aXwam dnb A\pPs‚ `mcybmb A¥¿P\Øns‚bpw. AhcpsS AΩ bpsSbpw a‰pw sIme]mXIw! A‘bmb aXhnizmkØns‚ ^eambncp∂p ae_m¿Iem]Øn\p ap≥]p \S∂ A[nIw am∏n felIfpw. Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\w ASn®a¿Øm\mWv ae_mdnse `cWm[nImcnIƒ Xocpam\n®Xv.
P¿ Ω≥bp≤Øns‚ ^eambn {_n´s‚ ]´mfw an°hmdpw HSpßnbncn°p∂p. AXpsIm≠v A{I awsIm≠pXs∂ {_n´s\ ]cmPbs∏SpØmsa∂pw Jnem^Øv t\Xm°ƒ ]ecpw hnizkn®p. \nlIcW{]ÿm\w AlnwkmflIambnØs∂ XpS¿∂pt]mIWsa∂ \n¿_‘w sIm≠m
39
bncp∂p 1921 s^{_phcnbn¬ P\m_v bmIq_v lpssk\pw a‰pw ae_mdn¬ {]Nmcthebv°p h∂Xv. Ahsc {]Nmcthebv°A\phZn®n√. v At±lsØbpw bp. tKm]metat\m≥, sI. am[ h≥\mb¿, sambvXo≥tImb F∂o t\Xm°sfbpw _‘\ÿcm°n. a‰p tIm¨{Kkv {]h¿Ø Icbpw 144˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw XS™ncp∂p. 144˛mw hIp∏p ewLn®v A∂v XShpin£ A\p`hn ®hcn¬ Cu teJI\pw s]Spw. A∂sØ {]kn≤ Jnem^Øv {]h¿ØIcn¬ Hcmfmb Ben ap…ymcpw injy∑mcpw A{IacmlnXyØn¬ hnizkn®ncp∂n√. tIcfØnse lnµp ap…ow _‘w tIc f Ønep ≠m bncp∂ BZ yImseØ lnµpap…ow _‘w ChnsS hy‡amt°≠nbncn °p∂p. tIcfØnse lnµpcmPm°∑m¿ lnµpsh∂pw ap…ow F∂pw `mhn°msXbmWv ap…ow kapZmbtØmSp s]cpamdnbXv . kmaqXncncmPmhpw Nndbv °¬cmPmhpw a‰p cmPm°∑mcpw Ah¿°v F√mhn[ t{]m’ml\ßfpw \evInbncp∂p. Ip™menacbv°m¿ kmaqXncnbpsS I∏¬∏S\m bI\mbncp∂p. h≈ph\mSp cmPmhns‚ `WvUmcw kq£n∏pImcnepw am∏nfam¿ D≠mbncp∂p. ChnsS lnµp°fpsS aX]cnh¿Ø\Øn\pw `qansIm≈bv °pw t{]cW\evInbXv sslZcpsSbpw Sn∏phns‚bpw A{IaWambncp∂p F∂p]dbp∂Xn¬ sX‰n√. AhcpsS hmgvNbpsS BsIØpI k¿Zm¿ sI.Fw. ]Wn°cpsS `mjbn¬ `cWX{¥Øns‚ I¿°iam¿§ßƒ apgph≥ Sn∏p {]tbmKn®v Xs‚ ssk\nIi‡nbpsS \njvTpcX apgph≥ ae_mdnse P\ßsf A\p`hn®pt\m°n. \ncmibpw tcmjhpwsIm≠v At±lw \mSmsI sIm≈n h®v \in∏n®p. lnµp°sf _ew{]tbmKn®p ap…oante°p tN¿Øp. cmPyamsI ssk\nI`cW Øn≥Iognse∂t]mse s]cpamdn. lnµp°fpw ap…oßfpw XΩnep≈ aXkv ]¿[bpw lnµp°sf C…mwaXØn¬ tN¿°m\p≈ t{]cWbpw Sn∏phns‚ ]Stbm´Øns‚ A\¥c^eamWv. bm°q_v lpssks\bpw Iq´pImscbpw 1921 BKÃv15˛mw XobXnbmWv Pbnen¬\n∂p hn´ Xv. A∂v IÆqcpw 16˛mw XobXn Xet»cnbpw 17˛mw XobXn tImgnt°mSpw e`n® kznIcW߃ AhnSßfn¬ ]≠p I≠n´n√mØ XcØnep≈hbmbncp∂p. tImgnt°mSv am\m©ndssaXm\w Np‰nt∏mb B tLmjbm{X IfIvS¿ an. tXmans‚bpw Un.Fkv.]n. an. ln®vtIm°ns‚bpw IÆpXpd∏n®p. 17, 18 XobXnIfnemWv am∏nf BIvSv {]ImcwFw.]n. \mcmbWtat\m≥, sN{º t»cn X߃, I´net»cn aplΩZv apken bm¿ XpSßnb F´pt]sc AdÃpsNøm≥ IfIvS¿ tXmakv Iev]\ ]pds∏Sphn®Xv. Xs‚hmd‚ v {]Imcw ]p≈nIsf AdÃpsNøm≥ an.tXmakv Xs∂ ]´mfhpambn ]pds∏´p. AsXmcp Akm[mcW\S]Snbmbncp∂p. 20\v ImeØv Ah¿ XncqcßmSnbn¬ FØn. Ignt° ]≈n hf™p. Cu h¿Øam\w Xm\q¿ XpSßnb{]tZißfn se√mw ]c∂Xv ap…o߃°v F{Xbpw {][m\s∏´ a{ºw]≈n ]´mf°m¿ shSnh®p \in∏n®p F∂bncp∂p. Xm\qcn¬\n∂pw hensbmcp kwLw am∏nfam¿ ]pds∏´p. ]e Ab¬{]tZißfn¬\n∂pw am∏nfam¿ XncqcßmSnbn¬ FØnt®¿∂p. D®bv°mWv Xm\qcn¬\n∂pw BfpIƒ XncqcßmSn bn¬ FØnbXv. ]´mfhpambn G‰pap´n Kh¨sa‚p`mKw c≠p {_n´ojptZymKÿ∑mcpw c≠p tIm¨Ã_nƒamcpw FXn¿`mKw Ipsd am∏nfamcpw acn®p. \mev]tXmfwt]msc ]´mf°m¿ XS hpImcm°n. 21\v ImeØv tImgnt°mt´°p aSßnb an. tXmakpw Iq´pImcpw hfsc t¢i߃ kln®pw hgn\osf FXn¿Ø am∏nfamsc shSnh®psIm∂pw BWv cm{Xn F´paWn°v ^tdm °n¬ FØnt®¿∂Xv. AhnsS\n∂v Xoh≠nhgn cm{Xn 12 aWn°v tImgnt°mSv FØn. A{IanIfpsS Agn™m´w Pbn¬hnap‡\mbn 17\v tImgnt°mSvFØnb {io. am[h≥\mbsc at©cn°v sIm≠pt]m
Im≥ {io. Fw. \mcmbWtat\m\pw am[am[h≥\mb¿ h≥\mbcpsS AhtcmsSm∏w A\pP≥ {io. sI. tIih≥\mbcpw tImgnt°mSv ImØncn°p∂p≠mbncp∂p. at©cn°pt]mbn. am∏n fam¿ {_n´≥ Xßsf h©n®p; Fßs\sb¶nepw ]Icwho´Ww F∂a\ÿnXn°mcmbncp∂p.
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Fs¥¶nepw A{Ia߃ s]m´n∏pds∏Sm≥ CSbp≠v . AXp XSbp∂Xn\vam[h≥\mbcpsS km∂n [yw klmbnt®°psa∂ hnizmkwsIm≠mWvDSs\ am[h≥\mbsc at©cn°p sIm≠pt]mb Xv. am[h≥\mbsc Jnem^Øv t\Xm°∑m¿ ImWpIbp≠mbn. am[h≥\mbcpw \mcmbWta t\m\pw Im´net»cn aplΩZv apkenbmcpw A{IawsIm≠p≠mIp∂ B]Øv elf°msc [cn ∏n°m≥ {ian®p. AsXm∂pw ^es∏´n√. Xs‚ AhnthIØns‚ ]cnWnX^ew F¥mbncn°p sa∂p IfIvS¿ tXmakv a\nem°nbncp∂n√. ]c∏\ßmSnbn¬ Ipsdb[nIw am∏nfam¿ Iq´p tN¿∂v sdbn¬thtÃj≥ sIm≈sNbvXp. sdbnepIƒ \o°n, t^m¨ sSen{Kmw IºnIƒ apdn ®p. kvs]j¬ s]meokv C≥kvs]IvSsdbpw At±lØns‚ Hm¿U¿ensbbpw sIm∂p. am[ h≥\mbcpw aplΩZv apkenbmcpw ]c∏\ßmSn°p t]mbn. Ah¿ ]dbp∂Xv {i≤n°m≥ Bcp an√. IfIvS¿ B hgn°p aSßp∂ps≠∂v elf°m¿ Adn™ncp∂p. XncqcßmSnbn¬ \S∂ kw`hßsf∏‰n ]e sI´pIYIfpw AhnSsØ**** Bapkmsl_ns\bpw am∏nfam¿ Xp≠wXp ≠ambn sh´ns°m∂ hnhcw ]ecpw h¿Æn°phm≥ XpSßnbncp∂p. ]qt°m´qcn¬\n∂pw Hcp kwLw BfpIƒ \neºqcnte°p t]mbn. tImh neIw Im°m≥ ]Øncp]Xpt]sc Imh¬ \n¿Øn bncp∂p. Ahscsb√mw sh´ns°m∂mWv Ah¿ aSßnbXv. as‰mcp kwLw at©cn JP\mhv IpØns∏mfn®v ]WsaSpØp. ]e kwLßfpw ]e Zn°nepw sIm≈ \SØn. ]escbpw aX]cn h¿Ø\w sNbvXp, hntcm[ap≈hsc sIm∂p. {io. am[h≥\mb¿ amXr`qanbnsegpXnb teJ\ßfn¬\n∂v Hcp `mKw ChnsS D≤cn®p sIm≈s´. X߃°v bmsXmcp tZmjhpw sNømØhcpw \nc]cm[nIfpamb \m´pImcpsS hoSp Iƒ ]cs° sIm≈sNbvXv Ahsc IjvSs∏SpØnbXmWv Cu elfbn¬ G‰hpw AZv`pXIc ambn ]e¿°pw tXm∂nbn´p≈Xv. elfbpsSc≠masØ L´Øn¬ elf°m¿ sNbvX B{Ia sØ∏‰n BtemNn°ptºmƒ AXn¬ A≥]XpiXam\w A{Ia߃t]mepw Cu BZyL´Øn¬ Ah¿ {]h¿Øn®n´n√. c≠masØ L´Øn¬ Ah¿ sNbvX A{Ia߃ ]eXn\pw Nne Imcy ߃ D≠mbncp∂p. Aßs\bp≈ bmsXmcp ImcWßfpw BZyL´sØ A{Ia߃°n√. lnµp °tfmSp kmºØnIambpw aX]cambpw kv ]¿[ Ah¿°p≠mbncp∂ncn°mw. ]t£ AXp am{X amtWm Cu sIm≈Iƒ°p ImcWsa∂p Rm≥ i¶n°p∂p. aX{`m¥∑mcmb Nne lnµp° fpsS a\ÿnXnt]mse Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\Øns‚ Ahkm\^ew C…mw km{amPyÿm]\ amsW∂pw ]e am∏nfamcpw [cn®ncp∂p F∂mWv AhcpsS {]hrØnsIm≠pw NnecpsS hm°p sIm≠v A\pam\nt°≠Xv. AXv G‰hpw B]XvIcamb a\ÿnXnbmWvF∂p ]dbmXncn°m≥ \nhrØnbn√. am∏nfamcn¬ hnhcap≈h¿°vCu at\m`mhw C√mXncpt∂°mw. ]t£ km[mc W°m¿ Aßs\Xs∂bmWvhnizkn®ncp∂XvF∂mWv A\pam\nt°≠nbncn°p∂Xv. ChcpsS kzØv A]lcn°p∂tXm sIm≈sNøp∂tXm ssZhw aptJ\bp≈ Hcp]mXIa√mbncp∂p. C…mwaXw am{Xw aXn Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\Øns‚ hnPbIcamb ]cyhkm\w C¥y Hcp C…mwcmjv{Sambn amdp Isb∂XmsW∂v ae_mdnse hnhcan√mØ am∏nfam¿ [cn®p F∂p≈Xn\p sXfnhpIfmWv ]n∂oSp \S∂ kw`h߃. ]qt°m´q¿ am∏nfam¿°v Hcp _p≤ntXm∂n. ChnsS C\n c≠p aX߃ th≠. lnµp°sf aX]cnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv Hcp C…mw cmjv{Sw \n¿an°mw F∂h¿ Xocpam\n®p. elf XpSßnb tijap≈ BZysØ sh≈nbmgvN BKkvXv 26\mWv Cu Xocpam\saSpØXv. at©cn, ae∏pdw {]tZißfnep≈ F√m lnµp°sfbpw apk¬∑mcm°m\p≈ Xocpam\Øn¬ am[h≥\mbcpw IpSpw_hpw s]´ncp∂p F∂v At±lw Xs∂ ]dbp∂p. c≠paq∂p ZnhksØ sIm≈Iƒ°ptijw cm{Xn ]mdmhn\v am[h≥\mbcpw a‰pw Bfp
Isf \n¿Ønbncp∂p.IpSpw_sØbpw Ahcn¬ am∏nfaX]cnh¿Ø\w amcpw D≠mbncpsNøm≥ ∂p. Ah¿ At\zjnF∂ ®pt\m °nbt∏mƒ am[h≥\mbscbpw t]mIp∂p hnhcw Ahcpw tI´ncp∂p F∂pw aX]cnh¿Ø\Øn\v A\yZn°n¬\n∂v BfpIƒ hcp∂]£w Ah¿ \n
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lmbcmbncn°pw F∂pw AhnsS XSwsNøp∂Xv HcpaXhntZzj{]hrØnbmIpsa∂pw Ah¿ am[h≥\mbtcmSp ]d™ncp∂pht{X. ]qt°m´qcn¬ Xs∂ 75 t]¿ ]qt°m´q¿°m¿ Xs∂ aXwam‰n AXn¬ GXm≠v30 t]¿ Ahn SsØ \mb¿IpSpw_amb s]m∂pWn°mSv ho´pImcmbncp∂p F∂v am[h≥\mbcpsS teJ\ Øn¬ ]dbp∂p. kmƒ´v Akn v IΩojWdmbn DtZymKØn¬\n∂pw s]≥j≥]‰n ]ncn™ ]pemtØm´Øn¬ tIma≥ tat\ms\bpw IpSpw_sØbpw aX]cnh¿Ø\wsNøm≥ henb Hcp kwLw am∏nfelf°m¿ t]mbn. tIma≥tat\m\v A∂v 76 hbv {]mbwImWpw. am∏nfamsc At±lØn\v hnizmkambncp∂p. am∏nfam¿°v At±lsØ henb _lpam\ambncp∂p. BKkv Xv 24\mbncp∂p hensbmcp kwLw am∏nfam¿ At±lØns‚ hoSp hf™Xv . At±lw aXwamdm≥ Iq´m°nbn√. Hm∑mcpw kwLØnep≠mbncp∂p. a‰p ]pcpj∑mcpsS F√mw apSn If™p. kv{XoIƒ°v DSp∏pIƒ sImSpØp. ]nt‰∂vF√mw im¥ambncp∂p. 26˛mw XobXn Ah¿ ho≠pw tIma≥tat\ms\ kao]n®v At±lw apSnIfbm≥ A\phZn®n√, Ah¿ sImSpØ sXm∏nbpw [cn®n√. Aßs\ Ccn°ptºmgmWv \Imcw ASntI´Xv. ]´mf°m¿ ]qt°m´qcn¬ FØnbhn hcw Adnbn°pIbmbncp∂pht{X AXv. am∏nfam¿ F√mw HmSn. tIma≥ tat\m≥ c£s∏Sp Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp tLmcbp≤w ae∏pdw Unhnj\n¬ Hm^ok¿ HmÃns‚ klmbØn\v Ab¿e≥UvImc\mb sI]v‰≥ sa°≥ tdmbnbpsS t\XrXzØn¬ 125 ]´mf°mcpw s]meokpImcpap≈ 22 _knepwtemdnIfn epambn ae∏pdtØ°p ]pds∏´Xmbncp∂p tk\. ]qt°m´q¿ XSn®pIqSnbncp∂ am∏nfam¿ Ah tcmSv bp≤Øns\mcpßn. ]qt°m´q¿ \ncØph°mWv. ]qt°m´q¿ IS∂pthWw ae∏pdtØ°p t]mhm≥. aqhmbncØn¬]cw am∏nfam¿ AhnsS HØptN¿∂p. Ignbp∂{X Bbp[߃ elf °m¿ tiJcn®ncp∂p. ]´mf°msc \nt»jw \in∏n°phm≥ ]‰nb Hcp ÿeamWv elf°m¿ Xncs™SpØXv. ]qt°m´qcn¬ tdmUn¬\n∂vGXm≠v 30 hmc hn´v hS°p\n∂v ]Sn™mtdms´m gpIp∂ Hcp tXmSp≠v. Cu bp≤Øns‚ BhiyØn\v elf°m¿ Cu tXmSv InSßmbn D]tbm Kn®p. tXm´n¬\n∂p shSnhbv°p∂ ]´mf°msc elf°m¿°v ImWm≥ ]‰n√. ]´mf°m¿ tdmUn¬\n∂pw tXmSpw ]n∂n´v apt∂m´p \oßnbm¬ ]Sn™mdp`mKØp≈ Ip∂n¬\n∂pw tXm´n¬\n∂pw hS°p≈ tXm´n¬\n∂pw Aßs\ F√m `mKØp\n∂pw ]´mf°msc FXn¿Øp \in∏n°phm\mbncp∂p πm≥. H∂pw i¶n°msXbmWv ]´mf°m¿ elf°mcpsS \Sp°vFØn bXv. elf°m¿ shSn XpSßnbt∏mƒ ]´mf°m¿ A‘mfn®p. ]´mf°m¿ XßfpsS sajn≥tXm °pIfn¬\n∂pw Hcp shSnh¿jw Xs∂ Bcw`n®p. XßfpsS shSn ^en°p∂ns√∂pw elf °m¿ NØp \new]Xn°p∂p F∂pw I≠t∏mƒ IØnbpw hmfpw hSnbpambn ]´mf°mcpsS t\sc IpXn®p. \me©paWn°q¿ \n∂ bp≤Øn‚ ^eamb \m\qdne[nIw am∏nfam¿ acn®p. Hcp ]´mf DtZymKÿ\mb se¶mÃmdpw c≠p ]´mf°mcpw acn®p. acn® am∏nfamsc ASpØ]d ºn¬ Zln∏n®tijw Iym]v‰≥ sa°≥tdmbnbpw ]´mf°mcpw s]meokpw ae∏pdtØ°p aS ßn. AeapkenbmcpsS IogS߬ ]qt°m´q¿ bp≤ tØm Sp IqSn el fØeh∑m¿ ]e ÿetØ°pw \oßn. sIm≈bv°pw sImebv°pamWv Ah¿ HcpßnbXv. Ip™lΩZmPnbpw kwLhpw lnµp°ƒ°pw ap…o߃°pw kΩX\pw kmXznI\pamb s]≥j≥]‰n ]ncn™ s]meokvC≥kvs]IvS¿ Jm≥ _lZq¿ tN°p ´nbpsS ÿeamb B\°btØ°mWv t]mbXv. At±lsØ shSnh®psIm∂v XebdpØv Hcp
Ip¥Ønt∑¬ IpØn tLmjbm{Xbmbn´mWv Ah¿ at©cn°pt]mbXv . BKÃv 28˛mw XobXn Hcp {_n´ojv ]´mfØns‚ Xeh\mb sP.Uªyp.dmUv ¢o^pw ae∏pdw Xp°nSn HmÃn\pw Xncqc ßmSnbn¬ t]mbn Benapkenbm¿°v t\m´okv sImSpØncp∂p. Hcp XpWn°jv Ww hoins°m≠v
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At±lw IogSßmØ]£w a{ºw ]≈nbpw XncqcßmSnbpwXoh®p \in∏n°psa∂v. Benapkenbmcpw Ipsd am∏nfamcpw IogSßn. Ahscsb√mw tImbºØq¿ Pbnen¬ ]m¿∏n ®p. BenapkenbmcpsS injy∑mcmb Aehn°p´nbpw Ip™ehnbpw IogSßnbn√. elf an° hmdpw ian®Xpt]msebmbn. Kh¨sa‚v Ipd®v Hcp \bw ImWn®ncp∂p F¶n¬ elf Ahkm \n∏n°mambncp∂p, AX√ sNbvXXv. tImgnt°mSv, Gd\mSv, h≈ph\mSv, s]m∂m\n, hb\mSv F∂o Xmeq°pIfn¬ Kh¨sa‚ v ]´mf\nbaw ]mkm°n. am∏nfam¿ AhcpsSÿewhn´pt]m Im≥ ]mSn√. Bcpw Ah¿°v A`bw \evIm≥ ]mSn√. h√hcpw h∂m¬ DSs\ s]meokn¬ Adn bn°Ww. aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm s]meokv DtZymKÿs‚tbm ]mn√msX am∏nfam¿°v Xoh≠n bm{X ]mSn√. Cu Iev]\Iƒ anen´dn Iam≠dpsS kΩXtØmSpIqSnbmWv Unkv{SnIv‰v aPn kvt{S‰v ]mkm°nbXv. IÆn¬°≠ am∏nfamscsb√mw AdÃpsNbv Xv Ahsc in£n°m≥ sXfn shm∂pw Bhiyan√. AdÃv sNbvXhscsb√mw kvs]jy¬ aPnkvt{S‰pam¿ in£n®p. IÆq¿, tImbºØq¿ XpSßnb Pn√Ifnte°v Abbv°pIbmbn. Cu AdÃns\√mw lnµp°fpw Acp \n∂p. aXwam‰s∏´h¿ ]ecpw lnµp°fmbn. bp≤Øn\p ]pds∏´h¿ ]ns∂ sNbv X sIm≈bv°pw sImebv°pw Ahkm\an√. Ah¿ lnµp°fpsS t\sc A\ph¿Øn® {IqcXIƒ hnhcn°m\m hn√. Pq_nen°mcpsS sXmen°´n tIcfØn¬ tIm¨{Kkv {]h¿Ø\w an°hmdpw Akm[yambn. Dƒ{]tZißfnte°v tIm¨{Kkn\p IS°m≥ hsø∂mbn. elfbpsS ^eambn kzmX{¥ykacw aµo`hn®p. C¥y≥k zmX{¥ykacØn\p Xs∂ h¿≤n® BLmXambnØo¿∂ am∏nfelfsb kzmX{¥ykacambn °mWm≥ ap…oweoKn\p am{Xta km[n°pIbp≈q. e÷n®p XeXmgvtØ≠ Cu kw`hßsf kzmX{¥ykacambn Nn{XoIcn°m\pw AXns‚ kph¿ÆPq_nen sIm≠mSm\pw Ipds®m∂pwt]mc sXmen°´n. AXn\hscss[cys∏SpØp∂Xv C∂sØ \s´√n√mØ t\XrXzamWv. Cu ]ucmWnIcmPysØ ap…oweofvc≠mbn sh´napdn®Xns‚ ^eamWv]cnlmcw ImWm≥ IgnbmØ A`bm¿∞n{]iv\w. C∂Xv _w•mtZiØv AXns‚ aq¿≤\yØn¬ FØbncn°pI bmWv. A\¿lsc `cWm[nImcØn¬ CcpØnbXpsIm≠v tIcfw C\n Fs¥√mw A\p`hn °psa∂p I≠pXs∂ AdnbWw. Cu Pq_nenkwcw`w XpSßnbnSØpXs∂ Ahkm\n∏n°p ∂Xv am\yXbmhpw. am\yXtbmSp aXn∏p]pe¿Øp∂ F√mh¿°pw.
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am∏nfelf°m¿°v ]´pw hfbpw kn. \mcmbW]n≈ tIcfØnse XeapXn¿∂ tIm¨{Kkv t\Xm°fnsemcmfmb teJI≥, X\n h¿§obI em ]amb am∏nfelfsb kzmX{¥ykacambn hymJym\n®v Iem]ImcnIƒ°v s]≥j≥ \¬Im\p≈ tI{µk¿°mcns‚ Xocpam\sØ i‡nbp‡w FXn¿ØpsIm≠v amXr`q anbnsegpXnb teJ\amWnXv.
Cu ASpØImeØv sI.]n.kn.kn. P\d¬ sk{I´dn tIcfØn¬ hf¿∂phcp∂ h¿§obNn¥ sbbpw hn`mKob {]hWXIsfbpw]‰n {]kn≤s∏SpØnbncp∂ Hcp hnem]Km\w hmbn°pI bp≠mbn. sNIpØm≥ thZap≤cn°p∂ {]XoXnbmWv, B Km\w X∂n¬ P\n∏n®sX∂v AXp hmbn® as‰mcp tIm¨{KkpImc≥ Ft∂mSp ]d™p. hy‡n]camb bmsXmcp A\mZchpw {]ISn∏n°pIb√ Cu D≤cWwsIm≠v Rm\nhnsS Dt±in°p∂Xv. Rm≥ XXzßsf∏‰nbmWv ]cma¿in°p∂Xv. tIcfØnen∂v a‰p cmjv{SobI£nIsft∏mseXs∂ tIm¨{Kkpw tZiob
aqey߃ hy`nNcn∏n®v h¿§obXbv°p I∏wsImSp°pIbt√ ae_m¿elfbpsS cPXPq_nen BtLm jn°ptºmƒ sNøp∂sX∂v At±lw tNmZn ®p. alm flmKm‘nbpsS \mat[bw ÿm\Øpw Aÿm\Øpw D®cn°pIbpw h¿§obXbpsS Zpc¥^esØ∏‰n tJZn°pIbpw sNøp∂ cmjv{SobI£nIƒ `cn°p∂ kwÿm\wXs∂bmWv ae_mdnse h¿§obelfbn¬ ]s¶SpØ bmX\°m¿°v`qanbpw {]Xnamkiºfhpw ]mcntXmjnIambn \¬IWsa∂p≈ DØ chn¬ H∏ph®Xv. almflmKm‘n Cu hnhcw [cn°pIbmsW¶n¬ At±lØns‚ iv aim\[qfn Iƒ AhnsS°nS∂p ]nSbv°psa∂p Xo¿®bmWv. almflmKm‘n C¥ybpsSkzmX{¥yØn\pw AJWvUXbv°pw lnµp˛ap…owssa{Xn°pwth≠n \SØnb F√m kwcw`ßfpsSbpw ]cn]q¿Æ amb ]cmPbØn\pw C¥ybpsS hn`P\Øn\pw \mµnIpdn®Xv ae_mdnseam∏nfelfbmWv. Xs‚ kl{]h¿ØIcpsSbpw C¥ybnse a‰v D∂X∑mcmb cmPyX{¥⁄∑mcpsSbpw D]tZ ißfpw {]Xntj[ßfpw hnKWn®v Jnem^Øv {]iv\w almflmKm‘n tIm¨{Kkns‚ Imcy ]cn]mSnbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØptºmƒ AXv imizXamblnµp˛ap…owssa{Xn°p hgnsXfnbn°psa ∂mWv At±lw sX‰n≤cn®Xv. BZyL´Øn¬ ju°Øen aplΩZen F∂o ktlmZc∑msc At±lw Ioibn¬ hln®psIm≠v cmPysam´p°v lnµp˛ap…owssa{Xnsb∏‰n {]NcWw \SØp tºmƒ Km‘nPnbpsS {]Xo£Iƒ Aÿm\Ømbncn°ns√∂v temIw sX‰n≤cn°pIbpw sNbv Xp. Jnem^Øv {]iv\w Iam¬]mjm ivaim\Øn¬ Ipgn®paqSn Xp¿°n kp¬Øms\ cmPyØp \n∂pw B´ntbmSn°ptºmƒ AXv C¥ybnse lnµp˛ap…ow ssa{XnbpsS `cXhmIyambncn°p sa∂v Km‘nPn ap≥Iq´n [cn®ncp∂n√. Jnem^Øv {]iv\wt]mse Hcp h¿§obhnjbsØ tIm¨{Kkv ]cn]mSnbn¬ Dƒs∏Sp Øn bXv sX‰mbn cp∂psh∂v C∂p ]cs° kΩXn°s∏´n ´p≈ Hcp ImcyamWv. F¶nepw B {]iv\w Ahkm\n®Xn\ptijhpw Km‘nPn sI´n∏SpØ lnµp˛ap…ow sFIyØns‚ ]pdt¥mSn\v Aev]w i‡nbp≠mbncp∂XpsIm≠v lnµp˛ap…ow ssa{Xn DS\Sn XIcpIbp≠mbn√. F∂m¬ ae_mdnse am∏nfelfbmWv BZyambnB kJ yØns‚ NcaImWvUw Bcw`n®sX∂ Imcyw Hcp Ncn{XhkvXpXbmWv. C¥y≥\mjW¬ tIm¨{Kkns‚ Ncn{XImc\mb tUm. ]´m`n At±lØns‚ Ncn{XØn¬ Cßs\ FgpXp∂p. HIvtSm_¿ a≤yØn¬ IqSpX¬ I¿°iamb Hcp am¿j¬tem C¥ymKh¨sa‚ v ae_m dn¬ G¿s∏SpØn. AXn\ptijw \n¿_‘nXamb aX]cnh¿Ø\w, lnµp`h\ßfpsS Ih¿®, AhbpsS \ioIcWw F∂o ]mXI߃ am∏nfam¿ \SØn.am∏nfelfbpsS BKÃn\ptij ap≈ KXnt°m XpS¿∂p≈ A{Ia]camb kw`hhnImk߃t°m Cu {KŸØn¬ {]k‡n
44
bn√. C¥ ybpsS cmjv{So bN cn{X Øn¬ kzm X{¥ ykactØmSv bmsXmcp _‘hpan√mØ Hcp kw`hambn tIm¨{Kkv NcnXImc≥ Cu kw`hsØ hnKWn°pIbmWv sNbvXXv. C¥ybpsS kzmX{¥ykacØn¬ ]s¶SpØv AhiXIƒ A\p`hn°p∂h¿°v PohnXmhiy߃ \evIpI sb∂p≈XmWv Cu s]≥j≥]≤XnbpsS e£ysa∂t{X t_m[ap≈h¿ a\nem°nbn´p≈ Xv. Hcp h¿§obelfbn¬ ]s¶SpØv tIm¨{Kns‚bpw Km‘nPnbpsSbpw BZ¿ie£y ߃°pw ]cn]mSnIƒ°pw {]m¿∞\m]camb {]Xo£Iƒ°pw hncp≤ambn {]h¿Øn® A{I anIƒ°mWv c‡km£nIfpsS ]Zhn \evInb tIcfØnse tIm¨{Kkv Kh¨sa‚ v s]≥j≥ A\phZn®n´p≈Xv. Jnem^Øv{]iv\w AXn\p ap≥s]mcn°epw Adnbs∏´n´n√mØhÆw Bg Øn¬ h¿§obamb \clXy°p≈ IhmS߃ Xpd∂psImSpØXmbn AXpem\µN{Ih¿Øn Xs‚ GImInbmb Xo¿∞mSI≥ F∂ {KŸØn¬ FgpXp∂p. AXvicnbmbncn°s´, sX‰mbn cn°s´. F∂m¬, Jnem^Øv {]iv\w hgnsXfnbn® lnµpap…ow ssa{XnbpsS NcaØn\ptijw AXns‚ ihs∏´nbn¬ BZyw ASn®pIb‰nb BWn ae_mdnse am∏nfelfbmbncp∂p. AXn\ptijw h¿§obamb Ielßfpw kwL´\ßfpw C¥ysbm´p°p ]S¿∂p]nSn®p. Ael_mZv, P_¬]q¿ kn‘v, Z¬ln F∂o ÿeßfn¬ AXn\ptijw \S∂h¿§obkwL ´\߃ tImlm´nse Iq´s°mebn¬ Ahkm\n°ptºmƒ Km‘nPn Xs∂ sR´nt∏mImXncp ∂n√. Rm≥ B¿°pw hnizkn\°m\¿lXbn√mØ Hcp s]mfn™ IºmbnØo¿∂ncn°p∂p F∂v Km‘nPn FgpXn. At±lw AXn\ptijw 21 ZnhksØ \ncmlmc{hXwsIm≠v C¥ysb ZpxJkmKcØnemgvØn. tImlm´n kw`hßsf°pdn®vXømdm°nb At\zjWdnt∏m¿´ns\∏‰n bp≈ A`n{]mb`n∂XbmWv Ahkm\ambn Km‘nPnsbbpw ju°Øensbbpw ]ckv ]cw AI ‰nbXv. B \nebv°v C¥ybpsS ssiYneyØn\pw hn`P\Øn\pw hgnsXfn® kw`hßfnse Ip‰ hmfnIƒ°mWv cmjv{SobkacØnse ]¶mfnIsf∂ \nebn¬ tIcfmKh¨sa‚ v s]≥j≥ \evIm≥ t]mIp∂sX∂p≈ bmYm¿Yyw F{X henb Hcp hntcm[m`mkamWv? ap…oweoKns‚ ]n¥pWbns√¶n¬ Cu Kh¨sa‚ v XI¿∂pt]mIpsa∂pw sXcs™Sp∏n¬ ap∂WnbpsS hnP bkm[yXIƒ Ipd™pt]mIpsa∂pw F\n°dnbmw. F∂m¬ Nncÿmbnbmb BZ¿ißfpw e£yßfpw A[nImcØns‚ _en]oTØn¬ IpcpXnsImSp°pIbpw tZiobX hcn™psI´n h¿§obhmZØns‚ ImeSnIfn¬ h®pNhn´n°pIbpw sNøp∂ Imgv N thZ\mP\IamWv. {ioaXn CµncmKm‘n Cu hnhcw Adn™ncn°ptam F∂vF\n°v Adn™pIqS. Adn™n´ns√¶n¬ B alXnsb CXv Adnbnt°≠Xv BhiyamWv. ae_mdnse am∏nfelf tIm¨{Kns‚bpw almflmKm‘nPnbpsSbpw A{IacmlnXyam¿§ sØbpw ]cmPbs∏SpØnb Hcp kw`hambXpsIm≠t√ C{Xbpw FgpXnbXv. I√dbpw ]mtßm´pw A{Ia߃ D≠mbn´p≠v. s]meokpIm¿ h[n°s∏´n´p≠v. F¶nepw A∂v Xncphn XmwIqdn¬ \S∂ cmjv{SobkacØnt\mSv AXn\p _‘ap≠mbns√∂p ]dbm≥ km[ya√. s]meokns‚bpw ]´mfØns‚bpw {Iqcamb a¿±\߃ klnt°≠nh∂ P\߃ A{IawsIm ≠Xps∂ Xncn®Sn \evIn. F¶nepw Cu kw`h߃°v h¿§obelfbpsS kz`mhap≠mbncp∂ Xmbn Btcm]W߃ D≠mbn´n√. F∂m¬, ae_mdn¬ \S∂Xv \·amb Hcp h¿§obelfbm bncp∂psh∂p Ncn{Xw tcJs∏SpØp∂p. F¶nepw AXn\v cmjv{Sobkz`mhw \evIn C¥ybpsS kzmX{¥ykacsØ ]ptcmKan∏n® Hcp kw`hsa∂ \nebn¬ AXn¬ ]s¶SpØ \mbI∑m¿°v {]Xn^ew \evIm\p≈ {iaw F{X \njn≤amWv? am∏nfelf kzmX{¥ykacsØ ]ptcmKan ∏n°pIb√, ]ns∂tbm almflmKm‘nPnbpsS ]cn]mSnIsf Hcp ]Øph¿jw ]pdtIm´p X≈n am‰pIbmWv sNbvXXv. am∏nfelfbpsS cPXPq_nen BtLmjn°m≥t]mIp∂Xmbn ]{Xß fn¬ hmbn®p. Xet»cnbn¬ h¿§obIem]w s]m´n∏pds∏´ Cu h¿jØn¬ am∏nfelfbpsS Pq_nen°v {]tXyI alnabps≠∂p kΩXn°Ww. H∂ptNmZn°s´ Xet»cnbnse elfbv °pw cmjv{Sobkz`mhw \evIn AXn¬ ]s¶SpØ [oc\mbI∑m¿°v s]≥j≥ \evIm\p≈ Hcp ]≤
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XnIqSn Kh¨sa‚ v Bkq{XWw sNømØXv F¥psIm≠m Wv? h¿§ob el Iƒ°v ]mcn tXm jnIw \evIpIbpw AXns‚ Pq_nen BtLmjn°pIbpw sNøp∂ Kh¨sa‚ v am\hkapZmbw BZcn°pIbpw Bcm[n°pIbpw sNøp∂ kn≤m¥ßsf hnKWn°pIbmWvsNøp∂Xv. kmºØnIamb AhiXIƒ A\p`hn°p∂ P\hn`mK߃°v `qanbpw s]≥j\pw \evIp ∂Xn\v Cu teJI≥ FXnc√. F∂m¬ Hcp Kh¨sa‚ v BZcn°pIbpw A\pjvTn°pIbpw sNtø≠ Nne auenIXXz߃ D≠v. tIm¨{Kkv I£nXs∂ B kwLS\bpsS Aÿnhmcw XI¿°pIbpw C¥ybpsS sFIyhpw AJWvUXbpw Akm≤yam°nØo¿°pIbpw kzmX{¥ ykacsØ ]pdtIm´p X≈pIbpw sNbvX Hcp kw`hØns‚ ]¶mfnIƒ°v AXnte°v {]Xn ^ew \evIn h¿§obelfIƒ°v am\yXbpw AwKoImchpw k¿thm]cn t{]cWbpw {]tNmZ \bpw \evIn A\p{Kln°pIbmWv Cu kw`mh\aqew sNbvsXX∂v `mhnNcn{XImc≥ tcJs∏ SpØntb°mw. e£w A`bm¿∞nIƒ Hcp sIm√Øn\Iw kzmX{¥yw ssIhcpw, AXnte°p≈ BZysØ Im¬hbv ]v 1921 BKÃv 21se ae_m¿elfbmbncp∂p. aq∂mgvN°mew Bbp[߃ k÷oIcn®tijw B Pn√bnse am∏nfam¿ Iem]amcw`n®p. {_n´ojv `cWw Ahkm\n®psh∂pw X߃ kzX{¥cmsW∂pap≈ {]NcWØn¬ Ah¿ hnizkn®p; Ah¿ Jnem^Øv cmPyw ÿm]n®p; Hcp cmPmhns\ IncoS[m cWw sNøn®p; kpe`ambn sIm≈bpw sImebpw \SØn; aXwam‰m≥ Iq´m°mØ lnµp°sf apgph≥ \mSphnt´mSn®p; DSpXpWn°p adpXpWnbn√msX F√mw A]lcn°s∏´, Hcp e£tØmfw t]¿ A`bm¿∞nIfm°s∏´p. (B\n_k‚ v, "^yq®¿ s]mfn‰nIvkv C≥ C¥y' F∂ {KŸØn¬\n∂v) icnbmb kmapZmbnI elf .... CtXmSpIqSn lnµp°ƒs°Xncmb ]e A{Iaßfpw \SØm≥ am∏nfam¿ Xp\nbpIbpw icnbmb Hcp kmapZmbnIelfbpsS apgph≥ kz`mhßfpw AXn\p≠mhpIbpw sNbvXp. (C.Fw.Fkv. \ºqXncn∏mSv, "tIcfw aebmfnIfpsS amXr`qan') ]cm{Iaw kv{XoIfnepw Ggpamkw K¿`ap≈ Hcp kv{XobpsS hb¿ s]m´n∏nf¿∂Xn\m¬ acn® inip ]pdtØ°p sXdn®ph∂ \nebn¬ InS°p∂Xp I≠p. as‰mcp kv{XobpsS amdØp\n∂pw Bdpamkw {]mb amb Hcp Ip™ns\ X´n∏dn®v c≠pXp≠ambn sh´n\pdp°n. taem‰qcn¬ Hcp Ipeo\bmb \mb¿kv{Xosb, AhcpsS `¿Ømhns‚bpw ktlmZc∑mcp sSbpw ssIIm¬ ]n∂n¬sI´n ASpØp\n¿Øns°m≠v \·bm°n. Ah¿ t]Sn®p IÆpIƒ AS®t∏mƒ hmƒap\sIm≠v IpØn IÆpXpd∏n®v AhcpsS ap∂n¬h®p \S∂ am\`wKsØ ImWphm≥ \n¿_‘nXcm°n... (tZh[m¿ IΩoj‚dnt∏m¿´n¬\n∂v)
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am∏nfelftbm kzmX{¥ykactam? ]n. ]ctaizc≥
am∏nfelfsbt∂m ae_m¿Iem]sat∂m AYhm shdpw Gd\mSv Iem]sat∂m GXp t]cp hnfn®mepw icn, Hcp Ncn{XbmYm¿Yyw A\ntj[yambhtijn°p∂p. AXv CXmWv˛ 1921¬ \S∂ elf C¥y≥ kzmX{¥ykacambncp∂n√. Jnem^Øv kacØns‚ `mKambn´mWv AXv Bcw`n®sX∂pw, B kabØv AXv{_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmbncp∂psh∂pw kΩXn°mw. ]t£, {_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmbn Bcw`n® {]t£m`ambncp∂p F∂ ImcWwsIm≠pam{Xw, AXv C¥ y≥ kzmX{¥ykacambn ]cnKWn°s∏Smtam, Nn¥nt°≠Xp≠v. Hcp kacw C¥y≥kzmX{¥ ykacamIWsa¶n¬, AXns‚ASnÿm\]camb t{]cW, C¥y≥kzmX{¥yambncn°Ww. tZio bkzmX{¥yambncn°Ww, C¥ybpsS kzmX{¥yØn\pth≠n \SØp∂ kacw Bbncn°Ww. {_n´o jpIm¿s°XncmIpI F∂Xv kacØns‚ \ntj [mflI`mhw am{X amWv. C¥y°p th≠nbmbncn°Ww F∂XmWv ImXemb hiw. Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\w, Cu am\ZWvUwh ®p t\m°ptºmƒ C¥y°pth≠nbmbncp∂n√. C¥y{]iv\ßfpsS t]cnembncp∂n√. AXn\m¬
cmjv {SobkuIcyhmZ°m¿, cmjv{SobI®hS°m¿ F¥p]d™mepw icn Jnem^Øv{]ÿm\w C¥y≥kzmX{¥bkacw Bbncp∂n√. c≠mwtemIalmbp≤Øn¬ {_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmbn \n∂ Xp¿°nbnse Jmen^ns\ A[n ImcØn¬\n∂p ]pdwX≈pIbpw Xp¿°n ]eXmbn hn`Pn°pIbpw sNbvX {_n´ojv k¿°m cns\Xncmbn temIsaßpw AebSn®pb¿∂ ap…owt£m`Øns‚ C¥ybnse Aebmbncp∂p Jnem^Øv {]t£m`w. ]m≥ C…mankØns‚ i‡n{]IS\ambncp∂p AXv. "Let Hindus not be frightened by Pan Islamism. Is is not, it need not be, anti-India or anti Hindu. Musalman must wish wall to every Musalman state he must therefore co-operate with his Muslim brother in the ateempt to save the Turkish empire from Extinction. (Mahatma Gandhi- Young India Turkish question June 29, 1921)
]m≥ C…manksØ lnµp°ƒ `bs∏SmsX Ccn°Ww. AXv lnµphncp≤tam, C¥yhncp ≤tam Bbns°m≈Wsa∂n√. apk¬am∑m¿ F√map…owcmPyßfpsSbpw \∑ C—n°p∂hcm bncn°Ww. AXn\m¬ Xp¿°nkm{amPysØ D∑qe\miØn¬\n∂pw c£n°phm\p≈ apk¬am ∑mcpsS {iahpambn \mw klIcn°Ww. (almflmKm‘n, bwKv C¥y, S¿°n {]iv\w, 29˛6˛1921). ]WvUn‰v Phl¿em¬ s\{lphns‚ UnkvIhdn H^v C¥y F∂]pkvXIØn¬ Cu `mKw t\m°pI: World war, and the fate of urki T sh Khilafat n ad the Muslim holy places produced a pow erful impression on the Muslims of India and make them intensely anti-British.... A Muslim organisat ion grew up ni close co-operatio n of the Co ngree- The Khilafatcommittee. (Jawaha rlal Nehru, Discover of India, Page 318).
H∂mwtemIalmbp≤hpw AXphgn Xp¿°nbnse Jment^‰n\pw ap…ow]pWyÿe ߃°pw kw`hn® hn[nssh]coXyßfpw, C¥ybnse ap…oßfn¬ D¬°Samb hnImcmthiap≠m°pI bpw, AXv Ahsc Atßb‰w {_n´ojv hncp≤cm°pIbpw sNbvXp. tIm¨{Kkns‚ i‡amb ]n¥pWtbmsS Hcp ap…owkwLS\ DSseSpØp˛ Zn Jnemt^‰v IΩn‰n (s\lvdp, C¥ysb Is≠ ج, t]Pv 318) D∑qe\miØn¬\n∂p Xp¿°nkm{amPysØ kwc£n°phm\p≈ Hcp ]cn{ia Øns‚ `mKambncp∂p Jnem^Øv{]ÿm\sa∂v CXn¬\n∂p kv]Fßs\ jvSamWt√m. AØcsamcp {]ÿm\w, {_n´njpIm¿s°Xncmbn F∂ ImcWwsIm≠pam{Xw C¥y≥kzmX{¥ya camIpw?
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Jnem^Øns\ Km‘nPn Bbp[am°p∂p Hcp Imcyw hmkvX hamWv. C¥ y≥tZ io bX bn¬\n∂pw kzm X{¥ ykac{] ÿm\ß fn¬\n∂pw ZqcZqcw AI∂p\n∂ ap…owkapZmbsØ, kzmX{¥ykachpambn _‘s∏SpØp hm≥ almflmKm‘n ]cn{ian®p. AXn\t±lw Jnem^Øp{]iv\sØ Bbp[am°n. AXphsc
C¥y≥ap…o߃ {_n´ojpImcpsS `mKØp\nev°pIbmbncp∂p. 1909¬ ap…oeoKp ÿm]n®Xp Xs∂ {_n´ojpImcpsS \n¿t±i{]Imcambncp∂p. Aßs\ tIm¨{Kkv hncp≤hpw {_n´oj\p Iqehpamb \nebn¬ \oßns°m≠ncp∂ ap…owP\Xsb {_n´ojpImcn¬\n∂I‰n kzmX{¥y kacØn¬ ]s¶Sp∏n°m≥ almflPn {ian®p. Jnem^Øv {]iv\w, ap…owa\ns\ Cf°na dn® Hcp {]iv\amsW∂t±lw I≠p. AXt±lw Atßb‰w D]tbmKs∏SpØm≥ {ian®p. `mc Xhpambn bmsXmcp _‘hpan√mØ, X\n aX]camb Hcp{]iv\sØ almflPn Hcmbp[am°n D]tbmKn®p. C¥y≥apk¬am∑msc kzmX{¥ykacØn¬ ]¶mfnIfm°nam‰m≥. F∂m¬ apk¬am∑mcpsS ZrjvSnbn¬ Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\w, Hcp C¥y≥kzmX{¥ykac {]ÿm\ambn Ah¿ IW°m°nbncp∂ns√∂p kv ]jvSamWv. Xp¿°nbnse Jmen^ns‚ Iogn¬, Xp¿°nkm{amPyw ]p\xÿm]n°Wsa∂Xn¬ Ihn™v C¥ybpsS kzmX{¥yw Ah¿°v Hcp {]iv\ta Bbncp∂n√. {_n´ojpIm¿°p]Icw A^vKm\nÿmt\m at‰sX¶nepw cmPytam C¥ ysb B{Ian®pIogS°n `cWv \SØp∂Xn\v, Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\°mcmb apk¬am∑m¿ FXn cmbncp∂ns√∂p am{Xa√, Ah¿ A^vKm\nÿm\nse Aam\p≈ cmPmhns\, C¥y B{Ian°p hm≥ £Wn°pIqSn sNbvXp. Cu at\m`mhØns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ \S∂ Hcp {]t£m`sØ bmWv C¥y≥kzmX{¥ykacambn {]Jym]n°Wsa∂v XncqcßmSnaWv Uew tIm¨{Kkv IΩn ‰n°m¿ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv. 1920 Pq¨ 9se bMv C¥ybn¬ almflPn FgpXp∂Xp t\m°pI. The Khilafat meeting at Allahabad has unanimously re-affirmed the principle of noncooperation and appointed an executive committee to lay down and enforce a detailed programme. It was a wise setup on the part of the Khilafat committee to invite Hindus representing all shades of though to give them the benefit of their advice. Whilst other Hindu speakers approved of the principle of non cooperation in theory, they saw many practical difficulties a nd they fearedlso a compli cations arising from Mohamadanswelcoming a n Afghan invasion of India. The Mohamadan speakers gave the fullest and frankest assurance that they would fight to a man any invader who wanted to conquer India, but they were equally frank in asserting that any invasion from without, undertaken with a view to uphold the prestige of Islam and to vindicate justice would have their full sympathy, if not their actual support.
Ael_mZnse Jnem^Øv ktΩf\w \nlIcWXXzsØ GIIWvTambn Dd∏n®p]d bpIbpw hniZamb ]cn]mSnIƒ Xømdm°m≥ Hcp IΩn‰nsb \n›bn°pIbpw sNbvXp. F√m hn`mKØnepws]´ lnµp°fpsSbpw D]tZißsf°qSn {]tbmP\s∏SpØm\mbn Ahsc £Wn® Jnem^Øv IΩn‰nbpsS Xocpam\w hnthI]q¿Wamb Hcp AShmbncp∂p. \nlIcWsØ lnµp°ƒ XXzØn¬ AwKoIcn®psh¶nepw ]e {]mtbmKnIhnjaXIfpw Ah¿ I≠p. C¥ ysb A^vKm\nÿm≥ B{Ian°p∂Xns\ apk¬am∑m¿ kzmKXw sNøp∂Xn¬\n∂pw ]e k¶o¿W{]iv\ßfpw D≠mtb°psa∂vAh¿ `bs∏´p. C¥ysb IogS°phm\mbnhcp∂ B{I aWImcnIsf X߃ Hcpans®Xn¿°psa∂v ap…ow {]mkwKnI¿ Xpd∂pXs∂ Dd∏psImSpØp. F∂m¬ C…mans‚ Ans\ Db¿Øn∏nSn°m\pw \oXnkºmZn°m\pwth≠n ]pdsa∂\n∂pw \SØp∂ GXv B{IaWsØbpw Ah¿ klmbn°pw. AhcpsS ]q¿Wamb klm\p`qXn AXn \p≠mbncn°psa∂v A{Xbpw Xs∂ hy‡ambn ]dbphm\pw Ah¿ aSn®n√. (almflmKm‘n, bwKv C¥y, 9˛6˛1920) hnNn{Xamb hntcm[m`mkw {_n´ojv `cWm[nImcnIƒ°p]Icw X¬ÿm\Øv A^vKm\nÿm\nse cmPmhns\ C¥
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y≥N{Ih¿Ønbmbn Ahtcm[n°m≥ Xømdmbh¿, tIhewXp¿°nbnse Jmeo^n\pth≠n \S Ønb kacw C¥y≥kzmX{¥ykacambn {]Jym]n°Wsa∂p ]dbp∂Xne[nIw hntcm[m`m ksa¥mWv? am{Xa√, CtX Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\Øns‚ `mKambn, kn‘v, AXn¿Ønkwÿm\w F∂o {]tZißfn¬\n∂v, ]Xn\mbnc°W°n\v apk¬am∑m¿, A^vKm\nÿm\nte°v Xo¿∞bm{X ]pds∏´p. {_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmb at\m`mhw, Ahsc sIms≠Øn®Xv C¥y hn´v ap…owcmPy amb A^vKm\nÿm\nte°p IpSntbdn∏m¿°m\mWv! C¥y≥ kzmX{¥ykac°mcpsS at\m`m hw˛ tZim`nam\w˛ t\m°tW. ]´m`nkoXmcmaø tIm¨{Kkv Ncn{XØn¬ FgpXp∂p. In the meantime, the muslims embarked upon a plan of Hijarat (fight) to Afghanistan, as they felt they could not stay in India, under British, after the treaty with Tukey. The movement started insindh and spread to theorth N West frontier. nI the month of Augus t it wasestimated that 18000 people were as their way to Afghanistan. But very soon the Afghanistan authorities forbade the admission of the Pilgrims and a set back was given to the idea, after considerable loss of life and sufferings.
Xp¿°nbp ambn {_n´o jpIm¿ k‘nbp ≠m°n btijw {_n´o jn¥ybn¬ X߃°p Xma kn°m≥ \nhrØnbns√∂ hnizmkØnt∑¬ ap…o߃ A^vKm\nÿm\nte°p Xo¿∞bm{X sNøphm≥ Hcp ]≤Xn Xømdm°n. B {]ÿm\w kn‘n¬ Bcw`n®v hS°p]Sn™md≥ AXn¿Øn{]tZiØvapgph≥ ]S¿∂p. BKÃv amkambt∏mtg°pw 18000Øne[nIw t]¿A^vKm\n ÿm\nte°p IS∂psh∂p IW°m°s∏ Sp∂p. F∂m¬DS≥Xs∂ A^vKm≥k¿°m¿ B bm{X \ntcm[n®Xn\m¬ {]ÿm\Øn\p Xncn®Sn kw`hn®p. h≥]n® Bƒ\mihpw bmX\Ifp w A\p `hn®Xn\ptijw AXv Ahkm\n®p. C{Xbpw ]d™Xv ]m≥ C…manINn¥mKXnbpsS k¥Xnbmbncp∂Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\ sa∂pw, C¥y≥kzmX{¥yØn\p≈ A`nemja√mbncp∂p AXns‚ t{]cWmi‡n F∂pwhy ‡am°m\mWv. Jnem^ØneqsS apk¬am∑msc C¥y≥kzmX{¥ykacØnte°p sIm≠ph cm\p≈ almflPnbpsS tamlw tIhew hymtamlambn Ahtijn®p. {_n´ojpIm¿s°Xncmbn Bcw`n® Jnem^Øp {]ÿm\w,lnµphntcm[Ønte°p XncnbpIbpw,`mcXØnepS\ofw lnµp hncp≤Iem]߃ s]m´n∏pds∏SpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂p am{Xa√ Jnem^Øp {]ÿm\Øns‚ A\ntj[yt\Xmhpw Km‘nPn kz¥w ktlmZcs\∂p hnfn®pt]m∂ Bfpamb auem\m ju °Øen Xs∂, Km‘nPnbpsS Iognep≈ tIm¨{Kkn¬\n∂pw AXns‚kzmX{¥ykackwcw `ßfn¬\n∂pw AI∂p\n¬°m≥ apk¬am∑msc D]tZin°pIbpw sNbvXp. 1030 am¿®v 12se bMv C¥ybn¬ almflPn FgpXp∂Xp t\m°pI: Maulana Shaukal Ali is reported to have said that the independence movement is a movement not for Swaraj but for Hinduraj and against Musalmans, that therefore the letter should leave it alone. On reading the report, I wired to the Maulana enquiring whether he was correctly reported. He has kindly replied confirming the report.
kzmX{¥y{]ÿm\w kzcmPn\pth≠nbp≈X√. lnµpkzcmPn\pth≠nbp≈XmsW∂pw AXn \m¬ apk¬am∑m¿ AXn¬\n∂pw Hgn™p\nev °Wsa∂pw auem\mju°Ømen {]kv Xmhn® Xmbn dnt∏m¿´p sNøs∏Sp∂p. AXp hmbn® DSs\ hmkvXhÿnXn Adnbphm≥ Rm≥ At±l Øn\p Iºn ASn®p. icnbmsW∂v adp]Sn At±lw Zbm]q¿hw Ab®pX∂p. (bMv C¥y 12˛3 ˛1930). Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\ßfpsS ÿm]It\Xm°fpsS at\mKXn CXmbncp∂p. B {]ÿm\ Øns‚ `mKambncp∂p ae_mdnse {]t£m`wauem\mju°ØmensbbmWv, almflPnsbb √, ae_mdnse _lp`qcn]£w ap…oßfpw ]n¥pS¿∂sX∂pw ]n¥pScp∂sX∂pw D≈Xn\p sXfnhmhiyan√. F∂n´v am∏nfelfbv°v kzmX{¥ykacØns‚ ]Zhn \evIWsa∂p ]dbp ∂Xv A⁄XsIm≠s√¶n¬ as‰¥psIm≠msW∂p Nn¥nt°≠Xt√?
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lnµp°sf \in∏n® ap…ow B[n]Xyapd∏n°m≥ \SØnb elf ]n.kn.Fw. cmPm
elf_m[nX{]tZi߃ t\cn´p kµ¿in®pw Gd\m´n¬\n∂p tImgnt°mSv icWwtXSnb A` bm¿∞nIsf I≠p kwkmcn®pw elfbpsS hnhc߃ tiJcn® Ncn{X ]WvUn X\mb teJ I≥ AXns‚ h¿§obkz`mhw hy‡am°p∂p. 1921˛¬ Gd\mSns‚ F√m `mKØpw tImgnt°mSv, h≈ph\mSv, s]m∂m\n Xmeq°pIfn¬ Gd \m ´nt\mSp sXm´pIn S°p∂ `mKßfnepw am∏nfam¿ XpSßnb tLmcamb elf kpam¿ 2 sIm√w \ne\n∂Xmbn F\n°v A\p`hap≠v. 21 Imc\mb Rm≥ C‚¿aoUnb‰v ¢mkn¬ ]Tn °phm≥ tImgnt°mSvXfnbn¬ Xmakn°p∂ ImeØmWvHcp Znhkw tNhmbq¿, am¶mhv , ^dq°v hgnbmbn \qdpIW°n¬ A`bm¿∞nIƒ HmSnhcp∂ hm¿Ø tI´Xv. elf°mcmb am∏nfam cpsS D]{Zhw \nanØamWv A`bm¿∞nIƒ h∂ncp∂sX∂v £Ww hm¿Ø ]c∂p. Rm\pw Nne kvt\lnX∑mcpw A`bm¿∞nIƒ h∂pIqSnb am¶mhnepw a‰pw sN∂p t\cn¬ BfpIsf
I≠v ]etcmSpw kwKnXIƒp. tNmZn®pa\nem°n. BbncØn¬ IpdbmsX, ]m™ph∂hcn¬ apgph\pw lnµp°fmbncp∂ am¶mhn¬ ap°m¬`mKw \ºqXncnamcpw _m°nt]¿ \mb¿ apXem bhcpw. {_m“Wcn¬ P∑nIƒ F∂ t]cn\¿lcmbh¿ Gdnbm¬ A©mdpt]¿ am{Xw, Ahcpw henb P∑nIfpa√mbncp∂p. _m°nbp≈h¿ IjvSn®v DÆm≥hIbp≈hcpw AXpan√mØhcpw Bbncp∂p. _m°n lnµp°ƒ GXm≠vF√mhcpw hfsc ]mhs∏´hcmbncp∂p. HmSnh∂hcpsS ]cn{`aw Ipd®√mbncp∂p. R߃ A\p`hn®Xp apgph\pw ]d™m¬ ho≠pw Ah¿ B{Ian°s∏Sptam F∂ `bw\nanØw Ah¿ ]cpßn.{ItaW Ah¿ an°Xpw Xpd∂p]d ™p. NnecpsS A—∑msc sIm∂p; NnecpsS ktlmZc∑msc ]nSn®psIm≠pt]mbn; Nnesc sh´n ]cpt°ev]n®p. hfsct∏sc \n¿_‘n®v C…mwaXØn¬ tN¿Øp. ]e kv{XoIsfbpw am]Pv]n fam¿ am\`wKs∏SpØn. Ipsdt∏sc `mcyamcm°n; GXm\pw IpSpw_wgph\pw ap sIm√s∏´t∏mƒ Ip´nIƒt]mepw c£s∏´n√. Nne kv{XoIfpsS B`cW߃ ssI°em°m≥ ImXpw aq°pw Acnbs∏´p. NnecpsS hoSpIƒ IpØnØpd∂p ]m{Xhpw s\√pw F√mw sIm≠pt]mbn. apX sem∂pw In´mØ hoSpIsf A\mhiyambn Np´pIØn®p. Aºe߃ IØn°phm\pw _nw_ ߃ XI¿°phm\pw Aip≤s∏SpØm\pw am{Xw Xp\n™ am∏nfamcpw C√mXncp∂n√. IpSnbm ∑mcmb am∏nfam¿°p Ignbp∂ klmbw sNbvXncp∂ Nne P∑nIƒ am∏nfamcpsS hm°ptI´v Ahsc Imhen\v \n¿Øn. F∂m¬ Cu Imh¬°m¿ elf°mtcmSp tN¿∂p. Hcp Zn°nseel f°m¿ KqVambn Imh¬°mcpambn HØptN¿∂v AIsØ ÿnXnIƒ a\nem°n s]s´∂v B `h\w B{Ian®p. Imh¬°m¿ elf°mtcmSp tN¿∂p. F¥mWv Ah¿ Cßs\ am∏nfam cpsS B{IaWØn\ncbmbsX∂p tNmZn®t∏mƒ Ah¿°v DØcan√mbncp ∂p. km[p°fmb Ah¿°v Jnem^Øns‚ t]cnemWv BZyw elfbmcw`n®sX∂p ]d™ Ah¿ F√mw HSphn¬ AJnem^Ømbn F∂p t_m≤ys∏´p F∂v Aev]w XamibnemsW¶nepw k¶StØmsS ]d ™p. F¥n \mWv CXns\ ae_m¿ elfbm°nbsX∂p a\nemhp∂n√. ae_m¿hn `mK Øn¬Øs∂ Gd\m´nepw AXnt\mSp tN¿∂ h≈ph\mSp s]m∂m\n tImgnt°mSp Xmeq°pI fnse Nne {]tZißfnepw am{Xap≠mb Cu elf Fßs\ ae_m¿ elfbmhpw? elfIqSn bh¿ apgph\pw am∏nfambncns° F¥n\mWv AXns\ ae_m¿ elfbm°n hnjan∏®Xv ? lnµp °ƒ am∏nfamsc sIm√pI, AhcpsS ]≈nIƒ \in ∏n °p I, am∏nf` h\߃ sIm≈bn SpI, am∏nfamsc ]nSn®vIpSpahbv]n®v, `kvaw sXmSphn®v,]©m£cw Pn∏n®v,Aºeßfnte°p sIm≠p t]mbn sXmgn∏n®v Xo¿∞w Ign∏n°pI, ap…ow kv{XoIsf _em¬kwKw sNøpI, apXemb
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bmsXmcm{Iahpw sNømXncp∂n´pw am∏nfam¿ \SØnb elfsb ae_m¿ elfbm°nbXv lnµp °fpw elIq´nsb∂p ÿm]n∏m\mtWm? am∏nf elf°m¿ hcp∂p F∂ptI´ £Ww t]Sn®v aq{Xsamgn®v, ssIbnse hSn IqSnZqscsbdn™v Hfnt®mSpIbmWv. GXms≠√m Zn°nepw lnµp °ƒ sNbvXsX∂Xn¬ am∏nfam¿°v A`nam\n°mw. {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚v C¥ybne√, Xp¿°n bn¬ Jnem ^Øns\ h©n®p F∂ t]cn emWv C¥ybn¬ Jnem^Øv elf Bcw`n®Xv . ae _mdnse Xs∂, sIm®n, s]m∂m\n \Kcw, Nmh°mSv , ]me°mSv apXemb Zn°pIfn¬ [mcmfw ap…oßfp ≠mbn´pw Ah sct¥ Jnem^Øn¬ tNcmØsX∂pw Nn¥\obamWv. P∑nt{Zmlw _m°n ]e {]tZißfnepw D≠mbn´pw F¥mWv AhnSßfn¬ am∏nfelfbn√mXncp∂Xv? P∑n Iƒ apgph\pw lnµp°fpw IpSnbm∑m¿ apgph\pw ap…oßfpamsW∂p hcpØnØo¿°m≥ {i≤n °p∂Xpw \oN_p≤nbmWv. F{Xtbm ap…owP∑nIfp≠mbncp∂n´pw Ah¿ {]mtbW elf bn¬\n∂v Hgnhm°s∏´p. F{Xtbm Aap…ow IpSnbm∑mcp≠mbn´pw kza\m Ah¿ am∏nfe lf°mtcmSp tN¿∂n√. Nne am∏nf DtZymKÿ∑m¿ kzØpw P∑nXzhpw D≈hsc∂ Ip‰Ø\ √, t\sc adn®v elfsb Aa¿Øm≥ NpaXes∏´ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ DtZymKÿhrµØn¬ s]´n cp∂p F∂ ImcWØmemWv am∏nfelf°mcm¬ sIm√s∏´Xv. am∏nfam¿ Kh¨sa‚n\p hntcm[ambn´mWv elf XpSßnbXv F∂Xp icnXs∂. ]t£, C¥y {_n´ojpImcn¬\n∂p kzX{¥bmbn F√mh¿°pwHcpt]mse kzmX{¥yw e`n°Wsa∂ kZpt±itØmSpIqSnbmbncp ∂p elfsb∂Xn\pt\cnb kqN\t]mepan√. Kh¨sa‚ ns‚ i‡n XI¿Øm¬ X߃°v Gd\m´nepw a‰pw˛ C¥yn¬ F∂p hnNmcn®nt´ C√˛ GI—{Xm[n]XnI fmbn F∂pw hmgmsa∂p \nc£cIp£nIfpw Iq]aWvUqIßfpamb am∏nfam¿ kz]v \w I≠p. GXm\pw am∏nftbm≤m°ƒ H∂mw temIalmbp≤Øn¬ ]s¶SpØhcmbncp∂Xn\m¬ am∏nf elfØneh∑mcmb sN{ºt»cn X߃ apXembh¿°p tkh\w \ev In. Kq¿J]´mfhpw sh≈ ∏´mfhpw Hs° hnNmcn®n´pw elf HXp°m≥ Ignbm™XpI≠v am∏nfam¿ aXnad∂pt]mbn. Cu imkv{XobbpKØn¬ aeIfnepw ImSpIfnepw Hfn®ps]mcpXn Pbn°m≥ Ignbns√∂h¿ I≠n√. _¿Ω]´mfw h∂tXmsS AhcpsS πm\pIƒ XI¿∂p. Gsdk¶Sa\p`hn®n´pw ]Icw ho´mt\m k¶ Sw ]d bmt\m Ai ‡ cmb lnµp °ƒ HSp hn¬ Nne sc ¶nepw HmSn t∏mbn Kh¨sa‚n\p k¶Sw t_m[n∏n°m\pw Kh¨sa‚b® ]´mfØn\p elf°m¿ Hfn®ncn°m\nS bp≈ KqVÿe߃ ]d™psImSp°m\pw CSbmbn. CXmWv lnµp°fpsS Ip‰w. Cu Ip‰Øn \mWs{X am∏nfam¿ IÆn¬°≠ lnµp°sf apgph\pw sIm√m\pw sXm∏nbnSo°m\pw {XoIsf kv _em¬kwKw sNøm\pw t£{Xw \in∏n°m\pw kzØv Ih¿∂psIm≠p t]mIm\pw CS bmb sX∂v am∏nfelfsb A\pIqen°p∂h¿ ]dbp∂Xv G‰hpw Zp¿_p≤nsbbmWp Ipdn°p∂Xv. A{Iaw \SØp∂h¿s°Xncmbn Kh¨sa‚p ap≥]msI k¶Sw t_m[n∏n°m\pw A{Iaw \n¿Øm≥ hcp∂hsc klmbn°m\pw B¿°pw A¿lXbns√∂p ]dbp∂Xp hnNn{Xw Xs∂. ]´mf°m¿ GXhkcØnepw GXp cmPyØnepw elf°msc Aa¿Øms\Sp°mdp≈ \S]Sn Iƒ Gd\m´nepw FSpØp F∂√msX am∏nfelf°mtcmSp am{Xambn {]tXyIw ]ItbmsS {IqcX ImWn®p F∂p ]d™pIqS. Cu ]´mf{]h¿Ø\Øm¬ [mfmw am∏nfamcmb \nc]cm [nIƒ acn®ncn°mw. GXm\pw ]≈nIfpw XI¿∂ncn°mw. F∂m¬ am∏nfelf°m¿ \SØnb \njvTpcXIfptSXns\°mƒ Ihn™ {Iqcamb ]´mf\S]Sn D≠mbn´ps≠∂p ]dbm≥ km[ya √. A`bm¿∞nIymºpIƒ A`bm¿∞nIƒ {ItaW h¿≤n®p. tImgnt°mSvam\m©nd ssaXm\Øpw a‰pambn F{Xtbm A`bm¿∞nIym ºpIƒ ÿm]n °s∏´p. am∏nf am¿ \S Øb cm£ ko bsNbvXIƒ ]{XZzmcm C¥ybnse∂√ temIsaßpw ]c∂p. {IqcXIfpsS km£ywhln°p∂ t^mt´mIfpw sIm√ s∏´h¿, am¿§Øn¬ tN¿°s∏´h¿, apdnth‰h¿, X´ns°m≠pt]mIs∏´h¿ F∂nhcpSs IW
°pIfpw I≠vB¿Øc£m¿∞w BcykamPw, lnµptkhmkwLw, `mc XtkhmkwLw apXembh¿ h∂vDØtc¥ybn¬\n∂pw BXpctkh\w XpSßn. Ah¿ \SØnb IymºpIfn ¬ Rm≥ C∂sØ Hcp {]apJ AUzt°‰pw ]t£ htbmhr≤\pamb Sn. \mcmbW≥ \ºym¿, C. cma≥ta
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t\m≥, hn.B¿. \mb\m¿ apXemb Pt\m]ImcnIfpsa m∂n®v Cu A`bm¿∞ntI{µßƒ kµ¿in ®ncp∂p. ]WvUn‰v Ejodmw, tZh[m¿, tUm. apwtQ, kqcy\mcmbWdmhp XpSßnbh¿ Cu tI{µßfn¬ Znhkhpw h∂vIgnbp∂{X Bizmkw \evInbXv Hm¿°p∂p. lnµp A`bm¿∞nI fpsS D∂a\m¿∞w DSs\ BcytIcfw F∂ HcphmcnIbpw Sn. \mcmbW≥\ºymcpsS ]{Xm[n ]XyØn¬ Ipsd°mew \SØnbncp∂Xn¬ Rm\pw FgpXnbncp∂p. Nne {Inkv XI y≥anj\dnam¿ HmSnh∂v GXm\pw lnµpIpSpw_ßsf {Inkv XpaXØn¬ tN¿Øn sXmgn¬ \ev nb kw`hß fp≠v. ip≤nI¿Ωw \SØn AkwJyw lnµp°sf am∏nf°q´Øn¬\n∂pw hos≠SpØp. kmaq Xncn∏mSpw tIcf{_m“Wcpw Cßs\ lnµp°sf hos≠Sp°p∂Xn¬ A\paXn \ev Insb¶nepw Xm∂mSv F∂ C√t∏cp≈ Hcp C√Ønse AwKØns\ am{Xw ho≠pw lnµphm°nbn√. At±lw ]nem°pfØn¬ tImaptat\ms‚ t£{XØn¬ im¥nbmbncp∂p. tat\ms\bpw kmaqXncntIm fPv s{]m^kdmbncp∂ inhZmkta t\m≥ apX em bhscbpw C…man¬ tN¿Ønb Iq´Øn¬ \ºqXncnbpw s]´p. ]t£ \ºqXncn am{Xw hos≠Sp°s∏´n√. BZy¥w h¿§obw Xp¿°nbn¬ Jnem^Øv \in∏n®Xn\v {_n´ojpImtcmSv Xp¿°n i{XpX ImWn®n√, C…mw Imcyw Xp¿°nbnepw CuPn]vXnepw kuZn Atd_ybnepw Ct¥mt\jybnepw Hs° H∂mbn´pw C¥ybnse ap…o߃ am{Xw {_n´ojpImtcmSv kacw {]Jym]n®Xv \ymbamtWm? C¥y≥ ap…o ߃ am{XamWv bYm¿∞ ap…o߃ F∂p hmZn°mtam? ]ns∂, Jnem^Øv ImcywXs∂ Hcp kmapZmbnIImcyat√? AsXßs\ lnµp, ]m¿kn, {InkvXy≥ F∂oa‰p aX°mscbpw _m[n °p∂ kzmX{¥ykacamIpw? XpS°Ønse kmapZmbnI elf, Ahkm\w ISpØ h¿§ob˛ap …o߃ \SØnb GI]£obamb elfbmbncp∂p 1921˛teXv. F∂m¬ C¥ybv°p kzmX {¥yw sImSp°m≥ aSn®ncp∂ {_n´ojp Kh¨sa‚ns\ ]e{]ImcØnepw FXn¿°m≥ C¥ym °m¿ kacwsNbvXn´pw {]mtbW sambvXpauehnsbt∏mep≈ Hcp]nSn tZiobap…o߃ Hgn ®p≈ ap…oßsf√mw kzmX{¥ykacØn¬\n∂vHgn™pamdn. Ignbp∂{X {_n´ojpImsc klm bn®ncp∂Xv kzmX{¥ykacØn\p k‡n Ipdbv°p∂Xmbn Km‘nPn apXemb Nne tZiobt\ Xm°∑m¿ a\nem°n. X° ImcWan√msXsb¶nepw Jnem^Øns‚ t]cn¬ C¥ybnse ap…o ߃ {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚ns\ FXn¿°m≥ tamln°p∂Xp a\nem°n Km‘nPn, Ahscbpw Iq´p]nSn®v kacw XpSßnbm¬ C¥ybpsS tamN\hpw thKamhp w F∂p hnNmcn®v Ahsc A\p {Kln® Hscm‰ ImcyamWv Cu am∏nfelfsb kzmX{¥ykacam°n sh≈]qim≥ Nnesc t{]cn ∏n ®Xv. Km‘n Pn °pt]mepw A{Iamk‡cmb Cu am∏nfamsc hnizkn®Xv Hcp henb sX‰m sb∂p t_m≤ys∏´Xn\v B alm≥ ]n∂oSv elfsb A[nt£]n®v ]eXhW {]kwKn®Xpw
FgpXnbXpw aXnbmbsXfnhmWv. Km‘nPn°njvSapt≠m Fs∂m∂pwam∏nfelf°m¿ t\m°m≥ _m≤yÿc√ F∂ \nebn¬ Ah¿ XßfpsS ktlmZcßfmbn IcpXs∏tS≠. lnµp°fpsS t\sc \n¿Zbamb B{IaWw Agn®phn´ Sn∏phpw a‰pw sNbvXXpt]mse F√mhcpw ap…o߃ BhWw, kzØp apgph≥ ap…o߃t° ]mSp≈q, A√mØhsc Im^n¿Ifmbn IcpXn hIhcp ØWsa∂v elfØeh∑m¿ Xo¿®s∏SpØn. AXn\m¬ elf k¿∆hym]Iambn, lnµpkap Zmbw h√msX XI¿∂p. Cu sambvXpauehn t]mepw Jnem^Øv {]ÿm\w HSphn¬ Cßs\ _o`’amhpsa∂p IcpXnbn´p≠mhn√. am∏nfam¿ lnµp°sf Cßs\ \in∏n°m≥ {ian®Xn \pt]mepw Ipsd Ip‰°m¿ {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚p Xs∂sb∂p ]d™v auehn kam[m\n°m≥ t\m°nbXpsIm≠pam{Xw am∏nfelf ae_m¿elfbpw kzmX{¥ykachpamhp∂n√. 1928 a[yØn¬ lfÿeßfmb ISep≠n, aÆq¿, XncqcßmSn, \º{º, sh∂nbq¿, ap∂n bq¿, thßc, DucIw, Iogadn, ]qt°m´q¿, h≈ph{ºw, Xr∏\»n, apXph√q¿, Nmenb{ºw, ]d ∏q¿, Acot°m´v, aºmSv, Xncphmen, Du¿ßm´ncn, ]m≠n°mSv, sN{º°m´q¿ , Xp∆q¿, ]p∂∏me, hmWnbºew, Im´neßmSn, H´q¿ apXemb 10 0˛e[nIw Awißfn¬ DtZymKkw_‘ambn k© cn®v elfbv°v ]m{Xo`qXcmb ÿeßsfbpw t\cn¬°≠p hnhcw tiJcn®Xn¬\n∂pw B elfAkwJyw lnµp°sfIpSpw_°mscbpw \in∏n®v ap…ow{]mamWyw ÿm]n°m\p≈ G‰hpw henb Hcp°tØmSpIqSnb am∏nf elfXs∂bmbncp∂p F∂v F\n°v Adnbphm≥ km[n®p.
52
53
Gd\mSv Iem]w Hm´wXp≈¬
am∏nfelfsb∏‰n A⁄mX\mamhmb Hcp {KmaoW≥ hncNn® Cu Hm´wXp≈¬ ]gb Xeap dbnse ]e¿°pw a\x∏mTamWv. Hcp kplrØns‚ ssIbn¬\n∂pw e`n® {Zhn®pXpSßnbHcp Xmfntbme{KŸØn¬\n∂pw Xncs™SpØ GXm\pw `mKßfmWv ChnsS sImSpØn´p≈Xv.
Bbnchpw ]p\c∆Æw sXmÆq dmsamcmdpw tN¿s∂mcph¿tj tIcf `qaus]´ hn]Ø[nIjvSw Bsbmcp hm¿ØIfJneapc∏m \mbhcmcpw `qanbn¬ \mkvXn. Z£nWae_m¿ tZiØn¬]c˛ a£acmbn´ps≈mcp tPm\I cp≈sagps∂mclw aXntbmSXn `≈p\Sn®hsc´pw ]Øpw Iqen∏ehgn h∂nlsN∂nSIq´ns∏cnsbmcp kwLwtN¿∂pw I≈tØms°mSpw sh≈n∏nSnt®¿Øps≈mcp IØnIƒ I´mc߃ hmsfmSp Ip¥w ZWvUpw ]eXcambp[ta¥ns°m≠v ap√Iƒ apkeym¿ Xß∑mcpw a√nSphm≥ Nne I√∑mcpw AØ≥ Benbpw ahdm≥ hocm˛ s\msØmcpan®hcßs\ ]ecpw ]e]e hoSpIƒ Np´pIcn®pw ]e am\pjscs°m∂papSn®pw. h≠q¿ Icphm¿Ip≠p \neºq¿ sImt≠m´n ^tdm°cnb√qcpw taem‰qcp s]cn¥¬aÆ \√q¿ ]mgq¿ hmg°mSpw at©cn Xncq¿ Xm\q¿ a‰pw k©mcØn\p Ignhn√mXmbv Xob∑m¿ ]e¿ kwLwtN¿∂pw hømXmbn∏m™phe™pw X´m∑m¿ Nne¿ sR´nhnd®h˛ scm´√\h[n Iq´tØmsS BimcnIfpw aqimcnIfpw \miwhcpsat∂m¿Øhtc‰w sIm√∑mcpw sX√p{`an®h˛
53 54
c√¬apgpØp IpSpw_ktaXw hs®mcpI™nIpSn°m\hcpsS sIm®pInSmßfpsa√mw IqSn G‰wtXmSpIƒ ]pgIƒ IS∂pw amdn¬ Ichpw tN¿Øhsc√mw \mcmbWs\ \n\®pKan®m¿. BSpIƒ amSpIsf∂nhsb∏nSn IqSn h[n®p]Nn®p `pPn®pw s]s´∂p IS∂dIfneps≈mcp s]´nIƒ ]ØmbmZnIƒ ]eXpw s]´nsbSpØpsNmSn®Xn\p≈n¬ s]s´mcp]Whpw s\√pasXms° sbSpØpIcÿaXm°n˛ aÆqcn¬ Nne am\pjscsbh¿ aÆq¿°mbYbm{Xbpam°n. A¥Wcn¬ Nne hºsct\m°n ´¥I]pcnbXn¬ bm{Xbpam°n K¿`nWnamcpsSbpZtcsh´n˛ ´¿`Iscbpw IqsS apSn®pw aXt`Z߃ hcpØn®nesc NnXa√msX Na®phe®p. XeapSnsb√mw tOZn®hcpsS Xebn¬ sXm∏n[cn∏n®pSs\. hmcnb¶p∂n¬hmgpw lmPnbm∑mcpw Xs‚ Imcnb°mcmbp≈ ZpjvSk©bßfpw hº≥ apkenbmcpw ap≥]cmw Xß∑mcpw h∑∑mcmb a‰p _u≤kwLßfpw X¬£Ww hnhn[amw ZpjvI¿Ωw XpSßn\m¿ Xoh≠n∏mew tdepw IºnIƒ \√\S ∏meßsf√mw XI¿t؉w Xnh¿ØpsIm≠v \mSpwapSn®pSs\ hoSpw XI¿Øp]mcw ImSpIƒ tXmdpw hkn®oSp∂p ZpjvSh¿§w. A∂pXncqcßmSnbn¬ tPm\I¿ ap∂qdn¬]csamsØmcpan®p. AΩamsc∏nSn®pΩamcm°nbpw P∑nIsf∏nSn® Ωm\amSnbpw iq{ZIptemØabmsbmcp\mcnsb F{Xbpw ZpjvScmw tPm\I¿sIm≠pt]mbv
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\mev]Xp\mfßp]mcw ]cn{Kln˛ ®∏Snhos≠SpØoizcm\p{KlØm¬. Aºesa√mw X®pXI¿Øpw IºnIƒ sdbnepIsfms°apdn®pw tImSXnb·nsImfpØnsbcn®pw ]oSnI X®pXI¿Øps]mSn®pw I≠h¿ IWvTw IcNcWmZnIƒ sIm≠p\nd®nXp Iq]XSmIw NXnb∑mcnh¿ Nne am\pjsc NXnbn¬ kv\m\w sNøn∏n\mbv sIm≠pKan®h¿ hncshmSpIWvTw I≠n®ßpPeØn¬ adn®p. AXnI]SNnØcmbps≈mcp tPm\I¿ aXnIcpXnam\sk lnµph¿§ßsf XzcnXanlaµntc sN∂ptIdo´h¿ ZpcnXIcambp≈ lnwksNbvXoSn\m¿ ]e]e KrlmZnIƒ sIm≈nhs®{Xbpw Nnesc \nPN¿Ωhpw th¿s]SpØn£Ww. ehWPeaßXn¬ tN¿Øpa¿±n®pS≥ hnhn[ah¿ {]mW\pw th¿s]SpØp∂nXp. F¥psNbvhXp]mcw X¥phmb∑mcpw a‰pw l¥pIpSpw_tØmsS F√msamgn®pXs‚ Ip´nIƒ N´nIfpw sI´nb s]Æpßfpw s]´nbpw sI´nt∏dn K¿`nWnamcpw ]mcw hr≤∑mcmbpt≈mcpw \n¿`mKyhimenh sct∏cpsamcpan®p \mSpsamgn®p.... hkv{XtIimZnIfpsa{Xbpw aen\ambv \n{Zmi\mZnIfpw IqSmsX hmWoSp∂p. FØnt®c∂hcca\X∂n¬ kXzcanßs\ ]e]e kwLw a‰pw NneNne km[pP\ßfp ta‰aW™nXp `q]kaot] Cßs\bp≈\ncm{ibsc ]p\ cßh\n]Xnc£n®hnsS ******************* If{XsØ amfØnem°nKan®nXpt]mcn\mbn BbXdn™h≥X∂psS tkmZc≥ sambv Xnb≥ lmPnXm≥ZpxJw I´psIm≠oSn\m≥ ]Xv\nsb°mWm™p apgpØ≥ bXv\n®p]mcwhiwsI´p {Ip≤\mbv
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tkmZc≥Xs∂bpw ]Xv\nsbØs∂bpw kmZcw Ime∂q¿°b®oSph≥ F∂p i]Yhpw sNbvXp]eZnin \∂mbvØnc™ßp ImSpwaeIfpw kw{`an®ßp \S°p∂hocs\ sNºdt»cnbn¬h®p ]nSn®nXp H´p\mfnßs\ h´wXncn®h¿ s]s´∂pcp≠bm¬ \jvSam°oSn\m¿ k¿∆wJnem^Øp ÿm]n°phm≥ Xp\n ™p¿∆n°p `mchpw XocpamdmbXp ImI≥ Ipfn°pIn¬ sIm‰nbmboSptam? NmIm≥ Xp\n™hc√tbm sNm√phn≥ Xncphfhnekpw {iohtf\mSptZti ]cnsNmSpacphpw `{ZImfo sXmgpt∂≥ s]cnbZpcnXsa√mw thcdpsØs∂ \nXyw IcpWsbmSpXpW®w_ntI tZhnamtb!! Hcp e£w A`bm¿∞nIƒ ""Hcp sIm√Øn\Iw kzcmPyw ssIhcpw,AXnte°p≈ BZysØ Im¬hbv]v 1921 BKÃv 1se ae_m¿ elfbmbncp∂p. aq∂mgvN°mew Bbp[߃ k÷am°nbXn\ptijw B Pn√ bnse am∏nfam¿ Iemamcw`n®p. {_n´ojv`cWahkm\n®psh∂pw Ah¿ kzX{¥cmsW∂pap≈ {]NmcWØn¬ Ah¿ hnizkn®p. Ah¿ Jnem^ØvcmPyw ÿm]n®p; Hcp cmPmhns\ IncoS[m cWw sNøn®p; Iq´m°mØ lnµp°sf apgph≥ \m´n¬\nt∂mSn®p. DSpXpWn°p adpXpWnbn√m sX, F√mw A]lcn°s∏´p. Hcp e£tØmfwt]¿ A`bm¿∞nIfm°s∏´p. Bbnc°W°n\p am∏nfamcpw t]mcmSn acn®p.'' ˛ B\n_k‚ v, ^yq®¿ Hm^v s]mfn‰nIvkv C≥ C≥Uy
ae_mdnse lnµp°fpsS ta¬ am∏nfam¿ \SØnbtNmcachn∏n°p∂ A{Ia߃ Ah¿Æ\o bßfmbncp∂p. Z£nW`mcXsam´msI F√m A`n{]mb°mcpamb lnµp°ƒ°nSbn¬ `bm\I amb `oXn ]S¿∂p]nSn®p. ae_mdn\p shfnbnep≈ hgn]ng® Nne Jnem^Øv t\Xm°∑m¿, aXØn\pth≠n am∏nfam¿ \SØnb [ockacØn\v Ahsc A\ptamZn®psIm≠v {]tab߃ ]mm°nbt∏mƒ lnµp°fpsS `bmi¶Iƒ ]Xn∑Sßv h¿≤n®p. ˛ tUm. Awt_ZvI¿ C…manI`cWIqSsa∂mses¥∂p ae_m¿ \sΩ ]Tn∏n®p. Jnem^Øv cmPv C\nbpw Bh¿Øn ®pImWm≥ \mw B{Kln°p∂n√. ae_mdn\p shfnbnep ≈ ap…o߃ AhtcmStßb‰w klm \p`qXnbp≈hcmbncp∂psh∂v AhcpsS \ymboIcWßfn¬\n∂pw a\nem°mw. kzaXw Ahsc ]Tn∏n®X\pkcn®v {]h¿Øn°pI am{Xw Ah¿ sNbv Xp≈psh∂p Km‘nPn ]d™Xpw CXn\p sXfnhmWv. Bbncn°mw; ]t£ ]cºcmKXamb aXm\pjvTm\߃ Dt]£n°m≥ Xømdn√m Øhsc sh´nbpw sIm∂pw sIm≈sNbvXpw am\`wKs∏SpØnbpw B´ntbmSn°p∂h¿°v Hcp ]cnjvIrXcmPyØn¬ ÿm\an√. ˛ tUm. B\n_k‚ v
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ae_mdnse am∏nfelf Ign™bpSs\ Rm≥ AhnsS t]mbn´p≠mbncp∂p. ]Øpe£w apl ΩZobsc \mev]Xpe£w lnµp°ƒ `bs∏´ncp∂ B ImgvN Rm≥ A∂v AhnsS Fs‚ IÆp Iƒ sIm≠p I≠p. ˛ cho{µ\mYSmtKm¿ hym]vXn, Bkq{XWw, elf°m¿ \SØnb AXymNmc߃ F∂nhsb IW°nseSpØm¬, am∏nfelfbv°v ae_mdns‚ Ncn{XØn¬ am{Xa√ `mcXØns‚ apgph≥ Ncn{XsaSpØmepw AXpeyamb ÿm\amWp≈Xv. ˛ aZncmin sabn¬, 18˛11˛1921
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elfsb∏‰n Ipamc\mim≥ (am∏nfelfsb hnhcn®psIm≠p≈ almIhnbpsS "Zpchÿ'bnse hcnIfmWnhnS D≤cn°p ∂Xv. Cu hcnIƒ ap…oßsf Ahtlfn°emsW∂pw AXn\m¬ Ah \o°w sNøWsa∂pw At±ltØmSmhiys∏´ Hcp ap…owkwLS\bv °v alIhn sImSpØ adp]Sn as‰mcnSØv tN¿Øn ´p≠v) tIcf Pn√bn¬ tIZmchpw ImSp˛ aqcpw aeIfpam¿∂ Zn°n¬ {IqcalΩZ¿ Nn¥p∂ sslµh t®mcbm¬ tNms∂gptad\m´n¬. Imfp∂ ]¥ßƒ Xosh´nIfnh tafn® Zo]vXn ]c∂pImWmbv D{Kambv ®qgpancp ´ns‚ a≤ysØm˛ c·nabamw XpcpØpt]mse {IqcapJhpw ISpØXSnbpambv ]mcw `b¶cctøm ssIbn¬ Imfpw hm°Ønbpw tXm°pw hSnbpap˛ ≈mfpIsfßpw sRcpßn°mWmbv XmSnIƒ \o´nbpw sh´n∏ehn[w t]SnbΩmdp sXdpØph®pw sXm∏nbn´pw Nne¿ Ip∏mban´pa˛ ßev]w Nne¿ \neb¶nbm¿∂pw. IjvSw ImWmboXkwJywt]sc√mcpw ZpjvSalΩZcm£k∑m¿ Iq¿tØmcncpºptIm¬ sIm≠ItØ aXn¬ IpØn®ne¿ \n∂nSn®nSp∂p. I´nIqSoSpw IXIpIƒ sImt≠mßn sh´p∂tlm Nne¿ sh◊gphm≥ Xmt°m¬ e`n°phm≥ Imcyÿs\®ne¿ t\m°nØnc°n¬ \S∂nSp∂p. tXmsg°mgn°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ a\bv°se˛ bmƒ°mcW™mehsct\m°n˛ D≤X∑m¿]ns∂ tIm]w kln°m™p NØphotWmsc®hn´oSp∂p. ip≤nbn√mØ aebmf`mjbn¬ {Ip≤n® k`y߃s®m√ns®m√n Xmt\ Nne¿ Ienbm¿∂ aZwsh´p˛ am\t]m¬ Iq°nhnfn®oSp∂p. tLmcan»_vZ߃ ams‰mens°m≠tlm
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ZqcØncp´paednSp∂p. "Atøm Imcyÿs\ ZpjvScnXm]n∂n¬ IøpIƒ sI´n°p\n®p\n¿Øn lm ]m]w! hmsfm∂p ]mfp∂nXmbnSn˛ Øot]mse XZvKf\mfßsfS, Np‰padIfnep≈ ]cnP\w ap‰Øp NmSn\n∂oSpw ap≥t] IjvSw \new]Xn°p∂nXm ]mh߃ sh´pItf‰pw shSnIƒsIm≠pw tLmcw! ih߃ ]nS™Sn™pw Np‰pw tNmcs®t©meNpgn™p]m™pw ]mh\amw ap‰ant∏mƒ `cWn\mƒ Imhn¬°pcpXn°fw IW°mbv F∂√p]cnsbmgn™tXm°n≥hmbn¬ \n∂pt]mbv [qa]nWvU߃ \osf ]mXncmhmbn XWp∏m¿∂ hmbphn¬ `qX߃t]msebng™nSp∂p! Blm tæ—∑mcmImbn¬ ISt∂mtcm kmlkw sNbvIbmbv kv{XoP\Øn¬ a®nt∑¬\n∂p \nehnfn tIƒ°p∂p, at®X\ ]nSbp∂nXp≈n¬! Iq´n¬ ISt∂ a¬{]mhn≥]nSIsf˛ °m´pt]m°m∑m¿t]mses‚ iwt`m! ZpjvSapk¬am∑m¿ tIdn∏nSn°tbm sI´n\IØp≈ _eamsc Aøtøm Im¿Im¥¬ Np‰nbnt÷m\I˛ °øcng®nXm ap‰sØØn {iotZhn, koXmNncpX XpSßnb `qtZhkv{XoIfpw Zmknamcpw Btcma¬ ta\nam¿ IjvSw]nSbp∂o˛ {Iqc¿X≥ ssIIfntemtcmtcm t]¿. Hmtcm Im¿sIm≠en≥ tImWn¬]nSs™gp˛ tamtcm s]m∑n∂¬s°mSnIƒt]mse, "A√√sbs¥√mw sNøp∂p Iivae¿ \√m¿ P\ßsf˛ Im¨Ihtø! AΩamcnt√ ktlmZcnamcnt√˛ bnΩq¿J¿°oizcNn¥bnt√?' ]q´dIpØns∏mfns®SpØ [q¿Ø¿ s]m∂pw ]Wßfpw ]≠ßfpw aqØpXSn® elfØehs‚ ap≥]n¬sIm≠∂p S≥ Iq´p∂Xpw sIm≈°mscms° ]IpsØSp°p∂Xpw,
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sIm≈sh®n√w Zln∏n®Xpw. A≈mb√msXmcp ssZhwaemf˛ Øn√mXm°oSphnt\Xp sNbvXpw' Ct∏mgpw s\©p InXbv°p∂ntXtbm¿Øm˛ ent∏mgpw ho¿∏pXSbp∂ntX.
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am∏nfelfbpw almIhn Ipamc\mim\pw bix»coc\mb Ipamc\mim≥ elf°meØv am∏nfam¿ sNbvX lo\IrXy߃ Xs‚ "Zpch ÿ'bn¬ hnhcn®n´p≠t√m. ImhyIYbv°v sImgp∏pIq´m≥th≠n Aev]w AXnitbm‡n Ie¿Ønbn´p≠v B hnhcWßfn¬ F∂pwa‰pw Nne ip≤mflm°ƒ IcpXmdp≠v. F∂m¬ hmkvXhw AX√. elf°meØv Pohn®ncp∂ almIhn efsb kw_‘n®v t\cn´v Adn™n ´p≈ hmkvXhßsf ASnÿm\am°n FgpXnbn´p≈XmWv B hcnIƒ. CXp sXfnbn°p∂ Bims‚ Hcp IØv Xmsg tN¿°p∂p:
tXm∂bv°¬, 98 hr›nIw 28 ""ap…ow bphP\kwLw ImcyZ¿in Ah¿Iƒ°v, Be∏pg am\ysc "\nßfpsS 24˛mw XobXnbnse IØpw {]Xntj[tbmKØnse {]tabØns‚* ]I¿∏pw In´n. "Zpchÿ' F∂ Fs‚ IrXnbn¬ \n ßfpsS aXsØbpw kapZmbsØbpw s]mXpsh]¿in kv °p∂Xmbn kt`yXcamb bmsXmcp hm°pw {]tbmKn®n´p≈Xmbn Hm¿°p∂n√. ae_mdn¬ elf \SØnb A{IanIfmb aplΩZobscbpw aX{`m¥ns\ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈ AhcpsS ss]imNnI {]hrØnIsfbpw AXn¬ ImhytbmKyambhn[Øn¬ h¿Æn®n´p≠v. B kµ¿`ßfn¬ ckm \pKpWambpw elfsb kw_‘n®v Rm≥ Adn™n´p≈ hmkvXhßsf ASnÿm\am°nbpw sNbvXn´p≈ ]Z{]tbmK߃ Ahscbpw AhcpsS {]hrØnIsfbpw am{Xw Ipdn°p∂hbmWv . Zqcÿamb aXsØtbm kapZmbsØtbm AXpIƒ hnh£n°p∂n√. im¥amb a\ÿnXn tbmSpIqSn ]pkvXIw ZbhpsNbvXv Hcn°¬IqSn hmbn®pt\m°nbm¬, hmkvXhw \n߃°p Xs∂ shfnhmIp∂XmWv. B IrXnbpsS Dt±iywXs∂ kapZmb]cnjvIcWamIp∂p. Hcp ImhyØn¬ tZmjßsf kqNn∏n°p∂Xv Ahbn¬\n∂v ap‡am°n hy‡nIsfbpw kapZmbsØbpwip≤nIcn°Wsa ∂p≈ kZp t±i ytØm SpIqSnbmWv. Cu IrXnbnepw A{]Imcta sNbvXn´p≈q. lnµpaXØn sebpw aplΩZpaXØnsebpw DØamZ¿i߃°pw c≠paXØnsebpw DØam\pbmbnIƒ°pw AXn¬ Bt£]m¿lambn H∂pw D≠mbncn°ns√∂mWv Fs‚ ZrVambhnizmkw. hntijn®pw ]e kwKXnbnepw F\n°p _lpam\ap≈ ap…owaXsØbpw A\h[n tbmK y∑mcpw F\n°pXs∂ ]e am\ykv t\lnX∑mcpap≈ \nßfpsS kapZmbsØbpw hrYm Bt£ ]n®v AXr]vXn kºmZn∏m\p≈ Dt±iytØmSpIqSnbmWv Cu IrXn FgpXm≥ Rm≥ kabh ybw sNbvXsX∂p Xocpam\n°p∂Xv IjvSat√? AXpsIm≠v, hrYm sX‰n≤cn®v t£m`ap≠m°mXncn∏m≥ {]Xntj[tbmK°mtcmSvRm≥ kvt\l]q¿hw At]£n°p∂Xmbn Adnbn∏m≥XmXv]cys∏Sp∂p. F∂v, F≥. Ipamc\mim≥ (F≥._n.Fkv. hnXcWw sNøp∂ {io. kn.hn. Ip™pcmas‚ "Bims‚ kvacWIƒ' F∂ {KŸØn¬\s∂SpØXv) * Be∏pg ap…owbph P\ kwL Øns‚ {]tabw:˛ "F≥ Ipamc\mim≥ Ah¿Iƒ cNn®n´p≈
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"Zpchÿ' F∂ ]ZyIrXnbn¬ C…mwaXsØbpw kapZmbsØbpw AImcWambpw ASnÿm \clnXambpw Ahtlfn°pIbpw A[nt£]n°pIbpw sNøp∂ H´t\Iw {]tbmK߃ ImWp ∂Xn\m¬, {^kvXpX IrXntbmSv ap…o߃°p≈ shdp∏ns\ Cu tbmKw tcJs∏SpØp∂p. ]ckv]cw kulmZ¿±Øn¬ h¿Øn®phcp∂lnµp˛ap…owkapZmbßsf `n∂n∏n°mXncn°p∂ Xn\pw ap…o߃°p≠mbn´p≈ Ah⁄sb C√mXm°p∂Xn\pwth≠n {]kvXpX IrXnbpsS {]kn≤oIcWsØ ]n≥hen°Wsa∂v Cu tbmKw At±ltØmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂p.'
