Lab Reports YM-211 Practical No: 2 to 12 Submitted To: Sir M. Zubair Sb. Submitted by: Kashif Ali Khan 07-NTU-072 Semester 4th Section: B
NATIONAL TEXTILE UNIVERSITY
FAISALABAD
Practical No: 2 Title:
Determination of count of lap and sliver.
OBJECTIVES: To become familer with the method of numbering of lap and sliver in english system of numbering.
MATERIAL USED: Sample of lap and sliver.
APPARATUS: •
Wooden template.
•
Wrapping drum.
•
Wrapping reel.
PROCEDURE: Sliver: 1. First First of of all , the the sample sample of sliver sliver was was taken taken.. 2. With the the help of of wrapping wrapping drum, drum, 6 yards yards of sliver sliver was was measured. measured. 3. The circumfe circumference rence of the wrapping wrapping drum drum was one one yard, yard, 6 yards yards was measure measured d by revolving the wrapping drum 6 times. 4. With the the help of weighin weighing g balance, the the weight of measured measured length length of sliver sliver was calculated. 5. That That weight weight was measur measured ed in pounds. pounds. 6. Then, Then, number number of yard yardss per pound pound was was calcul calculated ated.. 7. Then, count count of of sliver sliver was calculated calculated by dividing dividing it by 840. 840.
Lap: 1. The The sam sampl plee of of lap lap was was taken taken.. 2. With the the help of of wooden template, template, one yard yard of sample sample lap lap was measur measured. ed. 3. Then, with with the help help of weighi weighing ng balance balance the weight weight of measured measured length length was calculated. 4. Then, Then, number number of yard yardss per pound pound were were calcul calculate ated. d. 5. Then, the count count was was calcula calculated ted by dividing dividing it it by 840.
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OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS FOR SLIVER: TYPE OF MATERIAL
SLIVER
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGHT /STANDARD LENGTH
6 Y A RD S
-
6 Y A RD S
-
6 Y A RD S
NUMBER OF YARDS PER POUND
8217 OUNCE
COUNT BY DEFINATION
1116.83
VERIFICATION OF COUNT BY FORMULA
0.1390
0.1390
MEAN
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS: TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGHT /STANDARD LENGTH
NUMBER OF YARDS PER POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
LAP
1 Y A RD
12.25
0.0816
0.000097
0.000097
-
1 Y A RD
-
1 Y A RD MEAN
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Drum Drum shou should ld be be prope properly rly adjust adjusted. ed. 2. It shoul should d complet completee one revol revoluti ution on for 1 yard yard.. 3. The lap lap or sliver sliver shou should ld not not be entan entangle gled. d. 4. Sample Sample should should be weigh weighted ted prop properl erly. y. 5. Templa Template te plate plate should should be adjus adjusted ted proper properly. ly. 6. The sample sample should should be taken taken according according to to the boundarie boundariess of templat templatee plate. plate. 7. It should should be weig weighte hted d prope properly rly..
3
Practical No: 3 Title:
Determination of count of roving and
yarn. OBJECTIVES: To become familer with the method of numbering of roving and yarn in english system of numbering.
MATERIAL USED: Sample of roving and yarn.
APPARATUS: •
Wrapping drum.
•
Rappeing reel.
PROCEDURE: ROVING: 1. First First of of all, all, the sampl samplee of rovin roving g was taken taken.. 2. With the help help of of wrapping wrapping drum, 15 yards yards were measured. measured. 3. Circumfer Circumference ence of the the wrapping wrapping drum drum was one one yard by by revolving revolving it it 15 times times we get 15 yards. 4. With the the help of of weighing weighing balance, balance, the the weight of measured measured length length of roving roving was was calculated in pounds. 5. Then, Then, number number of yard yardss per pound pound was was calcul calculated ated.. 6. Then, Then, the the count count of roving roving was was calcu calculat lated. ed.
YARN: 1. The The samp sample le of of yar yarn n was was take taken. n. 2. With the help help of rappeing rappeing reel, reel, 120 yards yards were were measure measured. d. 3. With the the help of weighin weighing g balance, the the weight of measured measured length length was calculat calculated ed in pounds. 4. Then, Then, number number of yard yardss per pound pound were were calcul calculate ated. d.
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5. Then, Then, count count of yarn yarn was was calc calculat ulated. ed.
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS(Roving): TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGTH /STANDARD LENGTH(OUN S)
NO. OF YARDS PER POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
ROVING
15 YARDS
9.13
150
0.892
0.892
-
15 YARDS
-
15 YARDS MEAN
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS (Yarn): TYPE OF MATERIAL
STANDARD LENGTH OF MATERIAL
WEIGHT /STANDARD LENGTH(OUN S)
NO. OF YARDS PER POUND
COUNT BY DEFINATION
VERIFICATION BY FORMULA
Y A RN
120 YARDS
3.28
17142.85
20.40
20.40
-
120 YARDS
-
120 YARDS MEAN
PRECAUTIONS: 1. Drum Drum shou should ld be be prope properly rly adjust adjusted. ed. 2. It shoul should d complet completee one revol revoluti ution on for 1 yard yard.. 3. The rovi roving ng or yarn yarn should should not not be enta entangl ngled. ed. 4. Sample Sample should should be weigh weighted ted prop properl erly. y. 5. Rappei Rappeing ng reel plate plate shoul should d be adjusted adjusted proper properly. ly. 6. 120 yards yards by rappein rappeing g reel should be measured measured properly. properly. 7. It should should be weig weighte hted d prope properly rly..
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Practical No: 4 Title: Inspection of waste extracted by different machines of spinning department. NAME OF MACHINES: 1. BL BLOW OW ROO ROOM M MAC MACHI HINE NES: S: • • • • •
Purcupin opener. Exiflow machine. Step cleaner machine. Kishner bitter waste. Scutcher machine.
2. CARD CARD MACHI ACHINE NE:: • • • •
Taker in waste. Cylinder under casing waste. Flate strip waste. Goffer waste.
3. DRAWI DRAWING NG FRAM FRAME E MAC MACHIN HINE. E. 4. ROVI ROVING NG FRAM FRAME E MAC MACHI HINE NE.. 5. RING RING FRA FRAME ME MAC MACHI HINE NE.. 6. WIND WINDIN ING G MACH MACHIN INE. E.
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Practical No: 5 Title: Calc Calcul ulat ate e the the dif differe ferent nt draf drafts ts and and draf draftt count of carding machine OBJECTIVES: 1. Fiber Fiber to fiber fiber openi opening. ng. 2. Cleaning. 3. Mixi Mixing ng fro from m fiber fiber to to fiber fiber.. 4. Prod Produc ucee sliv sliver er..
EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL: Drafting machine. Lap roll.
METHODS OF DRAFTING: •
Dispersion drafting method: Material disperse on roller of machine and drafting in that condition.
•
Roller drafting method: Material feed in regular pattern and drafting happened. Bale remains in regular pattern during process.
DRAFT: •
Increase in length per unit weight is called c alled draft.
•
OR Decrease in weight per unit length is called draft.
PROCEDURE: 1. First First of all, all, the materi material al was fed fed on draftin drafting g machine machine which was was given. given.
7
2. Then, the draft draft between between lap lap roller roller and feed roller roller was calculated calculated (tension (tension draft) draft).. 3. For calculati calculating ng the tension tension draft, draft, the RPM RPM of feed roller roller and and lap roller roller and diameter of feed and lap roller was calculated and put the values va lues in the following formula.
TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of feed roller/surface speed o f lap roller. D1
= RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller RPM of lap roller * П * diameter of lap roller
For measuring the RPM of feed and lap roller tecometer was used.
Then, draft between feed roller and doffer was calculated (main draft).
For calculating the main draft, the RPM of doffer and feed roller and diameter of doffer and feed roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
MAIN DRAFT = surface speed of doffer/surface speed of feed roller. D2
RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer = RPM of feed roller * П * diameter d iameter of feed roller
Then, the draft between doffer and calender roller was calculated (tension draft).
For calculating the tension draft, RPM of calender roller and doffer and diameter of calender roller and doffer was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of doffer. D3
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller = RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer d offer
Then, the draft between calender roller and coiler calender was calculated.
For calculating that draft, RPM of coiler calender roller and calender roller and diameter of coiler calender roller and calender roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
D4 = surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of calender roller. RPM of coiler calender roller * П * diameter of coiler calender roller =
8
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller
Then, total draft of carding machine was calculated by the formula
TOTAL DRAFT = surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of lap roller
Then, DCP was calculated.
Then, D.C was calculated by multiplying draft with DCP.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller Tension draft = D1 = RPM of lap roller * П * diameter of lap roller D1 = D1 =
RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer Main draft = D2 = RPM of feed roller * П * diameter of feed roller D2 =
RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller Tension draft = D3 = RPM of doffer * П * diameter of doffer D3 = RPM of coiler calender roller * П * diameter of coiler calender roller D4 = RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D4 =
Total draft
= surface speed of coiler calender roller/surface speed of lap roller
9
= DCP = D.C = draft * DCP.
Practical No: 6 Title: To
calc calcu ulat late
the
cle cleanin aning g
effici ficie ency
of
scutcher machine. OBJECTIVES: To understand the method of determine the cleaning efficiency of cleaning machine of blow room.
EQUIPMENTS: 1. scut scutch cher er mac machi hine ne.. 2. Shir Shirle ley y anal analyz yzer er.. 3. Feedin Feeding g materi material al of scut scutche cherr machin machine. e. 4. Lap Lap mat mater eriial. al. 5. We Weig ight ht bala balanc nce. e.
PROCEDURE: 1. 100 gram gram sample sample of feeding feeding material material of scutcher scutcher machine machine was selected. selected. 2. The The samp sample le mater materia iall for for scut scutche cherr mach machin inee was was take taken n from from 20 – 30 places places of feeding material for true representation. 3. Then, the the sample sample was fed in in Shirley Shirley analyzer analyzer and complet completed ed the standard standard method method of the machine. 4. Then, Then, trash trash T5 T5 was coll collect ected ed from from trash trash tray tray.. 5. With the the help of of weighing weighing balance, balance, the the weight of trash trash was calcul calculated. ated. 6. Then, Then, 100 gram gram sample sample was taken taken from from lap role role from 20 – 30 places places of the the lap role for true representation.
10
7. Then, materi material al was fed fed in Shirley Shirley analyze analyzerr and completed completed the the standard standard method method of machine. 8. With the the help of of weighing weighing balance, balance, the the weight of trash trash was calcul calculated. ated. 9. Cleaning Cleaning efficiency efficiency of scutche scutcherr machine machine was calculated calculated by the the following following formula formula..
lap/weight of trash in 10. ( trash in feeding material – trash in lap/weight feeding material) * 100. 11. Cleaning efficiency of a cleaning machine was calculated by the following following formula:
(trash in feeding material – trash in delivered material/trash in feeding material) * 100.
OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS: [(4.5 – 4.0)/4.5] * 100 = (0.5/4.5) * 100 = 11.11
PRECAUTIONS:
The sample should be weighted correctly.
The machine should be used carefully.
All trash should be collected in tray.
The value of T5 should be taken every time.
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Practical No: 7 Title: To calculate the different drafts and draft constant on 3 by 3 drafting system drawing frame machine (roller drafting). OBJECTIVES: 5. Doubling. 6. Increa Increase se the the unif uniform ormit ity y of sliver sliver.. 7. Mixing Mixing and blendi blending ng of fibers fibers.. 8. Drafting. 9. Stra Straig ight htin ing g of fibe fibers rs.. 10. Make the fibers fibers parallel parallel.. 11. Decrease Decrease the weight per yard yard of the material. material.
EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIAL: 3. Drawin Drawing g frame frame machi machine ne and and slive slivers. rs.
DRAFT: •
Increase in length per unit weight is called c alled draft. OR
•
Decrease in weight per unit length is called draft.
PROCEDURE:
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First of all, the given material was fed on drawing frame machine.
Then, the draft between assisting roller and back roller was calculated (tension draft).
For calculating the tension draft, the RPM of back draft roller and assisting roller and diameter of back drafting roller and assisting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
roller/surface speed of TENSION DRAFT = D1 = surface speed of back drafting roller/surface assisting roller. RPM of back draft roller * П * diameter of back draft roller D1 = RPM of assisting roller * П * diameter of assisting roller
Then, draft between back drafting roller and middle drafting roller was calculated (break draft).
For calculating calculating the break draft, RPM of middle middle drafting drafting roller and back drafting roller and diameter of middle and back drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
BREAK DRAFT = surface speed of middle drafting roller/surface speed of back drafting roller RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller D2 = RPM of back drafting roller roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller
Then, Then, the draft draft betwee between n middle middle draft drafting ing roller roller and front front drafti drafting ng roller roller was calculated (main draft).
For calculating the main draft, RPM of front and middle drafting roller and diameter of front and middle drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
MAIN DRAFT = surface speed of front drafting roller/surface speed of middle drafting roller RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front d rafting roller D3 = RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller
Then, the draft between front drafting roller and calender roller was calculated (front tension draft).
13
For calculating the front tension draft, RPM of calender and front drafting roller and diameter of calender and front drafting roller was calculated and put the values in the following formula.
FRONT TENSION DRAFT = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of front drafting roller. RPM of calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D4 = RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller
Then, total draft of drafting system machine was calculated.
Then, total draft of drawing frame was calculated.
Then, DCP was calculated.
Then, D.C was calculated by multiplying total draft with DCP.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: DRAFT BETWEEN ASSISTING ROLLER AND BACK DRAFFTING ROLLER: RPM of back draft roller * П * diameter of back draft roller D1 = RPM of assisting roller * П * diameter of assisting roller
D1 =
D1=
DRAFT BETWEEN BACK DRAFTING ROLLER AND MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER: RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller D2 = RPM of back drafting roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller
D2 =
14
D2 =
DRAFT BETWEEN MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER AND FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER: RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller D3 = RPM of middle drafting roller * П * diameter of middle drafting roller
D3 =
DRAFT BETWEEN FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER AND CALENDER ROLLER: RPM calender roller * П * diameter of calender roller D4 = RPM front drafting roller * П * diameter of front d rafting roller
D4 =
RPM of front drafting roller * П * diameter of front drafting roller
Total draft of drafting roller = RPM of back drafting roller * П * diameter of back drafting roller =
Total draft of drawing frame = surface speed of calender roller/surface speed of assisting roller = D1 * D2 * D3 * D4 =
Draft constant = total draft * DCP.
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Practical No: 8 Title: Inve Invest stig igat atio ion n of vari variou ous s twis twistt methods on ring spinning frame.
inse insert rtio ion n
OBJECTIVES: 1. To become familier with the principle p rinciple of twisting on ring spinning frame. 2. To calc calcul ulat atee the the TPI TPI and and TPM TPM on ring ring fram framee by dire direct ct meas measur urem emen entt usin using g tachometer. 3. To understa understand nd the the role role of TCP on ring ring spinning spinning frame. frame.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL: 1. RING SPINNING FRAMES: MR-3 ring frame. Howaring frame. RY-5 spinning frame.
Tachometer.
Calliper.
Measuring tape.
Sample of yarn.
16
PROCEDURE: FOR RING FRAME:
With the help of calliper and measuring tape, the diameter of front drafting roller of ring frame was calculated.
With the help of tachometer, the RPM of front drafting roller and spindle was observed.
Then, TPI on ring frame was calculated by the following formula: spindle RPM TPI on ring frame = front roller delivery inch/min.
OR spindle RPM TPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller.
FOR RING FRAME: Name of machine = NO. OF OBS.
SPINDLE RPM (FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER (INCH)
TPI
1 2 3 4 MEAN = Name of machine =
17
NO. OF OBS.
SPINDLE RPM (FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER (INCH)
TPI
1 2 3 4 MEAN =
Practical No: 9 Title: Inve Invest stig igat atio ion n of vari variou ous s methods on roving frame.
twis twistt
inse insert rtio ion n
OBJECTIVES: 1. To become familier with the principle p rinciple of twisting on roving frame. 4. To calcul calculat atee the the TPI TPI and and TPM TPM on roving roving frame frame by direct direct measur measurem ement ent using using tachometer. 5. To unders understan tand d the role role of of TCP on on roving roving fram frame. e.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL: 1. ROVING FRAME: MS-2-speed frame. FL-16 roving frame.
Tachometer.
Calliper.
Measuring tape.
Sample of yarn.
18
PROCEDURE: FOR ROVING FRAME:
With the help of calliper and measuring tape the diameter of front drafting roller was calculated.
With the help of tachometer the RPM of front drafting roller and spindle or flyer was observed.
Then, TPI was calculated by the following formula: flyer RPM TPI on roving frame = front roller delivery inch/min.
OR flyer RPM TPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: FOR ROVING FRAME : Name of machine = NO. OF OBS.
SPINDLE RPM(FLYER RPM)
FRONT ROLLER RPM
FRONT ROLLER DIAMETER(INCH)
TPI
1 2 3
19
4 MEAN =
Practical No: 10 Title: Calculation of twist on ring spinning frame by drawing twist gearing sketche ches of the machines.
OBJECTIVES: •
To understand the method to draw the twist gearing sketch of the ring spinning frame.
•
To understand the identification of TCP on ring frame.
•
To understand the calculations of TPI by gearing ge aring sketch of the machines.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL: •
Ring spinning frame.
•
White chalk.
•
Measure tape.
PROCEDURE: FOR RING FRAME:
Draw the twist gearing sketch of ring spinning frame by showing the drive from front drafting roller to spindle.
20
Measured the diameter of front drafting roller.
Counted the no. of teeth of gears present in the twist gearing sketch of ring spinning frame.
Calculated the TPI by the formula: spindle RPM
TPI on ring frame = front roller RPM * П * diameter of front roller supposed the front roller RPM was one and calculated the rpm of spindle through twist gearing sketch of ring frame and calculated the TPI and twist constant of ring frame.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: TWIST GEARING SKETCH OF MR-3 RING FRAME:
BACK DRAFTING ROLLER MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
A
F E
B
D
C
SPINDLE TAPE
G
SPINDLE WHARVE
diameter of tin roller TPI = 1 * A/C * D/E * F/G * diameter of spindle wharves
1 * П * diameter of front roller
21
= = =
Practical No: 11 Title: Calc Calcul ulat atio ion n of twis twistt on rovi roving ng fram frame e by drawing twist gearing sketches of the machines.
OBJECTIVES: •
To understand the method to draw the twist gearing sketch of the roving frame.
•
To understand the identification of TCP on roving.
•
To understand the calculations of TPI by gearing ge aring sketch of the machines.
EQUIPMENTS, TOOLS AND MATERIAL: •
Roving frame.
•
White chalk.
•
Measure tape.
PROCEDURE: FOR ROVING FRAME: •
Draw the twist gearing sketch of roving frame, showing the drive from front
22
drafting roller to flyer. •
The diameter of front drafting roller was measured.
•
The no. of teeth of different gears present in twist gearing sketch was counted.
•
Then, TPI was calculated by the following formula: flyer RPM o
TPI = front roller RPM * П * diameter of front roller
ratio of rotary speed (flyer and front roller) = П * diameter of front roller Supposed the front roller rpm as one and calculated the rpm of flyer through twist gearing sketch of roving frame and calculated the TPI at roving frame and calculated the twist constant by multiplying the no. of teeth of o f TCP with TPI.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: TWIST GEARING SKETCH OF M.S-2 SPEED FRAME (ROVING FRAME): BACK DRAFTING ROLLER MIDDLE DRAFTING ROLLER FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
A FLYER
B SPINDLE
C
K D J
I E
F
23
H G
RPM of flyer TPI = RPM of front roller * П * diameter of front roller Suppose when front roller rotates one revolution through gearing sketch we can calculate the rotation of flyer as: = 1 * A/B * B/C * C/D C/D * E/F * F/G F/G * H/I * J/K. = 1 * A/D * E/G * H/I * J/K. 1 * A/D * E/G * H/I * J/K TPI = 1 * П * diameter of front roller BACK DRAFTING ROLLER 3rd DRAFTING ROLLER 2nd DRAFTING ROLLER FRONT DRAFTING ROLLER
A
B
C K J L
D TCP E
F FLYER
G
I
H
24
Suppose front roller RPM = 1 then flyer rpm through gearing sketch : = 1 *A/D * E/F * G/H * I/J * K/L 1 *A/D * E/F * G/H * I/J * K/L TPI = 1 * П * DIAMETER OF FRONT ROLLER
Practical No: 12 Title: Determination of inputs and outputs of spinning machines. BLOW ROOM Input
GINNED COTTON
output
PROCES S
LAP SHEET
CARDING MACHINE
Input
output
PROCES S
LAP SHEET
CARDED SLIVER CANS
DRAWING MACHINE
Input
CARDED SLIVERS
output
PROCES S
DRAWN SLIVER 25
SLIVER LAP MACHINE Input
DRAWN SLIVERS
output
PROCES S
NARRROW LAP SHEET
COMBING MACHINE
Input
NARROW LAP SHEET
output
PROCES S
COMBED SLIVER CANS
DRAWING MACHINE 2
Input
COMBED SLIVER CANS
output
PROCES S
DRAWN SLIVER CANS
ROVING MACHINE
Input
output
DRAWN SLIVER CANS
PROCES S
ROVING PACKAGES
RING SPINNING MACHINE
output
Input
ROVING PACKAGES
PROCES S
DESIRED YARN BOBINS 26
WINDING MACHINE
Input
YARN BOBINS
output
PROCES S
WINDING PACKAGES
27