LTE Radio Planning

06/11/2013

Se!!ion "#

Long Term Evolution: Evolutio n: Radio Network Planning ITU ASP COE Training on “Wireless Broadband  Sami TABBANE

5-8 Novem November ber 2013 2013 – Nadi (Fiji (Fiji Islands) Islands) 1

CONTENTS

I$

LTE overview

II$

LTE %lanning %ro&e!!

III$ LTE Cov Cover erag age e 'im 'imen! en!ion ioning ing I($ LTE Ca%a&it) 'imen!ioning ($

Ca!e !tud)

2

1

06/11/2013

CONTENTS

I$

LTE Overview

3

LTE O(ER(IE* *+) to move to LTE

Redu&e Co!t %er ,it

• • •

Hi!er "#e$%ral e&&i$ien$' Fla% Ne%or !ierar$!' *ore bandid%!

Innovate

• • • •

+&&er !i!er $a#a$i%' and #ea ,a%es ,ed$e la%en$' (im#rove end-ser e.#erien$e) Handle !i! %ra&&i$ e&&e$%ivel' om#e%i%ive #ressre

Prevent -. network Conge!tion

• •

il%  in %ime +&&load !i! %ra&&i$ sers %o 

4

2

06/11/2013

CONTENTS

I$

LTE Overview

3

LTE O(ER(IE* *+) to move to LTE

Redu&e Co!t %er ,it

• • •

Hi!er "#e$%ral e&&i$ien$' Fla% Ne%or !ierar$!' *ore bandid%!

Innovate

• • • •

+&&er !i!er $a#a$i%' and #ea ,a%es ,ed$e la%en$' (im#rove end-ser e.#erien$e) Handle !i! %ra&&i$ e&&e$%ivel' om#e%i%ive #ressre

Prevent -. network Conge!tion

• •

il%  in %ime +&&load !i! %ra&&i$ sers %o 

4

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*  Ca%a&it) develo%ment

lannin #er&orms a de%ailed s%d' o&  ne%or in&ras%r$%re sin #redi$%ion %ools #ro#aa%ion and mana manaeme emen% n% o& da%a da%aba bases ses s#e$i s#e$i&i$ &i$ eor eora# a#!i !i$$ da%a da%a I% de&in de&ines es %!e %!e $over overa ae e #lan #lanss &re7 &re7e en$ n$ie ies s de%e de%erm rmin ines es a sear sear$! $! si%e si%e and and e7 e7i#me i#men n% s#e$ s#e$i& i&i$ i$a a%ion %ionss &or ea$! ea$! si%e si%e I% is rela rela%e %ed d %o %!os %!ose e res# res#on onsi sibl ble e &or si%e si%e sear sear$! $! and and man man&a &a$% $%r rer erss %o vali valida da%e %e i%s i%s %e$!ni$al o#%ions de#endin on %!e #ossibili%ies o& e7i#men%

5

LTE O(ER(IE*

LTE Bene/it!



Low laten laten&): &): &or bo%! ser #lane and $on% on%rol #lane ne i%! a 5*H s#e$ s#e$%r %rm m allo allo$a $a%i %ion on %!e %!e la%e la%en$ n$' ' %ar %are% e% is belo belo  5 ms



Band Bandwi widt dt+ + S&al S&ala, a,il ilit it): ): di&&eren% bandid%!s $an de#end de#endin in #on #on %!e re7i re7irem remen% en%s(1 s(125 25 %o 20 *H) *H)



Peak Peak 'ata 'ata Rate Rate!: !: 100 100 *b# *b#s &or 9  50 *b#s&o *b#s&orr :



Onl) Pa&ket Pa&ket Swit&+ed Swit&+ed 9omain 9omain s##or% s##or%

be

sed

6

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*

LTE Bene/it!



Im#roved Cell edge #er&orman$e



Inter0working i%! %!e e.is%in 2< and 3< s's%ems and non-3< s's%ems



+#%imied &or lo mobile s#eed b% also s##or% !i! mobile !%eed!



,ed$%ion o& &om%le1it) in bo%! s's%em and %erminals



ase o& migration &rom e.is%in ne%ors



Sim%li/i&ation and minimi2ation o& %!e nmber o& in%er&a$es

;

LTE NET*OR3 ARC4ITECTURE

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06/11/2013

LTE NET*OR3 ARC4ITECTURE

 !e #lannin $on$erns %!e in%er&a$e be%een -:,>N - :s =

LTE O(ER(IE*

eNB Re!%on!i,ilitie!

• ell $on%rol and ** #ool s##or%

• *obili%' on%rol • on%rol and :ser lan se$ri%' • • • • • • •

"!ared !annel !andlin "emen%a%ion/on$a%ena%ion H>,? "1 ** "1 : "$!edlin *l%i#le.in and *a##in !'si$al la'er &n$%ionali%'

• *easremen%s and re#or%in 10

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*  5ulti antenna te&+nologie!

11

LTE O(ER(IE*  LTE Bandwidt+ 

!e bandid%! is more &le.ible %!an in %!e #revios 3< s%andards  "$alable &rom 14 3 5 10 15 20*H



!e $a#a$i%' o& a $ell de#ends s%ronl' on i%s allo$a%ed bandid%!

C+annel! Bandwidt+ 65427

14

3

5

10

15

20

Tran!mi!!ion Bandwidt+ 65427

108

2;

45

=

135

18

Tran!mi!!ion Bandwidt+ 8RB9

6

15

25

50

;5

100

12

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*  5odulation t)%e!

13

LTE O(ER(IE*

• +F9*> in :#lin • " F9*> in 9onlin

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*  re;uen&) Band

''0Ba!ed radio a&&e!!

T''0Ba!ed radio a&&e!!

UL and 'L

U%link 2500 *!

25;0 *!

'ownlink 2620 *!

26=0 *!

• !annel bandid%! 5 *H %o 20 *H • i% ra%e is &rom 100 *b#s %o 300 *b#s • "b $arrier s#a$in 15 H 15

LTE O(ER(IE*  ''

+ne ,adio Frame A 10ms +ne "lo% A 05ms

@0

@1

@2

@3

B BB

@18

@1=

+ne "b&rame A 1ms

"b&rame 0

"b&rame 1

"b&rame =

 :#lin and 9onlin are %ransme%%ed se#ara%el'

16

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06/11/2013

LTE O(ER(IE*  T''

 :#lin and 9onlin are %ransmi%%ed a% %!e same %ime 1;

CONTENTS

II$ LTE Planning Pro&e!!

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06/11/2013

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS

INTRO'UCTION

 lannin #er&orms a de%ailed s%d' o&  ne%or

in&ras%r$%re sin #redi$%ion %ools #ro#aa%ion and manaemen% o& da%abases s#e$i&i$ eora#!i$ da%a  9e&ines %!e $overae #lans &re7en$ies 

9e%ermines a sear$! si%e and e7i#men% s#e$i&i$a%ions &or ea$! si%e

 I% is rela%ed %o %!ose res#onsible &or si%e sear$! and

man&a$%rers %o valida%e i%s %e$!ni$al o#%ions de#endin on %!e #ossibili%ies o& e7i#men%

1=


!e radio Ne%or #lannin ro$ess is desinedC 

o ma.imie %!e ne%or $overae

 o #rovide %!e desired $a#a$i%'

I% is $om#osed o& %!ree s%e#sC

Initial Planning

'etailed Planning O%timi2ation

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06/11/2013

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS  Initial Planning

 !e oal is %o assess %!e minimm

densi%' o& si%es %o mee% re7iremen%s  !is s%ae re7ired %!e a%!erin o&

in&orma%ion s$! asC

• !e desired Coverage Area (9ense :rban :rban "brban)

• Coverage Re;uirement ("bs$riber %ra&&i$ modelB)

• !e range o/ !ervi&e! %o be #rovided

21

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS  Initial Planning: 'imen!ioning Pro&e!!

rovides %!e nmber o& si%es re7ired in varios environmen%s !e &olloin diaram ills%ra%es %!e dimensionin #ro$essC

Bu!ine!! 5odel In%ut!

Network Con/iguration

Link Budget E!timation

inan&ial Clari/i&ation

Tra//i& E!timation

Ca%a&it) E!timation

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06/11/2013

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS  'etailed Planning

I% ses %!e in&orma%ion a%!ered &orm %!e dimensionin s%ae %o #rovide a e&&e$%ive de%ailed #lannin 'etailed Planning

Initial Planning

 5odel Tuning  Site Sele&tion  Coverage Planning

O%timi2ation

 Ca%a&it) Planning  Con/iguration

Planning  Parameter! Planning

23

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS  O%timi2ation

• !is ro$ess is &ndamen%all' based on ne%or anal'sis • I% in$ldes %!e a%!erin o& s%a%is%i$s and measremen% resl%s &rom %!e ne%or manaemen% s's%em

• I% allos %!e #rovider %o mae %!e $orre$%ions and adjs%men%s %o %!e ne%or O%timi2ation Initial Planning

'etailed Planning

 Ca%a&it) O%timi2ation  Coverage O%timi2ation  E0UTRAN O%timi2ation  Parameter O%timi2ation

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06/11/2013


 overae >rea (9ense :rban :rban "brban)  ?ali%' +bje$%ive (?o" ri%eria)  a#a$i%' ,e7iremen% ("bs$riber %ra&&i$ model)  in de% arame%ers (ene%ra%ion loss ro#aa%ion model)

in de% a#a$i%' dimensionin "i%e nmber/$on&ira%ion ell radis in ea$! mor#!olo' Ne%or develo#men% sol%ion

Nominal Planning

Network 'e%lo)ment

"i%e lo$a%ion/,F #arame%ers $on&ira%ions "ear$! rin s#e$i&i$a%ion redi$%ion and simla%ion ls%er de&ini%ion &or #roje$% manaemen%

"i%esrve'/andida%e si%e sear$! Nei!bors $ell $on&ira%ion ell #arame%ers $on&ira%ion >lori%!m $on&ira%ion

'etailed Planning 25

LTE PLANNIN. PROCESS  Planning In%ut! 0 Out%ut!

Coverage Re;uirement 

Coverage Area Pol)gon 'e/inition  Coverage Planning  Cell Edge T+roug+%ut  Coverage Pro,a,ilit) ?? 

Ca%a&it) Re;uirement

"i%e '#e oer/!annel eNode Nmber

>$%ive :sers



re;uen&) Bandwidt+ Su,!&ri,er /ore&a!t  Tra//i& 5odel 

"1 D E2 !ro!#%

26

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06/11/2013

CONTENTS

III$

LTE Coverage 'imen!ioning

2;

LTE CO(ERA.E CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.

 o ob%ain $ell ,adis  o es%ima%ed eNode nmber &or $overae re7iremen% Start Link Budget Pro%agation 5odel

In%ut! Parameter!

Cell Radiu! eNB Coverage Area

o%al overae/ eN $overae >rea

eNB Num,er End 28

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06/11/2013

LTE CO(ERA.E 'I5ENSIONIN.

LTE Link Budget

2=

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET PROCE'URE 0 'O*NLIN3  'ownlink Link Budget

30

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06/11/2013

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET PROCE'URE 0 UPLIN3  U%link Link Budget

31

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  5a1imum Allowa,le Pat+ Lo!! 65APL7

'ownlinkC *> A I, 9- ": – NF – I*9 – #en – bod'oss<: >n%enna U%linkC

*> A I,:- "eN – NF – I*: – #en – bod'oss n%enna 

Gi%!C • • • • • • • • • •

*> - *a.imm >lloable a%! oss I,C 7ivalen% Iso%ro#i$ ,adia%ed oer "-,.C ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' NFC lo normal &adin marin I*C In%er&eren$e *arin < -an%ennaC >n%enna ains% "!adoin -#en - ene%ra%ion loss -&eederC Feeder oss -bod' - od' oss 32

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06/11/2013

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  E;uivalent i!otro%i& radiated %ower 6EIRP7

I, s%ands &or %!e #oer %!a% old be radia%ed b' a %!eore%i$al iso%ro#i$ an%enna %o a$!ieve %!e #ea densi%' observed in %!e dire$%ion o& ma.imm an%enna
• EIRP'L@ PeNBT1  LeNB0/eeeder!  LeNB0um%er!  LeNB0&onne&tor! . Antenna • EIRPUL@ PUET1  . Antenna  L,od)

33

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  Re&eiver Sen!itivit)

!e re$eive sensi%ivi%' deno%es %!e minimm sinal level !i$! $an s%ill be s$$ess&ll' re$eived

• Sr1@ N!u,0T  SINR  noi!e  NRB Gi%!C Nsb- A !ermal noise #oer #er sb$arrier ($orres#ondin %o 15 H bandid%! in $ase o& s%andard sb$arrier s#a$in) "IN,C "inal %o In%er&eren$e and Noise ,a%io FnoiseC ,e$eiver Noise Fire N, - Nmber o& ,esor$e lo$s

34

1;

06/11/2013

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  T+ermal noi!e %ower

!e %!ermal noise #oer is $al$la%ed as %!e %!ermal noise #oer #er sb$arrier ml%i#lied b' %!e nmber o& resor$e blo$s

•

N!u,0T @ k 1 T 1 B

Gi%!C Nsb-C %!ermal noise #oer Cem#era%re elvinJ C ol%mann $ons%an% C andid%!

35

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  Re;uired SINR

"inal %o In%er&eren$e and Noise ,a%io ("IN,) is %!e #oer ra%io o& se&l sinal %o %o%al in%er&eren$e $omin &rom nei!borin $ells #ls %!ermal noise

U%link Inter0&ell Inter/eren&e 'ownlink Inter &ell Inter/eren&e 36

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06/11/2013

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET

• Ion A  ( K . o%al - , . N:sed, ) /  J . (1 – L) A 0 • Io%! A (, . Nsed-, ) /J . K . (1/<) Gi%!C o%al A ma.imm %o%al %ransmission #oer &rom eNode , A #oer #er resor$e blo$ N:sed , A nmber o& resor$e blo$s assined %o ser  A sinal a%%ena%ion (#a%! loss) < A <-&a$%or $orres#onds %o /I ra%io (%!e o&&se% be%een %!e %are% sinal level  and an' in%er&eren$es I a&&e$%in %!e %ransmission) M A $ell load (%!e averae amon% o& o$$#ied &re7en$' resor$es drin %!e %ime o& in%eres%) L - or%!oonall' &a$%or (1 s%ands &or %!e $ase !en %!e or%!oonall' is #er&e$%l' #reserved 0 means %!ere is no or%!oonall')

3;

LTE LIN3 BU'.ET  Inter/eren&e 5argin

• I* A 10 lo (1 - "IN, . K . (1/<))

 ading 5argin

• NF A E  σ σ

A e s%andard devia%ion d "lo Fadin

E A Oale $al$la%ed a$$ordin %o lo normal la

38

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06/11/2013


Cell Radiu!

3=

LTE CELL RAN.E ESTI5ATION  Pro%agation 5odel

 9es$ribes %!e averae sinal #ro#aa%ion and i% $onver%s %!e

ma.imm alloed #ro#aa%ion loss %o %!e ma.imm $ell rane I% de#ends onC

• nvironmen%C rban rral dense rban sbrban o#en &ores% seaB

• • • •

9is%an$e Fre7en$' a%mos#!eri$ $ondi%ions Indoor/o%door

40

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06/11/2013

LTE CELL RAN.E ESTI5ATION  Cell Range

• *> A (d)  , (ell ,adis) • ell >rea >$ell A  . , 2

• In%er si%e 9is%an$e 9AI.,

ell a'o%



I

26

1;3

2 se$%or

1=5

15

3 se$%or an%enna GPA=0

1;3

2

3 se$%or an%enna GQ=0

26

1;3

6 se$%or

26

1;3

+mni

41


eNode B Num,er

42

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06/11/2013

ENO'EB CO(ERA.E AREA  eNodeB Num,er

• "i%e >rea >si%e A >$ell . "

(" A "e$%or Nmber)

• eNode Nmber NeN A > / >si%e

(> A o%al >rea %o $over)

43


.eneral Parameter!

44

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06/11/2013

.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE*  O%erating Band

45

.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE*  E  UTRAN and UE T1 Power andid%! (*H)

No+& ,s

eNode #oer (G)

oer #er , (dm)

14

6

8

31

3

15

20

31

5

25

40

32

10

50

60

31

15

;5

6060

32

20

100

6060

31

lass

oer (dm)

oleran$e (d)

1

30

n/a

2

2;

n/a

3

23

/- 2

4

21

n/a 46

23

06/11/2013

.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE*  Antenna Power

3 - "e$%or

6 - se$%or

+mni

2 "e$%or

%'#i$al

Hi! ain

%'#i$al

Hi! ain

o band (e ;30 ;50 ;60 800 850=00 *H)

121

168

18

---

181

---

*id band (e 15 16 1;18 1=
13

21

18

20;

21

22

*id band (e 21 23
13

21

185

21

215

225

Hi! band (ie 25 26
14

22

1=5

22

225

235

4;

.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE*  Ca,le! Lo!!e!

Feeders Loss (dB/100m) Type

Size 450 MHz

500 2000 2100 2300 2500 3400 0 700 MHz 800 *H =00 *H 1;00 *H 1800 *H *H *H *H *H *H *H

4;

6

64

68

=;

10

106

11

115

12

14

18

7/8"

2.7

3

3.6

4

5.5

5.7

6.7

6

6.5

6.8

8

10

LDP6 5/4"

1.7

2

2

2.6

3.8

4

4

4.3

4.5

4.8

1.5

2

2

2

3

3

3

3.7

4

4

LDFA 1/2" AL5

AL7

13/8"

Jumpers Attenuations EC4: 1/2" EC1: 1/4" EC1-HF: 1/4" 2C 3/8R Standard Frequency Standard Hiflex Foam- "%andard FoamFoamMHz Foam-Dielectric Dielectric 9iele$%ri$ Dielectric at 960 0,13 0,18 0,09 0,07 at 1880 0,19 0,26 0,13 0,09 at 2200 0,2 0,28 0,15 0,1

EC4-HF: 1/2" Hiflex FoamDielectric 0,1 0,14 0,17

48

24

06/11/2013

.ENERAL PARA5ETERS O(ER(IE*  LN

4=

CONTENTS

I($

LTE Ca%a&it) 'imen!ioning

50

25

06/11/2013

LTE CAPACIT 'I5ENSIONIN.

Start on&ira%ion >nal'sis

Cell Average T+roug+%ut Cal&ulation

ra&&i$ *odel >nal'sis

Su,!&ri,er! Su%%orted %er Cell eNodeB num,er 6initiali2ed Coverage 'imen!ioning

Sati!/) Ca%a&it) Re;uirementD

Ad=u!t eNodeB Num,er

eNB Num,er End 51


Cell Average T+roug+%ut Cal&ulation

52

26

06/11/2013

CELL A(ERA.E T4ROU.4PUT

a$ Cell Average T+roug+%ut @ Cell Bandwidt+ 1 S%e&tral E//i&ient

53


Su,!&ri,er! Su%%orted %er Cell

54

2;

06/11/2013

TRAIC 5O'EL

55

SUBSCRIBER SUPPORTE' PER CELL

9 ell >verae a#a$i%'

a (*b#s)

s' Hor 9 ell oadin

b (S)

9 ell a#a$i%' in H

$ A a . b (*b#s)

ea %o >verae ,a%io

d (S)

H 9 !ro!#%/"b

e (b#s)

"e$%or Nmber/si%e

&

"bs s##or%ed in a si%e

 ($.&)/(1d)J / e

56

28

06/11/2013


Num,er o/ eNode B

5;

ENO'EB NU5BER

4$ eNode B Num,er @ Total Su,!&ri,er! > Su,! Su%%orted in a !ite

58

2=

06/11/2013

CONTENTS

($ Ca!e Stud)

5=

CASE STU'  .eneral %arameter!

Link Budget arrier Fre7en$' (*H)

2100

!annel andid%! (*H)

20

*or#!olo'

9ense :rban

"e$%or '#e

3 se$%orial

nvironmen%

+%door

!annel *odel

: 3

60

30

06/11/2013

CASE STU'  'L EIRP 9 eN - . *a. eN  . >n% :sed

:ni% dm di d

able oss I,

d dm

>  

46 18 0 9F> 1/2R 30 11 30 4C 1/2R "F9 02 6 03 No

m d m d d

5 5=

9  F < H I T A (9S)<(HI)  A >--T

61

CASE STU'

 UL EIRP

: : - .

:ni% dm

33

>n%enna
di

0

od' oss ,.

d

able oss ,.

d

*a. :  .

I, (dm)

>  

0

9

33

A>--9

62

31

06/11/2013

CASE STU'  'L 5APL : - ,. andid%! !ermal Noise #er "b$arrier >llo$a%ed "b$arrier >rea%e !ermal Noise : Noise Fire ,e$eiver Noise Floor !annel a#a$i%' or !ro!#% "IN, ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' >n% 

:ni% H

20 000 000 -131 100 dm -111 d ; dm -104 b#s 3 000 000 d -10 dm -114 d 0 dm -114 d -4 d 5 S 1 d 10 d 16 d 20 d 3 d 1

dm

d

143

 * A 10+<(13810U(-23)2=0) N + A 10  lo (N)  ?A+ , " A 10  lo (2U(,/) - 1) A?" : OA- : G E A 10o10(110U(G/10)) V W W X A NormInv(V)  : WR W XR WRR 9-*> A (:)-(OEWXWRWXRWRR) 63

CASE STU'  UL 5APL eN - ,. andid%! !ermal Noise #er "b$arrier >llo$a%ed "b$arrier >rea%e !ermal Noise eN Noise Fire ,e$eiver Noise Floor !annel a#a$i%' or !ro!#% "IN, ,e$eiver "ensi%ivi%' >n% (*H>) 

H dm dm d dm b#s d dm di d d dm d d S d d d d

20 000 000 -131 100 -111 3 -108 3 000 000 -10 -118 18 5 5 -100 -4 5 1 10 16 20 0

F < H I T   *A 10  lo (2U(/F) - 1) N +  ? , A (N-)  (+?) "  A 10o10(110U("/10)) : O G A NormInv(V)  : E V

d

12;

:-*> A (+?)-(,--G-E-V) 64

32

06/11/2013

CASE STU'  'L Cell Radiu! overae ,adis ro#aa%ion *odel

"*

9e'o% 9i&&ra$%ion oss (d) Fre7en$' ons%an% 1 9is%an$e >%%ena%ion 2 orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& *obile "%a%ion >n%enna

d 1 2

orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& ase "%a%ion >n%enna

"* A 1  2 lo (d ) 3 lo (H .e&&) 4 9i&&ra$%io noss  5 lo (d ) lo (H .e&&) 6 H ,.e&&   $l%%r% & ($l%%er) 2 > 16  48 

3

6

9

4

1



5

-;

F

6

0

<

1

H

$orre$%ion $oe&&i$ien% o& $l%%er a%%ena%ion  $l%%er & $l%%er eN an% !ei%! : an% !ei%!

m m

,adis

m

,adis ell area

m m2

0 30 2

1 0;= 10; 226

T  A.#(ln(10) (*> (13loT49i&&oss))/(25loT)J * A   10(-3) 1=4=  *2 65

CASE STU'  UL Cell Radiu! overae ,adis ro#aa%ion *odel

"*

9e'o% 9i&&ra$%ion oss (d)

d

Fre7en$' ons%an% 1 9is%an$e >%%ena%ion 2

1 2 3 4 5 6

orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& *obile "%a%ion >n%enna orre$% $oe&& o& !ei!% o& ase "%a%ion >n%enna $orre$%ion $oe&&i$ien% o& $l%%er a%%ena%ion  $l%%er & $l%%er

"* A 1  2 lo (d ) 3 lo (H .e&&) 4 9i&&ra$%io noss  5 lo (d ) lo (H .e&&) 6 H ,.e&&   $l%%r% & ($l%%er) 2 > 16 48 6 1 -; 0

  9  F <

1

H

0

eN an% !ei%! : an% !ei%!

m m

,adis

m

,adis

m

ell area

m 2

30 2

421 042 034

T  A.#(ln(10) (*> (13loT49i&&oss))/(25loT)J * A   10(-3) 1=4=  * 2 66

33

06/11/2013

CASE STU'  'L Ca%a&it) :ni%

9

*I*+ on&ira%ion

2.-2,.

*odla%ion and odin

64 ?>* 3/4

andid%!

*H

20

>1

"#e$%ral 9ensi%'

b#s/H

2

>2

ell a#a$i%'

*b#s

35

>3 A >1  >2

s' Hor >verae oadin

<

0

>4 A >3/81=2

s' Hor >verae a#a$i%'

<

15

>5 A >43600

ea %o averae ,a%io

S

50

>6

3se$%ors / si%e

<

8

>; A >5  >6S

"i%e >verae a#a$i%'

<

51

>8 /15S

>verae 9 H !ro!#%/sbs

<

1 52=

>= 30

"bs$ribers s##or%ed in a si%e

<

4 588

>10


<

5

>11

=18

>12


6;

CASE STU'  UL Ca%a&it) :ni%

9


2.-2,.


64 ?>* 3/4 1

andid%!

*H

20

"#e$%ral 9ensi%'

b#s/H

0

2

ell a#a$i%'

*b#s

=

3 A 1  2

s' Hor >verae oadin

<

0

4 A 3/81=2

s' Hor >verae a#a$i%'

<

4

5 A >43600

ea %o averae ,a%io

S

50

6

3se$%ors / si%e

<

2

; A 5  6S

"i%e >verae a#a$i%'

<

13

8 /15S

>verae 9 H !ro!#%/sbs

<

3=6

= 30

"bs$ribers s##or%ed in a si%e

<

1 18;

10


<

2

11

5=3

12


68

34

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