Képleírás jegyzet
HOW TO TALK ABOUT PICTURES – HOGYAN BESZÉLJÜNK KÉPEKRŐL BASIC RULES – ALAPSZABÁLYOK Alapfokon leginkább azt várják el, hogy azt mondjuk el, hogy mit látunk a képen konkrétan, tehát ki mit csinál, hol készült a kép, kin milyen ruha van, és hogyan néz ki. Kzépfokon emellett elvárják, hogy egy kicsit el is tudjon vonatkoztatni a képt!l a vizsgáz", és fejtse ki véleményén a látottakkal kapcsolatban, vagy meséljen el valami személyes élményt, ami a képr!l eszébe jut.
Fontos s!"#$%o& &'($)*+#ss!$ &!(,so$!t"!n#$
el!szr célszer% behatárolni, hogy milyen képr!l van sz"&
T./s /s s ,o$o0+1"$!,&2!n324./t) (.oto o5 62 ez egy sz'nes(fekete)fehér képe *)r"l() r!l T./s /s ! (!(!+!/ s.ot o5 6 ) ez egy lesifot" *)r"l(r!l T./s /s ! $!n3s,!() o5 6 ) +z egy tájkép *)r"l()r!l T./s /s ! (!/nt/n7 o5 6 ) +z egy festmény *)r"l()r!l T./s /s ! (/,t0+) o5 6 ) +z egy kép * )r"l()r!l T./s /s ! (o+t+!/t o5 6 ) +z egy portré *)r"l()r!l $ Aztán elmondhatjuk azt is, hogy szerintük hol, és mikor készült a kép -kzépfokt"l még azt is hozzá tehetjük, hogy miért gondoljuk mindezt$&
It1T.) (/,t0+)1T.) (.oto 80st .!9) "))n t!&)n /n s088)+ "),!0s) 6 ) A kép minden bizonnyal nyáron készült, mert * /al"sz'n%leg egy étteremben készült It 80st .!9) "))n t!&)n /n ! +)st!0+!nt /al"sz'n%leg It 4!s t!&)n $!st %)!+ 0avaly készült It 4!s t!&)n t./s 4/nt)+ 4.)n 6 +zen a télen készült, amikor * 1$ +zt kvet!en rátérhetünk a konkrét képle'rásra azzal, hogy elmondjuk, mi van a képen. +hhez használjuk a kvetkez! kifejezéseket&
/n t.) "!,&7+o0n3 a héttérben /n t.) "otto8 $)5t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ a bal als" sarokban /n t.) "otto8 +/7.t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ a jobb als" sarokban /n t.) 5o+)7)+o0n3 az el!térben /n t.) 8/33$) o5 t.) (/,t0+) a kép kzepén /n t.) to( $)5t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ a bal fels! sarokban /n t.) to( +/7.t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ a jobb fels! sarokban on t.) $)5t2.!n3 s/3) a bal oldalon on t.) +/7.t2.!n3 s/3) a jobb oldalon !"o9) fent, felül, felett n):t to 6 ) * mellett
n)!+ 6 ) * kzelében ,$os) to 6) *)hoz()hez()hz kzel ")./n3 6 ) * mgtt 2tt jegyzem meg, hogy ennél a résznél nagyon fontos a THERE IS1THERE ARE nyelvtani szerkezet, és a prepoz'ci"k helyes ismerete, ezeknek is nézz utána3 4$ A képen foly" cselekvéseket és események le'rásához mindig PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE)t -folyamatban lév! jelen id!$ használunk. 5$ 6agyon fontos, hogy pontosan le tudjuk 'rni, hogy ki milyen, és hogyan néz ki. +hhez néhány hasznos kifejezést tanuljunk meg most&
H);s /n ./s <=s. A negyvenes éveiben jár. 7arna hullámos haja van. H);s 7ot "+o4n 4!9% .!/+> S.);s 7ot "$0) )%)s> Kék szeme van. H);s 7ot ! s,!+ on ./s 5!,)> /an egy sebhely az arcán. t8ls8 lyos. T.) 4o8!n /n t.) (/,t0+) /s ! "/t o9)+4)/7.t> A n! a képen egy kicsit t8ls8lyos. 9" kindiban van a korához képest. H);s 5/t 5o+ ./s !7)> S.);s t!nn)3> :e van barnulva. H);s "!$3/n7> Kopaszodik.
H!snos s!9!& &'($)*+#s.o 9/)4)+ (!/nt/n7 (.oto7+!(. 1 (.oto (o+t+!/t $!n3s,!() "/+3?s )%) 9/)4
néz! festmény fénykép portré tájkép madártávlat
5o+)7+o0n3 "!,&7+o0n3 /n t.) 0(()+ (!+t /n t.) $o4)+ (!+t /n t.) $)5t 1 +/7.t (!+t on t.) $)5t 1 +/7.t /n t.) ,)nt+!$ (!+t !t t.) ,)nt+) /n t.) 8/33$) /n 5+ont o5> ")./n3 n):t to> t.) s),on3 5+o8 $)5t
el!tér háttér felül alul bal ( jobb oldalon bal ( jobb oldalon kzépen kzépen kzépen el!tt mgtt mellett balr"l a második
0he photo 4!s t!&)n at a party. ) A fénykép egy bulin bu lin &'s@$t. 0he picture s.o4s a scene from a movie. ) A kép egy filmjelenetet #"+#o$. 0he picture 3)s,+/")s a landscape. ) A kép egy tájat 80t!t "). 0he picture s.o4s a house from a distance distance. ) A kép egy házat #"+#o$ távolról . 0he house /s s.o4n from a bird's bird's eye view. ) A ház madártávlatból $#ts/& . In t.) (/,t0+) you can see a family. ) A &'()n egy család látható. 2t 7/9)s t.) /8(+)ss/on o5 an an old photo. ) +gy régi kép ")n%o8#s#t &)$t/> 0he house s))8s to ") old. ) A ház regnek tn/& . 0he kids $oo& !s /5 they they are sad. ) A gyerekek szomor8nak tnn)& . 0he vie;er .!s t.) /8(+)ss/on t.!t the people in the picture make a family. ) A néz!nek ! ! ")n%o8#s! t#8!3, hogy az emberek a képen egy családot alkotnak. 0he 9/)4)+?s !tt)nt/on /s 5o,0s)3 on the tall building. ) A n' 5/7%)$8) a magas épületre t)+)$3/& . To t.) !$)+t )%) it ;ill become apparent. ) A 5/7%)$8)s s)8$'$ s#8#+! láthat". 2t isn
2t s))8s 1 !(()!+s to me that. ) =zámomra 7% tn/& , hogy. 0he photographer 4!nts to (o/nt o0t that. ) A fényképész !++! !&!+D! 5)$.*9n/ ! 5/7%)$8@n&)t, hogy 0his photo /s t%(/,!$ o5 fashion magazines. ) +z a kép D)$$)8 a divatlapokra. 0his photo s%8"o$/s)s consumer society. ) +z a kép a fogyaszt"i társadalmat s/8"o$/#$D!.
KÉPFELADATOK ÁLTALÁNOS MEGOLDÁSI MENETE
> OLGOK ÉS SZEÉLYEK A KÉPENW.!t ,!n %o0 s)) /n t.) (/,t0+) > Mit látsz a képen? W.!t !+) t.)+) /n t.) (/,t0+) > Mi van a képen? W.!t ,!n ") s))n /n t.) (/,t0+) > Mi látható a képen? W.!t !+) t.)% $/&) > Milyenek? > In t.) (/,t0+) I ,!n s)) 6 > A &'()n $#to& 6 I ,!n s)) 6 /n t.) (/,t0+)> > … -t látok a képen. In t.) (/,t0+) 6 ,!n ") s))n> > A képen… látható. In t.) (/,t0+) t.)+) /s1!+) 6 . > A képen van(nak) … .
> HELYSZNEK A KÉPENW.)+) !+) t.) t./n7s /n t.) (/,t0+) > Hol vannak a dolgok a képen? W./,. (!+t o5 t.) (/,t0+) !+) t.)% /n > A kép melyik részén vannak? > T.) 6 /s 6 )$M$D#+s s)+&))t)&> A 6 9.o$ 9!n> /n t.) 8/33$) o5 t.) (/,t0+) > kzépen! a kép kzepén /n t.) ,)nt+) o5 t.) (/,t0+) > kzépen! a kép kzepén !t t.) to( o5 t.) (/,t0+) > "el#l! a kép "els$ részén !t t.) "otto8 o5 t.) (/,t0+) > al%l! a kép alsó részé&en' a kép alán on t.) $)5t2.!n3 s/3) o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a &aloldalon! a kép &al oldalán on t.) +/7.t2.!n3 s/3) o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a o&&oldalon! a kép o&& oldalán /n t.) to( +/7.t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a o&& "els$ sarok&an! a kép o&& "els$ sarká&an /n t.) to( $)5t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a &al "els$ sarok&an! a kép &al "els$ sarká&an /n t.) "otto8 +/7.t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a o&& alsó sarok&an! a kép o&& alsó sarká&an /n t.) "otto8 $)5t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a &al alsó sarok&an! a kép &al alsó sarká&an /n t.) 5o+)7+o0n7 o5 t.) (/,t0+) > az el$tér&en! a kép el$teré&en /n t.) "!,&7+o0n3 o5 t.) (/,t0+) > a háttér&en! a kép hátteré&en on t.) .o+/on > a horizonton /n t.) 3/st!n,) > a távol&an /n s/7.t > látható o0t o5 s/7.t > nem látható
> ELHELYEZKEÉS A KÉPENW.)+) !+) t.) t./n7s /n +)!t/ons./( to )!,. ot.)+ > Hol vannak ezek a dolgok egymáshoz képest? > A &'()n $#t.!t 3o$7o&Q s)8'$%)&Q '(@$)t)&Q st" )7%8#s.o &'()st/ )$.)$%)&)3's'+$ ,s!& ! .)$%+) 9on!t&o )$M$D#+& "/tos /s8)+)t'")n $).)t ")s'$n/> Amennyiben a vizsgáz" ezek jelentésével tisztában van, még egy egyszer%bb képr!l is sok mindent el tud mondani. Az elljár"k alapjelentésér!l itt olvashatunk egy tmr sszefoglalást. <> A KÉPEN LÁTHAT FOLYAATOKW.!t /s .!(()n/n7 to t.)8 > Mi trténik vel#k? W.!t !+) t.)% 3o/n7 !t t.) 8o8)nt > Mit sinálnak e&&en a pillanat&an? <> A &'()n '(()n 5o$%!8!t"!n $'9 ,s)$)&9's)& 's )s)8'n%)& $)*+#s#+! !$!(9)t)n ! 5o$%!8!tos D)$)n .!sn#$.!t> no4 > most !t t.) 8o8)nt > e&&en a pillanat&an > A KÉPEN LÁTHAT FOLYAATOK TRTÉNETBE HELYEZÉSE – ELŐZÉNYEK ÉS KETKEZÉNYEKW.!t .!9) t.)% 3on) > Mit sináltak ezel$tt? Mi trtént vel#k ezel$tt? (* Minek a kvetkezménye' ami a képen látható?) W.!t !+) t.)% 7o/n7 to 3o > Mit "ognak sinálni? Mi "og trténni vel#k? (* Mi kvetkezik a&&ól' ami a képen látható?) > A !3ott &'()t /tt )7% 5/$8 )7% &'(&o,&#D#n!& t)&/ntD@&Q !8/n)& t)+8's)t)s)n 9!n )$8'n%) 's 9!n &M9)t&)8'n%)Q 5o$%o8#n%!> Az el!zményeket a befejezett jelennel vagy folyamatosan befejezett jelennel? m'g a kép alapján kikvetkeztethet! kvetkezményeket akár folyamatos jelennel vagy a -be$ going to szerkezettel fejezhetjük ki. V> SZEÉLYES REFLEIK A KÉPREW.!t 3o %o0 t./n& o5 t.) t./n7Q )9)ntQ )t,> %o0 ,!n s)) /n t.) (/,t0+) > Mit gondolsz arról a dologról' eseményr$l' st&.-r$l' amit a képen látsz? o %o0 .!9) !n% ):()+/)n,) t.!t ,!n ") ,onn),t)3 to t.) (/,t0+) > +an &ármilyen tapasztalatod,élményed' ami sszekapsolható a képpel? V> I t./n& zerintem , gy gondolom 6Q In 8% o(/n/on 6Q +éleményem szerint …, stb. 9'$)8'n% &/5)D) s)+&))t)&X trténetek, személyes élmények elmesélése.
K'($)*+#s !n7o$0$ K'($)*+#s ! n%)$99/s7#n A képle'rásnak a nyelvvizsgán az egyik fontos része, hogy el tudd mondani, hogy 8/ 9!n ! &'()n. =ajnos ez az esetek tbbségében nem elég. A vizsgáztat"k ennél a feladatt'pusnál n)8 ,s!& arra k'váncsiak, .o7% .#n% 5! 9!n ! &'()n , .!n)8 általában azt is tudni szeretnék, hogy t) 8/t 7on3o$s ! &'(+$ 9!7% )s)t$)7 8/$%)n '+'s)&)tQ )8$'&)&)t st"> 9#$t &/ ")$$)3 ! &'(> +zt fontos észben tartani, mert ha csak a nyilvánval"t fogod elmondani a képr!l, az lehet, hogy nem lesz elég. @ogyan kezdjek neki a képle'rásnak Az alábbiakban felsorolok néhány általános megkzel'tési m"dot& •
6e ijedj meg, ha els!re nem érted, hogy mir!l sz"l a kép. Br"bálj meg a nyilvánval" dolgokra koncentrálni. Cik azok a dolgok amiket látsz a képen
•
@a tudod, hogy mi trténik a képen, használd a Dolyamatos jelen id!t pl& A young couple is getting married. Egyelj rá, hogy ne az +gyszer% jelent használd3
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:e'rhatod az emberek megjelenését a képen. @ogy néznek ki, milyen ruhát viselnek stb.
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7ármilyen irányba elviheted a képle'rást, am'g az valamennyire kapcsol"dik a képhez. @a a képen pl. egy 8sz"medence láthat" akkor mondhatod, hogy mennyire szeretsz 8szni, de te jobban kedveled a tengert. /agy mondhatod, hogy ez emlékeztet téged amikor gyerekként 8sz" edzésre jártál.
@asználd a megfelel! kifejezéseket a térbeli le'rásokhoz. +zek például& •
In t.) to( $)5t ,o+n)+ -a bal fels! sarokban$
•
In t.) to( +/7.t ,o+n)+ -a jobb fels! sarokban$
•
At t.) to( -felül$
•
In t.) "!,&7+o0n3 -a háttérben$
•
In t.) 5o+)7+o0n3 -el!l$
•
On t.) $)5t -balra$
•
On t.) +/7.t -jobbra$
•
In t.) "otto8 $)5t ,o+n)+ -a bal als" sarokban$
•
In t.) "otto8 +/7.t ,o+n)+ -a jobb als" sarokban$
P'$3! 8on3!to&•
2n the background there is a man reading a ne;spaper.
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Fn the left there is another man sleeping.
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2n the top right corner, you can see a car.
@a nem t8l egyértelm%, hogy mi trténik a képen akkor használj olyan kifejezéseket, amelyek azt sugallják, hogy csak tippelgetsz. 2lyenek lehetnek például& •
2 think(guess(suppose(assume it is *.
•
2Gm not sure, but it could be *.
•
2tGs not very clear, but probably *.
•
Caybe(Berhaps it is *
•
2t can(could(might be a *..
•
2t looks like *.
•
2t seems to be *.
Ci van, ha nem ismerem a sz"t +l!fordulhat, hogy nem ismered a jelentését bizonyos dolgoknak a képen. 2lyenkor meg kell pr"bálni krül 'rni azt. Hme néhány m"dszer erre& •
2t is used to open *.
•
Iou can use it to open *
•
2tGs used for opening *
•
2 forgot ho; you call it, but *
•
2 donGt remember the ;ord for it, but *.
•
2tGs like a *
•
2tGs a kind of *.
=aját vélemény kifejezése3 6agyon fontos, hogy ne csak arr"l beszélj, hogy mit látsz a képen, hanem a véleményedet is el tudd mondani r"la. +hhez 'me néhány hasznos kifejezés& •
2n my opinion
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0he ;ay 2 see it *
•
As far as 2Gm concerned *
•
2 ;ould say that *
•
2 believe(think
•
Bersonally 2 think *
Jsszefoglalás3 viden sszefoglalva a kvetkez!k szerepeljenek a feleletedben& •
Hrd le, hogy milyen dolgokat látsz a képen
•
+jts néhány sz"t a helyr!l
•
+ml'tsd meg mi trténik a képen
•
7eszélj a képen láthat"személyekr!l -megjelenésük, milyen kapcsolatuk lehet egymással stb.$
•
S!D#t Mt$)t)&Q 's+)9't)$)&
•
/$%)n '+'s)&)t 9#$t &/ ! &'( /+) !sso,/#$sQ .! +#n')$ ! &'(+)
FELADAT:
A fentiek figyelembevételével pr"báld meg sszegy%jteni a gondolataidat az alábbi képr!l.
K'+3's)&-
Lhat can you see in the photo @o; are these people related Lhere are they and ;hat are they doing Lhat else can you see
@o; many people are there in your family Mo you have any brothers or sisters Mid you ;alk in the ;oods ;ith your family ;hen you ;ere a kid Mo you like this photo Lhy Lhy not Mo you often go out in the nature
)s,+/"/n7 ! (/,t0+)
K'($)*+#s
In t.) (/,t0+) I ,!n s)) -a nice beach.$
A képen látok egy szép strandot.
T.) (/,t0+) s.o4s -a beautiful beach.$
A képen egy gynyr% tengerpart láthat".
It $oo&s -fantastic.$
Dantasztikusan néz ki.
It s))8s 1 !(()!+s to ") -peaceful.$
7ékésnek t%nik.
On t.) +/7.t 1 $)5t t.)+) /s !*
A jobb ( bal oldalon van egy...
At t.) to( 1 "otto8 t.)+) !+) so8) *
Dent ( lent van néhány...
In t.) to( +/7.t2.!n3 ,o+n)+ t.)+) s))8s to
Ngy t%nik a jobb fels! sarokban van egy...
")* In t.) 5o+)7+o0n3 1 "!,&7+o0n3 t.)+) /s *
+l!l ( hátul van egy...
I t./n& t.)% +)(+)s)nt *
=zerintem, a képen egy ... van.
T.) /8!7) +)8/n3s 8) o5 1 8!&)s 8) t./n&
A kép emlékeztet a...
o5 * T.) s)tt/n7 /s*
A helysz'n...
A$!(5o&
0his is a picture of a three people, a man, a ;oman and a young girl. 0he man is a doctor, because he is ;earing a ;hite coat and has a stethoscope around his neck. 0he man has grey hair and a grey beard. @e is ;earing glasses. @e is ;earing a light blue shirt ;ith a dark tie. @e is holding a clipboard in his hands. 0he little girl has light bro;n hair and is ;earing a yello; top. 0he ;oman is probably her mother. =he has long straight dark hair and is ;earing a purple blouse ;ith little black dots. @er hand is on the little girlGs shoulder. 0he doctor is smiling at the little girl. 2 think they are at the hospital for a checkup.
0his is a colour photo of a mother and her baby. 2 think it ;as taken in a supermarket, because the baby is sitting in a trolley. 0hey are at the fruits and vegetables department of the supermarket. 0he baby is ;earing a blue 0)shirt, so 2 guess he is a boy. 0he mother ) ;ho is ;earing a black top ) is picking up some vegetables for dinner. =he is giving a tomato to the baby at the moment. 7oth of them are smiling. 2 think the baby is around O months old, so he is old enough to eat vegetables and fruits. Caybe he likes tomatoes, thatGs ;hy heGs so happy. 7esides the tomatoes 2 can see a lot of different vegetables. Drom left to right there are green peppers, broccoli, cucumbers, cabbages and eggplants. 2n front of the mother 2 can see lemons, limes, spinach and avocados.
! ,o$o0+ (.oto OF 6 ) egy sz'nes fénykép *)r"l()r!l ! (.oto 4!s t!&)n so8)4.)+)1so8)t/8) egy kép készült valahol(valamikor t+o$$)% bevásárl"kocsi
3)(!+t8)nt osztály(részleg to (/,& 0( felszed, felvesz valamit )77($!nt padlizsán
KZÉPFOK
0his is a picture of a pretty girl ;ith long black hair in a nice peach)colored dress. =he is holding a couple of colorful giftbags. =he must be at a shopping mall because she is standing in a big modern place and in the backbround 2 can see stands filled ;ith all kinds of things. =he has probably bought some presents for her friends or family, because 2 think she ;ould have simple bags if she had shopped only for herself. 6o;adays it is more and more popular to do all of your shopping at huge shopping centers. Iou can buy your groceries, your clothes, anything for the household and all kinds of things at these places. @ere you can also find post offices, cleaner
– élelmiszer
cash
– készpénz
ATM
– pénzautomata
to withdraw money
– pénzt felvenni
retailer
– kiskereskedő
2n this picture 2 see a young couple. 0hey are comfortably sitting on a sofa in the livingroom. 0hey are looking at a thick magazine or some kind of album ;ith pictures. 0hey probably have shared interests and they are spending their free time together. eading together can be a very good ;ay to relaP after ;ork or in your free time. 7ut lots of people prefer to ;atch 0/ or movies at home or at the cinema. 0here is an open laptop on their coffee table bet;een t;o red mugs. Caybe later they ;ill ;atch a movie on it. 0hey might also look for some programs in the city, like concerts or theatre performances. @o;ever, not many young people go to the theatre no;adays and they almost never go to the opera or to see a ballet performance, for ePample. 2nstead it is more popular to spend hours in front of the 2nternet. Le seem to forget that ;e could choose from a variety of hobbies. :istening to music, playing some instrument, painting, going to the library to borro; books, horse)riding, taking dancing lessons and so many more.
,o85o+t!"$% kényelmesen t./,& vastag, vaskos to s.!+) /nt)+)sts kzs érdekl!dési krük van ()+5o+8!n,) el!ad%s /nst)!3 ehelyett 9!+/)t% változatosság, sokaság to ($!% !n /nst+08)nt egy hangszeren játszani
FELSŐFOK
0his is a picture of a ;ide road ;ith cars, a bus, motorcyclists and traffic lights. 2t doesn
parkol"!r be(kititani folyamtban lev! kzelg!
(ot.o$) ,o880t)+ "/,%,$) $!n) n0/s!n,)
káty8 ingáz" bicikli8t kellemetlenség
2n this picture 2 can see a fighting couple and bet;een them is their son covering his ears ;ith his hands. @e probably doesn
s0+(+/s/n7 s/t0!t/on meglep! helyzet to +)8/n3 so8)"o3% o5 so8)t./n7 emlékeztet valakit valamire to /n,+)!s) nvekszik, nvekedik, novel
/n !33/t/on ráadásul to .)!3 to4!+3s so8)t./n7 valami felé haladni ,!n !55o+3 to 3o so8)t./n7 megengedheti magának, hogy csináljon valamit ,o88on($!,) elcsépelt, kzhely n0+s/n7 .o8) regek otthona to st+)n7t.)n meger!s't 4/s3o8 blcsesség
Te!l"#g
%$&' (LOSE) FAMIL*
+'S,%ll -%,"ly .s' L%rge -%,"ly #. :ook at the t;o photos of families. Tompare and contrast them. Lhat are advantages and disadvantages of having a big family
2n one of the pictures 2 can see a family of three. 0he other picture sho;s a family of seven. 0here are many advantages and disadvantages of having a big family. 2n the past families ;ere much bigger than no;. 0oday many couples donGt get married at all or they get married much later, ;hen both partners have started their career. 0he numbers of divorces has increased a lot. 2n the past people ;anted to have many kids, but no;
is popular a type of family ;here are parents and one or t;o children. 0he first advantage of having a lot of brothers or sisters is joyful and happy life. 2n big families al;ays someone tells you something nice or does some surprises. Iou never feel solitary in so large group because they al;ays make you smile. 0he nePt good thing about having many brothers or sisters is helping each other ;ith every ;ork. Dor ePample elder from the sibling, helps ;ith home;ork the younger one. Berson ;ho lives in a large family is more responsible, patient, tolerant, flePible and sociable than somebody ;ho ;as al;ays an only child. 2 think children ;ho donGt have any brothers or sisters become more decisive, stubborn and spoilt. 0hey donGt have siblings to care or pay attention to. 0hey donGt have to share their belongings ;ith anybody, so they are a bit selfish. 0hey get everything, even their parentsG full care and attention and it spoils the child. 7ut on the other hand if you have only one brother or sister, or even none youGre supposed to argue less, because you havenGt a person ;ho you ;ill argue ;ith. Also in big families children become very competitive and everybody ;ants to be the best. 2n my opinion families should be numerous. 2Gve got a younger brother and ;e really get on very ;ell. 2Gm happy that 2 have him3 2 still donGt kno; ;hat 2 ;ant to do in the future, 2 donGt kno; ;hich job 2 ;ant to have, 2 donGt kno; if 2 get married, but if 2 do ) 2 kno; that 2Gd like to have a big family and a lot of children.
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/.0 1atholi 2edding-3edding in a registry o""ie 2n one of the pictures 2 can see a couple in the church ;ith a priest. 0he other picture sho;s another couple and a registrar in the registry office. 2n @ungary most people get married on a =aturday afternoon. All couples have to get married in a registry office, and those ;ho are religious have a church ;edding, too. 2n the registry office, the ceremony is led by a registrar, and the couple and their t;o ;itnesses sign the register. 0he t;o ceremonies might be on different days, and in this case the couple dress up differently for the t;o occasions. 2n the church, the bride ;ears a long ;hite ;edding dress ;ith a veil and a train, and the bridegroom an elegant dark suit ;ith a ;hite shirt and d a tie. 0he bride holds a bouRuet, and the bridegroom has a boutonniere. After the ceremony there is a reception, ;hich in villages is often held in a big tent. At the reception several kind of dishes are served and the ne; couple cut the ;edding cake. At midnight the couple change their clothes ant the so)called brideGs dance starts. All the guests dance ;ith the bride and give some money to the couple to contribute to their ne; life together.
/' F%,"ly %#0 rel%t".es
1' 2OME AND T2E (23)(2
0hese are the to;ers of a gothic church or cathedral, probably from +ngland. Uothic architecture is a style of architecture, ;hich flourished during the high and late medieval period. 2t evolved from omanesRue architecture and ;as succeeded by enaissance architecture. Uothic architecture is most familiar as the architecture of many of the great cathedrals, abbeys and churches of +urope. 2t is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, to;n halls and universities. Uothic architecture has t;o distinct characteristics& pointed arches and ribbed vaults, ;hich ;e can see in the picture. 0hese and the huge stained glass ;indo;s make the church much larger and brighter. Damous churches built in Uothic style are for ePample the =alisbury Tathedral and the Lestminster Abbey in +ngland.
4' (ONG)EGATION AND 23MAN )ELATIONS
0his picture ;as taken in a church and 2 can see the members of a choir ;ho are ;earing the same type of clothes. 0he choir is standing in front of the icons so 2 think they present some religious songs to their audience sitting in the benches. =ometimes the choir sing during the services. Thurch choirs are often organised in parishes and meet regularly in the assembly room or in the church. 0hey learn and sing religious songs and songs of the services but also pray, travel or do other activities together.
5' St$0"es %#0 -%t"
0his picture must have been taken in a religious education class. 0he priest, ;ho is the teacher of religious education in this case, is sho;ing the students something on a map. Berhaps they are learning about church history. 2tGs important for the + teacher to be ;ell)prepared but he must also remember that his job is much more than presenting the material that should be learnt. @is behaviour and his relationship ;ith his students help to form the studentsG faith and their christian identity.
66' P)OFESSION AND 7O8
2 can see 9ohn Baul 22 in this picture. @e ;as the pope of the catholic church until his death in VV5. 2 think he ;as one of the most influential leaders of the Vth century, he ;as ;ell)kno;n, respected and loved by millions of people. @e travelled a lot, he visited more than one hundred countries. @e ;as the first Bolish pope. 0he pope in general is the head of the catholic church, ;ho resides in /atican city. 0he pope is the successor of =aint Beter, and is often called the /icar of Thrist or simply @oly Dather. Cillions of catholic people, and also others, are eager to listen to ;hat he has to say to them, and follo; his ;ords in their everyday life.
6+' )ELIGIO3S S2OPPING9 STO)ES
0his is a personal religious gift. 2t can be given to a child after baptism, as a reminder of baptism day. 0he dra;ing features a cuddly bear and nePt to it the ;ords of a bedtime prayer, ;hich reads W6o; 2 lay me do;n to sleep, 2 pray the :ord my soul to keep. =ee me safely through the night, and ;ake me ;ith the morning light. Amen.X 0his is a very nice classic prayer for children, itGs easy to learn and if the picture is
above the childGs bed, he or she sees it every night before going to bed. 2t is personalized ;ith the childGs name. 2f children start to learn prayers at an early age, it ;ill become a part of their lives, just as natural as eating or sleeping and it ;ill guide them through their lives.
6' )ELIGIO3S 2OLIDA*S
0his is a picture of a 9e;ish boy at @anukkah, the 9e;ish festival that takes place on the 5th day of the @ebre; month Kislev. 2t marks the recapture of the 0emple of 9erusalem from the =yrian Ureeks at the time of the Caccabean evolt in the second century 7T. 2t is also kno;n as the Destival of :ights, ;hich is observed for eight days by the kindling of the lights of a special candelabrum, the menorah. 0his is ;hat ;e can see in the picture. 9e;ish people light one candle on each night of the holiday, progressing to eight on the final night. An ePtra candle called a shamash, ;hich is the @ebre; ;ord for WguardX or WservantX, is also lit each night and is given a distinct location, usually higher or lo;er that the others. 0he number eight is significant here because according to the tradition, an eight)day celebration of songs and sacrifices ;as proclaimed upon recovering the 0emple of 9erusalem. Also, the number eight has special significance in 9e;ish theology& seven is the number of days of creation, that is, of the completion of the material cosmos, ;hereas eight, being one step beyond seven, represents the infinite.
6&' FOOD AND )ELIGION
0his is a picture of an Arab family eating a traditional meal. Arabs in general like to eat in a group, so all members of the family usually eat together. 0his is a nice time for the family to come together. As ;e can see in the picture, they sit on the floor in a circle around the dishes full of food. Although in this picture everybody has his or her o;n plate and silver;are, many times they eat from the same dish. 2slam asks Cuslims to ;ash their hands before eating. =aying &ismillah -Win the name of AllahX$ is also obligatory. 0his means that Cuslims must al;ays ask for Allah for his permission because food is regarded as a blessing by Allah.
6;' 2EALT2 AND ILLNESSES
Mepression is a common illness of our time. 2t is very much present in all societies, especially in the more developed parts of the ;orld. 0he ;ord depression causes much confusion. 2t is often used to describe ;hen someone is feeling blue, someone is in a bad mood or someone got out of the bed on the ;rong side. @o;ever, doctors use the ;ord in another ;ay. 0hey use it to refer to a specific illness. 2t is often very difficult to tell the difference bet;een feeling lo; and having a depressive illness and this is ;hy many people use the term incorrectly. Mepression is very common, almost anyone can develop the illness. Mepression is also treatable. Iou might need to see a doctor, but there are many things you can do yourself or things you can do to help somebody suffering from depression. Lhat you cannot do is let yourself go, like the man in the picture. 2t is often impossible to identify ;hy someone gets depression. 0here are no particular personality types that are more at risk than others, ho;ever, some genetic factors have been identified, such as having parents or grandparents ;ho have suffered from depression.
61' T2E IMPO)TAN(E OF (2)ISTIAN A)TS
0his is a picture of the 4ast %pper , also called the 4ord5s %pper , ;hich, according to the Thristian gospels, ;as the last meal that 9esus shared ;ith his t;elve apostles and disciples before his death. 0he last supper has been the subject of many paintings, perhaps the most famous by :eonardo da /inci. Muring the last supper, and ;ith specific reference to taking bread and ;ine, 9esus told his disciples, WMo this in remembrance of meX. According to the tradition, the last supper took place on Count Yion, just outside the ;alls of the Fld Tity of 9erusalem. 2n the course of the last supper, 9esus divided up some bread, offered a prayer and handed the pieces to his disciples, saying, Wthis is my bodyX. @e then took a cup of ;ine, said another prayer and handed it around, saying, Wthis is my bloodX. 0hese ;ords signify the point of the final meal& 9esus ;anted the disciples to remember him because he kne; that they ;ould be reunited in the Kingdom of Uod. According to the gospels, during the last supper, 9esus revealed that one of his apostles, 9udas, ;ould betray him.
64' T2E 8I8LE
0his picture portrays 6he ermon on the Mo%nt from the Uospel of Catthe;. 9esus gave this sermon on a mountainside to his disciples and a large cro;d estimated around 1V AM. 0he best)kno;n part of the sermon is the 7eatit%des, ;hich contains the foundation of the attitude of Thristian life. 2t tells us ho; ;e should behave and live by mentioning eight groups of people and ePplaining in ;hat ;ay they are blessed. @e says, for ePample, that Wblessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heavenX, Wblessed are those ;ho hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they ;ill be filledX, Wblessed are the pure in heart, for they ;ill be called children of UodX, just to mention a fe; of 9esusGs teachings form the 7eatit%des.
65' 23NGA)IAN SAINTS
0his is the famous picture of =aint :adislaus, king of @ungary from #VQQ to #VZ5 and also king of Troatia. As a king, he ;as a very strict but just la;maker. @e strengthened the royal po;er and could also ePpand his rule over Troatia. 2t ;as during his reign that the first @ungarian saints ;ere canonized& 7ishop Uellert, =tephen 2 and his son +meric. King :adislaus took an active part in the reorganization of the oman Tatholic Thurch in @ungary, by setting up a ne; bishopric in Yagreb, thus founding the Archbishopric of 7ács and also, he recognized the legitimacy of the first marriage of the members of the clergy. 7esides, through his great donations, :adislaus made the @ungarian church more po;erful and richer than before. 0his made him Ruite popular ;ith the clergy. Lhen he died, the ;hole nation mourned for him for three years and regarded him as a saint long before his canonization. @e ;as canonized in ##Z.
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+@' )ELIGION AND T2E MEDIA
0his is an advertisement of a clothes store, ;hich sells all types of clothes for ;omen, men and children. 0he advertisement features a Cuslim ;oman dressed in a traditional black dress, ho;ever, besides her eyes, her ;rists can also be seen. 0his sho;s that the clothes company neglects the 2slamic dress code and is trying to get Cuslim ;omenGs attention. Also, this advertisement is a proof of the fact the ;orld is getting more and more globalized, in ;hich, the local and regional traditions are not that important any more.
+' )ELIGIONS IN 23NGA)*
0his is the synagogue in 7udapest, the symbol of the @ungarian 9e;ish community. 2t is the second largest synagogue in the ;orld and, along ;ith the one in Amsterdam, the most massive one in +urope. 2ts sheer size corresponds ;ith the high importance of the contemporary 9e;ish community in 7udapest. 0raditionally, there are three things 9e;ish people are supposed to do in the synagogue& pray, read the 0orah -the five books of Coses$ and learn. :earning is just as important for 9e;ish people as praying, ;hich can very ;ell be seen in an ancient 9e;ish la;, according to ;hich, every village, ;here there ;ere at least ten male adults, ;as supposed to build a synagogue and a school. 2f, ho;ever, they didnGt have money for both, they ;ere to build the school because one can pray in the school as ;ell.
