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LONGMAN

DICTIONARY

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LONGMAN

~

>1

DICTIONARY

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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated

Companies throughout

the World

Visit our website: http://www.longman.com/dictionaries

© Pearson Education Limited 2000 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced,

stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published 2000 06 08 09

07

05

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication

Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cata/oging

in publication data Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs. p. cm. I. English language-Verb phrase-Dictionaries. I. Title: Phrasal verbs dictionary. 11.Longman (Firm: New York, N.Y.) PE1319 .L66 2000 423'.I-dc21

Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence of such a description any trademark.

should be regarded as affecting the legal status of

ISBN o

582 291836 (Cased edition) o 582 291828 (Paperback edition)

Set in 8/8.3 Stempel Schneidler by Peter White Printed in China PPLC/04

&

Peter Wray

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CONTENTS page

Acknowledgements

vii

Guide to using the dictionary

viii

Introduction

xi

The dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Phrasal verb activator Clothes

275

Computers

276

Continue

277

Drinking

278

Driving

279

Eating

280

L eave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 81

Like/dislike

282

Love

friendship

283

On the telephone

284

Problems

285

Sleeping & awake

286

Start

287

&

Stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

288

TV/radio/lights/machines

289

Weather

290

Irregular verbs

605

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vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Director Della Summers

Production Manager Clive McKeough Project Manager Alan Savill

Editorial Director Adam Gadsby

Project Coordinator Denise Denney

Publishers Laurence Delacroix Emma Campbell

Editorial Manager Sheila Dallas

Managing Editor Chris Fox

Production Editor Andrew Taylor

Editors Sheila Dignen Ted Jackson [o Leigh Evadne Adrian-Vallance

Design Jenny Fleet Keyboarder Pauline Savill Production Assistant Susan Braund

Lexicographers Elaine Pollard

Proofreaders Alison Steadman Gerard Delaney

Korey Egge

Evadne Adrian-Vallance [o Leigh Ted Jackson Martin Stark W e w ould like to acknow ledge project by Robert Alien.

Cover Andrea

the

Hoyle

developm ent

w ork

done

for this


viii

GUIDE

TO USING THE

DICTIONARY M A IN V E RB

FORMS OF THE VERB Past tense, past participle, and present participle of main verb P HR AS AL

V ER B

Phrasal verbs are listed under main verbs in alphabetical order:

FREQUENCY

STAR

Commonly used phrasal verbs are marked with a star:

GRAMMAR PATTERNS show whether the phrasal verb has an object, and where you put the object. The object is written as '5th' or 'sb ',

FIXED PHRASE Fixed phrases that contain a phrasal verb are shown in bold,

USAGE NOTE This gives you extra information about when to use the ph rasal verb,

GRAMMAR HELP This tells you if the phrasal verb is used or not in the passive or progressive,

LABELS Labels tell you if a verb IS formal, informal, spoken, or literary English,


DEFINITION

Definitions are written using the 2000-word Longman defining vocabulary, which makes them clear and easy to use.

LABELS

Labels also tell you if a verb is only used in American English (A m E ) or British English (8 rE ).

SIMILARTO

references show verbs and phrasal verbs with similar meaning. OPPOSITE

references show verbs and phrasal verbs with opposite meaning.

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions used with the phrasal verb are shown in bold. RELATED NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

These are shown after the sense of the phrasal verb they refer to.



xi

INTRODUCTION I. What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs consist of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle is either an adverb or a preposition.

Examples of common phrasal verbs include get up,

go off, turn on, make out, and deal with. There are also some three-word

phrasal

verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to. An important

feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore

whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood

the

by simply putting together the

meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of cany out (=do) in the sentence Scientists carried out an experiment is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry' or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning

of pull up (=stop)

in the sentence A car pulled up outside the house from the separate meanings of 'pull' and 'up'. A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning of the verb 'answer', back.

of answer

but this would not help you to guess the meaning

Where a verb freely combines

with an adverb or preposition

to produce

an ordinary

meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as The boy fell off his bike and W e carried some chairs out into the garden, 'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.

2. Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON

•

idiomatic above

combinations

•

verbs that only exist in combination as rely on, amount

of the type described

with a particular preposition

or adverb, such

to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce

meaning when combined with a particular prepositon

a particular

or adverb, such as deal with,

abide by, relate to

•

VERB + ADVERB combinations up, hurry up, toil away,

completeness

or continuity

that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat where

the adverb

adds

emphasis

or an idea

of

to the action of the verb

•

phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it out

•

reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself',

'itself' ete: eg

pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your heart out' in this book. You can find them in the Longman Idioms Dictionary.

3. How do I find the phrasal verb I want in this dictionary? First look for the main verb. Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically

according

to their

particles after each main verb. When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you will find that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency. that the commonest verb meanings important

meanings

have a

are listed first. The commonest

i~ next

to them,

This means

and most useful phrasal

so that you can see which

are the most

ones to know, •

For example, suppose you are looking for get up, meaning to 'get out of bed'. First look for the main verb GET. Get up is near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasal verbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together. You then need to look for which meaning

sense of get up you want.

The sense of get up

to 'get out of bed' is the first sense given. This means that it is the most


xii

frequently

used sense - in this dictionary

the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in

order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.

4. Grammar information The new Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary demonstrates

clearly how phrasal verbs are

used, with grammar patterns shown at each sense. These show whether takes an object, where human. Grammar

For example, patterns:

Iturn on I s t h l

the object goes, and whether

a phrasal verb

the object is human

or non-

patterns are also placed in order of frequency.

at tum on (=make something

Iturn

start working),

there are two grammar

I~

These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or between the verb and the particle. NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position of the object can vary - I turned on the radio and listened to the 6 o'clock news. I Could you turn

the oven on if you're going into the kitchen? I Marion walked over to the overhead projector and turned it on. At nod off (=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar I

pattern:

nod off I

This grammar show this:

pattern shows that the verb does not take an object. The examples also

Old Tom had nodded off in front of the television. I I missed the end of her lecture - I think I must have nodded off. At join in (=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are:

Ijoin inl

Ijoin in ~

These grammar patterns show that join in can be used without an object, or with an object immediately after the phrasal verb. The examples also show this:

When we come to the chorus, I want everyone to join in. I Politely, he joined in the laughter. At talk into (=persuade

someone

to do something,

unwilling to do), the following grammatical

especially

something

they are

pattern is shown:

Italk [ S b ] into I~ This shows that talk into must have two objects, the first is a person (sb), and the second is a thing (5th). The examples also show this:

I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme. I "Why did you go with him?" "Wen he sort of talked me into it!"

Separable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs such as turn on, put off, and rip off, all of which can take an object in the middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable' phrasal verbs. With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply: If the object is a pronoun,

such as 'it', 'her', 'them',

'me',

'you'

etc, it must come

between the verb and the adverb: eg tum off If you're n ot listening to the radio, I'll turn it off. (NOT I'll turn off it.) If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb: eg carry out The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.


xiii

5. Other useful information in this dictionary

Synonyms and opposites A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word. If a phrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb. The synonym or a verb phrase. The synonym(s)

are introduced

can be a verb, a phrasal verb,

by the words 'SIMILAR TO'. Here are

some examples: At put off (=delay doing something

until later, or arrange for something

to happen at

a later time) SIMILARTO, postpone

At head for (=go towards a place) SIMILARTO, make

for

At put on (=make a light or machine start working) SIMILARTO, switch

Opposites

on, turn on

are shown as follows:

turn up (=increase the amount

of sound, heat etc)

OPPOSITE, turn down

Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked 'USUALLY PASSNE'. Phrasal verbs that are never used in the passive are marked 'NOT PASSNE'. If a phrasal verb is only normally used in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry. For example, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available used in British English), only the form be booked

up is shown.

Related nouns or adjectives Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning of the phrasal verb that they are derived from. For example, blackout after the phrasal

verb black

out (=suddenly

become

unconscious),

(noun) appears and made-up

(adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)

Labels The following labels are used in this dictionary:

E rE

used in British English

AmE

used in American English

spoken

used mainly in spoken English

informal

used when speaking or writing to people that you know well

formal

used in speeches,

in serious or official writing,

but not in ordinary

conversation

old-fashioned

used by people

in the past, although

you may sometimes

hear it

being used now

literary

used in literature but not in ordinary

technical

used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects which

conversation

are not familiar to most ordinary people

taboo

this expression

is extremely

rude and offensive

and you should not

use it



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