LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM TEKNOLOGI PENGEMASAN, PENGGUDANGAN DAN PENYIMPANAN
PENGEMASAN BAHAN PANGAN HEWANI
OLEH: KELOMPOK B-3 ALFANO YEHEZKIEL MARIA FERONICA GIZKA EKI
6103015038 6103015121 6103015125
Tangga : 31 Ag!"#!" 201$ A"%"#&n : I'( A)'%an!" R!%an#* +#*,* MP( IPM
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI PANGAN FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA SURABAYA 2017
I.
DASAR TEORI
M&n!'!# B!./& et al, 18$ "&,!a a4an angan ,!)a4 '!"a/( K&'!"a/an ang #&'7a)% "&'%ng )%a/%a#/an /a'&na &nga'!4 )a'% !a'( K&,a"an )%g!na/an !n#!/ ,&,a#a"% an#a'a %ng/!ngan )aa, )&ngan /&a)aan "&/%#a'na !n#!/ ,&n!n)a /&'!"a/an )aa, 7ang/a a/#! ang )%%ng%n/an( 9%a a4an /&,a"an ,&,!na% /&,a,!an ang &'&)a &)a )aa, ,&,&'#a4an/an /!a%#a" a4an angan "&a,a &n%,anan( 9&a%n &'! ,&,&'4a#%/an &,%%4an a4an &ng&,a"( Ca'a &ng&,a"an 7!ga &'! )%&'4a#%/an "!aa '*)!/ ang )%/&,a" )aa# #a a%/ ,!#!na( P&ng&,a"an a4an angan 4a'!" ,&,&'%4a#/an %,a !ng"% !#a,a a%#! :
Ha'!" )aa# ,&,&'#a4an/an '*)!/ aga' &'"%4 )an ,&,&'%/an &'%n)!ngan #&'4a)a /*#*'an )an &n.&,a'an a%nna(
Ha'!" ,&,&'% &'%n)!ngan a)a a4an angan #&'4a)a /&'!"a/an %"%/ a%' */"%g&n )an "%na'(
Ha'!" &'!ng"% "&.a'a &na' &%"%&n )an &/*n*,%" )aa, '*"&" &ng&a/an( Ha %n% &'a'#% a4an &ng&,a" 4a'!" "!)a4 )%'an.ang !n#!/ "%a a/a% a)a ,&"%n-,&"%n ang a)a(
Ha'!" ,&,!na% "!a#! #%ng/a# /&,!)a4an !n#!/ )%&n#!/ ,&n!'!# 'an.angan )%,ana !/an 4ana ,&,&'%/an /&,!)a4an a)a /*n"!,&n )aa, ,&,!/a a#a! ,&n!#! /&,a% /&,a"an #a% 7!ga 4a'!" ,&,&',!)a4 a)a #a4a "&an7!#na "&a,a &ng&*aan )% g!)ang )an "&a,a &ngang/!#an !n#!/ )%"#'%!"%(
Ha'!" ,&,&'% &ng&naan /&'angan )an )aa #a'%/ &n7!aan( Fa/#*'-a/#*'
ang
,&,&nga'!4%
/&'!"a/an
a4an
angan
"&4!!ngan )&ngan /&,a"an ang )%g!na/an ,&n!'!# ;%na'n* )an <&n%& 182 )aa, N!',%na4 M 2002 )aa# )%g**ng/an ,&n7a)% )!a g**ngan a%#! g**ngan &'#a,a /&'!"a/an )%#&n#!/an *&4 "%a# aa,%a4 )a'% '*)!/ )an #%)a/ )aa# )%.&ga4 )&ngan &ng&,a"an ,%"ana &'!a4an /%,%a %*/%,%a %"%/ "&'#a ,%'*%**g%= "&)ang/an g**ngan /&)!a /&'!"a/an ang )%#&n#!/an *&4 %ng/!ngan )an 4a,%' "&!'!4na )aa# )%/*n#'* )&ngan /&,a"an ang )aa# )%g!na/an ,%"ana /&'!"a/an
,&/an%" &'!a4an /a)a' a%' a4an a"*'"% )an %n#&'a/"% )&ngan */"%g&n( 9&.a'a !,!, a4an &ng&,a" &')a"a'/an 7&n%"na )aa# )%ag% ,&n7a)% 2 g**ngan a/n% monolayer )an multilayer a,%na"%( K&,a"an ,!#%a&'>a,%na"% a)aa4 7&n%" /&,a"an ang #&'"!"!n a#a" &&'aa a%"an )%,ana &na#!an a%"an-a%"an %n% )%a/!/an )&ngan &ngg!naan "!a#! adhesive )an 7!ga )&ngan &,ana"an( P'*"&" a,%na"% )%a/!/an /a'&na #%)a/ a)a "!a#! 7&n%" *%,&' ang )aa# ,&,&n!4% "&,!a "%a# /&,a"an ang )%%ng%n/an( T&'!#a,a ag% /&&'!an &ng&,a"an a4an angan ang ,&ng4&n)a/% &'"a'a#an ang &'?a'%a"% )aa# )%/a#a/an #%)a/ a)a "a#! *%,&' ang %)&a "&.a'a !n%?&'"a( La%"ana%"an ang )%g!na/an )aa# &'!a a4an a"#%/ )an 7!ga a4an n*na"#%/ "&&'#% /&'#a" a!,%n%!, *% )an "&!*"a #&'&g&n&'a"% )%,ana "%a a4an &a%" !,!,na &%4 #%%" )a'% 6 ,%/'*n( Ba4an a,%na"% a"#%/ )aa# !a )%'*)!/"% "&aga% %, /*,*"%# ang )%4a"%/an )&ngan '*"&" co-extrusion a#a! coating 9!%#n* 10( P'*"&" a,%na"% )%a/!/an /a'&na #%)a/ a)a "!a#! 7&n%" *%,&' ang )aa# ,&,&n!4% "&,!a "%a# /&,a"an ang )%%ng%n/an( T&'!#a,a ag% /&&'!an &ng&,a"an a4an angan ang ,&ng4&n)a/% &'"a'a#an ang &'?a'%a"% )aa# )%/a#a/an #%)a/ a)a "a#! *%,&' ang %)&a "&.a'a !n%?&'"a( M&n!'!# ;%na'n* 13 /&,a"an a,%na"% ang a%/ !n#!/ /&'!!/ a%#! P@C Polyvinylidene Chloride ang )%a%"% )&ngan a!,%n%!, *%( A!,%n%!, *% ,&'!a/an &,a'an a!,%n%!, )&ngan /&aan /!'ang )a'% 0006 %n.4( M&n!'!# 9!"an#* )an 9!.%#a 1 a!,%n%!, ang )%&'g!na/an "&aga% a4an
&ng&,a" ,&,!na%
&&'aa
/&&%4an )%an#a'ana **# '&a#% '%ngan #a4an #&'4a)a /*'*"% *&4 !)a'a a#,*"&' #%)a/ ,&n%,!/an n*)a )&ngan '*)!/ ang ,&ngan)!ng "!!' )aa# )%!a4 ,&n7a)% &n#!/ a)a4 ang &%4 ,!)a4( %"a,%ng %#! &ng&,a" 7&n%" %n% 7!ga ,&,%%/% /&&,a4an )%an#a'ana a!,%n%!, )aa# ,&,!.a#/an a'na &&'aa 7&n%" a4an ,a/anan !n#!/ "&ag%an &"a' '*)!/-'*)!/ .a%' )aa #a4an &%4 &n)&/ )a'%a)a #%n a#&(
+n#!/ '*)!/-'*)!/ ang )%"%,an a)a "!4! '&n)a4 a!,%n%!, *% "anga# .*.*/ "&a #%)a/ a/an ,&n7a)% 'a!4 a)a "!4! #&'"&!#( K&/!a#an )an )aa &n#!'na a/an "&,a/%n &'#a,a4 /aa! "!4!na )%#!'!n/an a4/an "a,a% -320 *F( A!,%n%!, "anga# ,!)a4 )%&n#!/ )&ngan ,&ngg!na/an a,%na"% )&ngan "&7!,a4 a4an a%n( 9!%#n* 10( Poli!il"
M&n!'!# 9a.4a'* )an G'%%n 180 )aa, N!',%na4 M 2002 *%%&n ,&'!a/an %, ang !na/ #'an"a'an )an &/"%& ,&,!na% /&/!a#an &n#!'an "&'#a /&/!a#an "*&/ ang a%/( &ngan &,ana"an a/an ,&n7a)% !na/
)an ,&n.a%' a)a "!4!
110C( B&')a"a'/an "%a#
&',&a%%#a"na ang '&n)a4 "&'#a "%a#-"%a# ,&/an%/na ang a%/ *%%&n ,&,!na% /&aan 0(001 "a,a% 0(01 %n.4% ang ana/ )%g!na/an "&aga% &ng&,a" ,a/anan /a'&na "%a#na ang #4&',*a"#%/ *%%&n ,!)a4 )%!a# /an#!ng )&ngan )&'a7a# /&'aa#an ang a%/( K*n?&'"% %&n ,&n7a)% *%%&n PE "&.a'a /*,&'"%a "&,!a )%a/!/an )&ngan #&/anan #%ngg% na,!n )%#&,!/an .a'a #ana #&/anan #%ngg%( R&a/"% ang #&'7a)% a)aa4 "&aga% &'%/!#: nCH2D CH2 E#%&n
-CH2-CH2-n *%,&'%"a"%
P*%%&n
9!,&' : N!',%na4 M 2002 P"#$%& L%$i"%&i
P&ng&,a"an a,%na"% ,&'!a/an &ng/*,%na"%an ,&ngg!na/an a4an !/an a"#%/ "&&'#% /&'#a" a!,%n%!, *% )an "&aga%na( K*,%na"% a#a! a,%na"% #&'"&!# #&')%'% a#a" a%"an "a#! a4an )% a#a" a4an ang a%n ang )%"a#!/an )&ngan &'&/a#( Ba4an a,%na"% a"#%/ )aa# !a )%'*)!/"% "&aga% %, /*,*"%# ang )%4a"%/an )&ngan '*"&" co-extrusion a#a! coating 9!%#n* 11( M&n!'!# ;%na'n* 182 /*,%na"% a#a! a,%na"% #&')%'% a#a" a%"an "a#! a4an )% a#a" a4an ang a%n ang )%"a#!/an )&ngan &'&/a#( Ba4an a,%na"% %n% )%!a# /a'&na ,&ng%nga# #%)a/ a)a "!a#! 7&n%" *%,&'
ang )aa# ,&,&n!4% "&,!a "%a# /&,a"an ang )%%ng%n/an( Aaag% ag% /&&'!an &ng&,a"an a4an ,a/anan ang ,&ng4&n)a/% &'"a'a#an ang &'?a'%a"% "&4%ngga )aa# )%/a#a/an #%)a/ a)a "a#! *%,&' ang %)&a "&.a'a !n%?&'"a(
9%a#
*#%,!,
"&'%ng/a%
4ana
)aa#
)%.aa%
)&ngan
,&,anaa#/an &&'aa ,a.a, *%,&' )an a4/an ,&ng/*,%na"%/an a4an !/an a"#%/ "&&'#% /&'#a" )an a!,%n%!, *% )"( 9%a#-"%a# ang )%4a"%/an *&4 /&,a"an a,%na"% )a'% )!a a#a! &%4 %, )aa# ,&,%%/% "%a# ang !n%/( C*n#*4na /&,a"an ang #&')%'% )a'% a%"an /&'#a">*%%&n>a!,%n%!, *%>*%'*%&n a%/ "&/a% !n#!/ /&,a"an ,a/anan /&'%ng( La%"an !a' ang #&')%'% )a'% /&'#a" &'!ng"% !n#!/ .a/an &',!/aan ang &/*n*,%" )an ,!'a4( P*%%&n &'!ng"% "&aga% &'&/a# an#a'a a!,%n%!, *% )&ngan /&'#a"( A!,%n%!, *% ,&"/%!n 4ana "%%" 000035 inch 1>3 ,, ,&,&'% barrier ang /!a# )an "!&'%*'( 9&)ang *%%&n ag%an )aa, ,a,! ,&,&'%/an /&/!a#an )an /&,a,!an !n#!/ )%'&/a# a#a! )%#!#! )&ngan ana"( &ngan /*n"& a,%na"% ,a%ng-,a"%ng a%"an "a%ng ,&n!#!% /&/!'anganna "&4%ngga ,&ng4a"%/an &,a'an /&,a"an ang &',!#! #%ngg%( Bi&'(i!
B%"/!%# ,&'!a/an "aa4 "a#! ,a/anan '%ngan a#a! snack ang ana/ )%/*n"!,"% *&4 ,a"a'a/a#( P'*)!/ %n% ,&'!a/an '*)!/ /&'%ng ang
,&,%%/%
/a)a'
a%'
'&n)a4(
&a'#&,&n
P&'%n)!"#'%an
RI
,&ng&*,*//an %"/!%# ,&n7a)% &,a# /&*,*/ a%#! %"/!%# /&'a" crackers .**/%&" )an a&'( %"/!%# a)aa4 '*)!/ ang )%&'*&4 )&ngan ,&,anggang a)*nan )a'% #&!ng #&'%g! )&ngan &na,a4an ,a/anan a%n )an )&ngan a#a! #ana &na,a4an a4an #a,a4an angan ang )%%%n/an( &a'#&,&n P&'%n)!"#'%an 12(K&ana/an %"/!%# ,&,%%/% /an)!ngan /a'*4%)'a# )an &,a/ ang #%ngg% "&)ang/an /an)!ngan '*#&%n ang '&a#% '&n)a4(B%"/!%# ,&'!a/an 7&n%" /!& /&'%ng ang )%!a# )a'% a)*nan /&'a" &'&n#!/ %%4 %a )%a#a4/an &na,ang *#*nganna &'#&/"#!' a)a# )aa# &'/a)a' &,a/ #%ngg% a#a! '&n)a4(
II. ALAT DAN BAHAN Al%! )%"# *i#("%'%"+ T%,angan Sealer
- G!n#%ng - IR Moisture
-P&ngga'%" - Na,an
- M*'#a'
B%-%" )%"# *i#("%'%"+ Crackers Pa"#%/ ( - Pa"#%/ /&,a"an a,%na"% multilayer T'a./&'
- Pa"#%/ /&,a"an a,%na"% multilayer Ma*
III. ARA KER/A
Pembuatan kemasan dari plask yang digunakan dengan ukuran yang sama
Pemasukan crackers ke dalam kemasan
Sealing
Penyimpanan dalam nampan (terbuka)
Pengamatan pada hari ke-4,6,7,11 (kadar air dan kerenyahanObek!)
IV. DATA PENGAMATAN
Ha'%
K&,a"an
B&'a#
B&'a#
Ka)a'
K&'&na4a
aa g
a/4%' g
a%'
n
Ba!
Pa"#%/ 0
a,%na"% Ma* T'a./&'
152$
-
3
5
A'*,a .'a./&'"
Pa"#%/
125
13
515
5
A'*,a
110 138
11 12
61 60
3
.'a./&'"
151$
152
$
3
A'*,a
1518 1505
1523 150$
2 30
5 3
.'a./&'"
1513
1522
66
2
A'*,a
152 1530
1535 1530
503 23
3 3
.'a./&'"
11 15$5 586 a,%na"% 11 Ma* 158 15 580 T'a./&' 12 15 0 K&'angan : "&,a/%n ana/ "&,a/%n '&na4
2
A'*,a
3
.'a./&'"
a,%na"% Ma* T'a./&' Pa"#%/
6
a,%na"% Ma* T'a./&' Pa"#%/
$
a,%na"% Ma* T'a./&' Pa"#%/
V.
PEMBAHASAN Pl%&!i'
Ka)a' a%' Ka)a' a%' ,&'!a/an 7!,a4 a%' ang #&'/an)!ng )aa, a4an(Ka)a' a%' )aa, "!a#! a4an ang )%"%,an )aa# &'#a,a4 a#a!!n
&'/!'ang
#&'gan#!ng
a)a
/*n)%"%
%ng/!ngan
#&,a#
&n%,ananna(P&n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' a)a a4an angan )%&nga'!4% *&4 /&&,aan '&a#% !)a'aRH '!ang "%,an )an &',&a%%#a" /&,a"an( P&',&a%%#a" /&,a"an a)aa4 /&,a,!an !a a%' !n#!/ ,&n&,!" /&,a"an a)a /*n)%"% "!4! )an RH #&'#&n#! "&4%ngga "&,a/%n /&.% &',&a%%#a" a%' /&,a"an ,a/a )aa #&,!" !a a%' "&,a/%n /&.% )an "&a%/na( A"#'%) 2013( Pa)a 'a/#%/!, %n% )%a/!/an &nga,a#an /a)a' a%' #&'4a)a crackers ang &'a)a )aa, /&,a"an a"#%/ a,%na"% ,a* )an #'a./&'( a'% 4a"% 'a/#%/!, /a)a' a%' crackers a)a /&,a"an a"#%/ a,%na"% a)a ang ,&n%ng/a# )an ,&n!'!n "&%'%ng a/#! &nga,a#an( Pa)a 4a'% /& ,&n!n7!//an a)ana &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' a%#! ,&n7a)% 515( Ha %n% )%/a'&na/an /%/a RH '!ang "%,an na%/ ,a/a !a a%' ang ,a"!/ /&
)aa, a4an a/an &%4 &"a' )a'% !a a%' ang /&!a' "&4%ngga /a)a' a%' )% )aa, a4an 7!ga ,&n%ng/a#( Pa)a 4a'% /& 6 )an /& $ /a)a' a%' "&,a/%n #!'!n $ )an 66 )%"&a/an /a'&na RH a)a '!ang "%,an #!'!n "&4%ngga )aa #&,!" !a a%' a)a /&,a"an !n 7!ga /&.%( K&,!)%an a)a 4a'% /& 11 #&'7a)% &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' ag% )%/a'&na/an RH '!ang "%,an ,&n%ng/a# )an ,&n&a/an !a a%' )aa# ,a"!/ &%4 ana/ )aa, /&,a"an )an )%"&'a *&4 crackers. K&'&na4an Pa)a 'a/#%/!, %n% )%g!na/an crackers !n#!/ !7% /&'&na4anna(Crackers )%"%,an )aa, /&,a"an a,%na"% ang &'&)a-&)a a%#! a"#%/ a,%na"% ,a* )an #'a./&'(Crackers )%"%,an a)a "!4! '!ang "&a,a &&'aa 4a'%( a'% 4a"% 'a/#%/!, crackers ang )%/&,a" )&ngan a"#%/ a,%na"% /&'&na4anna "&,a/%n &'/!'ang "&%'%ng a/#! &n%,anan( Pa)a 4a'% /& /& 6 )an /& $ #&'7a)% &n!'!nan /&'&na4an a%#! 5 3 )an 2( Ha #&'"&!# )%/a'&na/an "&,a/%n #%ngg% a7! &na,a4an a%' a)a a4an )aa# ,&n&a/an crackers "&,a/%n .&a# ,&&,&, a#a! )%/a#a/an #%)a/ '&na4 ag%( A"#'%) 2013 M%)o Ka)a' a%' B&')a"a'/an 4a"% &nga,a#an )%/a4!% a4a "&,a/%n a,a &n%,anan ,&n&a/an /a)a' a%' )aa, crackers "&,a/%n ,&n%ng/a#( Ha %n% )%/a'&na/an #%ngg%na RH a)a %ng/!ngan "&/%#a' #&,a# &n%,anan "&4%ngga ,&n&a/an !a a%' ,a"!/ )aa, a4an )an /a)a' a%' ang #&'/an)!ng )aa, a4an a/an ,&n%ng/a#( M&n!'!# 9a'%& )//( 18 /a)a' a%' "!a#! a4an )%&nga'!4% *&4 "!4! #&/anan !a )an /&&,aan( 9%a a4an %a )%a//an )aa, !)a'a #&'!/a /a)a' a%'na a/an ,&n.aa% /&"%,angan )&ngan /&&,aan !)a'a )%"&/%#a'na( Ka)a' a%' a4an %n% )%"&!# )&ngan /a)a' a%' "&%,ang( 9%a /&&,aan '&a#% #&'#&n#! )aa# ,&ng4a"%/an /a)a' a%' "&%,ang #&'#&n#! !a B&')a"a'/an a)a 7&n%" &ng&,a" ,a* ,&'!a/an /&,a"an a,%na"% %a"a a%#! #ana aluminium foil. ( <&n%" /&,a"an %n%
,&n&a/an
!a
a%'
,!)a4
,a"!/
/&)aa,
a4an
"&4%ngga
,&n&a/an /a)a' a%' ,&n%ng/a# )an nan#%na 7!ga a/an &'&nga'!4 a)a /&'&na4an crackers( K&'&na4an K&'&na4an a4an )%)a"a'/an a)a /an)!ngan a%' ang )%"&'a a4an )an /&,a,!an /&,a"an )aa, ,&ng4aang% !a a%' ,a"!/ /& )aa, a4an &',&a%%#a" /&,a"an( M&n!'!# ;%na'n* )an <&nn%& 183 )aa, A,&%a 2000 &nga'!4 /a)a' a%' "anga# &n#%ng )aa, ,&n&n#!/an )aa a )a'% ,a/anan /a'&na a/#*' %n% a/an ,&,&nga'!4% "%a# %"%/ /&/&'a"an )an /&'&na4an )an "%a#-"%a# %"%/*-/%,%a &'!a4an-&'!a4an /%,%a broning n*n &n%,a#%" /&'!"a/an ,%/'*%**g%" )an &n%,a#%" #&'!#a,a a)a ,a/anan ang #%)a/ )%*a4( P&'&)aan
#%ng/a#
/&'&na4an
#&'"&!#
)%"&a/an
/a'&na
/a'a/#&'%"#%/ )an "%a# )a'% #%a /&,a"an &'&)a( K&,a"an #ana aluminium foil %n% ,&,%%/% a4an ang &%4 #%%" )%an)%ng/an /&,a"an ang a%n( Ha %n% )%#!n7!//an )&ngan n%a% /a)a' a%'
ang &"a' )an
#%ng/a# /&'&na4an ang '&n)a4 a)a crackers( P&n!'!nan /&'&na4an 7!ga )aa# )%"&a/an /a'&na a)ana /&*.*'an )a'% /&,a"an ang )%g!na/an a/%a# '*"&" sealing ang "!4!na #&'a! #%ngg% a#a!!n '*"&" sealing /&,a"an ang #%)a/ a%/ "&4%ngga ,&n&a/an /&'&na4an %"/!%# ang )%"%,an ,&n7a)% ,&n!'!n T%'
Ka)a' a%' P&nga,a#an /a)a' a%' )%a/!/an )&ngan ,&ngg!na/an aa# Infrared Moisture Meter !naly"er a)a 4a'% /& 06$ )an 11(P&nga,a#an /a)a' a%' )%a/!/an #&'4a)a cracker ang )%"%,an )aa, /&,a"an #'a./&' ang )%"%,an a)a /&'an7ang )% !)a'a #&'!/a(B&')a"a'/an )a#a &nga,a#an)aa# )%%4a# a4a #&'7a)% &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' )a'% 4a'% /& 04a'% /& na,!n #!'!n a)a 4a'% /& 64a'% /& $ )an 4a'% /& 11(M&n%ng/a#na /a)a' a%' a)a aa4an )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na &nga'!4
a/#! &n%,anan(9&4a'!"na"&,a/%n a,a a/#! &n%,anan,a/a /a)a' a%' a4an a/an "&,a/%n ,&n%ng/a#(Ha %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na #&'.%#ana /&"&%,angan !a a%' an#a'a a4an )&ngan %ng/!ngan )% "&/%#a'na"&4%ngga !a a%' )a'% %ng/!ngan a/an ,a"!/ /& )aa, a4an angan )an ,&n&a/an /&na%/an /a)a' a%' )aa, a4an angan a%#! crackers(Na,!n&')a"a'/an )a#a 'a/#%/!,)aa# )%%4a# a4a #&'7a)% &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' a)a 4a'% /& na,!n 7!"#'! ,&n!'!n a)a 4a'% /& 6$ )an 11(Ha %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na a)a "aa# 4a'% /& 0crackers )%%a'/an #&'a! a,a )% !)a'a #&'!/a "&4%ngga "!)a4 "!!)a4 ,!a% #&'.%#a /&"&%,angan )&ngan %ng/!ngan "&/%#a' )an a)a "aa# )%a/!/an &ng!/!'an /a)a' a%'n%a% ang #&'4%#!ng .!/! #%ngg%&g%#! !a ang #&'7a)% a)a 4a'% ang /& "&4%ngga ,&n&a/an &n!'!nan /a)a' a%' a)a 4a'% /& 6$ )an 11 )%,ana "&a4 )%!/a )"'% /&,a"an ang"!ng )%a/!/an &ng!/!'an /a)a' a%' a)a cracker #&'"&!#(B%a )%an)%ng/an )&ngan /a)a' a%' a)a 7&n%" /&,a"an a%nna/a)a' a%' a)a /&,a"an a,%na"% #'a./&' %n% ,&,%%/% n%a% /a)a' a%' ang a%ng '&n)a44a %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na /&,a"an a,%na"% #'a./&' ,&,%%/% a'na ang .&n)&'!ng g&a )an #%)a/ #'an"a'an "&4%ngga ,&,%%/% /a4anan ang a%/ !a #&'4a)a .a4aa )an )&ngan a)ana a,%na"% 7!ga ,&,!a# &',&a%%#a"
#&'4a)a
!)a'a
"&/%#a'
,&n7a)%
&'/!'ang
ang
,&n&a/an '*)!/ &%4 #&'%n)!ng% )%an)%ng 7&n%" /&,a"an a%nna ang &'"%a# &%4 #'an"a'an( K&'&na4an P&nga,a#an #&'4a)a /&'&na4an crackers %n% )%a/!/an "&.a'a "!&/#% )&ngan .a'a ,&ngg%g%# crackers #&'"&!# )an )%a/!/an &n%a%an )&ngan ,&,&'%/an n%a% (9&,a/%n #%ngg% n%a% ,a/a #%ng/a# /&'&na4an a/an "&,a/%n #%ngg%(K&'&na4an "!a#! a4an angan )%&nga'!4% *&4 /an)!ngan a%' ang )%"&'a a4an )an /&,a,!an /&,a"an
)aa, ,&ng4aang%
!a
a%'
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/&
)aa,
a4an
&',&a%%#a" /&,a"an "&'#a RH )a'% %ng/!ngan &n%,anan a4an angan #&'"&!#(B&')a"a'/an )a#a &nga,a#an)aa# )%%4a# a4a #%ng/a# /&'&na4an )a'% crackers ang )%"%,an )aa, /&,a"an #'a./&'
,&ngaa,% &n!'!nan #%ng/a# /&'&na4an )%an)%ng 4a'% /& 04a %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na a)ana &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' )% )aa, crackers #&'"&!# "&4%ngga /&'&na4an )a&% crackers ,&n7a)% &'/!'ang )an .&n)&'!ng
aga/ ,&&,&, &%4 &'a#
"aa#
)%g%g%#(Na,!n%a
)%an)%ng/an )&ngan 7&n%" /&,a"an a%nna#%ng/a# /&'&na4an )a'% crackers ang )%"%,an )aa, /&,a"an #'a./&' %n% ,&,%%/% #%ng/a# /&'&na4an ang a%ng a%/4a %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na /&,a"an a,%na"% #'a./&' %n% ,&,%%/% a'na ang .&&n)&'!ng &%4 g&a "&4%ngga ,&,%%/% /a4anan ang .!/! a%/ #&'4a)a .a4aa "&'#a #%)a/ #'an"a'an )an ,&,%%/% a%"an a,%na"% ang ,&,!a# &',&a%%#a" #&'4a)a !)a'a "&/%#a' ,&n7a)% &%4 '&n)a4(
A'*,a P&nga,a#an #&'4a)a a'*,a crackers %n% )%a/!/an "&.a'a "!&/#%
)&ngan
,&&ngg!na/an
.a'a 4%)!ng
,&n.%!, %n)'a
a'*,a
)a'%
crackers #&'"&!#
&n.%!,an(B&')a"a'/an
)a#a
&nga,a#ana'*,a )a'% crackers ,a"%4 #&'7aga )&ngan a%/a%#! ,a"%4 &'!a a'*,a crackers "&&'#% a)a !,!,na(Ha %n% )aa# #&'7a)% /a'&na crackers )%/&,a" )aa, /&,a"an a,%na"% ang ,&,%%/% a'na .&n)&'!ng g&a )an #%)a/ #'an"a'an "&4%ngga &',&a%%#a" #&'4a)a !)a'a "&/%#a' ,&n7a)% &%4 #&'a#a" "&'#a ,&,%%/% /a4anan #&'4a)a .a4aa 7!ga .!/! a%/ "&4%ngga /!a%#a" )a'% '*)!/ !n #&'7aga )&ngan a%/(
VI.
KESIMPULAN
Fa/#*' ang ,&,&nga'!4% /&'&na4an )an /a)a' a%' crackers, ,&%!#% %ng/!ngan &n%,anan 7&n%" /&,a"an ang )%g!na/an a)a #%)a/na a%"an aluminium foil &',&a%%#a" /&,a"an )an #&a /&,a"an ang )%g!na/an
9&,a/%n a,a a/#! &n%,anan a4an a/an ,&ngaa, &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%' ang "&,a/%n &"a' )an &n!'!nan /&'&na4an /a'&na ,&n&'a !a a%' "&,a/%n ana/( B&'a# crackers "&,a/%n na%/ /%/a #&'7a)% &n%ng/a#an /a)a' a%'(
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
A"#'%);( 9(;a!* )an ((N*?%#a( 2013( P'&)%/"% +,!' 9%,an K&'!!/ K&,ang )aa, K&,a"an Pa"#%/ P*%'*%&n B&&'aa K&aan( #urnal $eknik Pertanian %am&ung. @*(2( N*(2:10511( B!./& K(A( R(A( E)a')" G(H( F& an) M( ;**##*n18$( Ilmu Pangan.