mansabdari system.docx

HISTORY : MANSABDARI SYSTEM

MANSABDARI SYSTEM

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO : DR. PRIYADARSHINI PROJECT SUBMITTED BY : NAWEES AKHTER ROLL NO: 566 1ST SEMESTER

1 CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES – The project essentia! ai"s to #in$ %hat "ansa&sari s!ste" "eant an$ %hat %as the i"portance o# "ansa&$ari s!ste" in the "'(ha era) Moreo*er+ the researcher has trie$ to co"parati*e! ana!se "ansa&$ari s!ste" an$ its e##ects in the rei(n o# each an$ e*er! "'(ha r'er)

RESEARC, MET,ODO-O.Y / The researcher has 'se$ secon$ar! so'rces o# re#erence #or the p'rpose o# this project an$ the "etho$oo(! 'se$ in this project is (enera! co"parati*e an$ $escripti*e) The too o# co"parison has &een a$opte$ %here*er necessar! an$ an atte"pt has &een "a$e to 'n$erstan$ an$ reso*e the pro&e" in*o*e$ therein)

SOURCES O0 RESEARC, – The "ajor so'rces o# o'r research inc'$es Secon$ar! so'rce o# $ata coecte$ #ro" Boo1s+ Internet+ an$ artices)



INDEX

INTRODUCTION RANKING OF THE MANSABDARS

PAGE

4 6

ZAT AND SAWAR

11

MANSABDARI OF AKBAR

13

CHANGES IN MANSABDARI SYSTEM

14

MANSABDARI OF AURANGZEB

15

CONCLUSION

16

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1



CHAPTER!1 INTRODUCTION

The M'(has r'e$ In$ia #ro" 2345 AD+ %hen Ba&'r $e#eate$ I&rahi" -o$i at the Batte o# Panipat+ ti 2676 AD %hen the E"peror A'ran(8e&$ie$ an$ therea#ter no"ina! ti the In$ian Re&eion o# 2936) :hen Ba&'r in*a$e$ In$ia to esta&ish his 1in($o" his ar"! consiste$ o# tri&es an$ cans that #oo%e$ hi" #ro" ;a&'+ so"e joine$ hi" ater+ a#ter the Batte o# Panipat+ he a%ar$e$ the ea$ers o# these tri&es an$ cans in accor$ance to their per#or"ance in the &atte an$ "an! o# the" %ho ha$ joine$ Ba&'r #or the &oot!+ chose to ret'rn to their ho"es)

B"#$% "&' H$(")$& %$*+' ,-+% +%%/,%) 0" "2 &, ,, "% *$&. A+% 0+ %/#+2 "&' 0+ *"&2 0" 0"' ,/&+' B"#$% ,% #,,) %+$%&+' "+% 0+ B"*+ , P"&/7"8 0+/% 7*"+ "2 "9+& #) ,%+/& "'-+&$%+%28 U#+928 P+%2/"&28 A%"#28 T$%92 + 0, 0%,&+' , 0+ ,$% /0 ,&/&+&2 , %,,72. S/&+ 0+ M$0"*2 +%+ ,%+/&+%2 0+%+ +%+ &, 0+%+'/"%) &,#*+2 %+*"+' , 0+ %$*+%2 ,% "&/+& "(/*/+2 , '+7+&' $7,&8 0+ ,$% ,&2/2+' , "'-+&$%+%2 %,( '/+%+& &"/,&28 0+ %$*+% %"/2+' 0+( , '/&/) ,% '+%"'+' 0+(; $7 , 0+ +"%*) %$*+ , A9#"% 0+ M$0"* "%(/+2 ,&2/2+' , ,&/&+&2 ,(("&'+' #) 0+2+ "'-+&$%+%2. 1

A1&ar + Ba&'rth !ear o# his r'e) The s!ste" cassi#ie$ the #'nctionaries o# the 1in($o" as #i(hters+ =asha&/'

o# the e"pire a&o*e the ran1 o# a sepo! or a ser*ant he$ an ar"! ran1+ the o%est %as the co""an$er o# t%ent! the hi(hest the co""an$er o# se*en tho'san$)

' CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


CHAPTER!< RANKING OF THE MANSABDARS

Mansa&s %ere ran1e$ as o# 6+777+ 5+777+ 3+777+ inter*as o# 377 &et%een 3+777 an$ 2+777+ inter*as o# 277 &et%een 2+777 an$ 477+ inter*as o# 37 &et%een 477 an$ 277+ #ina! inter*as o# 47 &et%een 277 an$ 47) Mansa&s %ere o# three casses+ 6+777 to +777 / =A"ir/i/A8a"< the (reater no&es 4+377 to 377 / =A"ir<+ no&e 77 to 47 / =Mansa&$ar< o##ice ho$er) Co""an$ers o# hi(her ran1s %ere o# three casses accor$in( to the proportion o# horse"en+ #irst cass i# the %hoe co""an$ %as o# =horse<+ secon$ cass i# the =horse< ee"ent %as "ore than ha# an$ thir$ cass i# ess than ha#) Co"pensation per ann'" starte$ at r'pees 37+777 %ith inter*as o# 37+777 &et%een "ansa&s o# 6+777 an$ 3+777 r'pees 437+777 %ith inter*as o# 43+777 &et%een "ansa&s o# 3+777 an$ 2+777 the "ansa& o# 47 recei*e$ 2+777) Co"pensation %as either =na$i< "eanin( cash co"pensation or &! the re*en'e o# a =ja(ir<+ an area o# an$ %hich %as not (i*en to the ="ansa&$ar< &'t he co'$ 'se the re*en'e #ro" the an$ #or his epenses an$ co"pensation) The ="ansa&< co'$ &e increase$ or $ecrease$ on the %ishes o# the r'er an$ reports o# per#or"ance an$ t%o ists %ere "aintaine$+ =,a8ir/i/ri1ah< present at co'rt an$ =Ta/inat< on $'t! ese%here) 0or a "iitar! "ansa& an appication co'$ &e "a$e #or a "ansa& %ith troops or %itho't troops) Those app!in( #or a "ansa& %ith troops &ro'(ht their retainers+ "o'nte$ an$ e'ippe$ at their epense+ these %ere 1no%n as =sia$ars< an$ their "en %ere 1no%n as =&a(irs<) ?The s!ste" contin'e$ 'n$er the British ti 2>2)@ :hen a sia$ar &ro'(ht his "en+ the! %ere para$e$ #or inspection+ their $escripti*e ros %ere prepare$ an$ the horses %ere &ran$e$ these "ansa&$ars %ere pai$ #or the "aintenance o# horses an$ the saaries o# the "en) Men consi$ere$ #it to co""an$ &'t ac1in( reso'rces %ere (i*en "one! to p'rchase horses an$ recei*e$ the saaries o# the "en on!) Men %ho co'$ not &e "ansa&$ars &'t too (oo$ to &e e"po!e$ as so$iers %ere (i*en the hi(her ran1 o# a =aha$i4<) 2 Ahadi is an Iranian surname ( CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


Miitar! "ansa&$ars %ere re'ire$ to "aintain troops accor$in( to the "ansa& inc'$in( &easts o# &'r$en+ eephants+ ca"es+ "'es+ carts etc+ the! "aintaine$ horses #or their troopers an$ a prescri&e$ n'"&er in their o%n sta&es) The Mansa&$ars (ot their ca*ar!"en?horse ri$ers@ #or re*ie%+ their horses &ran$e$ FDA. or C,E,RA@an$ (ot the" re(istere$ %ith each an$ e*er! $etai ?$escription roe o# the horse 1no%n as ?,U-IA@G Miitar! co""an$ %as at the %i o# the e"peror+ A1&ar he$ that an!one co'$ &e a "iitar! co""an$er an$ o#ten appointe$ co""an$ers %ho ha$ no "iitar! 1no%e$(e or eperience) Ja(ir %as a piece o# an$ he$ &! the "ansa&$ar %hich %as (rante$ &! the S'tan) Mansa&$ars %ere (i*en contro o*er an area o# an$+ a =ja(ir< %hose re*en'e %as to &e 'se$ #or "aintainin( troops i# not (i*en a =ja(ir< the! %ere pai$ in cash thro'(h a co"picate$ acco'ntin( s!ste"+ %ith $e$'ctions #or *ario's thin(s inc'$in( =the risin( o# the "oon< it %as a nor"a practice to pa! #or on! ei(ht or ten "onths in the !ear) The "ansa&$ars %ere ao%e$ to 1eep #i*e percent o# the inco"e o# the =ja(ir< or #i*e per cent o# the saaries recei*e$) The acco'ntin( s!ste" %as co"pe+ "ansa&$ars 's'a! &orro%e$ "one! #or epenses an$ %hen the! $ie$ their pri*ate propert! %as sei8e$ a(ainst an! o'tstan$in( &aances) :ith a corr'pt s!ste" o# acco'ntin( an$ inspection *er! #e% "ansa&$ars 1ept their 'nits 'p to stren(th) :hen a "ansa&$ar %as or$ere$ to ta1e part in an epe$ition+ he %as re'ire$ to para$e his 'nit o'tsi$e the paace an$ the e"peror inspecte$ it #ro" a %in$o% in the paace) Ca*ar! "a$e 'p the &'1 o# the Mo(ha ar"! the! enjo!e$ the presti(e o# %arriors) In$i*i$'a troopers too1 (reat care to 1eep the"se*es #it+ the! eercise$+ en(a(e$ each other in "oc1 #i(hts+ practice$ horse"anship+ the! %ere persona! &ra*e an$ traine$ the"se*es #or person to person co"&at+ &'t %ere 'n%iin( to en$an(er their "o'nts &eca'se their saar! $epen$e$ on these there %as no trainin( #or 'nits to act coecti*e!) In#antr! %as $espise$ as $r'$(es+ the! %ere consi$ere$ itte "ore than %atch"en to ('ar$ the &a((a(e+ a&orers+ porters etc) The in#antr! consiste$ o# "atchoc1 "en an$ archers+ in the ratio o# one "atchoc1 "an to #o'r archers &eca'se o# the (reater rate o# #ire o# the archers since &oth

3 www.wi)i*+,i-.o / CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


%eapons ha$ a&o't the sa"e e##ecti*e ran(e there %as no in#antr! trainin(+ no $iscipine an$ *er! itte reiance %as pace$ on the") The =Mir Atish<+ the ="aster ('nner<+ %as responsi&e #or the "an'#act're+ s'pp! o# or$nance an$ %as the artier! co""an$er) .'nners %ere cae$ =(oan$a8+ the! %ere pai$ $irect! #ro" the treas'r! an$ %ere the "ost reia&e part o# the ar"!) The e##icienc! o# the Mo(ha artier! %as poor+ the rate o# #ire %as *er! o% an$ the pieces %ere $i##ic't to "o*e) E'ropeans as artier!"en %ere pri8e$ an$ %ere pai$ as "'ch as ten ti"es the a"o'nt pai$ to ocas) The recr'it"ent o# "en %as &! =casses< it %as speci#ie$ that an o##icer #ro" Iran co'$ not recr'it "ore than one thir$ Mo(has+ the rest ha$ to &e S!e$s or Shei1hs+ A#(hans co'$ not &e "ore than one sith or Rajp'ts "ore than one se*enth o# a #orce) The British a$opte$ this s!ste" o# recr'it"ent &! =casses<) The Mo(ha ar"! consiste$ o# &an$s o# horse"en+ each &an$ in1e$ &! so"e persona o!at! to its ea$er &'t %itho't an! o!at! to the e"peror or an! nationa or rei(io's o!at!) These so$iers o# #ort'ne $epen$e$ on their co""an$ers their pa! %as a%a!s 1ept in arrears to pre*ent $esertion) There %as a theoretica pattern to %hich the ar"! con#or"e$ in &atte this consiste$ o# three $i*isions+ the center+ ri(ht an$ e#t %in(+ each o# these ha$ an a$*ance ('ar$+ a screen o# s1ir"ishers an$ there %as a rear ('ar$ to the %hoe #orce) Once a #or"ation %as a$opte$ there %as *er! itte capa&iit! #or "ane'*er an$ there %as no s!ste" o# co""'nicatin( &et%een the parts) Open co'ntr! %as necessar! #or s'ccess#' action &! a Mo(ha ar"! &eca'se it %as "ost! ca*ar!) The opposin( ar"ies $epo!e$ ('ns on a ine protecte$ &! earth%or1 an$ tie$ to(ether %ith chains or ropes to pre*ent ca*ar! ri$in( thro'(h as Ba&'r ha$ $one at Panipat) Batte starte$ %ith artier! #ire+ the hea*! ('ns #ire$ one ro'n$ e*er! three ho'rs %hie the others a&o't #o'r ro'n$s per ho'r) :hen it %as consi$ere$ that the artier! ha$ s'##icient! $e"orai8e$ the ene"!+ s'ccessi*e char(es %ere $ei*ere$ #ro" one %in( then the other the ca*ar! #irst #ire$ their "atchoc1s an$ arro%s then cose$ %ith the s%or$+ spear an$ the "ace+ #i(htin( %as series o# s1ir"ishes en$in( in in$i*i$'a co"&at) The ca*ar! %as not traine$ to act coecti*e! on & < the &rin(er o# ro'n$ shot+ a ter" aso 'se$ &! the British ti 2936) 0 CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


co""an$+ once $isperse$ it co'$ not &e #or"e$ a(ain &'t since ca*ar! %as the &'1 o# the ar"!+ the o&ject o# the Mo(ha co""an$er %as to en(a(e the ene"! on an open pain %here he 3

co'$ $ei*er a "asse$ char(e o# "ai ca$ %arriors) Up to the ti"e o# A'ran(8e&+ the Mo(has

#ie$e$ "'ch ar(er ar"ies than their opponents an$ 's'a! "ana(e$ to $e#eat their ene"!+ either on the &atte#ie$ or a#ter a sie(e) D'rin( &atte the o*era co""an$er or the 1in( ha$ to pro"inent! sho% his presence on the &atte#ie$+ 's'a! ri$in( an eephant+ the &atte o&jecti*e %as 's'a! the eephant o# the opposin( co""an$er an$ aro'n$ it ra(e$ the #iercest &atte the $ecisi*e e*ent o# a &atte %as the $eath or $isappearance o# the ea$er+ i# he %as 1no%n to ha*e &een 1ie$ or co'$ not &e seen the troops $isperse$ an$ so'(ht their o%n sa#et!) A'ran(8e& %hen #i(htin( his &rothers #or s'ccession+ in t%o &attes+ the ri*a to the throne %as in$'ce$ &! treachero's a$*ice to $is"o'nt an$ their ar"ies a'to"atica! $isperse$ this %as &eca'se the re"'neration o# the ar"! %as #ro" in$i*i$'a princes) The British 'se$ this c'sto" to their a$*anta(e &! 1noc1in( o## the co""an$ers %ith a #o'r/po'n$er artier! piece an$ ca'sin( the $ispersion o# the opponents+ e*ent'a! the princes an$ co""an$ers earnt to ri$e horses instea$ o# eephants an$ not to pro"inent! sho% the"se*es) The E"peror 's'a! $i$ not persona! co""an$ the ar"! 'ness it %as a *er! ar(e #orce in an i"portant ca"pai(n %hen the ar"! "o*e$ o't to %ar %ith the e"peror in co""an$+ the %hoe apparat's o# (o*ern"ent "o*e$ %ith it) A'ran(8e&
' www.i#t+o#+.$o%  CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


s'rro'n$e$ &! a $itch+ hea*! artier! $e#en$e$ the approaches+ the e"peror


CHAPTER!3 ZAT AND SAWAR

The Mansa&$ars %ere $i##erentiate$ &! the Hat an$ the Sa%ar Ran1) The Hat re#erre$ to the n'"&er o# troops "aintaine$ &! the "ansa&$ar an$ the Sa%ar re#erre$ to the n'"&er o# horses "aintaine$ &! the "ansa&$ar) It %as $epen$ent on %hether the 1in( or$ere$ the "ansa&$ar to "aintain "ore horses than his ran1) The cate(ories are sho%n &eo% /No) o# Sa%ar  No) o# Hat K 2st Cass Mansa&$ar /No) o# Sa%ar  2L4 the No) o# Hat K 4n$ Cass Mansa&$ar /No) o# Sa%ar  2L the No) o# Hat K r$ Cass Mansa&$ar A Mansa&$ar %as in the ser*ice o# the state an$ %as &o'n$ to ren$er ser*ice %hen as1e$) A$$itiona!+ the! %ere (ra$e$ on the n'"&er o# ar"e$ ca*ar!"en+ or sawars+ %hich each ha$ to "aintain #or ser*ice in the i"peria ar"!) Th's a "ansa&$ars ha$ a zat + or persona ran1in(+ an$ a sawar + or a troop ran1in() A ser*ants o# the e"pire+ %hether in the ci*i or "iitar! $epart"ents %ere (ra$e$ in this s!ste") There %ere thirt!/three (ra$es o# "ansa&$ars ran(in( #ro" co""an$ers o# 27 to co""an$ers o# 27+777) Ti the "i$$e o# A1&ars rei(n+ the hi(hest ran1 an or$inar! o##icer co'$ ho$ %as that o# a co""an$er o# 3777 the "ore eate$ (ra$es &et%een co""an$ers o# 6777 an$ 27+777 %ere reser*e$ #or the ro!a princes) D'rin( the perio$ #oo%in( the rei(n o# A1&ar+ the (ra$es %ere increase$ 'p to 47+777 or e*en "ore (enera! rs)47/43 per horse %ere pai$ to a "ansa&$ar) Appoint"ent+ pro"otion+ s'spension or $is"issa o# "ansa&$ars reste$ entire! %ith the e"peror) No portion o# a "ansa&$ars propert! %as here$itar!+ a "ansa&$ars chi$ren ha$ to &e(in i#e ane%) A "ansa&$ar $i$ not a%a!s &e(in at the o%est (ra$e) The e"peror+ i# satis#ie$+ co'$ an$ $i$ (rant hi(her or e*en the hi(hest (ra$e to an! person) There %as no $istinction &et%een ci*i an$ "iitar! $epart"ents) Both ci*i an$ "iitar! o##icers he$ "ansa&s an$ %ere ia&e to &e trans#erre$ #ro" one &ranch o# the a$"inistration to another) Each "ansa&$ar %as epecte$ to "aintain prescri&e$ n'"&er o# horses+ eephants+ e'ip"ent+ etc)+ accor$in( to his ran1 an$ $i(nit!) These r'es+ tho'(h initia! strict! en#orce$+ %ere ater sac1ene$) 11 CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


Senior "ansa&$ars %ere a%ar$e$ a ja(ir ?persona #ie#@ rather than a saar!) Rates o# re"'neration+ %hich inc'$e$ &oth the "ansa&$ars saar! an$ so "'ch per sowar + %ere "atche$ &! jagirsa##or$in( a si"iar a((re(ate !ie$) I# their speci#ie$ !ie$ ca"e to "ore+ the s'rp's %as $'e to the i"peria treas'r! i# the jagirdar 6 etracte$ "ore than the speci#ie$ !ie$+ he 1ept it) An! other in#o)) can in1 into an! other

( a jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years 12 CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


CHAPTER!4 MANSABDARI SYSTEM OF AKBAR A1&ar or(ani8e$ the no&iit! an$ his ar"! &! "eans o# the Mansa&$ari s!ste") E*er! o##icer %as assi(ne$ a ran1 *a'e$ in ter"s o# a certain n'"&er o# "o'nte$ so$iers) The ran1s n or"a! (i*en to top o##icers an$ no&es %ere *a'e$ #ro" 27 to 3777 ater raise$ to 6777)The ran1s %ere $i*i$e$ into t%o 8at an$ sa%ar)Hat "eans persona %here &! the stat's an$ saar! o# the in$i*i$'a %as #ie$) O't o# this saar! in a$$ition to "eetin( his o%n persona epenses+ he ha$ to "aintain a stip'ate$ 'ota o# horses+ eephants+ ca "es+ "'es an$ carts) The other ran1 in$icate$ the n'"&er o# ca*ar!"en ?sa%ar@ a "ansa&$ar %as re'ire$ to "aintain) 0or e*er! sa%ar+ a "ansa&$ar %as pai$ at a rate o# Rs 47 per ann'" o*er an$ a&o*e his saar!) A person %as re'ire$ to "aintain as "an! sa%ars as his 8at ran1 %as pace$ in the #irst cate(or! o# that ran1 i# he "aintaine$ ess than ha# then in the thir$ cate(or!) Th's there %ere three cate(ories in e*er! ran1)No one co'$ ha*e a hi(her 'ota o# sa%ars than his 8at ran1)The "ansa& %as not here$itar!) The sa%ar ran1 %as $istin('ishe$ &! t%o specia #eat'res 0or e*er! 27 ca*ar!"en the "ansa&$ar ha$ to "aintain 47 horses an$ a pro*ision %as "a$e that the contin(ents o# the no&es sho'$ &e "ie$ ones that is $ra%n #ro" a the (ro'ps/ M'(ha+ Pathan+ ,in$'stani an$ Rajp't6)This %as inten$e$ to %ea1en the spirit o# tri&a an$ ethnic ec'si*eness) The "ansa&$ars %ere assi(ne$ a ja(ir in ie' o# cash pa!"ent) Atho'(h "o$i#ications in the s!ste" %ere "a$e #ro" ti"e to ti"e this re"aine$ the &asic str'ct're as on( as the E"pire he$ to(ether) The n'"&er o# "ansa&$ars rose #ro" 475> at the ti"e o# Jahan(ir
/ A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. 13 CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


CHAPTER!5 CHANGES IN MANSABDARI SYSTEM C0"&+2 /& A9#"%=2 M"&2"#'"%/ S)2+( Jahan(ir an$ Shah Jahan intro$'ce$ ne% s!ste"s into

the ori(ina "ansa&$ari s!ste" o# A1&ar) :hie the s!ste" intro$'ce$ &! Jahan(ir %as cae$ $'/aspah sih/aspah+ the one &ro'(ht o't &! Shah Jahan %as the "onth/ratio or "onth/scae s!ste")

?i@ D'/aspah sih/aspah s!ste" The ter" $'/aspah sihaspah itera! "eans trooper %ith t%o or three horses) Un$er this s!ste"+ seecte$ no&es co'$ &e ao%e$ to "aintain a ar(e 'ota o# so$iers+ %itho't "a1in( an! chan(e in their Jat ran1) It i"pie$ that a "ansa&$ar or no&e ho$in( $'/aspah sih/aspah ran1 ha$ to "aintain $o'&e the 'ota o# troopers in$icate$ &! his sa%ar ran1) The! %ere pai$ accor$in(!) ?ii@ Month/ratio or Month/scae s!ste" It %as a ne% scain( $e*ice 'n$er %hich the saaries o# "ansa&$ars %ere p't on a "onth scae ten "onths+ ei(ht "onths+ si "onths or e*en ess) The o&i(ations o# the "ansa&$ars #or "aintainin( a 'ota o# sa%ars %ere &ro'(ht $o%n accor$in(!) The "onth/scae s!ste" %as appie$ to &oth ja(irs an$ those %ho %ere pai$ in cash)

The "ansa&sari s!ste" %as not %itho't $e#ects) As the so$iers %ere recr'ite$ an$ pai$ &! the "ansa&$ars+ their o!at! an$ attach"ent %ere to their i""e$iate "aster rather than to the e"peror) This (ap &et%een the e"peror an$ the &'1 o# his ar"! %as a so'rce o# serio's $an(er to the (o*ern"ent)

1& CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


CHAPTER!6 MANSABDARI SYSTEM OF AURANGZEB A'ran(8e&+ %ho %as (i*en the tite  Alamgir  or %or$/sei8er+ &! his #ather+ %as 1no%n #or a((ressi*e! epan$in( the e"pires #rontiers an$ #or his acceptance o# ortho$o S'nni Isa") D'rin(

his

rei(n+

the

M'(ha

e"pire

reache$

its

(reatest

etent

?the Bijap'r an$ .ocon$a S'tanates %hich ha$ &een re$'ce$ to *assaa(e &! Shah Jahan %ere #or"a! annee$@) Atho'(h he %as an o'tstan$in( (enera an$ a ri(oro's a$"inistrator+ M'(ha #isca an$ "iitar! stan$ar$s $ecine$ as sec'rit! an$ ''r! increase$) -an$ rather than cash &eca"e the 's'a "eans o# re"'neratin( hi(h/ran1in( o##icias+ an$ $i*isi*e ten$encies in his ar(e e"pire #'rther 'n$er"ine$ centra a'thorit!) In 256>+ A'ran(8e& rei"pose$ the jizyah ta on Non/M'si"s) This action &! the e"peror+ incite$ re&eion a"on( ,in$'s an$ others in "an! parts o# the e"pire nota&! the Jats+ Si1hs+ an$ Rajp'ts #orces in the north an$ Maratha #orces in the Deccan) The e"peror "ana(e$ to cr'sh the re&eions in the north) A'ran(8e& %as co"pee$ to "o*e his hea$'arters to A'ran(a&a$ in the Deccan to "o'nt a cost! ca"pai(n a(ainst Maratha ('erria #i(hters e$ &! Shi*aji an$ his s'ccessors+ %hich aste$ t%ent!/si !ears 'nti he $ie$ in 2676 at the a(e o# se*ent! nine) In the cent'r! an$ a ha# that #oo%e$+ e##ecti*e contro &! A'ran(8e&s s'ccessors %ea1ene$) The "ansa&$ari s!ste" (a*e %a! to the 8a"in$ari s!ste"+ in %hich hi(h/ran1in( o##icias too1 on the appearance o# aristocrac! %ho %ere here$itar! an$ &arons %ith po%ers o# coectin( rents) As Dehis contro %ane$+ other conten$ers #or po%er e"er(e$ an$ cashe$+ th's preparin( the %a! #or the e*ent'a British ta1eo*er) A'ran(8e&+ as is his #ather &e#ore hi"+ is re"e"&ere$ as a &'i$er/e"peror) The Ba$shahi Masji$ ?I"peria Mos'e@ in -ahore %as constr'cte$ in 256 on his or$ers) It %as not on! the ar(est "os'e e*er &'it &! a M'(ha e"peror &'t %as at that point the ar(est "os'e in the %or$) ,e aso constr'cte$ the Aa"(iri .ate o# the -ahore 0ort+ %hich is to$a! a UNESCO :or$ ,erita(e Site) Moti Masji$ insi$e Dehis Re$ 0ort %as aso #inai8e$ &! hi")

1' CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


CONCLUSION Ba&'r an$ ,'"a!'n r'e$ o*er territor! that %as not too #ar #'n() A#ter the tri&es an$ the cans that ha$ joine$ Ba&'r #or &oot! ret'rne$ a#ter the Batte o# Panipat+ their pace %as ta1en &! #orei(n a$*ent'rers+ U8&e1s+ Persians+ Ara&s+ T'r1s etc %ho thron(e$ to the co'rt %ith contin(ents o# troops) Since the M'(has %ere #orei(ners there %ere no here$itar! no&es reate$ to the r'ers or ancient #a"iies to $epen$ 'pon+ the co'rt consiste$ o# a$*ent'rers #ro" $i##erent nations+ the r'er raise$ the" to $i(nit! or $e(ra$e$ the" 'p to the ear! r'e o# A1&ar the M'(ha ar"ies consiste$ o# contin(ents co""an$e$ & ! these a$*ent'rers)

A1&ar or(ani8e$ the no&iit! an$ his ar"! &! "eans o# the Mansa&$ari s!ste") E*er! o##icer %as assi(ne$ a ran1 *a'e$ in ter"s o# a certain n'"&er o# "o'nte$ so$iers) The ran1s n or"a! (i*en to top o##icers an$ no&es %ere *a'e$ #ro" 27 to 3777 ater raise$ to 6777)The ran1s %ere $i*i$e$ into t%o 8at an$ sa%ar)Hat "eans persona %here &! the stat's an$ saar! o# the in$i*i$'a %as #ie$) O't o# this saar! in a$$ition to "eetin( his o%n persona epenses+ he ha$ to "aintain a stip'ate$ 'ota o# horses+ eephants+ ca "es+ "'es an$ carts) Th's "ansa&$ari s!ste" pro*e$ to &e *er! 'se#' #or the "'(ha e"pire %hich %as #oo%e$ ti cent'ries)

1( CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY


BIBLIOGARPHY

BOO;S

2) E),) Carr) :hat is ,istor! 4) E M)BERN) Me$ie*a histor! .o!a P'&ication ) V)D MA,AJAN ) Me$ie*a ,istor! S) Chan$ an$ P'&ication

INTERNET RESOURCES

2) %%%)histor!t'tion)co" 4) %%%)(oo(e)co" 3. %%%)%i1ipe$ia)or(

1/ CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

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