Fault Modeling 3D Grid Construction Structural Framework
3D Grid Construction Structural Gridding
Property Modeling
Well Log Upscale
Facies & Petrophysical Modeling
Make Horizons Zones & Layering Make contacts & Volume Calculation r o t i d E w o l f k r o W
Make Contacts/Volumetrics Objectives
Define fluid contacts
Visualize fluid contacts
Create a fluid contact property
Principles of Volume Calculation
Create a new case
Create and use outputs.
Make Contacts Overview The Make contacts process facilitates the use of contacts inside a 3D grid. These contacts can be visualized and used for making a contact property.
Make Contacts
Volumetrics
Make Contacts Process Make Contacts Tab Make contacts is the last process under Corner Point Gridding. 1. Append the number of contacts. 2. Define the contact type. 3. Type in a unique contact name. 4. Define the contact level options: By zones By segments By regions property Fixed for all zones and segments.
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5. By all zones or segments: Define a contact with a constant or a surface. 6. Use region property: Regions can be defined using any discrete property.
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Make Contacts Process Make Regions Property Tab On the Make regions property tab, regions can be created using any discrete property.
They also can be modified using these options:
Merge regions
Add regions from property
Add region from polygon.
Make Contacts Process Make Regions Property Tab
Visualize Contacts 1. After running the Make contacts process, the new contact set is stored in a Fluid Contacts folder in the 3D grid. 2. Click the Style tab under Settings for the Fluid Contacts folder to control visualization settings.
Note: It is possible to convert contacts to surfaces and point sets stored in the Input pane.
Make a Contact Property 1. Contacts are stored in a Contact Set folder in the 3D grid. 2. Click the Operations tab under Settings for the Contact Set folder to make a property.
3. Select the appropriate fluid codes above/below contacts and click the Make Property button. The contact property is stored in the 3D grid > Properties folder. 4. Use value filter for the property.
Make Contacts/Volumetrics: Volume Calculation Objectives
Principles of Volume Calculation – Triangulation and Exact Volume calculation – Cases pane and Results pane, Create a new case using these inputs: – Contacts and General properties – Oil and Gas properties – Filters and well boundaries, Create and use outputs – Volume properties – Reports – Volume maps.
Volume Calculations The Volume calculation process accurately calculates the various volumes (bulk, pore, and fluid) in a 3D grid. Data you can use:
Boundary, license block
Zones, Segments
Properties (Net/Gross, porosity, Sw)
Constants (Bo, Bg, Rs, Rv)
Contacts (GOC, OWC, GWC)
Recovery factors (REC).
Exact volume calculation Each side of the cell is triangulated. Cells are split exactly where they are cut.
Generating Cases and Results Cases Pane Running a volume calculation creates a case, which will have a volume case icon in the Cases pane. This must be toggled for viewing results stored in the Results pane. Results Pane Acts as a filter for outputs of the Volume Calculation. Standard parameters are calculated for all volume calculations if the appropriate input is supplied. Note: Simulation cases also are stored in the Cases and Results panes.
Calculate Volumes in a 3D Grid (1) First, define one consistent representation of reality - a case. The Properties tab holds all the input data for the volume calculation. 1. Double-click on the Volume calculation process. 2. Create a new case or update an existing one. 3. Choose a 3D grid (from the drop-down list) on which you will run the Volume calculation. 4. Define the Hydrocarbon intervals to use. Choose contacts from the Fluid Contacts folder and drop them using the Blue arrow. 5. Browse through the Property tabs and choose either a property model or a constant for each input. 6. Specify the outputs to generate in the Settings tab. 7. Click Apply to store, then click Run.
Specify the Properties for the Case Choose a constant value or a property from a drop-down list of the appropriate properties (template dependent) in the chosen 3D grid. 5.1 Define Oil and Gas properties. Use either an existing property (drop-down list) from the grid or select the Constant property box and enter a value.
5.1
5.2 On the General Properties tab, activate N/G and Porosity properties or use constants.
5.2
Specify the Results of a Volumetric Case The Settings tab controls the outputs that will be created and allows you to create extra filters for separating results. 6.1 Choose to create a 3D property. 6.2 Create a volume height map of any of the parameters. 6.3 Output the results to a spreadsheet.
Note: When Volume calculation is run, the properties are stored in the Properties folder of the selected grid and the maps are stored in a Volume Maps folder in the Input pane.
Filters in the Volume Calculation Results
. Specify a discrete Facies property. This allows you to categorize the volume results into various rock types modeled in the 3D grid 2. Use the property filter in the volume calculation or filter the volume calculations based on polygons: a. Boundary polygons (drop from the Input pane using the blue arrow) b. Well boundaries (specify the influence radius)
Generate a Report 1. Filter settings are stored in the Results pane. Right-click on the Volumetric folder > Settings. 2. Choose the Properties to display in the report. 3. Choose single/multiple cases. 4. Specify the Detail level on the Format tab. 5. Click Make Report. 6. View the report and copy to a text editor.
or save
it
Change Units in the Report 1. Go to the Volume templates folder in the Templates pane. 2. Open the Settings of any of the templates (here: STOIIP). 3. Click the Info tab. 4. Check Customize next to the units. Choose the units and set the number of decimals to use. 5. Click Apply. Generate a report again: Click the Results tab and open the Settings for Volumetrics.
Visualize the Output: Volume Maps Volume Maps are stored in the Input pane. 1. Maps can be displayed in a Map window (e.g., STOIIP).
2. Volume maps also can be shown in a 3D window draped over a topographic surface. a. Output a depth Surface from Horizon. b. Right-click and select Copy the STOIIP map as a surface attribute. c. Right-click and paste it onto the depth surface. d. Expand the surface and choose the attribute to visualize.
