Dj dqwtdeg wtd qd doatdopvg do jg ~gvpd k}wtkdv`g etdqpvg dj eiopgmd `d jg `dqpkjgakño lvgaakiog`g do dj atgj qd aijiag dj jåwtk`i wtd qd wtkdvd `dqpkjgv do dj egpvg} `d fijg (wtd oi `dfd jjdogvqd etahi eçq `d jg ekpg` `d qt ag~gak`g`+ { qd agjkdopg aio jg ~jgag agjdlgapivg* jg atgj dqpgvç aijiag`g `dfgmi `dj egpvg} { dqpë g qt |d} dqpgvç eiopg`i do to qi~ivpd tok|dvqgj/ Dj egpvg} `d fijg dqpgvç qtmdpg`i ~iv togq ~ko}gq/ Atgo`i qd gjago}g jg pde~dvgptvg `d dftjjkakño `dj jåwtk`i aiekdo}g g gqado`dv ~iv jg aijteog `d lvgaakiogekdopi/ Jg eg{iv ~gvpd `dj |g~iv ~gqg gj vdlvkbdvgopd `io`d qd aio`doqg `dfk`i g jg aivvkdopd `d gbtg lvåg wtd gqakdo`d ~iv jg agekqg `d dqpd/ Dj `dqpkjg`i (|g~iv aio`doqg`i+ dqatvvd gj egpvg} aijdapiv g pvg|ëq `d jg gjgvbg`dvg/
Dj dqwtdeg `d jg ~gvpd k}wtkdv`g etdqpvg jg `dqpkjgakño qke~jd/ Dj jåwtk`i wtd qd wtkdvd `dqpkjgv qd ~iod do dj egpvg} `d fijg (wtd oi `dfd jjdogvqd etahi eçq `d jg ekpg` `d qt ag~gak`g`+ { qd agjkdopg aio jg ~jgag agjdlgapivg* jg atgj dqpgvç aijiag`g `dfgmi `dj egpvg} { dqpë g qt |d} dqpgvç eiopg`i do to qi~ivpd tok|dvqgj qtmdpg`i/ Dj egpvg} `d fijg dqpgvç qtmdpg`i ~iv togq ~ko}gq/ Atgo`i qd gjago}g jg pde~dvgptvg `d dftjjkakño `dj jåwtk`i aiekdo}g jg ~vi`taakño g~vdakgfjd `d |g~iv* aio`doqço`iqd ~gvpd `dj ekqei do dj pdveñedpvi { do jgq ~gvd`dq `dj egpvg}/ Jg eg{iv ~gvpd `dj |g~iv ~gqg gj vdlvkbdvgopd `io`d qd aio`doqg `dfk`i g jg aivvkdopd `d gbtg lvåg wtd gqakdo`d ~iv jg agekqg `d dqpd/ Dj `dqpkjg`i (|g~iv aio`doqg`i+ aio`doqg`i+ dqatvvd gj egpvg} aijdapiv g pvg|ëq p vg|ëq `d jg gjgvbg`dvg/ `+ Lgapiv `d dovkwtdakekdopi* ~jgpi pdñvkai/ p dñvkai/ G ag`g ~gqi `d |g~ivk}gakño |g~ivk}gakño { aio`doqgakño `dopvi `d tog `dqpkjgakño qd jd jjgeg ~jgpi pdñvkai/ Dj lgapiv `d dovkwtdakekdopi qd `dlkod aiei jg tok`g` `d jg aijteog wtd pkdod jg ekqeg dlkagakg do jg qd~gvgakño wtd tog `dqpkjgakño qke~jd { qd dx~vdqg g edot`i do ae/ `d gjptvg `d jg aijteog/ ^gvg to ~viadqi `d d|g~ivgakño { aio`doqgakño vd~dpk`i o% |dadq* |dadq* dj dovkwtdakekdopi dovkwtdakekdopi `dj aie~iodopd eçq |ijçpkj dqpg `g`i ~iv= { 7
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@io`d= { 5 g jg ~vi~ivakño `dj aie~iodopd eçq |ijçpkj do dj |g~iv x 5 g jg ~vi~ivakño `dj aie~iodopd eçq |ijçpkj do dj vdak~kdopd/ ^g { ^f 5 g jgq ~vi~ivakiodq `d |g~iv `d jiq aie~iodopdq ~tviq g { f/ d+ ^topi `d dftjjkakño* aivvdaakño aio vdq~dapi g jg ~vdqkño* datgakño `d Ajgtqktq Ajg~d{vio { oieibvgeg/ To jåwtk`i hkdv|d g tog pde~dvgptvg* jjgeg`g ~topi `d dftjjkakño* g jg atçj qt ~vdqkño `d |g~iv gjago}g dj |gjiv `d jg ~vdqkño dxpdvog/ Qd pieg aiei ~topi `d dftjjkakño oivegj `d tog qtqpgoakg* gwtdjjg pde~dvgptvg g jg wtd qt ~vdqkño `d |g~iv gjago}g dj |gjiv `d tog gpeñqldvg/ Aiei dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d~do`d `d jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag* ëqpd |gvkgvç gj ei`klkagvqd `kahg ~vdqkño/ Do jg jkpdvgptvg qd doatdopvg dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño oivegj (atgo`i jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag dq 2<> ee Hb+ `d akdvpiq jåwtk`iq* ~dvi g |dadq dq odadqgvki qgfdv dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d to jåwtk`i g tog ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag `kqpkopg `kqpkopg g 2<> ee Hb* ~iv dmde~ji ~gvg hgadv tog qd~gvgakño `d tog ed}ajg ~iv `dqpkjgakño/ Do pdveiwtåekag* jg vdjgakño `d Ajgtqktq%Ajg~d{vio Ajgtqktq%Ajg~d{vio dq tog egodvg `d agvgapdvk}gv jg pvgoqkakño `d lgqd dopvd `iq dqpg`iq `d jg egpdvkg/ Do to `kgbvgeg ^%P (~vdqkño%pde~dvgptvg+ (~vdqkño %pde~dvgptvg+** jg jåodg wtd qd~gvg gefiq dqpg`iq qd aioiad aiei atv|g `d aidxkqpdoakg/ aidxkqpdoakg/ Jg vdjgakño `d Ajgtqktq%Ajg~d{vio `g jg ~do`kdopd `d `kahg atv|g egpdeçpkagedopd qd ~td`d dx~vdqgv aiei=
@io`d dq jg ~do`kdopd `d `kahg atv|g* ΐH dq dj agjiv jgpdopd i dopgj~åg `dj agefki `d lgqd { ΐ\ dq dj |ijtedo/ Dqpg datgakño ~td`d qdv tqg`g ~gvg ~vd`dakv `ño`d qd |g g `gv tog pvgoqkakño `d lgqd { g wtë aio`kakiodq/ l+ Dldapi `d jiq qijtpiq oi |ijçpkjdq { |ijçpkjdq do jg pde~dvgptvg `d dftjjkakño* bvglkag `d dqpiq* dmde~jiq/ ^gvg jiq jåwtk`iq aiopdok`iq do vdak~kdopdq gfkdvpiq* jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `d to `kqij|dopd qd gfgpd atgo`i dqpd aiopkdod to qijtpi oi |ijçpkj3 `kahg `kqijtakño pkdod wtd agjdopgvqd g eçq pde~dvgptvg wtd jg wtd qd g~jkag gj `kqij|dopd ~tvi* ~gvg hgadv wtd jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `dj `kqij|dopd 78
kbtgjd g jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag* ~iv ji pgopi dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d tog qijtakño dq eçq gjpi { dj ~topi `d aiobdjgakño eçq fgmi wtd jiq ~topiq aivvdq~io`kdopdq `dj `kqij|dopd ~tvi/ Qdbýo jg jd{ `d Vgitjp* jg djd|gakño `dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d to `kqij|dopd g agtqg `d jg ~vdqdoakg `d to qijtpi oi |ijçpkj oi kiok}g`i* dq `kvdapgedopd ~vi~ivakiogj g jgq eijdq `d qijtpi `kqtdjpgq do tog egqg `g`g `d `kqij|dopd* do pëvekoiq egpdeçpkaiq * jg djd|gakño `dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño qd dx~vdqg aiei= Dj pëvekoi ∌Pa vd~vdqdopg jg djd|gakño `dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `dj `kqij|dopd*
dqpi dq* dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d jg `kqijtakño edoiq dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `dj `kqij|dopd ~tvi* e dq jg eijgjk`g` `dj qijtpi { Ca dq tog aioqpgopd `d ~vi~ivakiogjk`g` wtd vdakfd dj oiefvd `d aioqpgopd `d djd|gakño `dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño/ Dqpg aioqpgopd dq `kldvdopd ~gvg `kqij|dopdq `kqpkopiq { oi `d~do`d `dj qijtpi/ ^iv dj aiopvgvki do dj agqi `d jiq qijtpiq |ijçpkjdq bdodvgjedopd `kqekot{do dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d tog qijtakño* ~iv wtd aiopvkft{do g gtedopgv jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv pipgj `d jg qijtakño* dftjjkdo`i ~iv ji pgopi g tog pde~dvg p de~dvgptvg ptvg edoiv/ To dmde~ji `d to qijtpi wtd gtedopg jg pde~dvgptvg `d dftjjkakño dq dj dpkjdobjkaij* dj edpgoij ~iv dj aiopvgvki dq to qijtpi wtd `kqekot{d dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño/ b+ Jd{ `d Vgitjp* `kqijtakiodq k`dgjdq* `dq|kgakiodq ~iqkpk|gq { odbgpk|gq odbgp k|gq g jg jd{ (bvglkagq `d ^ |q A* P |q A+* A +* ~topi `d ftvftmg* ~topi `d viaåi* kqipdveg* kqi~jdpg* kqifgvg d kqiaivg/ Jg Jd{ `d Vgitjp dqpgfjdad wtd jg vdjgakño dopvd jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `d ag`g aie~iodopd do tog qijtakño k`dgj dq `d~do`kdopd `d jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `d ag`g aie~iodopd ko`k|k`tgj { `d jg lvgaakño eijgv `d ag`g aie~iodopd do jg qijtakño/ Tog qijtakño k`dgj dq to ei`dji `d ed}ajg do dj atgj dj |ijtedo* jg dodvbåg kopdvog { jg dopgj~åg `d jg ed}ajg dq kbtgj gj `d jiq aie~iodopdq ~tviq ~iv qd~gvg`i* dq `dakv dj |ijtedo* *jg dodvbåg { jg dopgj~åg `d ed}ajg dq otjg/ Atgopi eçq qd gadvwtdo g dqpiq |gjivdq (jiq `d tog ed}ajg vdgj+ egq k`dgj qdvç jg ed}ajg/ Gjpdvogpk|gedopd tog ed}ajg dq k`dgj qk qt aidlkakdopd `d gapk|k`g` dq 7/ Dqpd aidlkakdopd dq dj wtd ek`d jg k`dgjk`g` `d jgq qijtakiodq/ Jgq qijtakiodq k`dgjdq liveg`gq ~iv `iq jåwtk`iq ekqakfjdq qd agvgapdvk}go agvgapdvk}go ~iv= ^vdqdoakg `d ~vi~ivakiogjk`g` `kvdapg dopvd jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `dj jkwtk`i { qt aioadopvgakño eijgv/ Gtqdoakg `d agjiv `d `kqijtakño atgo`i qd ed}ajgo jiq jåwtk`iq/ 7;
Jiq |ijýedodq `d jiq aie~iodopdq qio g`kpk|iq Jgq qtqpgoakgq wtd livego dqpgq qijtakiodq pkdodo p kdodo ~ijgvk`g`dq ~ijgvk`g`dq qdedmgopdq dopvd qå/ Tog `dq|kgakño ~iqkpk|g g jd{ `d Vgitjp ~td`d aio`takv g to eçxkei do jg atv|g `d ~vdqkño `d |g~iv pipgj/ Dj eçxkei aivvdq~io`d g tog qijtakño `d aie~iqkakño `dlkok`g wtd pkdod tog ~vdqkño `d |g~iv eçq djd|g`g wtd atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi/ Tog qijtakño `d dqpd pk~i p k~i jjgeg`g to g}dñpvi~i `d eåokeg dftjjkakño* dftjjkvç g edoiv pde~dvgptvg wtd atgjwtkdvg `d jiq `iq aie~iodopdq ~tviq/ Qk to qkqpdeg etdqpvg tog `dq|kgakño odbgpk|g `d jg jd{ `d Vgitjp ~td`d dxkqpkv to eåokei do jg atv|g `d jg ~vdqkño pipgj/ Jg qijtakño wtd pkdod tog aioadopvgakño aivvdq~io`kdopd aivvdq~io`kdopd g dqpd eåokei pdo`vç tog ~vdqkño `d |g~iv* g atgjwtkdv pde~dvgptvg* pde~dvgptvg* eçq fgmg wtd jg `d atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi/ Tog qijtakño `d dqpd pk~i hkdv|d g tog pde~dvgptvg eçq djd|g`g wtd jg `d atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi { qd jjgeg to g}dñpvi~i `d eçxkeg dftjjkakño/
Dj ~topi `d viaki dq jg pde~dvgptvg g jg atgj tog etdqpvg `d gkvd hted`i jjdbg g qgptvgvqd { aiekdo}g jg aio`doqgakño3 dqpd `d~do`d `d jg egqg `d |g~iv `d gbtg aiopdok`g do dj gkvd/ Dj ~topi `d ftvftmg* dq dj ~topi do dj wtd qd hg liveg`i jg ~vkedvg ~gvpkatjg `d |g~iv* dq g`degq dj ~topi `dj agefki `d lgqd do dj wtd dxkqpd jg ~vdqkio eg{iv/ Tog kqipdveg dq tog atv|g wtd `dqavkfd jg vdjgakño ^vdqkño%\ijtedo g pde~dvgptvg aioqpgopd do dj agqi `d jiq bgqdq/ Do bdodvgj dq kqipdveg i kqipëvekai* pi`i gwtdjji wtd qtad`d g pde~dvg p de~dvgptvg ptvg aioqpgopd/ Tog kqi~jdpg dq tog jåodg wtd tod ~topiq `d kbtgj |gjiv `d tog `dpdvekog`g |gvkgfjd wtd qd vd~vdqdopg do tog ~jgoi i eg~g* pgefkëo dq aioqk`dvg`g kqijåodg i jåodg kqieëpvkag/ Tog kqifgvg i kqñfgvg dq to kqñbvgeg `d ~vdqkño* dq `dakv* tog jåodg `d kbtgj i aioqpgopd ~vdqkño do to bvçlkai* pvg}g`i i eg~g/ Qgj|i ~iqkfjdq agqiq dq~dakgjdq* jgq kqifgvgq qd vdlkdvdo dxajtqk|gedopd dxajtqk|gedopd g jåodgq wtd todo do to eg~g jiq ~topiq `d kbtgj ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag/ gpeiqlëvkag/ 6>
Do pdvei`koçekag tog pvgoqlivegakño kqiañvkag dq tog |gvkgakño `dj dqpg`i `d to qkqpdeg `tvgopd dj atgj dj |ijtedo ~dvegodad aioqpgopd/ h+ G}dñpvi~i `dlkokakño { akoai akoai dmde~jiq `d ag`g pk~i `d dqpiq/ @kldvdopdq @kldvdopdq pëaokagq ~gvg vie~dvjgq/ To g}dñpvi~i dq tog ed}ajg `d jåwtk`iq wtd qd aie~ivpg aiei to aie~tdqpi ~tvi* dq `dakv* gj kokakgvqd qt `dqpkjgakño ji hgad aio to ~topi `d dftjjkakño aioqpgopd { dj `dqpkjg`i ~iqdd tog aie~iqkakño `dlkok`g/ Qk qd `dqpkjg tog ed}ajg g}dipvñ~kag* dj |g~iv wtd `dqpkjg pkdod jg ekqeg aie~iqkakño wtd dj jåwtk`i* ~iv ji wtd oi dq ~iqkfjd qd~gvgv qtq aie~iodopdq/ Pëaokagq ~gvg vie~dvjiq= ^iv `iq pivvdq `d `dqpkjgakño Aie~tdqpi @dqpkjgakño g}dñpvi~kag Pvge~gq Jiq g}dñpvi~iq qd ajgqklkago `d `iq livegq= G}dñpvi~i `d eçxkeg dftjjkakño G}dñpvi~i `d eåokeg dftjjkakño Tog `dq|kgakño ~iqkpk|g g jd{ `d Vgitjp ~td`d aio`takv g to eçxkei do jg atv|g `d ~vdqkño `d |g~iv pipgj/ Dj eçxkei aivvdq~io`d g tog qijtakño `d aie~iqkakño `dlkok`g wtd pkdod tog ~vdqkño `d |g~iv eçq djd|g`g wtd atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi/ Tog qijtakño `d dqpd pk~i p k~i jjgeg`g to g}dñpvi~i `d eåokeg dftjjkakño* dftjjkvç g edoiv pde~dvgptvg wtd atgjwtkdvg `d jiq `iq aie~iodopdq ~tviq/ Dmde~jiq= dpgoij%gbtg* gadpiog%fkqtjltvi `d agvfioi* o%~vi~goij%gbtg* o%~vi~goij%gbtg* çak`i gaëpkai%fdoadoi* ~kvk`kog%gbtg* dpa/ Qk to qkqpdeg etdqpvg tog `dq|kgakño odbgpk|g `d jg jd{ `d Vgitjp ~td`d dxkqpkv to eåokei do jg atv|g `d jg ~vdqkño pipgj/ Jg qijtakño wtd pkdod tog aioadopvgakño aivvdq~io`kdopd aivvdq~io`kdopd g dqpd eåokei pdo`vç tog ~vdqkño `d |g~iv* g atgjwtkdv pde~dvgptvg* eçq fgmg wtd jg `d atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi/ Tog qijtakño `d dqpd pk~i hkdv|d g tog pde~dvgptvg eçq djd|g`g wtd jg `d atgjwtkdv aie~iodopd ~tvi { qd jjgeg to g}dñpvi~i `d eçxkeg dftjjkakño/ Dmde~jiq= çak`i oåpvkai%gbtg* çak`i ajivhå`vkai%gbtg* gadpiog% ajivilivei* gbtg%çak`i lñvekai* ~kvk`kog%çak`i lñvekai* dpa/ 67
k+ ^vdqkño `d |g~iv { |ijgpkjk`g`/ ^vdqkño `d |g~iv= dq jg ~vdqkño wtd dmdvad dj |g~iv do dwtkjkfvki aio dj jåwtk`i i dj qñjk`i wtd ji ivkbkog g `dpdvekog`g pde~dvgptvg/ \ijgpkjk`g`= dq jg ag~gak`g` `d tog qtqpgoakg `d d|g~ivgvqd g tog pde~dvgptvg `dpdvekog`g { aio tog ~vdqkño `dpdvekog`g/ Atgopi edoiv qdg jg pde~dvgptvg `d d|g~ivgakño `d jg qtqpgoakg qd `kad wtd dq eçq |ijçpkj
m+ Aioad~pi `d vdljtmi* atgo`i qd tqg { dqwtdeg `dj g~gvgpi/ Dj vdljtmi dq tog pëaokag dx~dvkedopgj `d jgfivgpivki ~gvg dj agjdopgekdopi `d vdgaakiodq wtd pvgoqatvvdo g pde~dvgptvg qt~dvkiv g jg gefkdopd { do jgq wtd aio|kdod egopdodv to |ijtedo `d vdgaakño aioqpgopd/ To eiopgmd ~gvg vdljtmi ~dvekpd vdgjk}gv ~viadqiq g pde~dvgptvgq qt~dvkivdq g jg gefkdopd (vdgaakiodq* vdavkqpgjk}gakiodq* dpa+* d|kpgo`i jg ~ëv`k`g `d `kqij|dopd { wtd ëqpd qgjbg g jg gpeñqldvg/ Jg lkbtvg `d jg k}wtkdv`g dq to `kq~iqkpk|i på~kai `d agjdopgekdopi agjdopgekdopi g vdljtmi aio vdlvkbdvgopd `d fijgq/ c+ @kldvdopdq pk~iq `d aio`doqg`ivdq* pvge~gq `d @dgo Qpgvc* Qp gvc* @dgo Qpgvc ko|dvpk`g* `d Fgvvdp* qtq tqiq { dqwtdegq `d dqpiq/ Jiq aio`doqg`ivdq eçq de~jdg`iq do jg ko`tqpvkg qio= Aio`doqg`ivdq ~gvakgjdq= qd de~jdgo atgo`i qd `dqdg do to ~viadqi aio`doqgv tog ~ivakño `dj |g~iv wtd qd tpkjk}g/ Aio`doqg`iv `d qt~dvlkakd= dq to g~gvgpi ptftjgv* de~jdg`i dq~dakgjedopd ~gvg aio`doqgv dj |g~iv `d gbtg/ Aio`doqg`iv `d vdljtmi= qd egodmg do to akvatkpi advvg`i ~gvg egopdodv tog ed}ajg jåwtk`g do qt ~topi `d dftjjkakño hgqpg aie~jdpgv tog vdgaakño wtåekag qk dq dqpd agqi* ñ pvgpgv `d aioadopvgv tog qijtakño ~gvg ifpdodv edmivdq ~vi`tapiq/ Aio`doqg`iv akdbi= dq gwtdj wtd dqpç ~tdqpi |dvpkagjedopd { dj |g~iv kobvdqg g jiq ptfiq ~iv jg ~gvpd koldvkiv* { dj aio`doqg`i vdpivog ~iv djjiq ekqeiq/
66
Jgq pvge~gq qd tpkjk}go ~gvg djkekogv jg hted`g` i dj gbtg `d to ~viadqi* {g qdg wtd qd pvgpd `d tog ~tvklkagakño `d `kqij|dopd i `d jjd|gv g agfi tog vdgaakño do aio`kakiodq gohk`vgq/ Pvge~g `d @dgo Qpgvc/%Qd tpkjk}g atgo`i dj qij|dopd g ~tvklkagv dq edoiq `doqi wtd dj gbtg/ Pvge~g `d Fgvvdp { @dgo Qpgvc ko|dvpk`g/%Dqpgq pvge~gq qd tpkjk}go atgo`i dj qij|dopd g ~tvklkagv dq eçq `doqi wtd dj gbtg/
^vkedviq gtxkjkiq do agqi `d dedvbdoakg= dedvbdoakg= Kobdqpkño/% @gv gpdoakño eë`kag* oi ko`t}ag dj |ñekpi* qk dj ~gakdopd dqpç aioqakdopd { oi hg{ aio|tjqkiodq* `gv to |gqi `d gbtg* qk dqpç koaioqakdopd jjd|gv gj ~gakdopd g to jtbgv |dopkjg`i { aijiagvjd jg agfd}g eçq fgmg wtd qt atdv~i/ Imiq= Jg|gv aio fgqpgopd gbtg gj edoiq ~iv 6> ekotpiq/ \dv g to ilpgjeñjibi qk dq odadqgvki/ ^kdj/% Jg|gv aio gfto`gopd gbtg { mgfño/ ÇAK@I QGJKAÅJKAI= QGJKAÅJKAI= (Gak`i ivpi%hk`vixkfdo}ikai+ A H (IH+(AIIH+ 4
0
Avkqpgjdq do gbtmgq fjgoagq i ~ij|i3 qgfiv `tjad* `dq~tëq gavd3 dqpgfjd gj gkvd ~dvi qd `daijivg bvg`tgjedopd ~iv dldapi `d jg jt}3 ~/ d/ 7*001 (6>)0½ A+3 ~/ df/ 677½ A g 6> ee3 qtfjkeg g 2<½ A3 ~/ l/ 748½%7<7½ A3 qijtfjd do gadpiog* gadkpd `d pvdedopkog* gjaihij dpdv { fdoadoi3 et{ jkbdvgedopd qijtfjd do gbtg/ Aieftqpkfjd/ ^iai pñxkai/ Dj ~ij|i liveg ed}ajgq dx~jiqk|gq aio dj gkvd/ AGLDÅOG (Pdåog3 edpkjpdifviekog3 pvkedpkjxgopkog+ A H O I6 H6I H6I (A (Aie~t ie~tddqpi fkak fkakaj ajkkai+ ai+ 8
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Gjagjik`d avkqpgjkoi fjgoai do liveg `d egqg gjbi`ioiqgq i hdfvgq jgvbgq qd`iqg ljdxkfjdq3 ~/ l/ 61<*8½ A3 qijtfjd do ajivilivei3 ~iai qijtfjd do gbtg { gjaihij3 et{ ~iai qijtfjd do ëpdv3 ~kdv`d gbtg g 8>½ A3 dljivdqad gj gkvd3 oi`ivi { `d qgfiv gegvbi3 jg qijtakño dq odtpvg gj pivogqij/ Ei`dvg`gedopd pñxkai do `iqkq `d to bvgoi i eçq/ Gadpildodpk`kog= (gadpildodpk`k`g3 AH1AIOHA
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^ij|i i avkqpgjdq fjgoaiq3 koi`ivi { dqpgfjd do dj gkvd3 qijtfjd do gjaihij* ajivilivei* ëpdv3 jkbdvgedopd qijtfjd do gbtg3 pkdod qgfiv jkbdvgedopd gegvbi3 ~/ l/ 714½ A/ Ei`dvg`gedopd Ei`dvg`gedopd pñxkai ~iv kobdqpkño= ADJKPG Egvag vdbkqpvg`g `d tog pkdvvg `d `kgpiedgq { tog jåodg `d ~vi`tapiq `dvk|g`iq/
02
Aijiv `d fjgoai g ~gv`t}ai ~çjk`i* `d~do`d `d jg agjk`g` { dj ~viadqi* jgq agjk`g`dq agjakog`gq ~td`do qdv viqg`gq i `d aijiv gopd ajgvi3 ~/ d/ >*60%>*10* ~iviqi ag~g} `d gfqivfdv 1>>%0>>$ `d gbtg ~iv ~dqi3 ~ifvd aio`tapiv `d agjiv* qiok`i { djdapvkak`g`3 vdqkqpdopd g jiq çak`iq dxad~pi dj ljtivhå`vkai3 jdopgedopd qijtfjd dj çjagjk agjkdopd/ GJEK@ÑO (Gekji+ AI4 ^ij|i fjgoai geivli d koqå~k`i3 pdvviodq kvvdbtjgvdq `d ~ij|i lkoi3 koqijtfjd do gbtg lvåg* gjaihij { ëpdv3 liveg to bdj aio gbtg hkv|kdopd3 ~/ d/ 7*0;; g 7*4713 ~/ l/ oi qd lto`d3 ~/ df/ @dqaie~iod (gv`d+ atgo`i qd agjkdopg/
OIVKPG Egvag vdbkqpvg`g `d agvfiodq gapk|g`iq `d ivkbdo |dbdpgj ~gvg g`qivakño/ ^tvklkagakño { `daijivgakño `d qijtakiodq wtåekagq* gbdopd fjgowtdgopd ~gvg bjkadvkog* gadkpdq |dbdpgjdq { bvgqgq3 `daijivgakño { aiopvij `d ijiv { qgfiv do dj pvgpgekdopi `d gbtgq3 agpgjk}g`iv { qi~ivpd `d agpgjk}g`ivdq3 vdat~dvgakño `d `kqij|dopd |ijçpkjdq3 ~tvklkagakño `dj gkvd3 pvgpgekdopi { qd~gvgakño `d bgqdq/ `+ Eëpi`i ~gvg `dpdvekogv jg qijtfkjk`g` `d to aie~tdqpi qñjk`i do dj jgfivgpivki* djdaakño `dj `kqij|dopd k`dgj ~gvg tog avkqpgjk}gakño Qd aijiag do to ptfi `d doqg{i >/7 b `d jg etdqpvg ~vifjdeg/ Gbvdbgv 7 eJ `dj `kqij|dopd g ~vifgv* gbkpgv { ifqdv|gv/ Qk dj qñjk`i oi qd hg `kqtdjpi* gbvdbgv ipvi eJ { ifqdv|d aio atk`g`i (~td`do wtd`gv ke~tvd}gq koqijtfjdq+/ Qk oi qd `kqtdj|d* vd~dpkv dj ~viad`kekdopi* hgqpg 1 eJ eçxkei/ Qk dj qñjk`i oi qd hg `kqtdjpi* dq koqijtfjd do lvåi3 qk qd `kqij|kñ* dq qijtfjd do lvåi/ Qk jg qtqpgoakg ltd koqijtfjd do lvåi* agjdopgv jg etdqpvg do fg÷i Egvåg hgqpg dftjjkakño { aio gbkpgakño aioqpgopd* pdokdo`i p dokdo`i ~vdagtakño `d egopdodv kogjpdvg`i kogjpdvg`i dj |ijtedo `d jg qijtakño/ Qk dj `kqij|dopd dq gbtg* gbvdbtd atdv~iq `d dftjjkakño { agjkdopd do edahdvi hgqpg dftjjkakño/ Ifqdv|d qk hg{ qijtfkjk}gakño i oi/ Qk jg qtqpgoakg oi qd `kqij|kñ* dq koqijtfjd do agjkdopd3 qk ji hk}i* dq qijtfjd do agjkdopd/ Qk jg qtqpgoakg ltd qijtfjd do agjkdopd* dolvkgvjg g pde~dvgptvg gefkdopd { jtdbi do fg÷i `d hkdji%gbtg/ Ifqdv|gv qk hg{ livegakño `d avkqpgjdq/ Dj `kqij|dopd k`dgj ~gvg avkqpgjk}gv tog qtqpgoakg dq gwtëj do dj wtd dj qijtpi dq ~iai qijtfjd do lvåi { et{ qijtfjd do agjkdopd/
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d+ ^vi~kd`g`dq wtd `dfd vdtokv to `kqij|dopd ~gvg tqgvji do tog avkqpgjk}gakño `d tog qtqpgoakg ivbçokag/ Wtd dj aie~tdqpi SqijtpiU qdg et{ qijtfjd g pde~dvgptvg djd|g`g/ Wtd dj qijtpi qdg q dg et{ ~iai qijtfjd do ëj g fgmg pde~dvgptvg/ Wtd oi vdgaakiod aio dj qijtpi/ Wtd qdg ji qtlkakdopdedopd |ijçpkj ~gvg wtd qdg lçakj djkekogvji `d jiq avkqpgjdq/ Wtd jgq ke~tvd}gq qdgo fgqpgopd qijtfjdq do lvåi wtd dj qijtpi/ l+ ^gqiq g qdbtkv do tog avkqpgjk}gakño aio to `kqij|dopd* ~gv `d `kqij|dopdq { avkqpgjk}gakño lvgaakiog`g Dj ~viad`kekdopi bdodvgj do tog avkqpgjk}gakño dq dj qkbtkdopd= l7+ @kqijtakño `dj aie~tdqpi qñjk`i do dj `kqij|dopd k`dgj g dftjjkakño/ l6+ Djkekogakño `d jgq ke~tvd}gq aijivk`gq (qk jgq hg{+ ~iv dftjjkakño aio agvfño gapk|g`i/ l1+ Djkekogakño `d jgq ke~tvd}gq koqijtfjdq ~iv lkjpvgakño do agjkdopd/ (Do dj agqi `d hgfdv tqg`i agvfño gapk|g`i* qd ~td`d tqgv tog g{t`g%lkjpvi+/ l0+ Ko`taakño `d jg avkqpgjk}gakño (livegakño `d jiq avkqpgjdq+/ G`deçq `d `dmgv dolvkgv g pde~dvgptvg gefkdopd gefkdopd { jtdbi do fg÷i `d hkdji%gbtg* pgefkëo qd ~td`d ko`takv jg avkqpgjk}gakño pgjjgo`i jgq ~gvd`dq `dj egpvg} aio tog |gvkjjg `d |k`vki* qdefvgo`i avkqpgjdq* dpa/ l4+ Qd~gvgakño `d jiq avkqpgjdq `d jgq gbtgq eg`vdq ~iv lkjpvgakño gj |gaåi/ l<+ Jg|g`i `d jiq avkqpgjdq aio to ~iai `dj `kqij|dopd lvåi/ l2+ Qdag`i `d jiq avkqpgjdq/ Avkqpgjk}gakño ~iv ~gv `d `kqij|dopdq Dq to ~viadqi do dj atgj qd pkdod dj qñjk`i g avkqpgjk}gv ~dvi oi qd pkdod dj `kqij|dopd k`dgj* ~iv ji pgopi qd tpkjk}g ~gvdq `d `kqij|dopdq/ Avkqpgjk}gakño Lvgaakiog`g
0;
^viadqi do dj atgj qd pkdod `iq* pvdq i egq qñjk`iq g avkqpgjk}gv { oi qd pkdod dj `kqij|dopd k`dgj ~iv ji pgopi qd pkdod wtd `dqgvvijjgv to qko otedvi `d avkqpgjk}gakiodq qke~jdq/ b+ Agvgapdvåqpkagq `d ~gv `d `kqij|dopdq* dmde~jiq `d ëqpiq Gjbtogq |dadq iatvvd wtd okobýo `kqij|dopd do ~gvpkatjgv ate~jd aio pi`gq jgq aio`kakiodq `d to ftdo `kqij|dopd `d avkqpgjk}gakño/ Jg djdaakño `d to ~gv `d `kqij|dopdq qd fgqg tqtgjedopd do jg etptg qijtfkjk`g` `d jiq `iq `kqij|dopdq dopvd qk { do jg bvgo glkok`g` `dj aie~tdqpi g ~tvklkagv ~iv toi `d djjiq/ Dq pgefkëo odadqgvki wtd dj ipvi `kqij|dopd `dj ~gv pdobg ~iag glkok`g` ~iv dj aie~tdqpi g ~tvklkagv/ Ipvgq aio`kakiodq g pdodv do atdopg qio= jiq ~topiq `d dftjjkakño `d gefiq `kqij|dopdq `dfdo qdv vdjgpk|gedopd advagoiq dopvd qk `d ei`i wtd toi `d jiq `kqij|dopdq oi qd d|g~ivd aie~jdpgedopd `tvgopd dj agjdopgekdopi { dj ~viadqi `d g`kakño3 { gefiq `kqij|dopdq `dfdo qdv aie~jdpgedopd ekqakfjdq `d ei`i wtd oi g~gvd}ag tog pdvadvg lgqd `tvgopd jg avkqpgjk}gakño/ G`deçq* dqpiq `kqij|dopdq `dfdo qdv ekqakfjdq dopvd qå/ Dmde~jiq= Edpgoij ‑ Gbtg Dpgoij ‑ Gbtg Gak`i gaëpkai ‑ Gbtg Gadpiog ‑ Gbtg Ëpdv ‑ Edpgoij Ëpdv ‑ Gadpiog Ëpdv ‑ Ëpdv `d ~dpvñjdi Fdoadoi ‑ Jkbvikog Ajivtvi `d edpkjdoi % Edpgoij h+ Pvgpgekdopi aio agvfño gapk|g`i (oivkpg+* `daijivgakño { agopk`g` de~jdg`g ~gvg dqpd lko/ Gjbtogq |dadq* qd pkdodo aiei ke~tvd}gq ~dwtd÷gq agopk`g`dq `d egpdvkgj aijivk`i i vdqkoiqi* i fkdo* ~vi`tapiq `d `dqaie~iqkakño wtd ke~gvpdo aijiv g jg qtqpgoakg/ ^gvg djkekogv dqpgq ke~tvd}gq aijivk`gq qd de~jdg to g`qivfdopd aiei dq dj agvfño gapk|g`i/ Ëqpd qd doatdopvg lkogedopd ~tj|dvk}g`i* aio ji atgj ~vdqdopg tog bvgo qt~dvlkakd `d aiopgapi { ~td`d g`qivfdv aie~tdqpiq ivbçokaiq `d eg{iv ~ijgvk`g`/ ^dqgv jg etdqpvg { aijiagvjg do to egpvg} Dvjdoed{dv `d pgeg÷i g~vi~kg`i/ Gbvdbgv ~iai g ~iai dj `kqij|dopd djdbk`i* ~vd|kgedopd agjdopg`i (aiedo}gv aio 7> eJ+/
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Agjdopgv hgqpg dftjjkakño* gbkpgv aioqpgopdedopd { aiopkotgv gbvdbgo`i `kqij|dopd hgqpg `kqijtakño aie~jdpg/ Vdpkvgv dj egpvg} `d jg ltdopd `d agjdopgekdopi { gbvdbgv ipviq 4 ñ 7> eJ eçq `d `kqij|dopd agjkdopd* `dmgv dolvkgv to ~iai (§otoag qd gbvdbg dj agvfño aio jg qijtakño hkv|kdo`i i et{ agjkdopd'+ { gbvdbgv tog ~topg `d dq~çptjg `d agvfño gapk|g`i (≈ >/7b+* g`kakiogv atdv~iq ~iviqiq { |ij|dv g hdv|kv* pdokdo`i atk`g`i
`d gbkpgv aioqpgopdedopd aio jg |gvkjjg `d |k`vki/ @dmgv hdv|kv toiq 1 eko/* pdokdo`i atk`g`i `d egopdodv aioqpgopd dj |ijtedo `d `kqij|dopd* { lkjpvgv do agjkdopd* ~iv lkjpvgakño vç~k`g* tqgo`i ~g~dj lkjpvi `d ~ivi advvg`i/ Qk dj lkjpvg`i gýo etdqpvg aijivgakño* qd vd~kpd dj ~viad`kekdopi/ k+ Aig`{t|gopd `d lkjpvgakño* ¹wtë dq* ~gvg wtë { atço`i qd tqg9 Qtqpgoakg et{ ~iviqg wtd lgakjkpg jg `kq~dvqkño i gfqivakño { wtd `g jtbgv g akajiq `d lkjpvgakño eçq jgvbiq* aiei jg `kpiedg* adjkpg { ~dvjkpg/ Jg adjkpg* to aig`{t`gopd `d lkjpvgakño pkdod tog bvgo qt~dvlkakd { ~td`d qdv `d etahg tpkjk`g` do akdvpgq i~dvgakiodq `d lkjpvgakño/ Qk do to `kqij|dopd hg{ tog qtqpgoakg et{ lkogedopd `k|k`k`g* ~td`d qdv et{ `klåakj djkekogvjg/ Do pgjdq agqiq jg adjkpg ~td`d qtq~do`dvqd do gbtg { lkjpvgvqd g pvg|ëq `d to deft`i `d ~jgag ~dvlivg`g atfkdvpi `d ~g~dj lkjpvi qifvd to egpvg} `d lkjpvgakño/ Atgo`i dj gbtg ~gqg g pvg|ëq `dj deft`i `dfd wtd`gv to jdahi `d >/64 g >/4 ae/ Dqpd jdahi `d lkjpvgakño ~td`d de~jdgvqd dopioadq ~gvg djkekogv jgq ~gvpåatjgq lkogedopd `k|k`k`gq/ Gopdq `d lkjpvgv jg `kqijtakño vdatëv`dqd djkekogv dj gbtg `dj egpvg} `d lkjpvgakño qk qd `dqdgo vdaibdv jgq gbtgq eg`vdq/ @tvgopd dj pvgpgekdopi aio agvfño vdqtjpg ýpkj g |dadq g÷g`kv tog ~topkpg `d aig`{t`gopd ~gvg g{t`gv jg lkjpvgakño ~iv bvg|d`g`/ G`deçq* dj jdahi `d adjkpg ~td`d de~jdgvqd ~gvg vie~dv jgq detjqkiodq do dj agqi wtd vd~vdqdopgvgo to ~vifjdeg `tvgopd jg dxpvgaakño/ ^çqdqd qke~jdedopd jg detjqkño g pvg|ëq `dj jdahi `d adjkpg { |tëj|gqd jtdbi gj deft`i `d `dagopgakño/ @dq~tëq `d hgadv dqpi* jg kopdvlgqd g~gvdadvç g~gvdadvç aio lvdatdoakg ajgvgedopd `dlkok`g/ m+ Eëpi`iq ~gvg ko`takv tog avkqpgjk}gakño/ m7+ Pgjjgv aio tog dq~çptjg i tog |gvkjjg `d |k`vki jgq ~gvd`dq `dj egpvg} (do jg kopdvlgqd qijtakño%gkvd+ { jtdbi dolvkgv dj egpvg} do to fg÷i `d hkdji%gbtg/ m6+ Qk oi avkqpgjk}g* ~iqkfjdedopd qd `dfg g wtd hg{ to dxadqi `d `kqij|dopd3 `kqij|dopd3 do pgj agqi* gbvdbgv atdv~iq `d dftjjkakño { aioadopvgv jg qijtakño* jjd|ço`ijg g
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dftjjkakño ~gvg d|g~ivgv ~gvpd `dj `kqij|dopd/ \ij|dv g dolvkgv* pgjjgo`i jgq ~gvd`dq aio tog dq~çptjg/ m1+ Gjbtogq |dadq* dq odadqgvki ‚qdefvgv― gjbtoiq avkqpgjdq `d jg qtqpgoakg ~tvg* { vd~dpkv dj ~viad`kekdopi `d pgjjgv { dolvkgv/ c+ Ko`kwtd jiq pk~iq `d lkjpvgakño { `ifjg`i `d ~g~dj lkjpvi { atço`i qd tqg ag`g toi/ Jiq lkjpviq qd `k|k`do {g qdg ~iv qt ltoakño* qt tfkagakño { liveg wtd ~iqddo/ ^iv jg ltoakño wtd vdgjk}go qd ~td`do `k|k`kv do pvdq agpdbivågq* lkjpviq edaçokaiq* lkjpviq fkijñbkaiq { lkjpviq wtåekaiq/ ^iv jg tfkagakño qd `k|k`do do kopdvoiq { dxpdvoiq vdgjk}go`i vdgjk}go`i atgjwtkdvg `d jgq ltoakiodq gopdvkivdq/ c7+ Qkqpdegq `d Lkjpvgakño edaçokag Dxkqpdo `iq livegq `d lkjpvgakño edaçokag= g ~vdqkño oivegj i g ~vdqkño vd`tak`g* dq `dakv g |gaåi/ Do dj ~vkedv agqi qd tpkjk}g to deft`i `d |k`vki { to pvi}i `d ~g~dj `d lkjpvi/ Tog |d} aijiag`i dj ~g~dj qifvd dj deft`i qd |kdvpdo qifvd ëj toiq ekjkjkpviq `dj `kqij|dopd de~jdg`i (do dqpd agqi gbtg `dqpkjg`g+* aio ifmdpi `d wtd dj ~g~dj qd g`hkdvg g jgq ~gvd`dq `dj deft`i/ G aiopkotgakño qd |dvpdvç jg ed}ajg vdgaakiogopd/ Do dj agqi `d jg lkjpvgakño g |gaåi qd tpkjk}gvç to deft`i Ftahodv* `d ~ivadjgog* aio qt ~g~dj `d lkjpvi aivvdq~io`kdopd* { aiei vdak~kdopd to egpvg} wtkpgqgpi* dq~dakgj ~gvg |gaåi* aiodapg`i aio tog bieg g jg aivvkdopd `d gbtg wtd ~vi`tad dj |gaåi/ c6+ Qkqpdegq `d Lkjpvgakño wtåekag Qt ~vkoak~gj ltoakño dq jg djkekogakño `d aie~tdqpiq wtåekaiq wtd aio jg lkjpvgakño edaçokag oi qdvkgo ~iqkfjdq/ Jiq aie~tdqpiq qd `dvk|go `d jg gapk|k`g` edpgfñjkag aiei jiq okpvgpiq i liqlgpiq i ed`kagedopiq/ Egpdvkgjdq lkjpvgopdq wtd qd tpkjk}go do dqpg lkjpvgakño qio= c6/7+ Agvfño gapk|g`i Egpdvkgj gfqivfdopd wtd g pvg|ëq `d to aie~jdmi ~viadqi låqkaiwtåekai vdpkdod eijëatjgq `d `dpdvekog`iq aie~tdqpiq/ c6/6+ Vdqkogq qkopëpkagq Gfqivfdo tog qdvkd `d aie~tdqpiq `dpdvekog`iq dxkqpkdo`i vdqkogq dq~daålkagq ~gvg djkekogv okpvgpiq i liqlgpiq/ c6/1+ Ptvfg
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Qkv|d ~gvg `kqekotkv jg `tvd}g `dj gbtg { vdfgmgv dj ~H/ aijivdgo`i dj gbtg `d to aijiv gegvkjjdopi qkv|d ~gvg pdodv tog aietok`g` `d ~dadq `d pk~i geg}ñokai (aiei jiq ~dadq `kqai+/ @ifjg`i `d ~g~dj lkjpvi G ~gvpkv `d to atg`vg`i `d ~g~dj `d lkjpvi* ji `ifjgeiq ~iv jg ekpg` { ipvg |d} ~iv jg ekpg`/ G aiopkotgakño ji vdaivpgeiq aiei ko`kag jg lkbtvg* qkdo`i dj ~topi A* dj adopvi `dj atg`vg`i/
Gfvkëo`iji `d ei`i wtd wtd`d to dq~dqiv `d ~g~dj ~iv to jg`i { pvdq ~iv dj ipvi* pdo`vdeiq to aioi* wtd qd aijiag do dj deft`i/ Dq odadqgvki wtd gmtqpd fkdo* ~gvg ji atgj* qk dq odadqgvki* qd aivvkbd jg qdbto`g `ifjd}/ Tog |d} gmtqpg`i* togq bipgq `d gbtg `dqpkjg`g hgvço wtd qd ~dbtd g jgq ~gvd`dq `dj deft`i/
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Lkb/ 7/% @ifjg`i `dj ~g~dj lkjpvi ~gvg lkjpvgakño vç~k`g/ @ifjd dj ~g~dj lkjpvi g jg ekpg` { jtdbi qåbgji `ifjgo`i aiei to gaiv`dño i to gfgokai/ Qd gfvd* qd aijiag qifvd dj deft`i { qd hted`dad aio dj ekqei `kqij|dopd wtd qd dqpç de~jdgo`i/
j+ Tpkjk}gakño aivvdapg aivvdapg `dj |gaåi {g qdg `d tog ltdopd `kvdapg i jg jåodg `d |gaåi/ Jg lkjpvgakño g |gaåi dq tog pëaokag ~gvg qd~gvgv to ~vi`tapi qñjk`i `d to qij|dopd i ed}ajg `d vdgaakño jåwtk`g/ Jg ed}ajg `d qñjk`i { jåwtk`i qd |kdvpd g pvg|ëq `d to ~g~dj `d lkjpvi do to deft`i Ftahodv/ Dj qñjk`i qd vdpkdod do dj lkjpvi { dj jåwtk`i dq gvvgqpvg`i g pvg|ëq `dj deft`i hgakg dj lvgqai aijiag`i `dfgmi* ~iv to |gaåi wtd qd avdg do dqpd ýjpkei/ ^gvg ~vd~gvgv tog lkjpvgakño g |gaåi* qd odadqkpg to ckpgqgpi* deft`i Ftahodv* dj ptfi `d dxpvgaakño* ~g~dj `dj lkjpvi* lkjpvi * qij|dopd jke~ki* { jg etdqpvg/
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Dj ptfi `d dxpvgaakño qd aiodapg g tog fiefg `d |gaåi/ Gjbtogq |dadq qd doaiopvgvç lvdatdopdedopd wtd jg ptfdvåg do jgq ag~tahgq* dqpço aiodapg`gq g tog pvge~g `d |gaåi/ Dqpd vdak~kdopd ~jçqpkai ~vd|kdod wtd dj qij|dopd qdg qtaakiog`i ~iv dwtk|iagakño do jg fiefg `dj |gaåi adopvgj/ Jg ptfdvåg `dfd aiodapgvqd g jg fiwtkjjg `dj |gaåi `d jg pvge~g { jg pvge~g gj fvg}i jgpdvgj `dj Ckpgqgpi/ Doado`dv dj |gaåi tqgo`i dj aiopvijg`iv aivvdq~io`kdopd/ \dvklkagv dj |gaåi qkopkdo`i wtd dxkqpd qtaakño gj lkogj `d jg ptfdvåg/ Dj |gaåi `dfd qdv ji qtlkakdopdedopd ltdvpd ~gvg qiqpdodv jg ptfdvåg do dj `d`i qko agdvqd/
Qd aiodapg jg ptfdvåg gj fvg}i jgpdvgj `dj Ckpgqgpi { qd |dvklkag jg qtaakño do jg akeg `dj lvgqai/ Aijiagv dj pg~ño eioihivg`g`i `d agtahi odbvi do jg akeg `dj lvgqai { jtdbi dj deft`i Ftahodv/ \dvklkagv `d otd|i jg aivvdapg qtaakño ~iokdo`i jg egoi dobtgopg`g doakeg `dj deft`i/ Qk oi qd qkdopd jg qtaakño ltdvpd* hg{ tog aiodxkño ~ifvd i to gbtmdvi do gjbtog ~gvpd `dj qkqpdeg/
^vd~gvgv ~gvg lkjpvgv jg etdqpvg aijiago`i to ~g~dj `dj lkjpvi do dj deft`i Ftahodv { eimço`iji aio dj qij|dopd jke~ki/ Qd `dfd |dv wtd dj ~g~dj dq qtaakiog`i hgakg gfgmi aiopvg jiq gbtmdviq `dj deft`i { dj qij|dopd `dfd gpvg|dqgvji vç~k`gedopd ~gqgo`i gj Ckpgqgpi/ ^gvg lkjpvgv jg etdqpvg* qd `dagopgvç `dq~gaki do dj adopvi `dj ~g~dj `dj lkjpvi/
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Tqgv eçq qij|dopd jke~ki ~gvg domtgbgv ji wtd wtd`d do dj |gqi* `d ei`i wtd pi`i dj qñjk`i qdg lkjpvg`i/ Domtgbgv dj qñjk`i do dj ~g~dj `dj lkjpvi aio a io eçq qij|dopd jke~ki/ Aiopkotgv gvvgqpvgo`i gkvd g pvg|ëq `dj qñjk`i* ~gvg d|g~ivgv atgjwtkdv qij|dopd vdqpgopd do jg etdqpvg/ e+ Pk~iq `d qdag`i `d avkqpgjdq/ Jiq avkqpgjdq ifpdok`iq do jg ýjpkeg dpg~g `dfdo wtd`gv jkfvdq `dj `kqij|dopd g`hdvk`i ed`kgopd to qdag`i/ Dj Fúahodv qd ko|kdvpd qifvd to ~g~dj `d lkjpvi `d qt~dvlkakd jkqg `ifjg`i do pvdq i atgpvi ag~gq { jiq avkqpgjdq qd ~gqgo g ëqpd aio g{t`g `d tog dq~çptjg jke~kg/ Qifvd jiq avkqpgjdq qd aijiago ipvgq himgq `d ~g~dj `d lkjpvi { jg eg{iv ~gvpd `dj `kqij|dopd qd dx~vked ~vdqkiogo`i ltdvpdedopd/ Dopioadq qd ~gqgo jiq avkqpgjdq g to |k`vki `d vdjim jke~ki i tog aç~qtjg ~jgog { qd atfvdo aio tog himg `d ~g~dj `d lkjpvi ~gvg d|kpgv wtd agkbgo ~gvpåatjgq `d ~ij|i/ Do dqpgq aio`kakiodq qd ~td`do `dmgv qdagv gj gkvd g jg pde~dvgptvg gefkdopd i qd ~td`do kopvi`takv do to `dqdag`iv `d |gaåi qifvd to `dqdagopd wtd qdg dlkag} ~gvg djkekogv dj `kqij|dopd tqg`i/ Jiq avkqpgjdq `dfdo ~iodvqd g qdagv g ~gqi aioqpgopd do to `dqdag`iv t ipvi vdak~kdopd g`datg`i* ~iv ji bdodvgj g ~vdqkño vd`tak`g/ Jiq aie~tdqpiq pdveidqpgfjdq ~td`do agjdopgvqd hgqpg g~vixkeg`gedopd 4>½ A `dfgmi `d qt ~/ l/3 qkde~vd { atgo`i qt |ijgpkjk`g` oi qdg `degqkg`i bvgo`d bvgo`d (to qdag`i dxadqk|i gj |gaåi ~td`d ~vi|iagv ~ëv`k`gq `d egpdvkgj ~iv qtfjkegakño+/ Jiq gbdopdq qdagopdq qijgedopd `dfdo tqgvqd do jiq `dqdag`ivdq atgo`i qd dqpço qdago`i avkqpgjdq do `kqij|dopdq gatiqiq/ o+ Bdodvgjk`g`dq { eëpi`iq `d `dpdvekogakño `d ~topi `d ltqkño/ Tqi { egodmi `d g~gvgpiq Lkqhdv Mihoq* ptfi `d Phkdjd djgfivgv dqwtdegq/ Jg ~tvd}g d k`dopk`g` `d tog qtqpgoakg ivbçokag ~td`d wtd`gv dqpgfjdak`g atgo`i qtq aioqpgopdq låqkagq (~topi `d ltqkño* ~topi `d dftjjkakño* aijiv* `doqk`g`* åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño* vipgakño ñ~pkag* dpa/+* aivvdq~io`do aio jgq ko`kag`gq do jg jkpdvgptvg ~gvg `kahg qtqpgoakg/ ^iv qdv `d lçakj `dpdvekogakño { 4<
~iv qdv jiq eçq akpg`iq* pgopi dj ~topi `d ltqkño aiei dj `d dftjjkakño qio i~dvgakiodq `d vtpkog do jiq jgfivgpivkiq `d Wtåekag Ivbçokag/ Dj ~topi `d ltqkño `d to aie~tdqpi qñjk`i avkqpgjkoi dq jg pde~dvgptvg g jg wtd agefkg `d qñjk`i g jåwtk`i { qkde~vd dq koliveg`i `go`i `iq pde~dvgptvgq= pde~dvgptvgq = jg ~vkedvg dq atgo`i g~gvdad jg ~vkedvg bipkpg bipkpg `d jåwtk`i { jg qdbto`g dq atgo`i jg egqg avkqpgjkog pdvekog `d lto`kv { g~gvdad `d ~viopi aiei to jåwtk`i ajgvi/ Dxkqpdo gaptgjedopd etahiq pk~iq `d g~gvgpiq ~gvg `dpdvekogv dj ~topi `d ltqkño* ~iv dmde~ji= dj ptfi `d Phkdjd (etdqpvg do ag~kjgv+ { dj g~gvgpi `d Lkqhdv% Mihoq (etdqpvg do atfvd%ifmdpiq+/ o7+ G^GVGPI @D LKQHDV%MIHOQ Dj g~gvgpi `d Lkqhdv%Mihoq aioqpg `d tog ~jgpkog agjdopg`g ed`kgopd tog vdqkqpdoakg djëapvkag* do jg wtd qd aijiag jg etdqpvg dopvd `iq atfvd%ifmdpiq vd`io`iq (toiq atgopiq avkqpgjdq do dj adopvi `dj atfvd%ifmdpiq +/ +/ Jg |djiak`g` `d agjdopgekdopi qd aiopvijg aio to vdñqpgpi kopdbvg`i gj g~gvgpi { jg pde~dvgptvg `d ltqkño `d jg qtqpgoakg qd jdd do dj pdveñedpvi g`iqg`i g `kahg ~jgpkog/ o7/7+ Agjkfvgakño `dj pdveñedpvi `dj g~gvgpi= Qd tqgvgo pvdq qtqpgoakgq dqpço`gv `d ~topi `d ltqkño aioiak`i g jgq wtd qd jdq `dfdvç `dpdvekogvjdq dj ~topi `d ltqkño do dj g~gvgpi `d Lkqhdv%Mihoq/ ^gvg eg{iv dxgapkpt` `d jgq `dpdvekogakiodq { aio fgqd do dj ~topi `d ltqkño aioiak`i `d ag`g dqpço`gv* qd agjatjg jg |djiak`g` ñ~pkeg `d agjdopgekdopi wtd `dfd tpkjk}gv do dj vdñqpgpi `dj Lkqhdv%Mihoq* g pvg|ëq `d jg qkbtkdopd lñvetjg= \djiak`g` `d agjdopgekdopi agjdopgekdopi 5 (^/l/ aioiak`i x >/8+ ) 1 5 ^l aioiak`i ) 0 Pvg}gv jtdbi tog bvçlkag `d agjkfvgakño `dj pdveñedpvi `dj g~gvgpi Lkqhdv%Mihoq do ~g~dj ekjkeëpvkai* aijiago`i do jgq gfqakqgq jiq ~topiq `d ltqkño pdñvkaiq aioiak`iq { do jgq iv`dog`gq jiq ~topiq `d ltqkño ifpdok`iq dx~dvkedopgjedopd/ Dqpg bvçlkag qd tpkjk}g ~gvg aivvdbkv ~topiq `d ltqkño dx~dvkedopgjdq* jiagjk}go`i ~vkedvi do jgq iv`dog`gq dj |gjiv dx~dvkedopgj { dxpvg~ijgo`i hgakg jgq gfqakqgq ~gvg doaiopvgv dj ~topi `d ltqkño aivvdbk`i/ aivvdbk`i/
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o6+ EËPI@I @DJ PTFI @D PHKDJD ^gvg advvgv jiq ag~kjgvdq* agjdopgv dj ptfi `d |k`vki aio to edahdvi { dqpkvgvji atgo`i qd gfjgo`d3 jtdbi qd lto`d dj dxpvdei `djbg`i ~gvg advvgvji/ ^gvg jjdogv dj ag~kjgv* ~tj|dvk}gv jg qtqpgoakg do to |k`vki `d vdjim aio jg ~topg `d to gbkpg`iv { g~jkagv dj dxpvdei gfkdvpi `dj ag~kjgv qifvd jg qtqpgoakg/ Doqdbtk`g* qd pieg to ptfi `d |k`vki `d toiq 1> ae/ `d jgvbi* qd g~i{g to dxpvdei do jg edqg { qd `dmg agdv ~iv gvvkfg dj ag~kjgv (dj dxpvdei advvg`i hgakg gfgmi+* hgqpg wtd jg qtqpgoakg wtd`d do dj lio`i `dj ag~kjgv aio tog gjptvg `d toiq 6 ee/ Ghivg qd akdvvg aio atk`g`i dj ag~kjgv ~iv qt ipvi dxpvdei/ Dj ag~kjgv {g ~vd~gvg`i qd tod gj pdveñedpvi ed`kgopd tog vio`gog `d htjd (jg atgj otoag `dfd piagv dj gadkpd+/ Ifqdv|gv wtd jg qtqpgoakg do dj ag~kjgv wtd`d ~dbg`g gj ftjfi `dj pdveñedpvi=
Jjdogv dj ptfi `d Phkdjd aio gadkpd ekodvgj (Otmij+ hgqpg atfvkv jg dopvg`g qt~dvkiv `dj fvg}i jgpdvgj (ifqdv|d jg Lkb/ 1+ { qiqpdodvji do to qi~ivpd aio togq ~ko}gq/ Aijiagv dj pdveñedpvi aio dj ag~kjgv do dj aivahi hivg`g`i* atk`go`i wtd dj ftjfi `dj pdveñedpvi ({ jg etdqpvg+ wtd`do gj ok|dj `dj fvg}i qt~dvkiv `dj ptfi jgpdvgj* qko wtd dj gadkpd piwtd jg vio`gog `d htjd (~ivwtd qd gljimg { qd agd dj ag~kjgv+/ Aiedo}gv g agjdopgv qtg|dedopd dj fvg}i jgpdvgj `dj ptfi `d Phkdjd aio to edahdvi/ ^vkedvg `dpdvekogakño/% `dpdvekogakño/% ^gvg aioiadv g~vixkeg`gedopd g wtë pde~dvgptvg qd lto`d jg etdqpvg* vdbtjgv dj agjdopgekdopi `dj ptfi `d Phkdjd `d pgj egodvg wtd jg pde~dvgptvg gtedopd g tog |djiak`g` `d 6>½ ~iv ekotpi/ Qdbto`g `dpdvekogakño/% `dpdvekogakño/% ^vd~gvgv ipvi ag~kjgv aio jg etdqpvg ~tj|dvk}g`g/ Vd~dpkv dj ~viad`kekdopi { tog |d} wtd lgjpdo toiq 1>½ ~gvg jjdbgv g jg pde~dvgptvg `d ltqkño* `kqekotkv jg |djiak`g` `d agjdopgekdopi g 6½ ~iv ekotpi/ i+ Lgapivdq dx~dvkedopgjdq wtd koljt{do do jg `dpdvekogakño `dj ~topi `d ltqkño/ Dj ~topi `d ltqkño `d to qñjk`i ~tvi dq jg pde~dvgptvg g jg atgj jg lgqd qñjk`g { jkwtk`g dqpço do dwtkjkfvki/ Qd qt~iod wtd jg ~vdqkño dxpdvog dq `d tog gpeñqldvg ~tdqpi wtd* aiei aiei hg{ to jkbdvi jkbdvi agefki `d |ijtedo |ijtedo gj iatvvkv jg ltqkño* dj dldapi `d atgjwtkdv agefki agefki dq ~dwtd÷i/
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Do dj ~topi `d ltqkño dj qñjk`i `dfd pdodv jg ekqeg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv wtd dj jåwtk`i/ Qk oi jg pkdodo* jg lgqd wtd pdobg jg eg{iv ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `dqpkjgvg do jg ipvg/ Ipvi lgapiv qio jgq ke~tvd}gq* qtq dldapiq qio aie~jdmiq ~dvi ke~ivpgopdq/ Gj `dpdvekogv dj ~topi `d ltqkño `d tog qtqpgoakg dxkqpdo akdvpiq lgapivdq wtd koak`do do jg dxgapkpt` `d jg ed`k`g* dopvd djjiq pdodeiq= Dvvivdq ~dvqiogjdq= dq~dakgjedopd jiq vdjgakiog`iq aio jg agjkfvgakño `dj pdveñedpvi { jg jdaptvg `dj ekqei (gj jddv dj |gjiv `g`i ~iv dj pdveñedpvi* jg jåodg |kqtgj `dfd dqpgv do dj ekqei ~jgoi hivk}iopgj `d jg aijteog `d edvatvki+/ Do atgopi gj ~vkedv gq~dapi* dq odadqgvki piegv aiei vdldvdoakg to eg{iv oýedvi `d qtqpgoakgq g jgq de~jdg`gq* ~gvg wtd jg atv|g `d agjkfvgakño qdg eçq dxgapg { jiq `gpiq ifpdok`iq eçq aiolkgfjdq/ ~+ ^vi~kd`g`dq aijkbgpk|gq vdq~dapi gj ~topi `d ` d ltqkño `d to qñjk`i ke~tvi/ ke~ tvi/ Jg g`kakño `d tog ke~tvd}g agtqg to `dqadoqi do dj ~topi `d aiobdjgakño/ Qk qd gbvdbg tog eg{iv agopk`g` `d ke~tvd}g jg |gvkgakño `dj ~topi `d aiobdjgakño qdvç gýo eg{iv/ w+ Pëaokagq `d ~gvg piegv ~topiq `d ltqkño edoivdq g advi bvg`iq adopåbvg`iq/ ^topi `d ljtk`d} Dqpd eëpi`i* `dqgvvijjg`i ~gvg jiq `dvk|g`iq `dj ~dpvñjdi* dq g`datg`i ~gvg tpkjk}gvqd aio qtqpgoakgq ijdiqgq `d fgmg pde~dvgptvg `d ltqkño/ Pvgq to agjdopgekdopi ~vd|ki* qd |g dolvkgo`i jg etdqpvg g tog |djiak`g` dq~daålkag { qd dxgekogo qtq agvgapdvåqpkagq vdijñbkagq g kopdv|gjiq `d 1 C/ Qd vdbkqpvg aiei ~topi `d ljtk`d} jg pde~dvgptvg eåokeg g jg wtd qd g~vdakg ei|kekdopi `d jg qtqpgoakg/ v+ ^topi `d ltqkño ekxpi* pëaokag g qdbtkv ~gvg piegv ëqpd* g~jkagakño d kopdv~vdpgakño `d jiq vdqtjpg`iq `dj ~topi `d ltqkño ekxpi/ To ~/ l/ ekxpi qkv|d ~gvg k`dopklkagv tog qtqpgoakg/ Qd ~vd~gvg tog ed}ajg kopkeg 7=7 `dj aie~tdqpi `dqaioiak`i aio tog etdqpvg ~tvg `dj aie~tdqpi `d vdldvdoakg/ Qd tpkjk}go pvdq ptfiq ~gvg ~/ l/ wtd aiopdobgo* vdq~dapk|gedopd* dj aie~tdqpi `dqaioiak`i* dj `d vdldvdoakg { jg ed}ajg3 { qd agjkdopgo gj ekqei pkde~i { do dj ekqei g~gvgpi/
4;
Qk jiq pvdq qd lto`do qketjpçodgedopd* dj aie~tdqpi `dqaioiak`i dq k`ëopkai gj `d vdldvdoakg/ Qk jg ed}ajg pkdod to ~/ l/ Kopdved`ki dopvd dopvd jiq `iq ({ dj aie~tdqpi `dqaioiak`i pkdod dj ~/ l/ edoiv+* dj aie~tdqpi `dqaioiak`i dq ~vifgfjdedopd tog etdqpvg ke~tvg `dj aie~tdqpi `d vdldvdoakg/ vdldvdoakg/ Qk jg ed}ajg pkdod dj ~/ l/ eçq fgmi* jgq ipvgq `iq qtqpgoakgq qio aie~tdqpiq `kldvdopdq/
Qtjlgpi `d qi`ki Eioibvg~h Otefdv= 8244 Pkpjd= Qi`kte Qtjlgpd AGQ Vdbkqpv{ Otefdv= 2242%86%< Eijdatjgv Livetjg= Og6I0Q Eijdatjgv Rdkbhp= 706/>0/ ^dvadop Aie~iqkpkio= Aie~iqkpkio= Og 16/12$* 16/12$* I 04/>4$* 04/>4$* Q 66/42$ Jkod Livetjg= Og6QI0 ^vi~dvpkdq= Goh{`vitq live* qgjp agcd (pdahokagj (pdahoka gj bvg`d+/ ^ir`dv iv ivphivhiefka fk~{vgek`gj fk~{vgek`gj av{qpgjq* av{qpgjq* e~ 8>>¾/ ` 6/2/ Qij ko 1/< ~gvpq ~gvpq rgpdv/ Egx qij{ gp 11¾= 7 ko 6/ Gfi|d phkq pde~ phd qij{ bvg`tgjj{ `davdgqdq go` gp 7>>¾ vdwtkvdq vdwtkvdq 6/0 ~gvpq rgpdv/ rgpdv/ Koqij ko gjaihij/ gjaihij/ Edjpkob ~ikop= e~ 8>>¾ @doqkp{= ` 6/2 @dvk|gpk|d P{~d= @dagh{`vgpd G``kpkiogj Ogedq= Bjgtfdv"q qgjp Eijdatjgv Livetjg= Og6I0Q/7>H6I Eijdatjgv Rdkbhp= 166/7;/ ^dvadop Aie~iqkpkio= Aie~iqkpkio= Og 70/62$* I <;/46$* Q ;/;4$* ;/;4$* H >¾/ Qij ko 7/4 ~gvpq rgpdv rgpdv gp 64¾* ko 1/1 ~gvpq rgpdv gp gp 74¾/ Qij{ ko rgpdv rgpdv `davdgqd` f{ OgAj/ Qij ko bj{advij3 koqij ko gjaihij/ Phd gw qijo kq odtpvgj/ ~H <%2/4/ Cdd~ rdjj ajiqd` ko g aiij ~jgad/ ;;
Edjpkob ~ikop= e~ 16/0¾ @doqkp{= ` 7/0< @dvk|gpk|d P{~d= @dagh{`vgpd G``kpkiogj Ogedq= Bjgtfdv"q qgjp Eijdatjgv Livetjg= Og6I0Q/7>H6I Eijdatjgv Rdkbhp= 166/7;/ ^dvadop Aie~iqkpkio= Aie~iqkpkio= Og 70/62$* I <;/46$* Q ;/;4$* ;/;4$* H >¾/ Qij ko 7/4 ~gvpq rgpdv rgpdv gp 64¾* ko 1/1 ~gvpq rgpdv gp 74¾/ Qij{ ko rgpdv rgpdv `davdgqd` f{ OgAj/ Qij ko bj{advij3 koqij ko gjaihij/ Phd gw qijo kq odtpvgj/ ~H <%2/4/ Cdd~ rdjj ajiqd` ko g aiij ~jgad/ Edjpkob ~ikop= e~ 16/0¾ @doqkp{= ` 7/0< Tqd= Liv qpgo`gv`k}kob qpgo`gv`k}kob `{dq3 ko lvdd}kob ekxptvdq3 ko `{dkob go` ~vkopkob ~vkopkob pdxpkjdq/ Phd goh{`vitq live liv `v{kob ivbgoka jkwtk`q3 ko Cmdj`ghj okpvibdo `dpdvekogpkio3 ko egotl il bjgqq* tjpvgegvkod* ~g~dv ~tj~/ Phdvg~%Agp= Agphgvpka/ Phdvg~%Agp%\dp= ^tvbgpk|d/ Ajivtvi lëvvkai Eioibvg~h Otefdv= 0>08 Pkpjd= Ldvvka Ahjivk`d AGQ Vdbkqpv{ Otefdv= 22>4%>8%> G``kpkiogj Ogedq= Ljivdq egvpkq Eijdatjgv Livetjg= Aj1Ld 7>>
Eijdatjgv Rdkbhp= 7<6/6>/ ^dvadop Aie~iqkpkio= Aie~iqkpkio= Aj <4/42$* <4/42$* Ld 10/01$ Jkod Livetjg= LdAj1 ^vi~dvpkdq= Hdxgbiogj* Hdxgbiogj* `gvc jdgljdpq iv ~jgpdq/ ~jgpdq/ Vd` f{ pvgoqekppd` jkbhp* jkbhp* bvddo f{ vdljdapd` vdljdapd` jkbhp3 jkbhp3 qiedpkedq qiedpkedq g~~dgvq g~~dgvq fvirokqh%fjgac/ \dv{ h{bviqai~ka/ Edjpq go` |ijgpkjk}dq |ijgpkjk}dq gfitp 1>>¾3 f~ 17<¾3 17<¾3 `64 6/;>/ \g~iv `doqkp{ `doqkp{ edgqtvdedopq edgqtvdedopq qhir phgp kp kq `kedvka `kedvka gp gfitp 0>>¾ ftp ftp eioiedvka gfi|d 24>¾/ @kqqiakgpdq gp gp hkbh pde~q pi LdAj6 go` Aj6/ Vdg`kj{ gfqivfq rgpdv ko gkv gkv pi live live phd hdxgh{`vgpd/ hdxgh{`vgpd/ Vdg`kj{ qij ko rgpdv* rgpdv* gjaihij* dphdv* gadpiod3 gadpiod3 qjkbhpj{ qij ko AQ6/ ^vgapkagjj{ koqij ko dph{j gadpgpd/ Cdd~ rdjj ajiqd`/ Fikjkob ~ikop= f~ 17<¾ @doqkp{= `64 6/;> @dvk|gpk|d P{~d= Hdxgh{`vgpd ^vi~dvpkdq= Fvirokqh%{djjir Fvirokqh%{djjir iv ivgobd eioiajkoka av{qpgjq/ ` 7/86/ Qpvtaptvd= SLdAj6(H6I+0UAj/6H6I= Jko`* M/ Ahde/ ^h{q/ 02* ;;> (7;<2+/ Tqtgjj{ qjkbhp pvgoq% SLdAj6(H6I+0UAj/6H6I= i`iv il HAj3 |dv{ h{bviqai~ka/ h{bviqai ~ka/ e~ 12¾/ Vdg`kj{ qij ko rgpdv* rgpdv* gjaihij* gadpiod* dphdv3 ~H il >/7 eijgv gw qijo 6/>/ Cdd~ rdjj ajiqd`/ J@4> k/|/ ko ekad= >/>0; eb Ld)b (Hiqckob+/ Edjpkob ~ikop= e~ 12¾ @doqkp{= ` 7/86 Pixkakp{ `gpg= J@4> k/|/ ko ekad= ekad= >/>0; eb Ld)b (Hiqckob+ (Hiqckob+ AGTPKIO= ^ipdopkgj q{e~pieq q{e~pieq il i|dvdx~iqtvd gvd gvd kvvkpgpkio il d{dq* d{dq* qcko* etaitq edefvgodq3 gf`iekogj ~gko* `kgvvhdg* |iekpkob3 ~iqqkfjd jk|dv `gegbd/ (@HHQ)OKIQH ;2%70>* 7;;2+ ~ Qdd OKIQH ^iacdp Btk`d pi Ahdekagj Hg}gv`q (@HHQ)OKIQH 720/ Tqd= Ko ~hipidobvg|kob3 ~hipidobvg|kob3 ~hipibvg~h{3 ~hipibvg~h{3 egotl il iphdv Ld qgjpq* ~kbedopq* ~kbedopq* koc3 gq agpgj{qp ko ivbgoka vdgapkioq3 ~tvkl{kob lgapiv{ dlljtdopq go` `di`ivk}kob qdrgbd3 ahjivkogpkio il Gb go` At ivdq3 gq eiv`gop ko `{dkob go` ~vkopkob pdxpkjdq3 7>7
ixk`k}kob gbdop gbdop ko `{d egotl/ Ajkokagj vdgbdop vdgbdop (gekoi (gekoi gak`q ko tvkod* dq~ ko ~hdo{jcdpiotvkg+/ Phdvg~%Agp= Phdvg~%Agp= Hdxgh{`vgpd Hdxgh{`vgpd gq gqpvkobdop* qp{~pka/ Phdvg~%Agp%\dp= Phdvg~%Agp%\dp= Qp{~pka* gqpvkobdop/ gqpvkobdop/ f+ @dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv* lto`gedopi pdñvkai* açjatji `d jg egqg `d gbtg odadqgvkg ~gvg gvvgqpvgv dtbdoij/ Do jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd `d |g~iv `d gbtg qd jjd|g g agfi jg |g~ivk}gakño qdjdapk|g `dj aie~iodopd |ijçpkj `d tog ed}ajg liveg`g ~iv ëqpd { ipviq &oi |ijçpkjdq&/ Ji gopdvkiv qd jibvg ~iv ed`ki `d jg ko{daakño `d |g~iv `d gbtg `kvdapgedopd do dj qdoi `d jg ed}ajg* `doiekoço`iqd dqpd &|g~iv `d gvvgqpvd&* ~dvi do vdgjk`g` qt ltoakño oi dq jg `d &gvvgqpvgv& dj aie~iodopd |ijçpkj* qkoi aio`doqgvqd do dj egpvg} livego`i ipvg lgqd koekqakfjd wtd ad`dvç qt agjiv jgpdopd g jg ed}ajg g `dqpkjgv ~gvg jibvgv qt d|g~ivgakño/ d|g~ivgakño/ Do dqpd agqi qd pdo`vço p do`vço jg ~vdqdoakg `d `iq lgqdq koqijtfjdq g ji jgvbi `d jg `dqpkjgakño (ivbçokag { gatiqg+* ~iv ji pgopi* ag`g jåwtk`i qd aie~ivpgvç aiei qk dj ipvi oi dqpt|kdvg ~vdqdopd/ Dq `dakv* ag`g toi `d djjiq dmdvadvç qt ~vi~kg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv { aivvdq~io`dvç g jg `d to jåwtk`i ~tvi g tog pde~dvgptvg `d vdldvdoakg/ Dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `dj gbtg { dj dtbdoij do tog `dqpkjgakño ~iv |g~iv dq `d ;;/8< iA g 2<> eeHb/ @d to jkfvi `d wtåekag doaiopvgeiq wtd jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv `dj gbtg g dqpg pde~dvgptvg `dfd qdv `d 24
7>6
Qtqpkpt{do`i jiq |gjivdq aioiak`iq= Egqg `dj dtbdoij 5 (1/8 eeHb+(7<0 b)eij+ Egqg `dj gbtg (24/>0< bvgeiq dtbdoij)7/> bvgeiq gbtg a+ Dxpvgaakño jåwtk`i)jåwtk`i aiopkotg* `kqaiopkotg* g~gvgpiq/ Goçjkqkq `d qt lto`gedopi* dwtk~i ~gvg dldaptgvjg { tpkjk`g` `d jg dxpvgaakño jåwtk`i)jåwtk`i aio `kqij|dopdq { `kqij|dopdq `k qij|dopdq gapk|iq/ G |dadq dj aie~iodopd `dqdg`i do tog dxpvgaakño qiji dq jkbdvgedopd qijtfjd do dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño/ ^td`dq d|kpgvji tqgo`i bvgo`dq agopk`g`dq `dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño tpkjk}go`i tp kjk}go`i to ~viadqi jjgeg`i dxpvgaakño aiopkotg/ ^gvg jgq dxpvgaakiodq jåwtk`i)jåwtk`i* jiq g~gvgpiq tqg`iq eiqpvg`iq g aiopkotgakño* `d~do`do `d jg `doqk`g` `dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño* qk eg{iv i edoiv g jg `d jg qijtakño dxpvgå`g/ Do gefiq agqiq* dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño dq `dqpkjg`i `dj egpvg} `d dftjjkakño* aio`doqg`i* { `dq~tëq |kgmg g pvg|ëq `d jg qijtakño qkdo`i dxpvgå`g* `d dqpg egodvg vdetd|d tog ~dwtd÷g agopk`g` `dj qijtpi `dqdg`i/ Dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño { dj qijtpi vdei|k`i `dq~tëq |go gj egpvg} `d dftjjkakño* `io`d jiq vdqpiq `dj qijtpi/ Dj qij|dopd `d dxpvgaakño qko defgvbi* dq vd`dqpkjg`i { `d dqpg egodvg dq aiopkotgedopd vdtpkjk}g`i hgqpg wtd jg dxpvgaakño dqdoakgj dq aie~jdpg`g/ a7+ Do jg dxpvgaakño jåwtk`i%jåwtk`i dj dmde~ji eçq qdoakjji dq tog dxpvgaakño `kqaiopkotg qke~jd do jg wtd `iq jåwtk`iq koekqakfjdq qd gbkpgo |kbiviqgedopd dopvd jgq `iq lgqdq jåwtk`gq qdbýo tog vdjgakño fkdo `dlkok`g/ Dqpg vdjgakño* ~gvg ag`g qijtpi* |kdod `dpdvekog`g ~iv qt qijtfkjk`g` do jiq `iq `kqij|dopdq { qt dx~vdqkño egpdeçpkag dq jg aioiak`g jd{ `d Odvoqp= C5A)A* qkdo`i A { A jgq aioadopvgakiodq `dj qijtpi do jgq `iq lgqdq { C tog aioqpgopd wtd vdakfd dj oiefvd `d aidlkakdopd `d `kqpvkftakño i `d vd~gvpi/ Bdodvgjedopd* toi `d jiq `kqij|dopdq dq dj gbtg { dj ipvi to `kqij|dopd ivbçokai oi ekqakfjd aio dj gbtg* `go`i jtbgv do jg i~dvgakño g tog lgqd gatiqg { g tog lgqd ivbçokag* wtd qd qd~gvgo qdbýo qt `doqk`g`/ Jg ed}ajg wtd qd ~vdpdo`d qd~gvgv ~td`d dqpgv liveg`g `d jåwtk`iq qijgedopd g aiopdodv qñjk`iq qijtfjdq { g qt |d} dj `kqij|dopd ~td`d qdv ýokai i qdv tog ed}ajg/ Gaptgjedopd qd pkdo`d ag`g |d} eçq g de~jdgv `kqij|dopdq ed}ajg`iq* aio ji wtd dq ~iqkfjd edmivgv jgq ~vi~kd`g`dq qdjdapk|gq `d toi `d djjiq/
7>1
To dxpvgapiv qij|dopd%jkbdvi/
To dxpvgapiv qij|dopd%~dqg`i/
a6+ Dxpvgaakño aio `kqij|dopdq `kqij|dopdq gapk|iq/ Qd tqg ~gvg qd~gvgv `d ed}ajg aie~jdmg jiq aie~tdqpiq do ltoakño `d qt ogptvgjd}g çak`i%fgqd* aio `kqij|dopdq çak`iq* fçqkaiq i odtpviq* qdbýo aio|dobg/ Jiq `kqij|dopdq gapk|iq vdgaakiogo wtåekagedopd aio dj ~vi`tapi wtd qd dxpvgd/ @dfk`i g wtd dj HAj { dj OgIH ~td`do ~vi`takv vdgaakiodq ko`dqdgfjdq aio jiq `kqij|dopdq wtd ~iqddo agvfiokjiq (çak`iq* ëqpdvdq* adpiogq* gj`dhå`iq* gek`gq+* gqå aiei aio `kqij|dopdq ivbçokaiq aio hk`vixkjiq i hgjñbdoiq { oi gvieçpkaiq wtd ~iqddo ~iqddo dojgadq dojgadq * jg qdjdaakño `d jiq `kqij|dopdq `kqij|dopdq ~gvg dqpd pk~i `d dxpvgaakiodq `dfd jkekpgvqd g hk`viagvftviq qgptvg`iq (hdxgoi { akajihdxgoi+* gvieçpkaiq (pijtdoi+ i gbtg/ Qk qd de~jdg ëpdv dpåjkai oi ~td`do tqgvqd aioadopvgakiodq bvgo`dq HFv i HK `dfk`i g wtd dqpiq ~vi`tado jg dqakqkño `d jiq ëpdvdq/ Dmde~ji/ Do to deft`i `d qd~gvgakño qd aijiag tog etdqpvg wtd aiopkdod çak`i fdo}ikai* oglpgjdoi { oglpkjgekog/ Gj g÷g`kv OgIH gj 7>$ do qijtakño gatiqg* qijgedopd vdgaakiog dj çak`i fdo}ikai ~gvg livegv fdo}igpi `d qi`ki* dj atgj dq qijtfjd do gbtg/ Qk do dqpd eiedopi qd g`kakiog aio gbkpgakño hdxgoi* t ipvi `kqij|dopd hk`vilñfkai g~vi~kg`i* { qd ~dvekpd jg qd~gvgakño `d jgq `iq lgqdq* do jg lgqd gatiqg hgfvç wtd`g`i qijgedopd dj fdo}igpi `d qi`ki* do pgopi wtd dj 7>0
`kqij|dopd ivbçokai hgfvç dxpvgå`i g jiq aie~iodopdq odtpviq { fçqkaiq/ Qk qd wtkdvd qd ~td`d vdbdodvgv dj çak`i fdo}ikai ed`kgopd jg g`kakño `d HAj gatiqi gj 7>$ g jg lgqd gatiqg/ @d dqpg liveg liveg jiq avkqpgjdq `d çak`i çak`i fdo}ikai koqijtfjdq do gbtg qd ~td`do qd~gvgv ~iv lkjpvgakño/ `+ Aidlkakdopd `d `kqpvkftakño `d Odvqp lñvetjg { dx~jkagakño `d ëqpg/ Açjatji `dj oýedvi { |ijtedo `d jgq dxpvgaakiodq ~gvg qd~gvgv gj dtbdoij `d jg lgqd gatiqg/ Lvdatdopdedopd do tog dxpvgaakño jåwtk`i)jåwtk`i* `d atgjwtkdv ei`i* jg qtqpgoakg oi dq aie~jdpgedopd pvgoqldvk`g `d to qij|dopd g ipvi aio tog dxpvgaakño/ Aiei vdqtjpg`i* to oýedvi `d dxpvgaakiodq ~td`do qdv vdwtdvk`gq ~gvg tog aie~jdpg pvgoqldvdoakg/ Etahgq qtqpgoakgq qio eçq i edoiq qijtfjdq do gefiq* jg lgqd ivbçokag ivbçokag { jg gatiqg* gatiqg* { qd `kqpvkftkvço dopvd dopvd jgq `iq lgqdq ~iv dqi jg aioadopvgakño do ag`g lgqd dq ko|dvqgedopd ~vi~ivakiogj g jg qijtfkjk`g` do ag`g jåwtk`i/ Do liveg `d datgakño* dj vdqtjpg`i dq=
@io`d Ai 5 aioadopvgakño `d jg qtqpgoakg do jg lgqd ivbçokag do bvgeiq ) 7>>ej Ar 5 aioadopvgakño `d jg qtqpgoakg do jg lgqd gatiqg do bvgeiq ) 7>>ej Qi 5 qijtfkjk`g` `d jg qtqpgoakg do jg lgqd ivbçokag do bvgeiq ) 7>>ej Qr 5 qijtfkjk`g` `d jg qtqpgoakg do jg lgqd gatiqg do bvgeiq ) 7>>ej Jg vg}ño `d Ai g Ar dq aioiak`i aiei dj aidlkakdopd `d `kqpvkftakño i dj aidlkakdopd `d ~gvpkakño C/
Dj aidlkakdopd qdvç tog aioqpgopd aioqp gopd `d tog qtqpgoakg g tog pde~dvgptvg ~gvpkatjgv ~gvpkatjgv { `d jgq `iq lgqdq/ Pgefkëo qdvç ko`d~do`kdopd `d jg agopk`g` `d qtqpgoakg gaptgj `kqtdjpg { `d jgq agopk`g`dq a gopk`g`dq `d jgq `iq lgqdq ~vdqdopdq/ Dj aidlkakdopd ~td`d pdodv |gvkiq |gjivdq* `d~do`kdo`i `d jg ogptvgjd}g `d jg qtqpgoakg { `d atçjdq qio jgq `iq lgqdq/ Qk C ? 7>>* dqpi qkboklkag wtd ~vçapkagedopd pi`g jg qtqpgoakg dqpg `kqtdjpg do jg lgqd ivbçokag/ Dqpi qkboklkag 7>4
wtd qiji tog dxpvgaakño qdvç odadqgvkg/ ^iv ipvi jg`i* qk C: >/>7* dqpi qkboklkag wtd ~vçapkagedopd pi`g jg qtqpgoakg dqpgvç `kqtdjpg do jg lgqd gatiqg/ @d otd|i* qiji tog dxpvgaakño qdvç odadqgvkg/ Tqtgjedopd* C dqpgvç dopvd >/7 { 7>* hgakdo`i atgopgq dxpvgaakiodq qdgo odadqgvkgq ~gvg aie~jdpgv jg pvgoqldvdoak p vgoqldvdoakg/ g/ d+ Eëpi`i ~gvg vdat~dvgv dj `kqij|dopd tqg`i do jg dxpvgaakño/ d xpvgaakño/ Aiei ji wtd qd ~vdpdo`d do jg dxpvgaakño dq `k|k`kv jg `kqijtakño jåwtk`g ivkbkogj do ~vi`tapi dxpvgå`i { do ~vi`tapi vdlkog`i* dq lto`gedopgj jg qd~gvgakño `dj `kqij|dopd g÷g`k`i g jg `kqijtakño/ @d gwtå wtd jg vdat~dvgakño `dj `kqij|dopd hg{g `d ~i`dv dldaptgvqd `d ei`i qdoakjji { daioñekai3 bdodvgjedopd qd vdgjk}g ~iv `dqpkjgakño* d|g~ivgakño i qgjkoklkagakño/ qgjkoklkagakño/ l+ Aviegpibvglåg do ag~g lkog/ Jiq eëpi`iq `d aviegpibvglåg do ~jgoi* koajt{do jg aviegpibvglåg aviegpibvglå g do ag~g lkog* aviegpibvglåg aviegpibvglåg do ~g~dj { djdapviaviegpibvglåg/ djdapviaviegpibvglåg/ Do pi`iq p i`iq jiq agqiq qd de~jdg tog ag~g ~jgog { vdjgpk|gedopd `djbg`g `d tog egpdvkg wtd g jg |d} dq dj qi~ivpd i fkdo wtd vdatfvd tog qt~dvlkakd `d |k`vki* ~jçqpkai i edpçjkag/ Jg lgqd eñ|kj qd etd|d g pvg|ëq `d jg lgqd dqpgakiogvkg ~iv ag~kjgvk`g`* g |dadq g{t`g`g ~iv bvg|d`g` bvg|d`g` i ~iv g~jkagakño g~jkagakño `d to ~ipdoakgj ~ipdoakgj djëapvkai/ djëapvkai/ Do jg gaptgjk`g` jg aviegpibvglåg do ~jgoi qd adopvg do jg pëaokag `d jg ag~g lkog* wtd dq eçq vç~k`g* pkdod edmiv vdqijtakño { dq eçq qdoqkfjd wtd qt gjpdvogpk|g do ~g~dj/ b+ Ldoijdq= aie~ivpgekdopi aiei çak`iq* eëpi`i agvgapdvåqpkai ~gvg qt k`dopklkagakño { ~vd~gvgakño `d to `dvk|g`i fdo}igpi `d dtbdoij/ Jiq ldoijdq= qio aie~tdqpiq wtd ~vdqdopgo toi i eçq bvt~iq hk`vixkji (IH+ tok`iq `kvdapgedopd g to gokjji gvieçpkai/ Dj ldoij dq dj ekdefvi eçq qdoakjji `d dqpg qdvkd hieñjibg { dq `doiekog`i pgefkëo hk`vixk%fdoadoi/ hk`vixk%fdoadoi/ Jiq ldoijdq ~vdqdopgo gjbtogq ~vi~kd`g`dq qdedmgopdq g jiq gjaihijdq* `dfk`i g jg ~vdqdoakg `dj bvt~i ‑IH/ Qko defgvbi aiolivego ipvg lgekjkg wtåekag { jg eg{ivåg `d qtq ~vi~kd`g`dq { jiq eëpi`iq ~gvg qt ifpdoakño ifp doakño qio `kldvdopdq/ Jiq ldoijdq eçq qdoakjjiq qio jåwtk`iq i qñjk`iq fjgo`iq d koaijiviq { qd ixk`go aio lgakjk`g` ~iv ji wtd qd doatdopvgo aijivdg`iq/ Do ~vdqdoakg `d ke~tvd}gq i fgmi koljtdoakg `d jg jt}* dj gkvd { akdvpiq aie~tdqpiq aiei dj aifvd { dj hkdvvi* dj ldoij ~td`d pd÷kvqd `d gegvkjji* egvvño i vimi/ Dj ldoij dq ~iai qijtfjd do gbtg {g wtd gtowtd ~vdqdopgo dj ~tdopd `d hk`vñbdoi* jg ~vi~ivakño `d agvfioiq aio vdq~dapi g jg agopk`g` `d ‑IH dq et{ fgmg/
7><
^gvg wtd jiq aie~tdqpiq wtd aiopkdodo bvt~iq ‑IH qdgo qijtfjdq do gbtg jg vg}ño dopvd agvfioiq { bvt~iq ‑IH oi `dfd qdv eg{iv `d 1=7/ Dj ldoij dq dj ekdefvi eçq ~dwtd÷i `d dqpd bvt~i { aiopkdod < çpieiq `d agvfioi { qñji toi `d %IH/ Jiq `deçq eioildoijdq ~iqddo eg{iv oýedvi `d agvfioiq { qñji to bvt~i IH* ~iv djji qio koqijtfjdq do gbtg/ Jiq `kldoijdq { ~ijkldoijdq aio eçq `d to bvt~i ‑IH ~vdqdopgo eg{iv qijtfkjk`g` do dj gbtg/ Jgq ~vi~kd`g`dq `d jiq ldoijdq dqpço koljtdoakg`gq ~iv qtq dqpvtaptvgq* do jg vdgaakño wtd qd ~vdqdopg g aiopkotgakño* dj ldoij ad`d to ~vipño gj gbtg ~gvg livegv dj kño hk`vioki* `d gatdv`i g dqpi* dj ldoij qd aie~ivpg aiei to çak`i/
Qk qd aie~gvgo jgq aioqpgopdq `d gak`d} `d jiq ldoijdq aio jgq `dj gbtg* jiq gjaihijdq { jiq çak`iq agvfixåjkaiq* qd ~td`d aioajtkv wtd jiq ldoijdq qio çak`iq eçq ltdvpdq wtd dj gbtg { wtd jiq gjaihijdq* ~dvi eçq `ëfkjdq wtd jiq çak`iq agvfixåjkaiq/ b7+ Eëpi`i ~gvg qt k`dopklkagakño ^vtdfg aio ajivtvi lëvvkai/ Do dj doqg{i `d ajivtvi lëvvkai jg eg{ivåg `d jiq ldoijdq `go togq aijivgakiodq kopdoqgq `d vimi* g}tj ~ýv~tvg i |dv`d/ Oi pi`iq jiq ldoijdq ~vi`tado aijiv aio dqpd vdgapk|i3 to doqg{i odbgpk|i oi `dfd aioqk`dvgvqd tog aiolkvegakño `d jg gtqdoakg `d jg ltoakño ldoij qko wtd hg{g tog d|k`doakg g`kakiogj/ Ipviq bvt~iq ltoakiogjdq pgefkëo ~vi`tado agefkiq `d aijiv aio dj ajivtvi lëvvkai3 jiq çak`iq gjklçpkaiq `go tog qijtakño egvvño3 jiq çak`iq gvieçpkaiq ~td`do ~vi`takv to ~vdak~kpg`i `d aijiv agodjg3 jiq doijdq `go aie~tdqpiq wtd |gvågo `d vimi%agodjg g vimi%|kijdpg3 jgq ixkegq* çak`iq hk`vixçekaiq* { jiq çak`iq qtjlåokaiq `go aijivgakiodq `d vimi g vimi%|kijdpg/ ^viad`kekdopi= G 7ej `d tog qijtakño gatiqg `kjtk`g (>/7 g >/1$+ `dj aie~tdqpi do atdqpkño* g÷g`kv |gvkgq bipgq `d qijtakño gj 6/4$ `d ajivtvi lëvvkai/ Aie~gvgv dj aijiv `dqgvvijjg`i aio dj `dj gbtg ~tvg wtd aiopdobg tog agopk`g` dwtk|gjdopd `d qijtakño `d ajivtvi lëvvkai/ Dj aijiv ifpdok`i ~td`d oi qdv ~dvegodopd* ~iv pgopi `dfd hgadvqd jg ifqdv|gakño do dj eiedopi do wtd qd dldapýg jg g`kakño `dj vdgapk|i/ Aio dj ~viadqi gopdvkiv `dpdvekog`iq ldoijdq oi ~vi`tado agefki `d aijiv/ 7>2
Aiei to ~viadqi i~akiogj* `kqij|dv i qtq~do`dv 6>eb qk dj aie~tdqpi dq qñjk`i i 7 bipg qk dq jåwtk`i do 7ej `d ajivilivei* { g÷g`kv 6 bipgq `d tog qijtakño wtd qd hgfvç ~vd~gvg`i `kqij|kdo`i 7b `d ajivtvi lëvvkai do 7>>ej `d ajivilivei/ G jg qijtakño g doqg{gv g÷g`kv 7 bipg `d ~kvk`kog { ifqdv|gv dj agefki `d aijiv/ ^vtdfg aio gbtg `d fviei/ Jiq ldoijdq qio gjpgedopd gapk|g`iq ~iv ed`ki `d jg qtqpkptakño djdapvilåjkag gvieçpkag* { vdgaakiogo aio fviei do gbtg ~gvg `gv to ~vi`tapi qtqpkptk`i/ Tqtgjedopd* pi`gq jgq ~iqkakiodq gfkdvpgq* ivpi { ~gvg hgakg dj bvt~i hk`vixkji* qio qtqpkptk`gq/ ^iv dmde~ji=
Tog ~vtdfg ~iqkpk|g dq gefgq* jg ~dv`k`g `d aijiv ~iv jg `kqijtakño `d fviei gatiqi { jg ~vdak~kpgakño `dj ~vi`tapi qtqpkptk`i/ Qko defgvbi* ipviq aie~iodopdq gvieçpkaiq gjpgedopd gapk|g`iq* aiei jgq gokjkogq i ëpdvdq* pgefkëo vdgaakiogo `d liveg qkekjgv/ ^vtdfg aio okpvgpi `d adqki/ Jiq ldoijdq wtd pkdodo oi eçq `d 7> agvfioiq* aiei jiq gjaihijdq* ~td`do vdgaakiogv aio dj okpvgpi `d geioki `d adqki/ To ~vdak~kpg`i `d aijiv aglë%aglë bvkqçadi qd liveg do tog `kqijtakño gatiqg* ekdopvgq wtd tog qijtakño `d vimi g aglë dq liveg`g do `kbjkeg/ ^vtdfg aio hk`vñxk`i `d qi`ki/ Jiq ldoijdq wtd pkdodo etahg aiomtbgakño aio dj kño ldoijgpi qdbtk`i qd |tdj|do aijivg`iq atgo`i qd `kqtdj|do do OgIH 7>$/ Ipviq ~td`do oi pdodv okobýo aijiv ivkbkogjedopd do qijtakño gjagjkog* ~dvi qd ixk`go g ~vi`tapiq aijivdg`iq% aglëq/ Gjbtogq |dadq pgefkëo jiq kiodq ldoijgpiq ~vdak~kpgo do OgIH 7>$* ~dvi qd `kqtdj|do do gbtg/ b6+ ^vd~gvgakño `dj fdo}igpi `d dtbdoij/ Aijiagv >/6ej `dj gadkpd do to ~dwtd÷i ptfi `d doqg{i { gbvdbgv 7ej `d gbtg/ Gbvdbgv tog qijtakño `d hk`vñxk`i `d qi`ki 7E bipg g bipg hgqpg wtd qiji dj 7>8
gadkpd qd `kqtdj|g/ Dj jåwtk`i vdqtjpgopd oi qdvç ajgvi* ~dvi oi `dfd hgfdv bipgq `d gadkpd |kqkfjdq/ Gj jåwtk`i* atk`g`iqgedopd gbvdbgv 0 i 4 bipgq `d ajivtvi `d fdo}ikji3 gqdbtvgvqd `d d|kpgv to dxadqi i dj ~vi`tapi lkogj oi avkqpgjk}gvç/ Agjdopgv jg ed}ajg do to fg÷i `d |g~iv i gbtg agjkdopd ~iv 4%7> 4% 7> ekotpiq/ Dolvkgv jg ed}ajg do to fg÷i `d hkdji { pgjjgv jgq ~gvd`dq `dj ptfi `d doqg{i aio to |k`vki hgqpg wtd qd livedo jiq avkqpgjdq/ Qk dj gadkpd oi avkqpgjk}g* `dagopgv jg qijtakño gatiqg* gbvdbgv bipgq `d edpgoij* { dolvkgv dj jåwtk`i do fg÷i `d hkdji pgjjgo`i jgq ~gvd`dq/ Aijdapgv jiq avkqpgjdq aio lkjpvgakño gj |gaåi* tqgo`i to deft`i `d Hkvqah* { vdavkqpgjk}gv aio tog ~dwtd÷g agopk`g` `d edpgoij hkv|kdo`i/ Aijdapgv jiq avkqpgjdq do to deft`i `d Hkvqah* qdagv* { `dpdvekogv dj ~topi `d ltqkño/ Dj ~topi `d ltqkño `d jg jkpdvgptvg dq 2> i A/ h+ Lto`gedopi pdivkai qifvd jg `dqpkjgakio ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv `d gbtg/ Jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv `d gbtg dq et{ ýpkj ~gvg qd~gvgv jgq dqdoakgq `d jiq |dbdpgjdq {g wtd `kahgq dqdoakgq qio ~iv ji bdodvgj koekqakfjdq aio dj gbtg/ Dqpd ~viadqi aio`tad `d ~iv qk g jg ~tvklkagakño `d jiq jåwtk`iq wtd hkdv|do g tog pde~dvgptvg `degqkg`i gjpg* i wtd `dqaie~iodo atgo`i qd agjkdopgo g qtq ~topiq oivegjdq `d dftjjkakño { ~iv pgopi oi qd ~td`do qd~gvgv ed`kgopd tog `dqpkjgakño lvgaakiog`g oivegj3 dopioadq qd tpkjk}g |g~iv `d gbtg ~gvg qd~gvgv* jiq |g~ivdq qd aio`doqgo ~gvg `gv gbtg ~tvg { jåwtk`i ~tvi* jtdbi jgq ag~gq ~td`do qd~gvgvqd aio lgakjk`g`/ Do dqdq aio`kakiodq dq ~iqkfjd `dqpkjgv jåwtk`iq `d ~topi `d dftjjkakño djd|g`i g pde~dvgptvgq ~iv `dfgmi `dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `dj gbtg/ @dfk`i g jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv aie~gvgpk|gedopd gjpg `d gbtg { gj hdahi `d wtd qt ~dqi eijdatjgv dq fgmi aie~gvg`i aio jg qtqpgoakg wtd dqpç ‚gvvgqpvgo`i―
aio |g~iv3 dq ~iqkfjd ~tvklkagv jg qtqpgoakg qko pdodv wtd `dqpkjgv tog agopk`g` dxadqk|g `d gbtg* `d ghå jg bvgo tpkjk`g` `d jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv* ~tdqpi wtd ~dvekpd qd~gvgv qtqpgoakgq `d ~dqi eijdatjgv djd|g`i { fgmg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv do liveg lçakj { vç~k`g/ Dj lto`gedopi `d jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv `d gbtg `d tog qtqpgoakg koqijtfjd i qiji ~gvakgjedopd qijtfjd do gbtg dq dj qkbtkdopd/ G ed`k`g wtd gtedopg jg pde~dvgptvg* ag`g tog `d jgq `iq qtqpgoakgq |g gtedopgo`i qt ~vdqkño `d |g~iv wtd qd i~iod g jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag/ @dfk`i g jg lgjpg `d qijtfkjk`g`* i ji wtd dq kbtgj g wtd ag`g tog `d djjgq oi dq `kjtk`g ~iv jg ipvg* ag`g tog dmdvad ko`d~do`kdopdedopd qt ~vdqkño `d |g~iv* qkdo`i jg ~vdqkño `d |g~iv pipgj jg qteg `d jg ~vdqkño `d ag`g aie~iodopd/ Aiei jgq `iq ~vdqkiodq ~gvakgjdq qd qtego* jg ed}ajg `d jg qtqpgoakg qtqp goakg koqijtfjd { dj gbtg gjago}gvg jg ~vdqkño pipgj `d 2<> ee* dq `dakv* jjdbgvç g jg dftjjkakño* g tog pde~dvgptvg gjbi eçq fgmg `d 7>>¾A/ ~iv pgopi dj |g~iv jkfvd `d gbtg 7>;
aio`doqg`g ed`kgopd tog pvge~g { wtd qd hgad jjdbgv gj egpvg} wtd aiopkdod tog ed}ajg wtd vdqtjpg `d jg vd`taakño* gjagjkok}g`g* gvvgqpvg dj |g~iv `d jg qtqpgoakg koqijtfjd { ji jjd|g gj egpvg} aijdapiv g tog pde~dvgptvg edoiv `d 7>>¾/ k+ @kldvdopdq pk~iq `d g~gvgpiq de~jdg`iq ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv `d gbtg
77>
m+ De~jdi `d jg datgakño wtd vdjgakiog jg agopk`g` `d jiq jåwtk`iq koekqakfjdq do tog `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd aio |g~iv* `dpdvekogakiodq wtd ~td`do hgadvqd aio `kahg datgakño/ Qt~iokdo`i wtd qd ~td`do g~jkagv jgq jd{dq `d jiq bgqdq* pdodeiq p dodeiq wtd dj oýedvi `d eijëatjgq `d ag`g aie~iodopd do dj |g~iv* qdvç ~vi~ivakiogj g qt ~vdqkño ~gvakgj `d |g~iv* ~vdqkño `dj jåwtk`i ~tvi g jg pde~dvgptvg `d jg `dqpkjgakño/ ^iv ji pgopi* qk ^g { ^f qio jgq ~vdqkiodq `d |g~iv `d `iq jåwtk`iq G { F do dj eiedopi do wtd hkdv|d jg ed}ajg dopioadq jgq ~vdqkño pipgj dq= ^P 5 ^g # ^f [ aiei jg ~vdqkño `d to bgq `d~do`d `dj oýedvi `d eijëatjgq wtd pkdod* dopioadq jg aie~iqkakño `dj |g~iv dqpç `g`g ~iv= og 5 ^g of 5 ^f
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Do `io`d og { of vd~vdqdopgo dj oýedvi `d eijdq `d jgq `iq qtqpgoakgq do to `dpdvekog`i |ijtedo `d jg lgqd `d |g~iv { aiei= bg og 5 Eg 5 ^g bg 5 Eg^g of bf ^f bf Ef^f Ef Jiq ~dqiq vdjgpk|iq `d jiq aie~iodopdq (bg { bf+ `d jg lgqd `d |g~iv qdvço k`ëopkaiq g jiq ~dqiq vdjgpk|iq do dj `dqpkjg`i i qdg wtd jiq ~dqiq `d jiq `iq jåwtk`iq aio`doqg`iq qio `kvdapgedopd ~vi~ivakiogjdq g qtq ~vdqkiodq `d |g~iv { g qtq ~dqiq eijdatjgvdq (Eg { Ef+/ Jg tjpkeg datgakño vd|djg jg bvgo tpkjk`g` `d jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd `d |g~iv* {g wtd dopvd eçq ~dwtd÷i qdg dj ~vi`tapi Eg^g* eg{iv qdvç dj |gjiv `d bf/ Jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd `d |g~iv qd tpkjk}g ~gvg qd~gvgv jiq gadkpdq dqdoakgjdq `d otedviqiq |dbdpgjdq dopdviq t ñvbgoiq `d djjiq/ c+ Pk~iq `d dxpvgaakño { atgo`i qd de~jdg ag`g tog `d djjgq= c7+ Qñjk`i%jåwtk`i/ Qd ~td`do dxpvgdv aie~iodopdq qijtfjdq do qñjk`iq aio g{t`g `d to `kqij|dopd* ~iv dmde~ji* jg ifpdoakño `d gadkpdq `d lvtpiq ijdgbkoiqiq i jg jkxk|kgakño `d ekodvgjdq/ ^gvg aioqdbtkv tog dxpvgaakño ji eçq vç~k`g { aie~jdpg ~iqkfjd `dj qñjk`i* qd pkdod wtd ilvdadv gj `kqij|dopd qt~dvlkakdq `d kopdvagefki bvgo`dq { vdaivvk`iq `d `kltqkño aivpiq/ Dqpi qd ~td`d jibvgv pvkptvgo`i dj qñjk`i g dxpvgdv/ To pgeg÷i `d bvgoi `degqkg`i ~dwtd÷i ~td`d agtqgv* ~iv dj aiopvgvki* g~djeg}gekdopi wtd `klkatjpg dj ~gqi `dj `kqij|dopd/ Do jg liveg eçq qdoakjjg `d dqpg i~dvgakño fçqkag qd ed}ajgo fkdo dj egpdvkgj `d dxpvgaakño { dj `kqij|dopd/ G aiopkotgakño qd qd~gvg { qd vdbdodvg dj `kqij|dopd mtopi aio dj qijtpi do ëj `kqtdjpi/ Dj egpdvkgj `d dxpvgaakño ~td`d dqpgv ~vdqdopd pgefkëo aiei jdahi lkmi* wtd dq gpvg|dqg`i ~iv dj `kqij|dopd/ Do ipvg liveg `d g~jkagakño* dj egpdvkgj `d dxpvgaakño ~dvaijg g pvg|ëq `dj `kqij|dopd/ Jg vdbdodvgakño `dj `kqij|dopd aioqkqpd* bdodvgjedopd* do to ~viadqi `d d|g~ivgakño ) `dqpkjgakño/ Do ëj qd djkekog ~gvpd `dj `kqij|dopd { wtd`g tog qijtakño aioadopvg`g `d dxpvgapi aiei ~vi`tapi/ Dj `kqij|dopd qd aio`doqg { qd ~td`d vdtpkjk}gv/ Do jg ~vçapkag* gj pëvekoi `d jg dxpvgaakño* jg lgqd ~ivpg`ivg qñjk`g qkde~vd aiopdo`vç aiopdo`vç tog ~gvpd ~gvpd `d qijtpi do dj qñjk`i/ qñjk`i/ G`deçq* tog ~gvpd `d `kqij|dopd ~dvegodadvç pgefkëo jkbg`g `d liveg g`qñvfgji g jg lgqd ~ivpg`ivg qñjk`g
c6+ Jåwtk`i%jåwtk`i/ Do jg dxpvgaakño jåwtk`i%jåwtk`i qd qd~gvg to aie~iodopd `d tog ed}ajg jåwtk`g* aio g{t`g `d to `kqij|dopd* `kq ij|dopd* wtd ~vdldvdopdedopd ~vdldvdopdedopd ji `kqtdj|d/ Do dj agqi a gqi eçq qdoakjji ~gvpkak~go pvdq aie~iodopdq= Dj qijtpi G Dj `kqij|dopd F Dj jåwtk`i ~ivpg`iv A Dj qijtpi G liveg ~gvpd `d jg ed}ajg `d ~gvpk`g mtopi aio dj jåwtk`i ~ivpg`iv/ Qk jg ed}ajg `d ~gvpk`g { dj `kqij|dopd F qd ed}ajgo dopvd qå* dj qijtpi G ~gqg gj `kqij|dopd F/ Hg `d ate~jkvqd jg aio`kakño `d wtd jg qijtfkjk`g` do dj aie~iodopd G do dj `kqij|dopd F qdg eg{iv wtd jg `dj jåwtk`i ~ivpg`iv A/ G qt |d} dj jåwtk`i ~ivpg`iv A `dfdvåg qdv ~vçapkagedopd koqijtfjd do dj `kqij|dopd F/
o1+ Qd~gvgakño d k`dopklkagakño `dj akogegj`dhå`i g ~gvpkv `d agodjg Dj aie~iodopd ~vkoak~gj `dj gadkpd `d agodjg (Akoogeiote }d{jgokato+ dq dj akogegj`dhå`i (pvgoq%1%ldokj~vi~dogj+/ Dj akogegj`dhå`i pkdod to ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d 646 ½/ ^VIAD@KEKDOPI ^vd~gvgv to g~gvgpi `d `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd `d |g~iv aio to egpvg} `d pvdq fiagq `d 4>> ej/ ^gvg vdaibdv dj `dqpkjg`i de~jdgv to Dvjdoed{dv `d 764 ej/ Kopvi`takv do dj egpvg} 74 b/ `d agodjg eijk`g* mtopi aio 7>> ej/ `d gbtg agjkdopd/ ^gqgv |g~iv g pvg|ëq `dj egpvg}* g |djiak`g` jdopg ~dvi aiopkotg/ @dqpkjgv hgqpg wtd qd hg{go vdaibk`i toiq 7>> ej/ Pvgq|gqgv dj jåwtk`i `dqpkjg`i g to deft`i `d `dagopgakño { dxpvgdv aio `iq ~ivakiodq `d 7> ej/ `d ajivtvi `d edpkjdoi/ Vdtokv jgq lgqdq ivbçokagq { `dqdahgv jg lgqd gatiqg/ Qdagv aio tog ~dwtd÷g agopk`g` `d qtjlgpi `d qi`ki gohk`vi/ Lkjpvgv jg qijtakño { d|g~ivgv ~vçapkagedopd pi`i dj `kqij|dopd qifvd to fg÷i `d |g~iv* do jg |kpvkog/ \dvpdv dj aioadopvg`i do to ptfi `d doqg{i ~vd|kgedopd ~dqg`i* { aioadopvgv dj aiopdok`i `dj ptfi ed`kgopd agjdlgaakño atk`g`iqg do to fg÷i `d |g~iv* hgqpg ifpdodv to vdqk`ti gadkpiqi/ Qdagv dj dxpdvkiv `dj ptfi { ~dqgvji/ Agjatjgv dj vdo`kekdopi qifvd jg agopk`g` `d aivpd}g `d agodjg `d ~gvpk`g/ Vdgjk}gv dj dq~dapvi kolvgvvimi { dj dq~dapvi `d vdqiogoakg egboëpkag otajdgv `dj gadkpd/ i+ Tqiq `d jg `dqpkjgakño ~iv gvvgqpvd `d |g~iv/ Dqpg pëaokag dq ýpkj do dj pvgpgekdopi `d gadkpdq ogptvgjdq { vdqkogq* wtd ~td`do qdv qd~gvg`gq do lvgaakiodq |ijçpkjdq do aivvkdopd `d |g~iv `d gbtg/ Dq ýpkj pgefkëo do jg vdat~dvgakño `d to qñjk`i oi gvvgqpvgfjd aio |g~iv* `d qt `kqijtakño do to `kqij|dopd `d gjpi ~topi `d dftjjkakño* aiei dj okpvifdoadoi* ~/ d/ 67>½* ~iv dmde~ji3 hgqpg jgq pvg}gq `d dqpd `kqij|dopd ~td`do djkekogvqd ~iv dqpd ~viad`kekdopi* egopdokdo`i fgmg jg pde~dvgptvg/ ~+ Agvgapdvåqpkagq wtd `dfdo pdodv jiq aie~tdqpiq ~gvg wtd qdgo gvvgqpvgfjdq aio |g~iv/ Jg aio`kakño eçq ke~ivpgopd ~gvg wtd dqpd pk~i `d `dqpkjgakño ~td`g qdv g~jkag`i dq wtd pgopi dj aie~iodopd |ijçpkj |ijçpkj aiei jg ke~tvd}g qdgo koqijtfjdq do 77;
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@DQPKJGAKÑO G ^VDQKÑO VD@TAK@G g+ Vdgaakño `d dqpdvklkagakño* aio`kakiodq `d vdgaakño { qt edagokqei/ Dwtkjkfvki `d jg vdgaakño3 pëaokag `d agjdopgekdopi g vdljtmi/ Dj qgjkakjgpi `d edpkji qd ~vd~gvg dqpdvklkago`i dj çak`i qgjkaåjkai aio edpgoij/ Dqpg vdgaakño `d dwtkjkfvki dqpç agpgjk}g`g ~iv jiq çak`iq/ Qko defgvbi* jg ~iqkakño `d dwtkjkfvki oi dq lg|ivgfjd gj ëqpdv* ~iv ji wtd dq ~vdakqi gtedopgv jg aioadopvgakño `d toi `d jiq vdgapk|iq ~gvg `dq~jg}gv dj dwtkjkfvki do dj qdopk`i `dqdg`i/ Do dqpd agqi vdqtjpg aio|dokdopd de~jdgv to dxadqi `d edpgoij/
Dj vdljtmi dq tog pëaokag dx~dvkedopgj `d jgfivgpivki ~gvg dj agjdopgekdopi `d vdgaakiodq wtd pvgoqatvvdo g pde~dvgptvg qt~dvkiv g jg gefkdopd { do jgq wtd aio|kdod egopdodv to |ijtedo `d vdgaakño aioqpgopd/ To eiopgmd ~gvg vdljtmi ~dvekpd vdgjk}gv ~viadqiq g pde~dvgptvgq qt~dvkivdq g jg gefkdopd (vdgaakiodq+* d|kpgo`i jg ~ëv`k`g `d `kqij|dopd { wtd ëqpd qgjbg g jg gpeñqldvg/
767
f+ Aviegpibvglåg do ag~g lkog= lto`gedopi pdñvkai* liveg `d ~vd~gvgv jgq ~jgagq* g~jkagakño `d jg etdqpvg* djtakño { vd|djg`i/ Jg aviegpibvglåg dq jg qd~gvgakño `d tog ed}ajg `d `iq i eçq aie~tdqpiq ~iv `kqpvkftakño `kldvdoakgj dopvd `iq lgqdq* tog dqpgakiogvkg { ipvg eñ|kj/ Jg aviegpibvglåg qd lto`gedopg do jg ~ijgvk`g` `d jiq `kqij|dopdq { `d jg etdqpvg g pvgpgv/ Jg ~ijgvk`g` dq tog ~vi~kd`g` `d jgq eijëatjgq wtd vd~vdqdopg jg `dqkbtgj`g` `d jgq agvbgq djëapvkagq do jg ekqeg/ Jg ~vkedvg aioqk`dvgakño gj djdbkv to g`qivfdopd `d AAL dqpvkfg do qk dj g`qivfdopd `dfd qdv bdj `d qåjkad dq QkI 6 { jg gjýekog dq Gj6I1/ Dj bdj `d qåjkad dq ~vifgfjdedopd dj wtd* dopvd gefiq g`qivfdopdq* qd tqg aio eçq dxpdoqkño { dj wtd bdodvgjedopd qd ~vdlkdvd ~gvg jiq aie~tdqpiq edoiq ~ijgvdq i çak`iq/ Jg gjýekog qd ~vdlkdvd ~gvg jgq qtqpgoakgq eçq ~ijgvdq i fçqkagq/ Atgo`i qd hg `dpdvekog`i dj g`qivfdopd `dqdg`i* `dfd djdbkvqd dj pk~i `d ~jgag/ ^gvg dj pvgfgmi gogjåpkai `d vtpkog* qd de~jdgo ~jgagq g~vixkeg`gedopd g~vixkeg`gedopd 6/4 x 2/4 ae (~ivpgifmdpiq `d ekaviqai~ki+/ Atgo`i qd hg ~vd~gvg`i jg ~gqpg (wtd aioqpg `d bdj `d qåjkad q åjkad i gjýekog { `kajiviedpgoi+ qd ~iodo `iq ~ivpgifmdpiq toi qifvd ipvi qd qtedvbdo do jg ~gqpg { qd qgago jiq ~ivpgifmdpiq ~ivpgifmdpiq atfkdvpiq/
766
a+ @dqpkjgakño g fgmg ~vdqkño* qke~jd { lvgaakiog`g* lto`gedopi pdñvkai `d ëqpgq* `kldvdopdq g~gvgpiq ~gvg aijdapgv jgq lvgaakiodq do jg `dqpkjgakño g fgmg ~vdqkño* dqwtdegq `d jiq g~gvgpiq de~jdg`iq* ko`kago`i jgq ~gvpdq wtd jiq kopdbvgo* oivegq `d qdbtvk`g` ~gvg jjd|gv g agfi tog `dqpkjgakño g fgmg ~vdqkño/ Etahgq qtqpgoakgq oi ~td`do `dqpkjgvqd qgpkqlgapivkgedopd ~iv jiq eëpi`iq iv`kogvkiq* fkdo ~ivwtd hkdv|do g tog pde~dvgptvg pgo gjpg wtd qd `dqaie~iodo i ~ivwtd qio qdoqkfjdq g jg ixk`gakño/ Do pgjdq agqiq jg ~tvklkagakño ~td`d vdgjk}gvqd ~iv `dqpkjgakño g ~vdqkño vd`tak`g/ Oi dq ~vifgfjd wtd jiq fgjiodq `d lio`i vd`io`i ^{vdx { jiq egpvgadq `d qtaakño `d ~gvd`dq bvtdqgq qd vie~go do dj pvgoqatvqi `d jg i~dvgakño* ~dvi gýo gqå* dj ~vkoak~kgopd `dfdvç tqgv bglgq `d qdbtvk`g` ekdopvgq vdgjk}g tog `dqpkjgakño gj |gaåi/ Jg dqpgfkjk`g` do dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño dq to aio`kakiogopd ~gvg pi`gq jgq `dqpkjgakiodq wtd qd jjd|go g agfi g jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag/ Qk jg ~vdqkño pipgj qifvd jg `kqijtakño dq edoiv wtd jg ~vdqkño gpeiqlëvkag* jgq aiopvkftakiodq `d jgq ~vdqkiodq `d |g~iv g tog pde~dvgptvg edoiv qdvço ji qtlkakdopdedopd bvgo`dq aiei ~gvg ~dvekpkv jg `dqpkjgakño/ LTO@GEDOPI Otedviqgq qtqpgoakgq ivbçokagq pkdodo ~topiq `d dftjjkakño qt~dvkivdq g 6>>¾A* etahgq qtqpgoakgq qd `dqaie~iodo g pde~dvgptvgq ~vñxkegq g qtq ~topiq `d dftjjkakño i gýo gopdq/ Atgo`i qd `dqdg ~tvklkagv i qd~gvg aie~tdqpiq aio jgq agvgapdvåqpkagq gopdvkivdq* dq aio|dokdopd piegv do atdopg wtd dj ~topi `d 761
dftjjkakño `d tog qtqpgoakg `d~do`d `d jg ~vdqkño wtd ji vi`dg* ~iv ji pgopi* qd jd ~td`d `kqekotkv* vd`takdo`i jg ~vdqkño g jg atçj dldapýg jg `dqpkjgakño/ Gj `dqpkjgv g ~vdqkño vd`tak`g* qd odadqkpg aioiadv dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño `d to jåwtk`i g tog ~vdqkño `kldvdopd g jg ~tfjkag`g/ Qk qd aioiado jgq pde~dvgptvgq `d dftjjkakño `d jg qtqpgoakg g `iq ~vdqkiodq `kldvdopdq qd ~td`d pvg}gv tog atv|g bvglkago`i dj jibgvkpei `d jg ^ \Q P/ ^gvg qke~jklkagv jg `dpdvekogakño `d jg pde~dvg p de~dvgptvg ptvg g wtd `dqpkjgvg tog qtqpgoakg g tog `dpdvekog`g ~vdqkño/ Fiv`doag ajgqklkai g jiq aie~tdqpiq ivbçokaiq do 8 bvt~iq* `d gatdv`i aio qtq vdjgakiodq dqpvtaptvgjdq dqpvtaptvgjdq { låqkagq/
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760
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764
`+ Lto`gedopi pdñvkai `dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño3 tqi `dj vdlvgapñedpvi* ~vdagtakiodq wtd qd `dfdo qdbtkv do qt egodmi* dqwtdeg `dj g~gvgpi/ Dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño `d tog qtqpgoakg (o+* dq dj aiakdopd `d jg |djiak`g` `d jg jt} do dj |gaki dopvd jg |djiak`g` `d jg jt} do dqg qtqpgoakg/ Dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño vdlvgaakño `d tog qtqpgoakg dq tog ~vi~kd`g` ~vi~kd`g` kopvåoqdag aiei ji dq dj ~topi `d dftjjkakño* ~dvi ~gvg `dpdvekogvji qd vdwtkdvd to koqpvtedopi gjbi eçq aie~jkag`i/ Dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño qd `dlkod aiei jg vdjgakño dopvd jg |djiak`g` `d jg jt} do to ed`ki* |kdod `dpdvekog`g ~iv jg kopdvgaakño `d jgq io`gq jtekoiqgq jtekoiqgq aio jiq djdapviodq `d `d jiq ivfkpgjdq ivfkpgjdq dojg}gopdq { oi dojg}gopdq `d jg qtqpgoakg* qtqpgoakg* ~iv aioqkbtkdopd* aioqkbtkdopd* jg |djiak`g` |djiak`g` `d jg jt} g pvg|ëq pvg|ëq `dj ed`ki dqpgvç vdjgakiog`g aio jg dqpvtaptvg dqpvtaptv g `d jg eijëatjg { do ~gvpkatjgv aio jg ajgqd `d bvt~iq ltoakiogjdq wtd aiopdobg/ Dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño eçq fgmi `d to jkwtk`i aivvkdopd dq dj `dj gbtg 7*11/ Do bdodvgj jiq egpdvkgjdq ivbçokaiq pkdodo åo`kadq `d vdlvgaakño wtd agdo `dopvi `dj kopdv|gji dopvd 7*1 { 7*
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Gopdq { `dq~tëq `d hgadv tog `dpdvekogakño `dfd jke~kgvqd atk`g`iqgedopd dj ~vkqeg aio to gjbi`ño de~g~g`i do dpgoij { qdaço`iji aio ipvi gjbi`ño/ Atgo`i oi dqpë do tqi* aijiwtd to pviakpi `d ~g~dj qd`g dopvd jiq ~vkqegq/ Jg vdlvgaakño dq ke~ivpgopd {g wtd atgo`i jg vg`kgakño ~gqg `d to ed`ki g ipvi* ~gvakgjedopd qd vdljdmg { ~gvakgjedopd qd pvgoqekpd/ Jg vg`kgakño pvgoqekpk`g aioqdv|g qtq lvdatdoakgq agvgapdvåqpkagq agvgapdvåqpkagq do dj otd|i otd|i ed`ki* ~dvi ~dvi jg |djiak`g` |djiak`g` aiei jg `kvdaakño `d ~vi~gbgakño ~td`g agefkgv/ Jgq agvgapdvåqpkagq kopdvlgakiogjdq `d jg vg`kgakño gj ~gqgv gkvd `dj |k`vki/ ^gvg ~i`dv dx~jkagv dqpd ltoakiogekdopi dq ýpkj aioqk`dvgv to ‚lvdopd `d io`g― ~dv~do`katjgv g jg
`kvdaakño `d ~vi~gbgakño/ Qk dj vg{i åo`kad do jg qt~dvlkakd `dj |k`vki fgmi to çobtji `dpdvekog`i ( dq dj çobtji `d koak`doakg+* toi `d jiq jg`iq `dj lvdopd jjgbg ~vkedvi g jg kopdvlgad { ~dodpvg gj |k`vki gopdq wtd dj ipvi/ Gqå ~tdq ekdopvgq toi `d jiq jg`iq `dj lvdopd `d io`g qd `dq~jg}g {g do dj |k`vki dj ipvi qd dqpç `dq~jg}go`i gto do dj gkvd/ Qd `dlkod jg vdjgakño dopvd jg |djiak`g` o dj |gaki { do ipvi ed`ki aiei dj åo`kad `d vdlvgaakño i qdg=
