Kakabhushundi - Birds of the Ramayana (1)

Joz oz` ` } a e phi Zb l b  b db

Kbkbjhy}hyd`o

Jhb z b p Jhy Jhy }hb d

Joz oz` ` } a e phi Zb l b  b db

Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Jhb zb p Jhy Jhy }hb d

V z i ,v , v y j co c o m b p oa o a d ` z b ep ep l b d y } m z ov p P h o } o } d a p b v y j c om o m b p oa oa d @ o ~ b c o# o # > D a u i l j i z : 6 26 P h o } ` z b e p ma m a v  o } j i o d n ` o } pz p z o j y p i ` p a o d u op op i m a l l i d p } b d ` } y n n i } po poa d }

D a p ea e a z } b ci c i a z ` o } p z oj o j y p oa oa d

J i od od n y v c a b ` i ` a z ` o } p z oj o j y p i ` ea ea z n y o ` b d mi b d ` } y n ni n i } p oa o a d } od o d ` i ui u i ca ca v o d n p h i } p a z 

Bcc zonhp} zi}izui`$ Da vbzp ae pho} jaak lb ji zivza`ymi` az ypoco}i` od bd eazl az j bd libd}# icimpzadom} az limhbdombc odmcy`odn vhapamavodn# zimaz`odn az j bd odeazlbpoad }pazbni bd` zipzoiubc }}pil# ~ophayp vizlo}}oad od ~zopodn ezal phi vyjco}hiz}$ Pho} o} dap b vyjcombp oad$ Pho} o} b vzi,vyjc ombp oad `zbe p lbdy}mzovp lbdy}mzovp ae b vzava}i` vzava}i` jaak bd` o} jiodn `o}p `o}p zoj yp i` eaz i`opodn# mallidp}# mzopom} bd` }ynni}poad}$ Phi `o}pzojypoad o} ~ophod b colopi` nzayv ae ixvizp}# zi}ayzmi viz}ad}# viavci ~ha bzi eblocobz ~oph phi Zblbbdb# phi b}vimp} ae phi odmbzdbpoad ae Uo}hdy b} Zblb# bd` pha}i ~ha bzi odpizi}pi` od phi b}vimp} ae `iuicavlidp `iuicavlidp ae b }p }p az$ Pha}i ~ha zimioui pho} vzi,vyjcombpoad `zbep lbdy}mzovp lb eaz~bz` op pha}i ~ha lb ji bjci pa madp mad p zojyp i p a phi i`op odn bd bd`` `iuicavlidp `iuicavlidp ae p hi }p }p az$ Phizi ~occ ji izzaz}# lo}pbki} bd` madpixpybc ~zadn} nbcazi$ Vcib}i `a dap hi}opbpi pa vaodp phil ayp bd` odeazl p hi bbyphaz yphaz bp jhbzbpjhy}hbdFbhaa$mal Bjayp phi jaak Phi Joz`} ae phi Zblbbdb o} b }izoi} phbp vzi}idp} phi la}p vzalodidp joz`,mhbzbmpiz} b}}amobpi` ~oph phi Zblbbdb$ Phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbdb o} bppzojypi` pa phi }bni ~ha hb` phi ja` ae b mza~# myz}i` bd` jci}} jci}}i` j ]houb ]houb p a ji bc~ b} ~ op h `iuap oad p a Zblb$ Zblb$ Bjayp p hi byp byp haz Jhbz bp Jhy} hy }hbd

Iduozadlidp ]moidp o}p o}p # Azdop hacano} hacano}pp $ Joz` iz# Joz`~bpmhiz# Pibmhiz# Pzbodiz$ Imcimpom bd` ]izid`ovop ay} Ubn bnzbdp zbdp Pzbuicc Pzbuicc iz$ Ad c bd`# p hzaynh jaak} jaa k}## od}o`i od}o`i p hi odpizdip # bd bd`` `iiv ~op hod p hi lod`$

Joz`} ae phi Zblbybdb

Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Phi }bni ~oph phi ja`y ae b mza~  Op o} phy} ~zoppid phbp Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# phi }bni ~ha ~b} zijazd b} b mza~# ~b} phi eoz}p adi pa dbzzbpi phi Zblbbdb# lymh jieazi Ubcloko az ]houb az Pyc}o`b}$ Phizi bzi ubzoay} uiz}oad} ae phi Zblbbdb$ @iuapii} phzaynh lbd midpyzoi} bzi eblocobz ~oph phi Ubcloko Zblbbd# ~zoppid od uiz}i eazl j phi ]bni Ubcloko# bd` phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb}# ~zoppid od dibz, madpilvazbz poli} j phi `iuapii,vaip# Pyc}o`b}$ Dap lbd `iuapii} bzi eblocobz ~oph phi B`hbplb Zblbbdb phbp ~b} dbzzbpi` j ]houb pa Vbzubpo# lymh ibzcoiz phbd phi Ubcloko Zblbbd$ Op o} }bo` phbp phi Zblbbdb dbzzbpi` j phi }bni,mza~# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# da~ kda~d# b} phi Kbkjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd ~b} lymh ibzcoiz pa phi B`hbplb Zblbbdb$ Phizi o} b uiz coppci kda~d }paz phbp odeazl} bjayp phi ibzcoiz coei ae Kbkbjhy}hyd`o$ Hi ~b} }bo` pa ji b lo}mhoiuay} `o}movci ae Calb}h Lydo# ~ha ~b} b nzibp `iuapii ae ]houb$ Calb}h Lydo pzoi` pa nip phi `iuapii pa olvzaui hol}ice# jyp eboci`$ Coi} bd` `o}aji`oidmi bd` od}ycp} vzanzi}}i` pa }ymh bd ixpidp phbp op mzibpi` lymh vbod bd` bdniz pa ]houb hol}ice# eaz hi mayc` dap pacizbpi phi hyzp mby}i` pa Calb}h Lydo$ ]houb mbli pa phi b}hzblb ae Calb}h Lydo bd` myz}i` phi `o}movci# bd` mby}i` hol pa ji zijazd b phay}bd` poli} od phi

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ca~i}p ae coei eazl}# }odmi hi `o` dap zi}vimp ho} pibmhiz bd` od}ycpi` hol zivibpi`c$ Calb}h Lydo ~b} vbodi` phbp ho} `o}movci hb` jiid myz}i` od }ymh b `zb}pom lbddiz# eaz hi eicp phbp ebycp }hayc` dap ji vcbmi` ~oph phi `o}movci bcadi$ Hi ji}iimhi` ]houb pa eaznoui phi `o}movci ad ho} jihbce bd` bcca~ hol bd avvazpydop eaz zi`ilvpoad$ Hi }bdn }cakb} pa }yvvazp ho} ziryi}p bd` ]houb ~b} vcib}i` bp phi eboph phbp phi lb}piz madpodyi` pa hbui od ho} `o}movci# iuid oe  hi hb` dap jihbui` vzavizc bd` hb` od}ycpi` hol zivibpi`c$ ]houb bnzii` pa zi`ymi phi `zb}pom dbpyzi ae  phi myz}i# jyp od`ombpi` phbp hi mayc` dap mhbdni phi i}}idmi ae phi bmpoad phbp ~ayc` hbui pa ji yd`iznadi$ Phi `o}movci ~ayc` hbui pa ji zijazd b phay}bd` poli}$ ]houb ~ayc` mhaa}i phbp phi `o}movci ~ayc` ji zijazd b phay}bd` poli} b} b mza~$ Jyp# hi mayc` nbod zi`ilvpoad j phi b}vimp phbp ibmh ae ho} jozph} ~ayc` pbki hol mca}i pa Uo}hdy# ~ha ~ayc` ji zijazd od phi ~azc`# b} Zblb# bd` hi ~ayc` nip pa kda~ bjayp phi coei ae Zblb# bd` ~ayc` phizibepiz dbzzbpi phi }paz# }a phbp op ~ayc` ji zililjizi` zililjizi` phzaynh eaz phay}bd`} ae ibz}$ Op o} phy} }bo` phbp phi `o}movci ~b} zijazd b} b mza~# bd` mbli pa ji mca}i idaynh pa kda~ bjayp Zblb# bd` yd`iz}paa` phi vyzva}i ae Uo}hdy‟} odmbzdbpoad bladn hylbd}# bd` malva}i` phi Zblbbdb$ Phi }bni,mza~ mbli pa ji zinbz`i` b} Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# bd` phi Zblbbdb malva}i` bd` dbzzbpi` j hol# pa pho} `b# o} zimando}i` b} phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd$ Phizi o} b ubzobpoad pa phi }paz ae phi azonod} ae  Kbkbjhy}hyd`o$ Pho} }paz hb} jiid zipac` j Pyc}o`b} od phi bmmalvbdodn pixp pa ho} malva}opoad ae phi

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 Zy`zb}hpbkbl pa ]houb# ~hid hi ~b} bp Kb}ho (< Ubzbdb}o# Yppbz Vzb`i}h/$ Ha~iuiz# op o} }bo` phbp phi  Zy`zb}hpbkbl# phi maccimpoad ae }cakb} od halbni pa ]houb# malva}i` j Pyc}o`b} od phi Kb}ho Uo}h~bdbph pilvci# hb} op} azonod} od phi pbci} ae Kbkbjhy}hyd`o$

Phi }paz‟} policodi o} ~hid Kbkbjhy}hyd`o od ho} ibzcoiz jozph# b} b `o}movci ae Calb}h Lydo$ Jhy}hyd`o hb` jiid jazd b} b hylbd jiodn od Ba`hb bd` ~b} b }pbydmh `iuapii ae ]houb$ Hi ~b} bnbod}p ~az}hov ae  aphiz na`}# odmcy`odn Uo}hdy$ @yzodn b }iuizi `zbynhp od Ba`hb# Jhy}hyd`o laui` pa Yggbod (< od Lb`hb Vzb`i}h/ bd` o} }yvva}i` pa hbui lip Calb}h Lydo bd` }aynhp pa jimali ho} `o}movci$ Calb}h Lydo ~az}hovvi` ]houb bd` Uo}hdy irybcc bd` pzoi` pa ixvcbod pa Jhy}hyd`o phbp ~az}hov pa ]houb mayc` ji ezyopeyc oe op ~b} vzimi`i` j ~az}hov pa Uo}hdy$ La}p }pazoi} kiiv bcpizdbpodn jip~iid Uo}hdy bd` Zblb# od ixvcbododn phbp ~az}hov pa ]houb o} pa ji vzimi`i` j ~az}hov pa Zblb$ ]houb# od ho} `o}my}}oad ~oph Vbzubpo# ~hoci ixvcbododn phi ]zo Zbl Zbk}hb ]papzb# odeazl} hiz phbp hi o} bc~b} odebpybpi` od ho} `iuapoad pa Zblb# bd` mbd diuiz ziey}i b `iuapii ae Zblb$ ]houb ilvhb}o}i} pa Vbzubpo phbp phi vbph ae ~az}hov pa ]houb o} phzaynh phi vbph ae ~az}hov pa Zblb# eaz ]houb hol}ice madpodybcc mhbdp} phi ~az`} ‘Zblb# Zblb# Zblb‟$ Y}odn aphiz ixblvci} bd` }pazoi}# Calb}h Lydo o} }yvva}i` pa hbui pzoi` pa maduodmi Jhy}hyd`o pa mad}o`iz ~az}hov ae Uo}hdy az Zblb jieazi ~az}hov pa ]houb$ Phizi mbli b lalidp ~hid Jhy}hyd`o ~b} od `iiv ~az}hov pa ]houb bd` Calb}h Lydo idpizi` phi vzilo}i}$ Phi od}ycp pa Calb}h Lydo o} ixvcbodi` phzaynh phi b}vimp phbp Jhy}hyd`o `o` dap aeeiz ho}

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zi}vimp} pa ho} pibmhiz# jyp madpodyi` ~oph ho} vzbiz} pa ]houb$ Calb}h Lydo `o` dap nip bdnz# jyp ]houb# od ho} b}vimp ae  B`o  B`o @bk}hodblyzpo (< Eazila}p `iop ae Zy`zb ebmodn phi }ayph/ od phi pilvci# jimbli bdnz bp phi ~zadneyc jihbuoayz ae b `o}movci pa ho} pibmhiz$ Od ho} bdniz# ]houb }vaki phzaynh b dad,hylbd azbmci bd` myz}i` Jhy}hyd`o$ Calb}h Lydo ~b} lazi ebopheyc pa ho} `iuapii# Jhy}hyd`o# eaz hi kdi~ ae ho} papbc `iuapoad pa ]houb$ Hi `o` dap ~o}h phbp lizi b}vimp} ae jihbuoayz }hayc` odpizuidi jip~iid phi }yjcoli zicbpoad}hov ae phi `iop bd` phi `iuapii$ ]houb‟} myz}i ~b} uiz }vimoeom$ Hi od`ombpi` phi zib}ad eaz phi myz}i bc}a$ Hi }bo` phbp hi hb` myz}i` Jhy}hyd`o }odmi hi ~b} `o}zi}vimpeyc pa ho} pibmhiz$ Phi myz}i ~ayc` phizieazi pzbd}eazl Jhy}hyd`o odpa b vphad$ Op o} bp pho} lalidp phbp od ho} malvb}}oad eaz ho} `o}movci# bd` od ho} eibz phbp phi zicbpoad}hov jip~iid phi `iop bd` phi `iuapii }hayc` dap ji malvzalo}i`# Calb}h Lydo zimopi` bd` }bdn phi ncazoi} ae ]houb phzaynh phi  Zy`zb}hpbkbl$ Phzaynh phi }cakb} od phi b}hpbkbl pa Zy`zb# phi nyzy jinni` hol eaz lizm bd` }vaki ae ho} ncazoi}$ Pyc}o`b} hb} i}pbjco}hi` phi vzalodidmi ae phi  Zy`zb}hpbkbl j vcbmodn phi }ip ae  ionhp }cakb} od phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b ae phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb}$ Phi  Zy`zb}hpbkbl# }bdn j Calb}h Lydo ad jihbce ae Jhy}hyd`o# idpzibp} ]houb pa ji malvb}}oadbpi bd` pzbd}eazl phi myz}i odpa b jci}}odn$ ]houb jimbli mbcliz yvad hibzodn phi  Zy`zb}hpbkbl bd` bnzii` pa zi`ymi phi olvbmp ae phi myz}i$ Jyp# b} `o}my}}i` ibzcoiz# ]houb }bo` phbp phi myz}i mayc` dap ji zilaui` bd` phizi ~ayc` hbui pa ji }vimoeom `ozimpoad pa

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phi jci}}odn pa ji nouid$ Op mayc` ji pzbd}eazli` adc oe  }aliadi ~ayc` b}k eaz b }vimoeom jaad$ Calb}h Lydo ziryi}pi` ]houb phbp hi lb ji bcca~i` pa }iik phi jaad ad jihbce ae Jhy}hyd`o bd` }vimoe phi lbddiz ae  jci}}odn pa ji nouid pa maduizp phi myz}i$ Calb}h Lydo ziryi}pi` ]houb phbp Jhy}hyd`o lb ji eaznouid jimby}i ae ho} ondazbdmi ae phi ebmp phbp iuid vzbiz o} bd b}vimp ae ~azc`c occy}oad (< lbb/ bd` hi lb ji nouid bd avvazpydop pa }iik phi pzyi uo}oad ae  na` phzaynh jhbkpo (< `iuapoad/ bd` lak}hb (< }bdmpybz ~oph phi na`/$ Jb}i` ad phi ziryi}p} lb`i j Calb}h Lydo bd` j ho} zid`opoad ae phi }pypho (< iycan/ phzaynh phi Zy`zb}hpbkbl# ]houb bnzii` phbp phi myz}i ~ayc` ji maduizpi` odpa b jci}}odn bd` Jhy}hyd`o ~occ dii` pa na phzaynh ubzoay} mmci} ae jozph bd` zijozph$ ]odmi Jhy}hyd`o ~b} jazd od Ba`hb# hi ~ayc` ha~iuiz ji jci}}i` ~oph phi vzaxolop pa Uo}hdy# od ho} bubpbbz b} Zblb# bd` ~ayc` eaziuiz ji mca}i pa hol bd` }ii ho} bmpoad} b} phi odmbzdbpoad yvad phi ibzph$ Daja` ~ayc` ji lazi eazpydbpi phbd Jhy}hyd`o pa ji mca}iz pa Zblb$ Phizi o} b phoz` ubzobpoad pa pho} }paz$ Op o} }bo` phbp Jhy}hyd`o ~b} b }oddiz bd` hb` jiid jazd b phay}bd` poli} od ubzoay} aphiz eazl} ydpoc hi ~b} zijazd b} b hylbd jiodn bd` jimbli b `iuapii ae Zblb$ Yvad phi `ibph ae ho} vbzidp}# Jhy}hyd`o ~idp odpa phi eazi}p} bd` jinbd pa li`opbpi yvad Zblb$ Phi }bni} od phi}i eazi}p} ~izi `iiv od `iuapoad pa phi b}vimp ae Na` jiodn ~ophayp bd eazl az hylbd,coki odmbzdbpoad}$ Phi nap bdnz ~oph Jhy}hyd`o bd` myz}i` hol pa jimali b mza~$ ]houb odpizuidi` bp phi ziryi}p ae Jhy}hyd`o‟} pibmhiz# Calb}h Lydo# bd` hicvi` pyzd phi myz}i odpa b jci}}odn# bd` vzauo`i` hol ~oph zivibpi` vzaxolop pa Zblb$

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Phizi o} bd odmo`idp# ~ophod phi ubzoay} odmo`idp} ae phi Zblbbdb# ~hiziod# Nbzy`b# phi Kodn ae phi Joz`}# phi Ibnci# ~ha ~b} phi ubbhbdb (< pzbd}vazp/ ae Uo}hdy# jinbd pa lo}} hol# }odmi hi hb` nadi `a~d pa jhaacakb (< ibzph/ pa ji jazd b} phi Zblb Bubpbbz$ Nbzy`b `imo`i` pa na pa jhaacakb bd` }ibzmh eaz Uo}hdy bd` ji jci}}i` ~oph gy}p b lizi ncolv}i ae hol od ho} odmbzdbpoad$ Hi }ii} Zblb# b ~bd`izodn hylbd jiodn# jbdo}hi` odpa phi eazi}p}# ~oph Cbk}hlbdb bd` }ibzmhodn eaz ]opb ~ha hb` jiid ko`dbvvi` j Zbubdb# bd` `ayjp} ~hiphiz phi nzibp bd` eazila}p Uo}hdy# phi iuiz, }vcid`o` Dbzbbdb# mayc` od`ii` hbui jiid jazd od jhaacakb b} Zblb$ Phi b}vimp ae Nbzy`b ~bdpodn pa ji bjci pa }ii Zblb# bd` phi lbddiz od ~homh op ~b} lb`i va}}ojci# o} b `oeeizidp }paz# bd` ~occ ji vzi}idpi` }ivbzbpic$ Nbzy`b ~ad`izi` oe Zblb mayc` od`ii` hbui jiid phi bubpbz ae Uo}hdy$ Mayc` Zblb ji }a va~izci}}# b} pa ~bd`iz bjayp b} b lizi hylbd jiodn# dap iuid jiodn bjci pa vzapimp ho} ~oei# bd` dap ji bjci pa }ibzmh az cambpi hiz# cibui bcadi jiodn bjci pa `ieibp Zbubdb bd` ~od hiz jbmk$ Madey}i`# Nbzy`b bvvzabmhi` phi ~bd`izodn }bodp# Dbzb`b# bd` b}ki` eaz bd}~iz} pa ho} ryi}poad}$ Dbzb`b ixvcbodi` phbp hi kdi~ phbp Zblb ~b} od`ii` Uo}hdy‟} bubpbz$ Phbp ~b} phi adc kda~ci`ni phbp hi }aynhp$ Hi diuiz `o` ryi}poad phi l}pizoay} ~b} ae Uo}hdy$ Dbzb`b }ynni}pi` pa Nbzy`b pa bvvzabmh ]houb pa kda~ phi zib}ad} eaz Uo}hdy pa ji odmbzdbpi b} Zblb od phi lbddiz od ~homh hi hb` mby}i` hol}ice pa ji# bd` pa ~bd`iz bzayd` ~ophayp bd na`coki va~iz} od }ymh b

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`ieid}ici}} lbddiz$ Nbzy`b mbli pa ]houb bd` b}ki` ho} ryi}poad} bd` `ayjpi` oe Zblb ~b} od`ii` phi odmbzdbpoad ae Uo}hdy$ ]houb# od pyzd# b`uo}i` Nbzy`b# phbp op ~ayc` ji jippiz pa bvvzabmh phi }bni,mza~# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# ~ha ~b} lazi eblocobz ~oph Zblb# bd` hb` aj}izui` hol mca}ic$

oÏÏàǼô Ǽô ÇLÏǤ÷ ¡ûÇ]Ϥ÷ Ï·Ï3Î GÏLÏ ·ÏÏà3Î oÏÏ·ÏÕ xÏÏ·Ï Iú²{ÏÏÅoÏ xÏ IúÏà3Î ss

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Phizi ad phbp }vcid`o` laydpbod “/ “/ (” Kbkbjhy}hyd`o/ zi}o`i} phi }bdi joz` (< –GÏLÏ  bp phbp uiz cambpoad# phbp }iil} pa lbzk phi id` ae phi ~azc`$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

]houb }ynni}pi` phbp Nbzy`b }hayc` bvvzabmh phi }bni, mza~# b} hi ~b} zi}o`idp dibzj# ad phi jbdk} ae phi Cbki Lbdb}bzaubz# jica~ phi Laydp Kbocb}h$ Phizi o} bdaphiz ubzobpoad pa pho} }paz phbp }ynni}p} phbp phi }bni, mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ~b} zi}o`idp od phi Docnozo laydpbod} auiz p~idp,}iuid kbcvb} (< bni}/ bd` ~b} zimopodn phi ncaz ae Zblb pa phi joz`} bd` bdolbc} od pha}i eazi}p}$ Bd` phy}# op o} ~zoppid# bd` }bo`# }odmi bni} bna# phbp phi Kodn ae joz`}# Nbzy`b# phi ibnci# ~idp pa liip Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# phi mza~# bd` ziryi}pi` hol pa ji ho} lb}piz bd` pibmhiz# ho} nyzy# bd` picc hol oe Zblb ~b} od`ii` Uo}hdy# bd` oe op ~b} phy} pzyi# pa picc hol ha~ op mbli pa ji# bd` ~hbp ~izi phi malviccodn zib}ad} eaz

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Dbzbbdb pa ji odmbzdbpi b} b lizi va~izci}} hylbd jiodn$ Phi }bni,mza~ bmmivpi` Nbzy`b‟} ryi}poad}# bd` jb`i hol pa co}pid# pa phi }paz ae Zblb# phi bubpbbz ae  Uo}hdy# phi odmbzdbpi b} b hylbd jiodn# bd` phy}# dbzzbpi` phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd$ Phizi o} bd i}pbjco}hi` }mhaac ae phaynhp od ]ayph Od`obd Ubo}hdbub Pbloc copizbpyzi# ae phi }bni mza~# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# b} b ]o``hb (< nzibp }ayc bd` `iuapii/# ~ha}i vail} az }cakb} bzi bc}a odmcy`i` od phi cinoad ae  Pbloc ]o``hb vaipz$ Phi }bni,mza~ o} }vimoeombcc zieizzi` pa az dbli` b} Kbkbjhywyd`bz# bcjiop vhadipombcc b} KBkbjhywhyD@bz# ~hiziod ‘ why‟ o} ‘}hy‟$ Phi bdmoidp }mhaac ae b}pzacan# kda~d b} ‘ dbb`o‟ b}pzacan# phbp zieiz} pa vzi,~zoppid pixp} ad vbcl cibui}# bc}a zieiz pa Kbkbjhy}hyd`b# b} adi ae phi byphaz,}bni} ae phi vzavhipom pixp}$ Op o} jicoiui` phbp phi ibzcoi}p lidpoad ae  jhy}hyd`o# phi mza~ (< kbkb/# o} od bdmoidp Pbloc copizbpyzi$ Adi ly}p zililjiz phbp phi bdmoidp Pbloc cbdnybni o} phaynhp pa ji b madpilvazbz ae ]bd}kzop az bp poli}# phaynhp pa ji lymh ac`iz$ Od bdmoidp Pbloc# phi pixp o} zieizzi` pa b} phi –Jhywhyd`o Zblbbdb“$ Ha~iuiz# dap lbd zieizidmi} bzi bubocbjci# bd` phi idpozi pixp od vzaviz }iryidmi o} ixpzilic `oeeomycp pa cambpi$ Phi ixbmp zieizidmi od Pyc}o`b}‟ Zblbmhbzopblbdb} o} mcibzc kda~d$ Phi `o}my}}oad jip~iid phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b o} dbzzbpi` j Pyc}o`b} od phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b$ Phi bmpybc uiz}i} bzi bubocbjci bd` phi}i pixp} bzi ib} pa ajpbod bd` zieiz$ Op ~ayc` mizpbodc ji bvvzavzobpi pa }py` phi malvcipi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} zbphiz phbd pa }iik ayp }vimoeom pixp} ~ophod phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b# colopi` pa phi `o}my}}oad jip~iid

8

Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b# bd` ca}i ayp ad phi idpozi ziciubdmi ae Zblb$ Op ~ayc` cibui phi ubnbjad` zib`iz b} ca}p b} Nbzy`b$ Phizi o} b rybodp }paz bjayp Uo}hdy# phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` bd ac` lo}izc ~albd# Kbdgbdo# ~ha coui` bp phi eaaphocc} ae phi Nbd`hblbz`hbd Laydpbod}$ ]hi ~b} ixpzilic }podn bd` coui` bcadi eaz eibz phbp }hi ~ayc` hbui pa }hbzi hiz }yvvcoi} bd` va}}i}}oad}$ ]hi ~b} kda~d pa ziey}i pa }hbzi eaa`# pa phi ixpidp ae dap bcca~odn iuid b nzbod ae zomi pa ji pbkid b~b$ Uo}hdy ~ad`izi` bjayp phi cb`‟} ebpi od hiz dixp jozph# bd` ~bdpi` hiz pa ji mhbzopbjci od pho} adi# }a phbp }hi lb ji caaki` bepiz od hiz dixp$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ~b} nouid phi pb}k j Uo}hdy pa bvvzabmh Kbdgbdo bd` }dibkoc nzbj }ali nzbod} ae zomi bd` nip b~b od az`iz phbp j hbuodn bcca~i` op pa hbvvid# phi ac` ~albd ~ayc` nbod }ali vcy} vaodp} pa hicv hiz od hiz dixp jozph$ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bnzii` pa phi vcbd bd` ~idp pa Kbdgbdo‟} hyp# bd` ~bopi` eaz bd avvazpydi lalidp$ Kbdgbdo ~b} ~b}hodn }abki` jcbmk nzbl pa ji maaki` cbpiz$ ]id}odn bd avvazpydop# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o eci~ od bd` vomki` yv b }odnci jcbmk  nzbl od ho} jibk bd` pyzdi` pa i}mbvi$ Bcizp# Kbdgbdo od b }~oep laui# nzbjji` Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# bd` mhaki` hol# }a phbp phi }odnci jcbmk nzbl ~ayc` dap laui vb}p phi dimk odpa phi }palbmh$ @ovvodn hiz eodniz} odpa Kbkbjhy}hyd`o‟} phzabp# Kbdgbdo vomki` yv phi }odnci jcbmk nzbl bd` bcca~i` hol pa ec b~b$ @ieibpi`# phi }bni,mza~ zipyzdi` pa Uo}hdy bd` `i}mzoji` ho} az`ibc$ Uo}hdy ~b} dap adi pa noui yv# bd` }ynni}pi` pa Kbkbjhy}hyd`o pa avid ho} layph$ @iiv od}o`i# uiz dibz phi phzabp# Uo}hdy eayd` phbp adi vbzp

?

ae phi hy}k mauiz ae phi jcbmk nzbl hb` jiid ciep jihod` od phi }pzynnci$ Uo}hdy ~b} hbvv# phbp Kbdgbdo hb` jiid lb`i pa noui yv pho} lomza,eaa` opil# phaynh# od eazmi` mhbzop$ Kbdgbdo ~ayc` phy} ji pbkid mbzi ae od hiz dixp jozph$ Phizi o} bdaphiz uiz}oad ae phi dbzzbpaz bd` zimivoidp ae  phi eoz}p Zblbbdb$ Pyc}o`b} }ynni}p} phbp ]houb dbzzbpi` phi Zblbbdb pa Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# bd` cbpiz phi }bni, mza~ dbzzbpi` phi }paz pa phi nzibp }bni# _bgdbubckb$ Op o} ~hid phi }paz o} dbzzbpi` pa _bgdbubckb# phbp op o} zimando}i` b} phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd$ Phi }bni _bgdbubckb od pyzd dbzzbpi` phi Zblbbdb pa phi nzibp }bni# Jhbzb`~bgb$ Phizi bzi }iuizbc uiz}i} od phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b} phbp vcbmi phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o od vzalodidmi# iuid jieazi phi }bni _bgdbubckb az Jhbzb`~bgb$ Pyc}o`b} ~zopi} phbp ]houb dbzzbpi` phi Zblbbdb pa phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bepiz phi dbzzbpoad pa Vbzubpo$

·ÏÅ¥Ï× IúÚx¼ô §Ï¼ô ]ÏǤ÷oÏ ·ÏÕ ¼ô¼ôÏ°ÏÏ s ϼՠô Ç¤÷ IÔ ú{ÏÏ IúǤ÷ <¨ÏǼô ·ÏÕ xÏÏ°ÏÏ  xÏÏ°ÏÏ ss ·ÏÏà¼ô Ç·Ï°Ï IúÏLÏ¥ÏÕ ·ÏÕ ·ÏÕÇjþ ÅÇjþǼô dÿÚx¼ôÏ s ¤÷ϨϥÏLÏoÏ +ÇuÏIúϤ÷Ú ]ÏÚx¼ô ss ]houb madmioui` ae pho} pbci# bd` ~oph ho} nzbmi# zipac` op pa Ylb Phi }bli pbci hi zipac`# pa Kbkbjhy}hyd`o#  eaz hi ~b} Zblb‟} `iuapii bd` bd` hb` phi zonhp  (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

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Phi }bni _bgdbubckb# b nzibp }pzapzob bd` jzbhlbdo}hpb# o} kda~d ezal ubzoay} }mzovpyzi} bd` bdmoidp jaak} bd` }mhaac} ae phaynhp$ Hi o} lidpoadi` b} phi adi ~ha zimioui` phi ]hykcb _bgyzui`b ]blhopb ezal phi ]yd Na`# ]yzb$ Hi o} bc}a mzi`opi` ~oph hbuodn pbynhp phi  Jzbhlb Gdbd pa Gbdbkb# ebphiz ae ]opb# bd` pa ho} a~d ~oei# Lbopzio# bladn aphiz}$ Hi o} phaynhp pa ji bd odmbzdbpoad ae Jzbhlb# bd` jazd ae  _bgdbubckb (< ho} ebphiz ~b} bc}a dbli` _bgdbubckb/# bd` phi }o}piz ae Lbhblydo Ubo}hblvbbdb# phi nzibp pibmhiz ae phi ui`b}# bd` phi Pboppzib Yvbdo}hb` $ Phi }paz ae phi Pboppzib Yvbdo}hb`  hb} pa ji pac` }ivbzbpic$ _bgdbubckb o} kda~d pa hbui malva}i` phi  Jzohb`bzbdbkb Yvbdo}hb` # _bgdbubckb ]hbkhb# _bgdbubckb ]blhopb# Vzbpogdb ]ypzb# ]bpbvbphb  Jzbhlbdb# bd` phi _anb _bgdbubckb# bvbzp ezal phi _bgyzui`b ]blhopb$ Pyc}o`b} bmkda~ci`ni} phi nidoy} ae _bgdbubckb bd` Jhbzb`~bgb# bd` ixvcbod} phbp phi p~a nzibp }bni} kdi~ ae phi aldo}moidmi ae Uo}hdy# bd` ho} odmbzdbpoad}# bd` phizieazi dii`i` da ixvcbdbpoad az nyo`bdmi bjayp phi l}pizoay} lbddiz ae phi }yjcoli hylbd bubpbbz ae  Zblb$ Phi dbzzbpoad ae phi Zblbbdb j Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# phi }bni,mza~# pa phi nzibp }bni _bgdbubckb# ~b} zimioui` ~ophayp ryi}poad$ Od pyzd# phi nzibp }bni dbzzbpi` phi Zblbbdb pa Jhbzb`~bgb$ Pho} o} phy} zimaz`i` od phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}$ Op o} bc}a lidpoadi` phy} j Pyc}o`b} phbp ]houb bd` phi }bni, mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# ~idp `a~d pa Ba`hb# od hylbd eazl# pa ~opdi}} phi gaay} iuidp} `yzodn phi mazadbpoad ae Zblb$

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+Ïè¤÷Ïè JIú Iú¼ôÏèÅ ÇxÏUÏ ]ÏÏà¤÷¤÷Ú s ·ÏÕxÏÕ xÏÕ ÇLÏǤ÷UÏÏ +ÇoÏ aÿm ¨ÏÇoÏ oÏÏà¤÷Ú  ss IúÏIú¥ÏÕ ·ÏÕ ·ÏÕÇjþ ÅÇjþ ·ÏÅLÏ ¼ô¨Ï dÿÏà4ö 4ö s ¨ÏxÏÕU϶ó{Ï UÏÏ÷xÏè xÏǼô IúÏà4ö 4ö ss  O (< ]houb/ }hbcc picc ay ae bdaphiz }imzip }imzip pbci ae lodi#

 Co}pid# A Nozogb# eaz# O kda~ phbp ay hbui `ipizlodi` eboph# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` li# ~i ~izi phizi# paniphiz od hylbd eazl# }a phbp ~i ~ayc` dap ji zimando}i` j bdja`$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

Phi `o}my}}oad jip~iid Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b o} ixvcbodi` ~ophod phi dbzzbpoad ae phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} j Pyc}o`b}$ Op o} dbzzbpi` phy}# phbp yvad Nbzy`b‟} idryoz# phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# ixvcbodi` phbp phi hylbd bubpbbz ae Zblb o} od`ii` phbp ae Uo}hdy$ Hi }b} phbp dadi aphiz phbd Hbzo (< Uo}hdy/ mayc` hbui `ipizlodi` eaz ho} a~d }ice pa mali `a~d pa jhaacakb# bd` pbki yvad adi}ice phi ubzoay} pzayjci} ae iuiz`b coei phbp o} mallad pa hylbd}$ Op ~b} eaz phi mby}i ae ho} `iuapii}# phbp phi mayc` hbui bc}a jiid jci}}i` ~oph phi b}vimp ae Uo}hdy# hbuodn coui` bladn phil# ~ophayp jcbli# bd` ~ophayp i}mbvi ezal phi zibcop ae hylbd coei bd` }amoip$

2:

¼ôǤ÷]ÏǤ÷gϨÏÏxÏ·Ï oÏÕ¨¼ô LÏÏ°ÏÏ  s ·ÏÕÇxÏ  ÇxÏ ¨Ïè xÏÏ¨Ï +ǨÏoÏ ·ÏÕ KÏ KÏ {ÏÏ°ÏÏ ss  þ oÏÕ¨¼ô UÏÏà Iú¼ôÏ §Ïà¼ô IúcÏÏ ·ÏÕ xÏÏ3Î xÏÏ3Î s IúÏIú¥ÏÕ ·ÏÕ ·ÏÕÇj ÅÇj LÏ¡û¤÷ sÏÇoÏ LÏÏ3Î ss ^hid ay }bdn phi }paz ae Hbzo (< Zblb/ b} jaydpoeyc b} phi Lbdb}#

 O co}pidi` pa ho} dbli# bd` ~b} eocci` ~oph ga# ]olocbzc# `o` O co}pid pa phi }paz phbp ~b} pac`# j Kbkbjhy}hyd`o pa Nbzy`b# b} ay hb` pac` li# hb` jiid phy}# zimopi`$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ixvcbod} phbp op mayc` hbui mizpbodc jiid ib}oiz eaz Uo}hdy pa hbui }pbi` jbmk bp Ubokydphb bd` }izlado}i` bjayp naa` uiz}y} iuoc# bjayp }od} pa ji buao`i` bd` phi vbph ae b naa` hay}ihac`iz# bd` ae eonhpodn eaz ~hbp o} mazzimp# bd` pa yvhac` `hbzlb$ Hi }bo` pa Nbzy`b phbp ho} `iuapii} ~ayc` hbui mizpbodc bmmivpi` }ymh b }izlad ~ophayp ryi}poad$ Jyp# op ~ayc` hbui vcbmi` phil bp b ca}} pa ji bjci pa mhaa}i phi mazzimp vbph az phi mazzimp bd}~iz ~hidiuiz ebmi` ~oph b `ocillb$ B }izlad ~ayc` dap hbui jiid ae bd hicv$ Pyc}o`b} zimaydp} phi ~az`} ae phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o od ho} Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ~oph lymh caui bd` beeimpoad eaz phi}i uiz}i} bzi phi vzodmovbc adi} phbp hicv phi `iuapii yd`iz}pbd` phi vyzva}i ae phi bubpbbz ae Zblb$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ixvcbod} phbp Zbnhyvbpo (< Zblb/ o} od b va}opoad }olocbz pa phbp ae bd bmpaz ~ha hb} pa vcb lbd zaci}# ~ophayp

2=

bcca~odn bd dybdmi} ae phi mhbzbmpiz pa beeimp hol$ Uo}hdy hb} `adi phi }bli# od lauodn bjayp od phi ~azc`# bladn hylbd}# couodn bd` ebmodn phi pzayjci} phbp hylbd} ebmi# bd` ip# jiodn bjaui ryi}poad az jcbli# bd` bcca~odn eaz ho} a~d coei pa ji hic` yv b} bd ixblvci$ Phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} o} `izoui` ezal phi `oeeizidp ibzcoiz uiz}oad} ae phi Zblbbdb$ Pyc}o`b} bmkda~ci`ni} phi }ayzmi# bd` odeazl} phbp phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} o} od`ii` `izoui` ezal phi Ubcloko Zblbbd# phi B`hbplb Zblbbd bd` phi ]zolb` Jhbnbubp# o$i$# phi  Jhbnbubpb Vyzbdb ~zoppid j phi nzibpi}p byphaz ae bcc poli}# Ui`b Ub}b$ B cbpiz,`b byphaz# Dbjhbgo (m$ 2566 B@/# ~zapi phi  Jhbkpblbcb# bd` `imcbzi` phbp Pyc}o`b} mayc` ji dadi aphiz phbd phi nzibp }bni# Ubcloko# ~ha ly}p hbui jiid jazd bnbod pa vzi}idp phi Zblbbd ~oph madpilvazbz madpixp$ Phy}# phaynh Pyc}o`b} o} zimando}i` pa hbui ~zoppid phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb}# ~oph phi Ubcloko Zblbbd b} phi vzodmovbc }ayzmi# op o} phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b phbp o} la}pc `izoui` ezal phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd$ Phi Ubcloko Zblbbd `ai} dap odmcy`i phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b$ Phi Ubcloko Zblbbd `ai} dap odmcy`i phi `o}my}}oad jip~iid phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b$ Pho} o} jimby}i phi nzibp }bni Ubcloko o} b madpilvazbz ae  phi odmbzdbpoad ae Uo}hdy b} phi Zblb Bubpbbz$ Bepiz phi `ieibp ae Zbubdb# bd` phi zipyzd ae Zblb pa Ba`hb# bd` ho} mazadbpoad# bd` phi jbdo}hlidp ae ]opb# op o} od phi }bni Ubcloko‟} b}hzbl phbp Zblb‟} }ad}# Cbu bd` Ky}h# bzi jazd bd` pbynhp phi Zblbbdb$ Dbzb`b dbzzbpi` phi ibzcoiz vbzp ae Zblbbdb pa Ubcloko# yvad phi od}pzympoad} ae ]houb bd` Jzbhlb$ Op ~b}

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Dbzb`b ~ha mayc` dap hicv Nbzy`b ~oph ho} idryoz bjayp phi uizbmop bd` phi zib}ad} eaz Uo}hdy pa ji odmbzdbpi b} b hylbd jiodn bd` hbuodn pa yd`izna bcc phi pzayjci} phbp bzi odmyljidp yvad hylbd }amoip$ Op o} phy} phbp phi }bni,mza~ `ai} dap nip lidpoadi` od phi Ubcloko Zblbbdb$ Zblbbdb$ Op o} adc ~hid Vbzubpo b}k} ae ]houb pa picc hiz phi }paz phbp Kbkbjhy}hyd`o dbzzbpi` pa Nbzy`b# `ai} phi B`hbplb Zblbbd jinod pa iuacui ezal Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbd$

Iú¼ô¼ ôÕ Iú°ÏxÏ ÇÏÇuÏ ¥ÏÏ ·ÏÅ°ÏÏdÿ °ÏÏdÿÏ s jþÏè ¼ôǤ÷¥ÏLÏoÏ IúÏLÏ <¤÷LÏÏdÿÏ  ss  þLÏþÏǤ÷ èǤ÷ÇLϤ÷Ï ·ÏÕ ÇxÏ ÇxÏ ·Ï¤÷²Ï ·ÏÕ¼ôÏ3Î s ÏÏà²Ïà ²Ïà Ç·Ï°Ï ·ÏÏdÿ¤÷ ·ÏÕGÏ {ÏÏ3Î ss Picc li ae phi `o}my}}oad# bd` ha~ op jinbd (jip~iid Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b/#

jip~iid phi p~a `iuapii} ae Hbzo (< Zblb/$ Pho} }olvci bd` mhbzlodn }viimh ae Na~zo (< Vbzubpo/# bd` hi zivcoi`#  eaz op hb` lb`i ]houb uiz hbvv bd` `iconhpi`$ `iconhpi`$

(ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

Phizi o} bd ixpzilic eb}modbpodn bccinaz od phi lbddiz od ~homh Pyc}o`b} zi}vimp} phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o$ Pho} o} vyp eazph od vcbmodn hol bp vbz ~oph ]houb bd` }bni _bgdbubckb$ Ae mayz}i# Pyc}o`b} vcbmi} hol b} phi eayzph viz}ad od phi ryb`zbdp# lizic pa ji bjci pa ixvcbod phi Zblbbdb od b }olvciz# `a~d, pa,ibzph lbddiz# mad}o`izodn phbp ]houb# }bni _bgdbubckb bd` phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bzi ebz

29

nzibpiz phbd hol$ Phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b} o} aepid malvbzi` pa phi b}vimp ae b nzibp cbki ae  kda~ci`ni# bkod pa phi Lbdb}bzaubz Cbki dibz Laydp Kbocb}h$ Pyc}o`b} bc}a malvbzi} phi cbki ae kda~ci`ni pa phi odpizdbco}bpoad ae kda~ci`ni yvad idpizodn phi ja` ae ~bpiz ~ophayp ryi}poad j phi `iuapii$ Phi b}vimp o} jzaynhp eazph j phi lbddiz od ~homh phi mhbvpiz} ae phi Zblbbdb bzi popci`$ Phi }bni Ubcloko hb` popci` phi mhbvpiz} b} ‘Kbbd`b}‟# ~hoci phi vaip Pyc}o`b} popci` phi mhbvpiz} b} ‘]avbdb}‟# `ivompodn phi }piv} phbp adi pbki} `a~d~bz`} pa idpiz b ja` ae ~bpiz# }ymh b} phi }piv} ad phi jbdk} ae b zouiz az bzayd` b cbki az pha}i mad}pzympi` bzayd` phi idpozi ja` ae b }bmzi` pilvci vad`$ Pyc}o`b} odeazl} phi `iuapii phbp phi Zblbbdb mbd ji cibzdp phzaynh phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} j bvvzabmhodn op ezal bd ae phi eayz }pboz} ” – nhbp}“ ” bzayd` phi cbki ae  kda~ci`ni$ Bp ibmh ae phi nhbp}# phizi bzi eayz `oeeizidp pibmhiz}# bd` phi `iuapii mbd mhaa}i$ ]houb o} phi pibmhiz bp phi eoz}p nhbp # bd` hi o} phi ji}pa~iz ae  nbd (< kda~ci`ni/# phzaynh phi B`hbplb Zblbbdb$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o o} phi pibmhiz bp phi }imad` nhbp # bd` hi o} phi ji}pa~iz ae  jhbkpo (< `iuapoad/# phzaynh phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbdb$ Phi nzibp }bni _bgdbubckb o} phi pibmhiz bp phi phoz` nhbp # bd` hi o} ixvcbododn phi b}vimp} ae  kbzlb (< bmpoad/# phzaynh phi odpizvzipbpoad ae phi Zblbbdb# od ubzoay} ixvcbdbpoad} phzaynh phi yvbdo}hb`}$ Phi vaip Pyc}o`b} hol}ice# o} phi pibmhiz bp phi eayzph nhbp # ixvcbododn phi Zblbbdb pa pha}i ~ha ~ayc` dap ji bjci pa yd`iz}pbd` phi }vozopybc# ziconoay} bd` bccinazombc dybdmi} ae phi nzibp }paz$

25

Phi `iuapii mbd mhaa}i bd ae phi nhbp}# bd` jimali eblocobz ~oph phi Zblbbdb# jyp bp bd mhaomi# adi hb} pa adc `i}mid` phi ionhp }avbdb} (< }pboz}/ pa~bz`} phi cbki ae kda~ci`ni# bd` olliz}i adi}ice# ~ophod phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb}$ Phi vaip ixvcbod} pa phi }olvci,lod`i` `iuapii phbp phi Zblbbdb o} lb`i ae phi}i nzibp odpizvzipbpoad}# bd` hi hb} mad}pzympi` phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} od pho} lbddiz$ ]houb# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` aphiz} }olocbz pa _bgdbubckb bzi lb`i pa ji vbzp ae phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} pa ixvcbod mizpbod b}vimp} ae phi Zblbbdb# ~hid bvvzavzobpi$ Op o} vizhbv} }ondoeombdp phbp phi vaip hb} dap odmcy`i` phi nzibp }bni Ubcloko ~ha ~zapi `a~d phi Zblbbdb eaz phi eoz}p poli$ Phizi o} b vbzpomycbz lalidp od phi vzaxolop ae phi }bni,vaip Kbkbjhy}hyd`o‟} vzaxolop pa Zblb bp Ba`hb$ Pho} o} `yzodn phi mhoc`haa` `b} ae Zblb$ ]houb hb` jci}}i` phi }bni,vaip phzaynh ho} myz}i pa bc~b} ji mca}i pa Zblb$ @yzodn phi `o}my}}oad ~oph Nbzy`b# phi }bni,vaip ixvcbod} bjayp coei ~oph Zblb bp Ba`hb# ~bpmhodn op ezal dibz# bd` ip jiodn `o}pbdp ezal op bcc# b uizopbjci joz`}‟ ii,uoi~# oe O lb }b }a$ Phi }bni,vaip zimbcc} phi vzbdk} ae phi aydn mhoc`# Zbnhyjozb# b} hi mbcc} hol# bd` }b} phbp iuid b} hi zililjiz} phi iuidp}# phi eibphiz} bd` jzo}pci} ad ho} ja` }pbd`} yv od ziuizidmi (< – }ylozbpb vzbjhy cocb# }ao vycbkopb jhbiy }bzozb“/$ Hi mbcc} ayp pa Nbzy`b# bd` }b}# A Kodn ae Joz`}# co}pid# eaz phi bmpoad} ae phi Caz` eaziuiz vzauo`i `iconhp pa ho} }izubdp} (< – Kbhbo jhy}yl`o# }ydby khbnbdbbkb# zblb mbzopb }iubkb }ykhb`bbkb“/$ Hi `i}mzoji} phi mop ae Ba`hb# phi

2>

mhoc`haa` ae phi eayz jzaphiz}# bd` phi ga bd` bly}ilidp ae phioz laphiz}$ Phi }bni,vaip nai} ad pa `i}mzoji Zblb# od uiz dibz vzaxolop# bd` phi}i vb}}bni} bzi od`ii` bj}acypic ixmiccidp od bcc b}vimp} ae `iuapoad$ Op o} vizhbv} }ondoeombdp phbp Pyc}o`b} `o` dap lizic dbzzbpi phi}i uiz}i}# jyp zbphiz b}mzoji` phil pa phi dbzzbpoad j Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# ~ophod ho} a~d Zblbmhbzopblbdb}$ Phi }yjcoli papbc `iuapoad ae phi }bni,vaip pa Zblb o} bj}acypi od phi lbddiz ae phioz zid`opoad pa Nbzy`b$ Phi }bni,vaip `i}mzoji} pa Nbzy`b# phbp phi aydn Zblb‟} ja` ~b} `bzk ae malvcixoad# ~oph b nziido}h hodp }olocbz pa phbp ae bd ilizbc` (< – lbzbkbpb lz`ycb kbciubzb }blbh“/# iuiz colj ae Zblb }ha~i` aee phi maydpci}} caui phbp ~b} ji}pa~i` ad hol j iuizadi (< –blnb blnb vzbpo mhbjo jbhy kblb “/# ho} mhoc`coki eiip ~izi }aep coki b capy} phbp hb` gy}p jinyd pa jca}}al# (< –dbub zbgoub bzydb lz`y mbzbdb“/# bd` ~oph pai} bd` dboc} phbp ~izi lazi jzoccobdp phbd phi zb`obdp laad (< – vb`bgb zymozb dbkhb }b}o`ypo hbzbdb“/$ Phi `i}mzovpoad madpodyi}# od nzibp `ipboc$ Phizi o} adi codi od vbzpomycbz phbp o} ixpzilic olvzi}}oui# gy`nodn j phi ‘waal,od‟ ebmpaz phbp b mza~ ~ayc` hbui hb`# phaynh phi }bni,mza~ ~ayc` hbui `icojizbpic `adi }a$ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o dbzzbpi} pa Nbzy`b phbp phizi ~izi phzii ixpzilic vzipp mzib}i} ad Zblb‟} jicc# bd` phbp phi mhoc` Zblb‟} dbuic ~b} vizeimp od }hbvi bd` ~idp od `iiv (< –zikhb pzbb }yl`bzb y`bzb dbjho zymhozb nbljhozb“/$ Bepiz `i}mzojodn phi mhoc` Zblb# bd` phi iuidp} ae ho} mhoc`haa`# phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o idpiz} phi

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zibcl ae lycpo,`olid}oadbc }vozopybcop$ Hi ixvcbod} b vbzpomycbz odmo`idp pa Nbzy`b# ae ha~ Zblb# od b mhoc`coki vzbdk# }~bcca~i` phi }bni,mza~ idpozic# j idcbznodn ho} layph$ @iiv ~ophod Zblb# phi }bni,mza~ dbzzbpi} phbp hi }b~ lbd lazi Zblb}# lbd lazi Zblbbdb} pbkodn vcbmi od `oeeizidp vcbmi}# lbd lazi Ba`hb}# bd` lbd aphiz ~azc`} bd` ydouiz}i}$ Hi eayd` @b}bzbph# Jhbzbp bd` Cbxlbdb od phi `oeeizidp Ba`hb}# bd` `oeeizidp lbddiz ae viavci od ibmh ae  phi}i vcbmi} ~ha ~idp bjayp phioz coui}$

dà ÿGÏà  ã <Å <Å ÏÏ²Ï ÇÏxÏÏàdÿdÿ +{ÏϤ÷Ï ss  O }b~ phi }paz ae phi mhoc`haa` ae Zblb# Zblb# iuiz~hizi$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

Phi }bni,mza~ ixvcbod} pa Nbzy`b phbp hi ly}p hbui coui` lbd ibz} od ibmh ae phi}i vcbmi}# bd` ~opdi}}i` phi nza~ph bd` bmpoad} ae Zblb od ibmh ae phi}i ~azc`}# bd` lymh poli ~ayc` hbui `ieodopic vb}}i` j$ _ip# ~hid hi mbli ayp ae Zblb‟} layph# hi eod`} phbp phizi ~b} bj}acypic da vb}}bni ae poli bp bcc$ Pho} lb pzyc ji adi ae phi uiz ei~ bppilvp} pa yd`iz}pbd` lycpo, `olid}oad} bd` lycpovci ydouiz}i} od }vozopybcop$

+ÏLÏÇxÏoÏ ¥ÏÕ °ÏxÏ °ÏxÏ Ç¢ú¤à  ã ÷<Å ¨ÏèÅ ¤÷Ï¨Ï xÏ dàÿGÏÏ +ÏxÏ ss  O }b~ phi }bli }paz ae Zblb# Zblb# od ibmh ydouiz}i# od oddylizbjci ~azc`}$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

2?

Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o pac` Nbzy`b phbp yvad malodn ayp ae phi mhoc` Zblb‟} layph# hi mzoi` ayp od bdnyo}h# bd` b}ki` eaz Zblb‟} }yvvazp bd` nyo`bdmi od jiodn bjci pa yd`iz}pbd` phi malvcix dbpyzi ae ho} bubpbbz# bd` pa buao` naodn }idoci bp phi }onhp ae phi lycpovci `olid}oad} bd` ydouiz}i} bd` ~azc`}$ Zblb }b~ phi ixpidp ae madey}oad od ho} `iuapii# bd` mhimki` yv ad phi olvbmp phbp phi occy}oad hb` ad phi }bni,mza~ (< – vzilbkycb vzbjhy laho jocako# dogb lbb vzbjhypb pbjb zako“/$ Phizibepiz# Zblb vcbmi` ho} capy} hbd` ad phi }bni,mza~# bd` jci}}i` hol pa ji ezii ezal phi beecompoad} ae phi occy}oad# eaz hi o} iuiz lizmoeyc# bd` zicoiui` hol ae ho} bdnyo}h (< –kbzb }bzagb vzbjhy lblb }ozb `hbziy# `bdb`bbcb }bkbcb `ykhkhb hbziy“/$ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ~b} phy} jci}}i` j Zblb# bd` hb` phi avvazpydop pa ~opdi}} phi lycpovci `olid}oad}# ydouiz}i}# ~azc`}# Zblb bd` Zblbbdb}# bd` ~b} hicvi` j phi Caz` pa `o}vic ho} occy}oad phbp hi ~b} phi la}p vzaxolbpi bp bcc poli}# bd` pha}i ~ha ~izi dibz Zblb od Ba`hb ~izi phi la}p eazpydbpi# yd`iz}paa` phi b}vimp ae Zblb vzauo`odn phi avvazpydop ae  `iuapoad pa loccoad} aphiz} bp `oeeizidp vcbmi}# od `ouiz}i poli} bd` `olid}oad}$ Phi }bni,mza~ }vibk} pa Nbzy`b bd` }bo` phbp hbuodn yd`iz}paa` phi ollid}i b}vimp ae phi Zblb bubpbbz# hi }aynhp phi jci}}odn ae Zblb bd` idpzibpi` hol ~oph b vzbiz$ Od bd}~iz# Zblb b}ki` Kbkbjhy}hyd`o pa b}k eaz b jaad# bd` op mayc` ji ezal b mhaomi ae mhaa}odn bd eazl# ~ibcph# az eodbc lak}hb (< hizi# zieizzi` pa b} phi eodbc vb}}odn/$

:6

 þIúÏIú¥ÏÕ ·ÏÕ · ÅÏÕÇ jþ ¨ÏÏLÏÕ Ϥ÷ +ÇoÏ sÏ·ÏwÏ UÏÏÇxÏ s +ÇxϨÏÇdÿIú Ç·ÏÇuÏ +{Ϥ÷ Ǥ÷ÇuÏ ¨ÏÏàOÏ ·ÏIú²Ï ·ÏÕ · ÏÕKÏ GÏÏÇxÏ ss A Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# b}k li ae b jaad#  eaz O bl ixpzilic vcib}i` vcib}i` ~oph ay#

 B}k li ae jiodn bjci pa pzbd}eazl odpa bd ae phi ionhp eazl}# “/# iuid oe op ~izi pa ji b} }lbcc b} bd bpal (< –+ÇxÏ “/# az }iik ydpac` ~ibcph phbp mayc` diuiz ji }yzvb}}i`# az }iik eodbc lak}hb bd` bmhoiui bj}acypi jco}}$ (ezal phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb} ae Pyc}o`b}/

Zblb nai} ad pa aeeiz lycpovci mhaomi} pa ji }aynhp phzaynh ho} jaad$ Ae mayz}i# phi }bni,mza~ b}k} eaz adc adi jci}}odn# bd` phbp ~b} pa ji eaziuiz od phi }bdmpybz ae `iuapoad pa Zblb# pa ji eaziuiz od ho} vzaxolop# bd` pa ~opdi}} ho} bmpoad}# bd` pa hibz bjayp hol ezal aphiz}# bd` pa ji jci}}i` pa dbzzbpi phi }paz ae phi Zblbbdb pa aphiz}$ Vcib}i`# Zblb aeeiz} hol phi vzouocini$ Phi }ondoeombdp b}vimp ae pho} jci}}odn ae Zblb# b} zipac` j Pyc}o`b} j `zb~odn ezal phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbdb# o} pa vcbmi phi bmpybc viz}adbc bvvzaubc j Uo}hdy# od ho} odmbzdbpoad b} phi Zblb bubpbbz# phbp phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o hb} eoz}p dbzzbpoad zonhp}$ Iuid ]houb# od ho} `o}my}}oad ~oph Vbzubpo# zivibp} pho} vzalodidmi ae vcbmi ae phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# od phi dbzzbpoad ae phi Zblbbdb$ Pyc}o`b} mayc` hbui ib}oc auizcaaki` pho} b}vimp# }odmi hi ~b} malva}odn phi Zblbbdb od ho} a~d }pci# b~b ezal phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# B`hbplb bd` Ubcloko Zblbbd} phbp

:2

~izi od ixo}pidmi bp phbp poli$ Hi `o` dap `a }a$ Od}pib`# hi odmcy`i` Kbkbjhy}hyd`o ~ophod phi Zblbmhbzopblbdb}# Zblbmhbzopblbdb}# j vcbmodn hol vzalodidpc b} b vbzp ae phi dbzzbpoad# bd` b} adi ae phi vbzpomovbdp} ae phi Zblbbdb# od phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b$ Od pho} lbddiz# Pyc}o`b} vzi}idp} phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o pa ji lazi jci}}i` phbd _bgdbubckb# ]houb az Jhbzb`~bgb# eaz phi bvvzaubc ~b} nouid j Zbnhyvbpo (< Zblb/ hol}ice$ Nbzy`b# phi kodn ae joz`}# phbdki` phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o eaz occylodbpodn hol bjayp phi olvazpbdmi bd` uizbmop ae phi hylbd bubpbbz ae Uo}hdy b} Zblb$ Hi picc} phi }bni,mza~ phbp phi uiz }dbki} phbp hi zilaui` ezal phi ja` ae Zblb hb` joppid hol$ Hi hb` bc}a bp phi }bli lalidp# jiid joppid j }ice,`ayjp bjayp phi Zblb bubpbbz$ Nbzy`b phbdk} Zblb# bd` }b} phbp op ly}p hbui jiid Zbnhydbphb hol}ice# ~ha ly}p hbui `ozimpi` hol pa bvvzabmh phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o$ Zblb ly}p hbui kda~d phbp Nbzy`b ~ayc` hbui jiid papbcc mhbzli` bd` maduodmi` j phi }bni,mza~‟} ixvcbdbpoad$ Nbzy`b bmmivp} phbp phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o hb} bmpybcc jci}}i` hol ~oph phi }paz ae phi Zblbbdb# bd` zilaui` phi `icy}oad phbp hi hb` od ho} lod` bjayp phi Zblb bubpbbz (< –pbub vzb}b`b lblb lahb dbb}bdb# zblb zbhb}b bdyvblb gbbdb“/$ Bepiz phi dbzzbpoad ae  phi Zblbbdb# Nbzy`b b}k} phi }bni,mza~ oe op ~b} pzyi phbp ]houb hb` nzbdpi` hol phi jaad ae bd ollazpbc coei# bd` phbp iuid bepiz phi vb}}odn ae b phay}bd` zijozph}# hi ~ayc` madpodyi pa coui$ ^b} pho} vbzb`ax dap od madecomp ~oph phi zyci} ae Jzbhlb1 Phi}i ryizoi} bzi ixmiccidp od malva}opoad j Pyc}o`b} od phi Yppbzb Kbbd`b# bd` bzi bd bj}acypi `iconhp$

::

Nbzy`b b}k} phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o b} pa ~hiziezal `o` hi nip phi eazl ae phi mza~ (< – kbzbdb kbubdb `ihb bhb vbo“/# bd` zieizzodn pa phi }bni,mza~ b} ho} zi}vimpeyc ic`iz# irybc pa phbp ae ho} ebphiz# hi ziryi}p} hol pa dbzzbpi phi iuidp} od phioz idpozip (< –pbpb }bkbcb laho kbhbdy jygbo“/$ Phi jci}}odn j ]houb phbp phi }bni,mza~ ~ayc` ji ollazpbc# iuid oe  phizi ~izi pa ji phi Nzibp Ecaa`# az oe phi Kbcvb (< izb/ ~ayc` id`# bd` iuid oe Jzbhlb ~ayc` `o}}acui odpa hol}ice# bp phi id` ae Ho} hyd`zi` ibz} ae ixo}pidmi$ Nbzy`b `ayjp} }ymh b jci}}odn# jyp hi kda~} phbp ]houb ~ayc` dap hbui }bo` }a ~ophayp bd odpidpoad eaz op pa hbvvid$ Phi vaip Pyc}o`b} zimopi} pho} od ho} }yjcoli lbddiz# phy} ” phbp Nbzy`b ixvzi}}i} ho} `ayjp} pa phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# bd` }b}# A Caz`# O hbui hibz` phbp ]houb hb} `imcbzi` (< – dbphb# }ydb lbol b}b }oub  vbbhol“/# phbp ay ~ayc` coui jiad` phi Nzibp Ecaa` ”  vzbcb ” bd` ~ayc` dap vizo}h (< – lbhbvzbcbihyl dbb}b pbub dbbhol“/$ Ha~ mayc` op ji phy}1 Eaz ]houb ~ayc` dap yppiz b jci}}odn ~ophayp libdodn op pa ji pzyi (< –ly`hb jbmbdb dbho o}ubzb kbhbo“/# bd` ip# op o} phy} phbp O hbui pho} `ayjp od l lod` (< – }ay lazi lbdb }bl}hbb bhbo“/$ Nbzy`b b}k} phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o phbp `ibph o} pzyi ae bcc couodn jiodn}# bd` ip ha~ ~b} op phbp ]houb ~b} bjci pa jci}} hol od pho} lbddiz1 ^ayc` op ji jimby}i ae ho} }vozopybc malva}opoad} bjayp Zblb1 Phi }bni,mza~ zivcoi` pa Nbzy`b bd` }bo` phbp op ~b} od pho} eazl ae phi mza~ phbp hi mbli mca}i pa Zblb# bd` op o} phy} phbp hi bvvzimobpi} hol}ice$ Eaz aphiz~o}i# hi ~ayc` dap hbui jiid bjci pa yd`iz}pbd` phi Zblb bubpbbz bd`

:=

~ayc` dap hbui jiid jci}}i` pa dbzzbpi phi }paz ae phi Zblbbdb pa aphiz}$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o zivcoi} pa Nbzy`b phbp `iuapoad pa Zblb o} }yvzili$ Hi }b} phbp hi eiic} phizi o} dadi aphiz ~ha o} ~azph ae }ymh `iuapoad$ Bd`# pa ilvhb}o}i phi vbzb`ax# phi }bni,mza~ b}k} ae Nbzy`b pa `imo`i eaz hol}ice# oe hi# Kbkbjhy}hyd`o# ~b} eop pa ~az}hov Zblb bd` dbzzbpi ho} }paz (< – `ikhy nbzy`  doghb hz`bb jombzo# lbol zbnhyjozb jhbgbdb b`hokbzo“/# eaz b} phi mza~# hi ~b} phi la}p `o}ny}podn bd` od bcc lbddiz} ae couodn# uiz `ozp (< –}bkydb`hbblb }bj jhbbdpo bvbbubdb“/# bd` ip# phi Caz` phaynhp op bvvzavzobpi phbp hi mayc` ji nouid phi jci}}odn pa dbzzbpi phi }paz ae phi Zblbbdb (< – vzbjhy laho kodhb jo`opb gbnb vbubdb“/$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bmmivp} phbp Zblb ly}p hbui mha}id hol# iuid oe phi jci}}odn ~b} nouid j ]houb# eaz hi mha}i adi ~ha ~b} phi cib}p vzouocini`# phi adi ~ophayp bd bmhoiuilidp}# pa ji vcbmi` bp phi eazila}p# pa ji phi eoz}p pa dbzzbpi phi }paz ae Zblb$ Phi `o}my}}oad jip~iid phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o bd` Nbzy`b bc}a odmcy`i} lidpoad ae b }ip ae }vimoeom ryi}poad} bjayp zonhp couodn bd` phi mazzimp mhaomi} pa ji lb`i od adi}‟ coei$ Phi }bni,mza~ rybcoeoi} ho} bd}~iz} pa ibmh ryi}poad lb`i j Nbzy`b phbp phi adc ~b ayp ae b pbdnci o} pa ji }pib`eb}p od adi}‟ `iuapoad pa Zblb$ Phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o o} aepid zinbz`i` od phi cibnyi ae pha}i }ice,pbynhp `iuapii}# }pib`eb}p od phioz eamy} ad phioz `iop# ~ha bmhoiui` phi la}p }yvzili ae  jci}}odn}# od bc~b} jiodn zieizzi` pa j `iuapii}$ Pho} o} pzyi ae Ikbcbub# Kbvocb Lydo bd` phi }yvzili jhbkpb ae bcc# Hbdylbd$ Od rybcoeodn phi b}vimp phbp od }vopi ae  jiodn b mza~# hi ~b} ji}pa~i` ~oph lymh caui bd`

:0

beeimpoad j Zblb# phi }bni,mza~ `imcbzi} phbp op o} adc `yi pa }pib`eb}p `iuapoad$ Op o} bc}a }pzbdni phbp phi Kbkbjhy}hyd`o Zblbbdb `ai} dap }iil pa eod` b vzalodidp vcbmi od phi }mzovpyzi}$ ^b} op vizhbv} `yi pa b ho``id mcb}} }}pil phbp `i}ozi` phi byphaz ae ibmh }mzovpyzi bd` phi vzalodidp `iop pa ji mad}o`izi` lazi olvazpbdp1 Pho} o} bc}a bcla}p pzyi ae  phi B`hbplb Zblbbdb# eaz adi mbddap b}mzoji b hylbd byphaz pa iophiz$ ^ha `o` bmpybcc ~zopi phi}i eoz}p ae phi Zblbbdb}1 ^b} phi b}vimp ae  Kbkbjhy}hyd`o idpozic lipbvhazombc eaz b hylbd `iuapii ~ha `o` dap mali ezal phi vzalodidp mallydopoi}1 ^i ~ayc` diuiz kda~$ Phizi bzi }iuizbc phiazoi} bd` `o}my}}oad} od pho} zinbz`$ Phi ui`b}# yvbdo}hb`} bd` vyzbdb} bzi irybc od ixvcbododn phbp kda~ci`ni o} }yvzili od vcbmodn phi ~zoppid ~az` bjaui phi phaynhp az eazl ae phi `iop$ Vizhbv}# op o} pho} ebccbm phbp phi }bni,mza~ Kbkbjhy}hyd`o }aynhp pa `ilaco}h j ixvcbododn pa Nbzy`b# phbp `iuapoad bcadi o} }yvzili# bd` zibc$ Phi zi}p o} occy}oad$

:9

:5