Intertek Consulting & Training
IWCF Student Exercise Book
DAY ONE 1.
Normal formation pressure gradient is generall assumed to !e" #. B. C. D.
.$% psi'ft .($ psi'ft .)* psi'ft .465 psi/ft (Correct Answer)
Normal formation pressure gradient gradient (US Gulf Coast) = .465 psi/ft +.
,eferring to t-e last uestion/ 0-at mud 0eig-t 0ould !e reuired to B##NCE normal formation pressure2 #. B. C. 5.
%.)) ppg 13.4( ppg 8.94 ppg (Correct Answer) *.+) ppg
Mud Density ppg = Normal pressure gradient gradient psi/ft ÷ Constant .4! ÷ ."!# = 8.94 ppg ).
W-at mud 0eig-t is reuired to B##NCE a formation pressure of +/%)3 psi at (/$+3 ft. T652 #. B. C. 5.
%.4 ppg 10.4 ppg (Correct Answer) 13.+ ppg %. ppg
$%uation &' Mud Density ppg = ressure psi ÷ *+D ft ÷ "."!# #,'" ÷ !4#" ÷ "."!# = 10.4 ppg
$.
If t-e fluid le7el dropped ((3 feet in a %/33 foot -ole containing 13. ppg mud/ 0-at 0ould t-e -drostatic pressure !e2 #. B. C. 5.
(/(% psi 4,988 psi (Correct Answer) (/4$) psi (/133 psi
-luid eel = ,0"" ft 1 !!" ft = ,"!" *+D ft $%uation &2 3ydrostati ressure psi = Mud Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft 2". 5 "."!# 5 ,"!" = 4,988 psi
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(.
W-at is t-e primar means of pre7enting kicks2 80-at is 9primar: 0ell control; #. B. C. 5.
.
T-e slo0 circulating rate used in t-e kill process The se of !" h#"rost$tics to %$&$nce f&i" pressre in the for!$tion (Correct Answer) T-e use of !lo0out pre7enters to close in a 0ell t-at is flo0ing T-e use of pit 7olume and flo0 rate measuring de7ices to recogni
T-e part of t-e sstem pressure loss 8standpipe pressure; t-at is exerted on t-e formation is" #. B. C. 5.
=ressure loss of t-e surface euipment 'ressre &oss in the $nn&s (Correct Answer) =ressure loss t-roug- t-e drill string =ressure loss t-roug- t-e !it
DATA FOR QUESTION 7 >ud 0eig-t T65 >5 Surface euipment pressure loss 5rill string pressure loss Bit no<
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
13.) ppg 11/33 feet 1+/(33 feet 133 psi .34 psi'ft 1(33 psi .3+ psi'ft
W-at is t-e circulating pressure2 #. B. C. 5.
1/33 psi *3 psi ,850 psi (Correct Answer) )/333 psi
Cirulating si = Surf $%uip ress oss 6 Drill String ress oss 6 7it No88le ress oss 6 9nn ress oss 2"" psi 6 (.": psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) 6 2!"" psi 6 (."# psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) = ,850 psi 4.
W-at is t-e !ottom -ole pressure 0-ile circulating2 #. B. C. 5.
/$$( psi 6,46 psi (Correct Answer) +* psi /%$( psi
$%uation &2 3ydrostati ressure psi = Mud Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft 2".' 5 "."!# 5 220"" = #2' psi 7ottom 3ole ressure psi = 3ydrostati ressure psi 6 9nnular ressure oss #2' psi 6 (."# psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) = 646 psi
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(.
W-at is t-e primar means of pre7enting kicks2 80-at is 9primar: 0ell control; #. B. C. 5.
.
T-e slo0 circulating rate used in t-e kill process The se of !" h#"rost$tics to %$&$nce f&i" pressre in the for!$tion (Correct Answer) T-e use of !lo0out pre7enters to close in a 0ell t-at is flo0ing T-e use of pit 7olume and flo0 rate measuring de7ices to recogni
T-e part of t-e sstem pressure loss 8standpipe pressure; t-at is exerted on t-e formation is" #. B. C. 5.
=ressure loss of t-e surface euipment 'ressre &oss in the $nn&s (Correct Answer) =ressure loss t-roug- t-e drill string =ressure loss t-roug- t-e !it
DATA FOR QUESTION 7 >ud 0eig-t T65 >5 Surface euipment pressure loss 5rill string pressure loss Bit no<
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
13.) ppg 11/33 feet 1+/(33 feet 133 psi .34 psi'ft 1(33 psi .3+ psi'ft
W-at is t-e circulating pressure2 #. B. C. 5.
1/33 psi *3 psi ,850 psi (Correct Answer) )/333 psi
Cirulating si = Surf $%uip ress oss 6 Drill String ress oss 6 7it No88le ress oss 6 9nn ress oss 2"" psi 6 (.": psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) 6 2!"" psi 6 (."# psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) = ,850 psi 4.
W-at is t-e !ottom -ole pressure 0-ile circulating2 #. B. C. 5.
/$$( psi 6,46 psi (Correct Answer) +* psi /%$( psi
$%uation &2 3ydrostati ressure psi = Mud Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft 2".' 5 "."!# 5 220"" = #2' psi 7ottom 3ole ressure psi = 3ydrostati ressure psi 6 9nnular ressure oss #2' psi 6 (."# psi/ft 5 2#0!""md) = 646 psi
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%.
W-at is meant ! #!normal =ressure 8o7er?pressure; 0it- regard to fluid pressure in t-e formation2 #. B. C. D.
13.
T-ick sandstone sections -n"erco!p$cte" sh$&e (Correct Answer) Faults Aplift and erosion
# gas !earing formation is o7er pressured ! an artesian effect. W-ic- of t-e follo0ing conditions -as created t-e o7erpressure2 A. B. C.
1).
T-ick sandstone sections Insufficient mud 0eig-t *or!$tion f&i"s spporting p$rt of the oer%r"en (Correct Answer) #ll of t-e a!o7e
T-roug-out t-e 0orld/ 0-at is t-e most common cause of a!normal formation pressures2 #. B. C. 5.
1+.
T-e excess pressure due to circulating mud at -ig- rates T-e excess pressure t-at needs to !e applied to cause leak?off into a normall pressured formation @ig- densit mud used to create a large o7er!alance *or!$tion f&i" pressre th$t e+cee"s nor!$& for!$tion w$ter h#"rost$tic pressre (Correct Answer)
#!normal formation pressures can !e caused !2 #. B. C. 5.
11.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
A for!$tion w$ter sorce &oc$te" $t $ higher &ee& th$n the rig f&oor. (Correct Answer) T-e difference in densit !et0een formation gas and formation liuid. Compaction of t-e formation ! s-allo0er/ o7erling formations.
T-e gas'0ater gas'0ater contact in t-is 0ell occurs at )%(3 feet 0-ere a formation pressure gradient of .$$ psi'ft exists. 8as gradient of .1 psi'ft; W-at is t-e pressure at t-e top of t-e gas reser7oir at )$*3 ) $*3 feet2 #. B. C. 5.
13( psi 113 psi 185 psi (Correct Answer) 14)) psi -ormation ressure ressure psi = -ormation ressure ressure gradient 5 *+D * +D ft .44 psi/ft 5 ',!" ft = 2:'' psi Gas ressure psi = Gas gradient 5 *+D ft .2 psi/ft 5 (',!" ft 1 '4;" ft) = 4: psi *op of
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1$.
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing statements !est descri!es formation porosit2 A. B. C. 5.
1(.
T-e ratio of t-e pore spaces to t-e total 7olume of t-e rock The $%i&it# of f&i" $n" g$s to !oe within $ roc (Correct Answer) T-e presence of sufficient 0ater 7olume to pro7ide gas lift #ll of t-e a!o7e
W- is a +3 !!l kick in a small annulus more significant t-an a +3 !!l kick in a large annulus2 #. B. C. 5.
1*.
The r$tio of the pore sp$ces to the tot$& o&!e of the roc (Correct Answer) T-e a!ilit of t-e fluid and gas to mo7e 0it-in t-e rock T-e presence of sufficient 0ater 7olume to pro7ide gas lift #ll of t-e a!o7e
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing statements !est descri!es formation permea!ilit2 #. B. C. 5.
1.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
T-e kill 0eig-t mud cannot !e easil calculated t res&ts in higher $nn&$r pressres (Correct Answer) T-e kicks are usuall gas T-e pipe is more prone to getting stuck
W-ile tripping out of t-e -ole t-e 0ell is s0a!!ed in. T-e mud 0eig-t is 13 ppg and t-e 0ell dept- is 13/(33 feet. T-e formation pressure is ($13 psi. If t-e s0a! pressure is 1+( psi and t-e formation -as sufficient permea!ilit/ 0ill t-e 0ell flo02 A. B.
23 N
(Correct Answer)
$%uation &2 1 3ydrostati ressure psi = Mud Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft nitial> 3ydrostati ressure psi = 2" 5 "."!# 5 2"0!"" = !4" psi 9fter pi?ing up> 3ydrostati ressure psi = !4" 1 2#! = !''! psi -ormation ressure psi = !42" psi -ormation ressure psi @ 3ydrostati ressure psi 14.
# -ea7 mud pill is circulated in t-e 0ell 0it-out stopping t-e pump at an time. #t 0-at moment 0ill B@= start to increase2 #. B. C.
#s soon as t-e pill starts to !e pumped into t-e drill pipe nce t-e pill is in t-e annulus nce the pi&& st$rts to %e "isp&$ce" into the $nn&s (Correct Answer)
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1%.
# lig-t pill is circulated into t-e 0ell 0it-out stopping t-e pump at an time. #t 0-at moment 0ill B@= start to decrease2 #. B. C.
+3.
T-e standpipe gauge is situated at a -ig-er ele7ation t-an t-e pump gauge The "#n$!ic pressre &oss fro! the p!p to the st$n"pipe (Correct Answer) T-e -drostatic pressure of t-e mud in t-e standpipe
T-e principle in7ol7ed in t-e CANS*9N* 7A**AM 3A$ <$SSU<$ met-od of 0ell control is to maintain a pressure t-at is" #. B. C. 5.
++.
#s soon as t-e pill enters t-e drill pipe nce t-e pill -as !een displaced into t-e annulus nce the pi&& st$rts to %e "isp&$ce" into the $nn&s (Correct Answer)
W-en pumping/ t-e standpipe pressure 0ill !e slig-tl lo0er t-an t-e pressure at t-e pump. W-at is t-e most likel reason for t-is2 #. B. C.
+1.
Eual to t-e slo0 circulating rate pressure At &e$st e$& to for!$tion pressre (Correct Answer) Eual to t-e SI5== #t least eual to t-e SIC=
If t-e cuttings load in t-e annulus 0as -ig- and t-e 0ell is s-ut in on a kick. 8#ns0er DES or N to eacuestion.; #. Would t-e drill pipe pressure !e -ig-er t-an in a 9clean: 0ell2 B. Would t-e casing pressure !e -ig-er t-an in a 9clean: 0ell2 C. Would t-e casing pressure !e lo0er t-an in a 9clean: 0ell2
+).
IWCF Student Exercise Book
7 7 23
T-e mud 0eig-t is 13.+ ppg. #t 13/333 feet t-e !it -as drilled into a salt 0ater
$%uation &2 @drostatic =ressure psi >ud 5ensit ppg x 3.3(+ x T65 ft 13.+ x 3.3(+ x 13/333 ()3$ psi SI5== Formation =ressure G @drostatic =ressure (3 psi G ()3$ psi 1256 psi
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+$.
T-ere 0ill !e little or no difference !et0een t-e SI5== and SIC= as long as t-e influx stas in t-e -ori
+(.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
The inf&+ h$s &itt&e or no effect on the h#"rost$tic he$" in the $nn&s whi&e it is in the horiont$& section of the ho&e (Correct Answer) In -ori
5uring normal drilling operations a )3 !!l slug of lig-t fluid is pumped into t-e drill string follo0ed ! original drilling fluid. WELL DATA
Well dept- T65 5rill pipe capacit riginal fluid densit ig-t fluid densit
%33 feet .31*4 !!l'ft 1+.) ppg 13.( ppg
Calculate t-e !ottom -ole pressure once t-e lig-t slug is in t-e drill pipe. #. B. C. 5.
1(4 psi 6,140 psi (Correct Answer) (/%4+ psi $/**% psi
$%uation &2 1 3 = Ariginal >ud 5ensit ppg x 3.3(+ x T65 ft Bottom @ole =ressure psi 1+.) x 3.3(+ x %33 6140 psi T-e annulus consists of t-e original mud densit onl. T-e lig-t fluid slug in t-e drill pipe 0ill not affect t-e !ottom -ole pressure. W-at -appens in t-e drill pipe stas in t-e drill pipe.
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+.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
W-ile drilling a se7ere loss of returns occurs. #fter t-e pumps 0ere stopped it 0as o!ser7ed t-at t-e fluid le7el in t-e 0ell dropped far !elo0 t-e flo0 line. T-e 0ell 0as t-en filled to t-e top 0it- sea 0ater. 5rilling fluid densit Sea 0ater densit Eui7alent -eig-t of sea 0ater
13.) ppg 4.( ppg +$3 feet
W-at is t-e reduction in -drostatic pressure after t-is action compared to !efore t-e losses occurred2 #. B. C. 5.
+*.
+4.
$3* psi 14% psi psi 1* psi
$%uation &2 nitial> 3ydrostati ressure = -luid Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft 2".' 5 "."!# 5 #4" = 2#: psi 9fter Displaed B/ S> 3ydrostati ressure = -luid Density ppg 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft :.! 5 "."!# 5 #4" = 2" psi
1) )'4: 1 l!s'ft casing is !eing run in t-e -ole 0it- a con7entional float 7al7e. T-e casing capacit is .1(+1 !!l'ft. 5ue to a pro!lem 0it- t-e fill up line/ t-e casing 0as not filled. T0el7e $3 foot Hoints are run in t-e -ole. If t-e float 7al7e suddenl 0ere to fail/ -o0 0ould t-is affect !ottom -ole pressure2 T-e mud 0eig-t is 11.( ppg and t-e annular capacit is .1+$ !!l'ft. #.
B@= decreases ! *) psi
B.
B' "ecre$ses %# 158 psi
C. 5.
B@= decreases ! +$ psi B@= decreases ! $43 psi
$%uation &'" 3 oss if Casing -loat -ails =
. . . . ( ! " = 158 psi . .!
# gas kick is taken 0it- t-e !it on !ottom 0-ile drilling a 7ertical 0ell. Well dept1)/%$3 feet T65 Casing s-oe 11/(33 feet T65 >ud Weig-t 1).$ ppg Formation =ressure radient .*1( psi'ft 5rill =ipe Capacit .31*( !!l'ft @eig-t of t-e influx $+( feet Influx gradient .1( psi'ft W-at 0ill t-e expected pressure at t-e casing s-oe !e after t-e 0ell is s-ut in and pressures -a7e sta!ili
$(% psi 4+3) psi 8499 psi (Correct Answer) *(( psi
Formation =ressure psi .*1( x 1)/%$3 %%* psi as =ressure psi .1( x $+( $ psi J 3 of mud eloB asing sEoe = 2'.4 5 "."!# 5 #"2! = 24"4 psi F 8%%* ? $ G 1$3$; 8499 psi
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+%.
# gas kick -as !een circulated out. #t t-e time t-e gas reac-es t-e casing s-oe at )1+ feet T65 t-e pressure at t-e top of t-e !u!!le is ++33 psi. If t-e W> is 11. ppg/ 0-at is t-e casing pressure at t-e surface2 A. B. C. 5.
)3.
The ti!e reire" for srf$ce pressres to st$%i&ie (Correct Answer) T-e calculated kill mud densit T-e Initial Circulating =ressure The sie of the inf&+ in the we&&%ore (Correct Answer) T-e s-ut in drill pipe pressure
In 0-ic- of t-e follo0ing cases 0ould ou most likel s0a! in a kick2 #. B. C.
)).
=ump at a reduced rate 0-ile mixing C> Continue drilling !lind Close t-e 0ell in and c-eck for pressures Begin fi&&ing the $nn&s with f&i" (w$ter) noting how !$n# %$rre&s $re reire" to fi&& the ho&e (Correct Answer)
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing 0ould !e affected ! t-e permea!ilit of a formation from 0-ic- a kick occurred2 (*A 9NS$
)+.
14 psi (Correct Answer) 3 of mud aoe asing sEoe = 22. 5 "."!# 5 '2# = 2:: psi F Gas ressure 1 3 of mud aoe asing sEoe F = Casing ressure $$+ psi ($+ psi ##"" 1 2:: = 14 psi (3 psi
T-e flo0 sensor s-o0s a total loss of returns. Dou pick up and c-eck for flo0. T-e mud le7el in t-e -ole is out of sig-t. W-at action 0ould ou take2 #. B. C. D.
)1.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
W-en t-e !it is pulled into t-e casing :hen the first few st$n"s $re %eing p&&e" off %otto! (Correct Answer) #!out -alf0a out of t-e -ole
W-ic- *3<$$ of t-e follo0ing practices are likel to increase t-e c-ance of s0a!!ing2 #. B. C. 5. 3. F.
=ulling pipe slo0l ;$int$ining high !" iscosit# (Correct Answer) '&&ing throgh tight spots with the p!p off (Correct Answer) =ulling t-roug- tig-t spots 0it- t-e pump on '&&ing pipe ic&# (Correct Answer) =umping out of t-e -ole
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)$.
In 0-ic- of t-e follo0ing circumstances 0ould a kick !e most likel to occur t-roug- failure to fill t-e -ole2 #. B. C.
)(.
W-en t-e first fe0 stands are pulled off !ottom :hen p&&ing the "ri&& co&&$rs (Correct Answer) W-en t-e drill collars enter t-e casing
W-ile pulling out of t-e -ole it is noticed t-at mud reuired to fill t-e -ole is less t-an calculated. W-at action must !e taken2 #. B. C. 5. E.
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
Flo0 c-eck. If negati7e/ displace a 133 foot -ea7 slug into t-e annulus and continue to pull out of t-e -ole *&ow chec. f neg$tie, rn/ strip %$c to %otto! $n" !onitor retrns (Correct Answer) =ump remaining stand out of t-e -ole Flo0 c-eck. If negati7e/ continue pulling t-e pipe out of t-e -ole S-ut t-e 0ell in and circulate t-e -ole clean
T-e driller is tripping pipe out of a 1+ K: diameter -ole. +( L %+ foot stands of (: pipe -a7e !een remo7ed. T-ere are 4( more stands to pull. T-e calculated displacement of t-e % M: collars is .34 !!l'ft. T-e capacit of t-e drill pipe is .31** !!l'ft and t-e metal displacement is .33*( !!l'ft. T-e trip tank 7olume -as reduced from +* !!l to 1( !!l. W-at action s-ould !e taken in t-is situation2 #. B. C. D. E.
Flo0 c-eck. If negati7e continue to pull S-ut t-e 0ell in and circulate t-e -ole clean Flo0 c-eck. If negati7e/ displace a 133 foot -ea7 slug into t-e annulus and continue to pull out of t-e -ole *&ow chec. f neg$tie, retrn %$c to %otto! $n" !onitor retrns (Correct Answer) =ump t-e remaining stands out of t-e -ole
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)*.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
# 0ell 0as drilled to a T65 of 4/+33 feet. Casing S-oe T65 >ud 5ensit pen @ole Capacit =ipe >etal 5isplacement Casing Capacit =ore =ressure engt- of 1 stand
$/(33 feet 1).% ppg .3*3+ !!l'ft .3343 !!l'ft .1(* !!l'ft .*33 psi'ft %) feet
@o0 man FA ST#N5S 8complete stands; of drill pipe can t-e driller pull dr BEF,E t-e -ole le7el reduces t-e !ottom -ole pressure enoug- to cause t-e 0ell to go under!alanced2 51 Stands
Aeralane psi = 3ydrostati ressure 1 -ormation ressure (2'., 5 "."!# 5 :#"") 1 (.;"" 5 :#"") = 2:; psi
#$% ( & '" ' )* (.*&.)" (+., .".) $414 ft %) ft'std 51.8 st!"s
$%uation engtE of dry pipe pulled out of Eole =
)4.
Dou are pulling out of t-e -ole. T0o %)O stands of 4: drill collars -a7e !een stood !ack in t-e derrick. T-e displacement is .3($% !!l'ft. #ccording to our #ssistant 5riller (.1 !!l s-ould !e pumped into t-e 0ell. It onl takes ( !!l to fill t-e -ole. 8#ns0er DES or N to eac- uestion; #. #re t-e calculations correct2 7 Displaement ls =engtE 5 DC Displaement l/ft (,' ft 5 #) 5 ."!4, l/ft = 2".# ls B. @a7e ou taken a ( !!l influx2 23 C. #ll P/ keep going2 7
)%.
If t-e driller pulls $33 feet of 4: L + 1)'1: collars from t-e -ole/ including t-e !it/ 0it-out filling t-e -ole/ 0-at 0ould !e t-e reduction in !ottom -ole pressure2 >ud 0eig-t Casing capacit >etal displacement
11.4 ppg .1($( !!l'ft .3($( !!l'ft
86.5 psi
$%uation &## eel Drop ulling Drill Collars =
(- ' %%" ( / 001 23 " (! .!" = 242 ft (.!"
3ydrostati ressure
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
DATA FOR QUESTIONS 40 # 40$ %ELOW
5rill pipe capacit 5rill pipe displacement #7erage stand lengt-
.31** !!l'ft .33* !!l'ft %) feet
Calculate" $3a.
>ud reuired to fill t-e -ole per stand 0-en pulling dr. . !!l
Displaement = ,' ft 5 .""; = . %%& $3!.
>ud reuired to fill t-e -ole per stand 0-en pulling 0et. .5 !!l
Displaement = ,' ft 5 (.""; 6 ."2;;) = .5 %%&s $1.
as cut drilling mud normall does not reduce !ottom -ole pressure enoug- to cause a 0ell to kick. But B@= is reduced most 0-en" A. B. C. 5.
The g$s is ne$r the srf$ce (Correct Answer) T-e gas is at or near !ottom T-e gas is a!out -alf0a up t-e -ole #ll are a!out t-e same
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
Dt &'( )*+sti'!s 42, 4-, 44, =rior to pulling out of t-e -ole from a dept- of 13/$4( feet T65/ t-e pipe is full of 13.$ ppg mud. T-e pipe capacit is .31** !!l'ft. # +( !!l slug 0eig-ing 1+.3 ppg is pumped into t-e drill pipe causing t-e le7el to drop inside t-e drill pipe.
$+.
W-at is t-e drop in !ottom -ole pressure due to pumping t-e slug into position2 #. B. C. 5.
$).
+( psi 0 psi (Correct Answer) 11* psi 1)( psi
@o0 man !!l of mud 0ill !e o!ser7ed in t-e mud pits due to t-e A?Tu!e 8!ackflo0; effect2 #. B. C. 5.
).+$ !!l .85 %%& (Correct Answer) $.*( !!l .+ !!l
4
5 '/
$%uation &#: 1 it Gain to Slug U*uing ls = Slug +olume ls 5 ' '/ #! 5
$$.
6 78
4. .! 6 78 9 #:.:! (#! ls slug olume) = .85 %%&s g$in in pits
@o0 man feet of dr pipe 0ill t-ere !e after t-e slug is in position2 #. B. C. 5.
14+ feet 1 feet (Correct Answer) +* feet )(+ feet
Gain in pit olume ls ÷ Drill pipe apaity ls/ft = Dry ipe ft '.:! ÷ "."2;; = 1 ft $(.
W-ic- *A of t-e follo0ing indications suggest t-at mud -drostatic pressure and f ormation pressure are almost eual2 #. B. C. 5. E.
Increase in flo0 out of t-e 0ell ncre$sing %$cgron" g$s, trip g$s, $n" connection g$s (Correct Answer) Te!per$tre $no!$&ies (Correct Answer) =it gain #ll of t-e a!o7e
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$.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
=rior to starting to =@ a -ea7 slug 0as pumped into t-e drill pipe. 5#T#" 5rill pipe capacit .31*$ !!l'ft #nnulus capacit 85='Csg; .3(13 !!l'ft 5ensit of drilling fluid 1).+ ppg 5ensit of slug 1.( ppg 6olume of slug inside t-e drill pipe +3 !!l Well dept%/33 feet Ase t-e data to calculate t-e 7ertical distance !et0een t-e drilling fluid le7el in t-e drill pipe and in t-e flo0 line after t-e slug -as !een pumped. A. B. C. 5.
8 feet (Correct Answer) +*3 feet +3* feet )+ feet
:;<= >?@ABCD EE= 4>FB;;B@= G
?@ABCD EE= 6 7 8
$%uation &#: 1 it Gain to Slug U*uing ls = Slug +olume ls 5 #" 5
4I. +. 6 78 9 #! (#" ls slug olume) = ! ls gain
Gain in pit olume ls ÷ Drill pipe apaity ls/ft = Dry ipe ft ! ÷ "."2;4 = 8 ft 47.
Which of the following can be considered the SECOND RELIABLE indication that an influx has entered the well while drilling? #. B. C. D. E.
$4.
as cut mud # drilling !reak # decrease in pump pressure =$in in pit o&!e (Correct Answer) C-ange in t-e nature of t-e cuttings
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing 0ould not !e a 0arning sign t-at t-e !ottom -ole pressure is approac-ing formation pressure2 (AN$ 9NS$<) #. B. C. 5.
arge crescent s-aped cuttings :e&& f&owing with p!ps off (Correct Answer) Increase in c-loride content of t-e mud Increase in connection gas
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$%.
# driller o!ser7es a 0arning sign of a kick. W- is it !etter to continue pumping 0-ile raising t-e pipe to s-ut in position2 #. B. C. 5.
(3.
A g$s ic in oi&%$se" !" (Correct Answer) # gas kick in 0ater?!ased mud
W-ile drilling along at a stead rate t-e derrickman calls to ask if t-e mud pumps can !e slo0ed do0n so t-e s-akers can -andle t-e increase in t -e cuttings coming !ack in t-e mud returns. W-at 0ould !e t-e safest course of action2 #. B. C. D.
(+.
To minimi
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing situation 0ould !e more difficult to detect2 A. B.
(1.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
C-eck for flo0 G if none/ t-en continue at t-e same rate allo0ing t-e excess to !?pass t-e s-akers and get caug-t on t-e sand trap 0-ic- can !e dumped later Slo0 do0n t-e mud pumps until t-e s-akers can -andle t-e 7olume of cuttings in t-e returns as reuested ! t-e derrickman C-eck for flo0 G if none/ t-en return to t-e original drilling parameters Chec for f&ow > if none, then circ&$te %otto!s p $t $ re"ce" r$te so the sh$ers c$n h$n"&e cttings o&!e, f&ow chec perio"ic$&&# "ring circ&$tion (Correct Answer)
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing is t-e -
Increase in torue as cut mud 5ecrease in pump pressure ncre$se in f&ow r$te (Correct Answer)
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().
f t-e follo0ing 0arning signs/ 0-ic- *A 0ould lea7e little room for dou!t t-at t-e 0ell is kicking2 #. B. C. 5. 3. F.
($.
Flo0line temperature increase Increase in rotar torue *&ow r$te incre$se (Correct Answer) 5ecreased string 0eig-t 'it o&!e g$in (Correct Answer) Increase in rate of penetration
It can !e said t-at closing in t-e 0ell promptl is one of t-e most important duties of a driller. #n dela ma make t-e 0ell potentiall more difficult to kill. From t-e list of practices !elo0/ c-oose t-e SH MAS* I$J to lead to an increase in t-e si
((.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
witching off the f&ow !eter $&$r!s (Correct Answer) ,egular !riefings for t-e derrickman on -is duties regarding t-e monitoring of pit le7els Dri&&ing $ frther 0 feet $fter $ "ri&&ing %re$ %efore checing for f&ow (Correct Answer) ,unning regular pit drills for cre0s >aintaining sta!?in 7al7es Testing sta!?in 7al7es during regular B= tests 3+c&"ing the "r$wwors fro! the C? $ssign!ent (Correct Answer) Peeping air pressure at t-e c-oke panel at 13 psi C$&&ing the too& psher to the f&oor prior to shtting in the we&& (Correct Answer) 7ot ho&"ing "own the !$ster $ir $&e on the re!ote B' contro& p$ne& whi&e fnctioning $ preenter (Correct Answer)
W-ic- *A of t-e follo0ing drilling practices s-ould !e considered 0-en connection gas is noticed2 #. B. C. 5. 3.
=ump a lo0 7iscosit pill around t-e !it to assist in reduction of !alled !it or sta!ili
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(.
W-ile tripping in t-e actual 7olume of mud displaced is less t-an t-e calculated 7olume. W-at could cause t-is2 #. B. C.
(*.
,e7erse circulating ,eading t-e SI5== Cuttings flo0!ack on connections Surge pressure
#d7antage #d7antage A"$nt$ge #d7antage
Dis$"$nt$ge Dis$"$nt$ge 5isad7antage Dis$"$nt$ge
#fter a round trip at 4%3 feet 0it- 13.% ppg mud 0e kick t-e pump in and start circulating. #n increase in flo0 is noticed and t-e 0ell is s-ut in 0it- 3 psi on t-e drill pipe and )33 psi on t-e casing. W-at is t-e reuired mud 0eig-t to kill t-e 0ell2 8t-ere is no float in t-e drill string; #. B. C. 5.
3.
'ic p $n" st$% the e&&#/ top "rie (Correct Answer) ,un !ack to !ottom Close t-e annular pre7enter Sta! a full opening safet 7al7e
W-at are t-e ad7antages'disad7antages of using float in t-e drill string2 #. B. C. 5.
(%.
T-e 0ell is flo0ing # kick ma -a7e !een s0a!!ed in A for!$tion is t$ing f&i" (Correct Answer)
If flo0 t-roug- t-e drill pipe occurs 0-ile tripping/ 0-at s-ould !e t-e first action to take2 A. B. C. 5.
(4.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
No 0a of kno0ing 11.( ppg 10.9 ppg (Correct Answer) 1+.3 ppg
W-at 0as t-e most pro!a!le cause of t-e influx in t-e last uestion2 #. B. C. 5.
#!normal formation pressure T-e mud 0eig-t 0as not -ig- enoug- to contain formation pressure The we&& w$s sw$%%e" in or the ho&e w$s not $"e$te&# fi&&e" "ring the trip (Correct Answer) ItOs impossi!le to tell !ased on t-e information gi7en
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1.
W-ile tripping out of t-e -ole a kick 0as taken and a full !ore kell cock 8full opening safet 7al7e; 0as sta!!ed and closed. # safet 7al7e 8inside B=; 0as made up to t-e top of t-e kell cock prior to stripping in. #ns0er DES or N to eac- uestion. #. B.
+.
Fres- 0ater Salt 0ater il =$s (Correct Answer)
# gas kick is !eing circulated up t-e -ole. W-at is t-e surface pit 7olume most likel to do2 A. B. C.
(.
'$rti$& &oss of circ&$tion (Correct Answer) Total loss of circulation # kick -as !een taken T-e 0ell -as !een s0a!!ed in
#fter t-e 0ell -as sta!ili
$.
S-ould t-e kell cock !e closed2 7 If t-e kell cock is left in t-e open position/ can a 0ireline !e run inside t-e drill string2 7
W-ile running pipe !ack into t-e -ole/ it is noticed t-at t-e normal displacement of mud into t-e trip tank is less t-an calculated. #fter reac-ing !ottom and commencing circulation t-e return flo0 meter is o!ser7ed to reduce from (3Q to $+Q. # pit loss of + !!l is noted. W-at is t-e most likel cause of t-ese indications2 A. B. C. 5.
).
IWCF Student Exercise Book
ncre$se (Correct Answer) Sta t-e same 5ecrease
#fter s-utting in on a kick t-e SI5== and SIC= pressures -a7e !een sta!le for 1( minutes t-en t-e !ot- start slo0l rising ! t-e same amount. W-ic- one of t-e follo0ing is t-e cause2 #. B. C. 5.
#not-er influx -as entered t-e 0ell The inf&+ is !igr$ting (Correct Answer) T-e gauges are fault T-e B= stack is leaking
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.
W-ile preparing to circulate kill 0eig-t mud/ t-e gas !u!!le !egins to migrate. If no action is taken/ 0-at 0ill t-e pressure in t-e gas !u!!le do as gas rises2 #. B. C.
*.
ncre$se (Correct Answer) 5ecrease ,emain approximatel t-e same
W-at 0ill -appen to t-e pressure at t-e casing seat2 A. B. C.
*3.
ncre$se (Correct Answer) 5ecrease ,emain approximatel t-e same
W-at 0ill -appen to SIC=2 A. B. C.
%.
Increase 5ecrease ?e!$in $ppro+i!$te&# the s$!e (Correct Answer)
W-at 0ill -appen to !ottom -ole pressure2 A. B. C.
4.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
ncre$se (Correct Answer) 5ecrease ,emain approximatel t-e same
# gas kick -as !een s-ut in 0-ile out of t-e -ole. # sta!ili
$%uation &2; 1Gas Migration
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*1.
If t-e original closed in pressures 0ere )33 psi SI5== and (33 psi SIC= and !ot- started rising close to t-e maximum allo0a!le 0ould ouR. #. B. C.
*+.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
Bleed off until t-e annulus pressure 0as (33 psi B&ee" off nti& the "ri&& pipe pressre w$s 00 psi (Correct Answer) Bleed off until t-e annulus pressure 0as )33 psi
# 7ertical 0ell 0it- a surface B= stack in use -as !een s-ut in after a kick. T-e surface pressures are" SI5== (33 psi SIC= 433 psi >W 13 ppg T-e 0ell is left s-ut in for some time during 0-ic- t-e gas migrates 33 feet up t-e 0ell. 8t-ere is no float in t-e drill string;. W-at 0ill !e t-e expected pressures at t-e surface at t-is moment2
#. B. C. 5. *).
5rill =ipe =ressure (33 psi 81 psi 41+ psi (33 psi
Casing =ressure 111+ psi 111 psi (Correct Answer) 433 psi 433 psi
W-ile drilling/ a gas kick is taken and t-e surface pressures are" SI5== )33 psi
SIC= $*( psi
T-ere is a total pump failure and t-e influx starts to migrate. T-e surface pressures start to increase. If t-e casing pressure is -eld constant ! adHusting t-e c-oke/ 0-at affect 0ill t-is -a7e on B@=2 #. B. C. *$.
It 0ill sta constant It 0ill increase t wi&& "ecre$se (Correct Answer)
# 1( !!l influx of gas 0as s0a!!ed in at 1)+33 feet. T-e formation pressure is %)33 psi and t-e mud 0eig-t in use is 1$.+ ppg. W-at 0ould t-e expanded 7olume of t-e gas !e at a dept- of 4333 feet2 T-e -ole is left open and assumes no c-ange in temperature. #. B. C. 5.
1.) !!l .6 %%& (Correct Answer) +.) !!l +%. !!l
# = 24.# 5 "."!# 5 :""" = !,";
2 5 +2 = # 5 +# (,'"" 5 2!) ÷ !,"; = .6 %%&s
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*(.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
W-en tripping out of t-e -ole/ 0it- )3 stands remaining it is noticed t-at t-e 0ell is flo0ing. W-ic- one of t-e follo0ing actions s-ould !e taken to close t-e 0ell in using t-e SA-* S3U*NK #. Close t-e B=. Sta! in t-e full opening safet 7al7e Close t-e safet 7al7e pen c-oke ,ecord pressures B. t$% $ f&& opening s$fet# $&e (Correct Answer) C&ose the s$fet# $&e pen B' si"e ot&et $&e C&ose the B' C&ose the choe ?ecor" pressres C. Sta! full opening safet 7al7e pen B= side outlet 7al7e Close B= Close c-oke ,ecord pressures 5. pen B= side outlet 7al7e Close B= Sta! full opening safet 7al7e Close safet 7al7e Close c-oke
*.
W-ic- list !elo0 8a/ !/ c/ or d; descri!es -o0 t-e c-oke manifold 0ill most likel !e set up for a SFT S@AT?IN 0-ile drilling.
#. B. C. 5.
B= Side utlet @draulic 6al7e pen pen C&ose" Closed
,emote C-oke Closed pen pen Closed
5egasser 6al7e Closed Closed pen (Correct Answer) pen
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**.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
isted !elo0 are t0o procedures s-utting in a kicking 0ell" 1. Wit- t-e c-oke alread open/ pick up off !ottom/ s-ut do0n t-e pumps/ open t-e B= side outlet -draulic 7al7e/ close t-e B=/ close t-e c-oke/ record pressures. +. Wit- t-e c-oke alread closed/ pick up off !ottom/ s-ut do0n t-e pumps/ close t-e B=/ open t-e B= side outlet -draulic 7al7e/ record pressures >atc- t-e procedures to t-e title !elo0/ put t-e num!er in t-e spaces pro7ided. #. Soft S-ut?in 1 B. @ard S-ut?in
*4.
T-e difference !et0een t-e -ard s-ut in and t-e soft s-ut in is t-at t-e -ard s-ut in" #. B. C. 5.
*%.
T-e main ad7antage of t-e soft s-ut in procedure o7er t-e -ard s-ut in procedure is" A. B. C. 5.
43.
T-e !lind rams are used T-e B= is closed 0it- t-e c-oke open The B' is c&ose" with the choe c&ose" (Correct Answer) T-e kick is di7erted
To !ini!ie the h#"r$&ic shoc on the for!$tion (Correct Answer) To pre7ent furt-er influx of formation fluids To allo0 pressures to !e determined #ll of t-e a!o7e
W-en a kick occurs/ 0- is it important to s-ut t-e 0ell in as soon as possi!le2 #. # larger pit gain 0ill result in -ig-er SI5== and -ea7ier PW> T,AE
*A3 (Correct Answer)
B. # larger pit gain 0ill result in -ig-er SI5== and SIC= T,AE
*A3 (Correct Answer)
C. # larger pit gain 0ill result in -ig-er SIC= !ut t-e SI5== 0ill remain t-e same T?-3 (Correct Answer) F#SE
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41.
We are planning to circulate out a kick 0it- t-e Wait and Weig-t >et-od. T-e 7olume of t-e surface lines on t-e rig is +3 !!l. Identif t-e !est procedure for dealing 0it- t-e surface line 7olume. #. B. C. D.
4+.
B. C. 5. 3.
f we "ont, fo&&owing the "ri&& pipe pressre gr$ph wi&& res&t in $ B' th$t is too &ow. (Correct Answer) If 0e donOt/ t-ere 0ill !e no effect on B@=. If 0e donOt/ follo0ing t-e drill pipe pressure grap- 0ill result in a B@= t-at is too -ig-. If 0e donOt/ t-e total time for killing t-e 0ell 0ill !e s-orter t-an calculated f we "ont the tot$& ti!e for i&&ing the we&& wi&& %e &onger th$n c$&c&$te". (Correct Answer)
W- must pit 7olume !e monitored during a 0ell killing operation2 #. B. C. 5.
4$.
,e? reac-es t-e !it Su!tract +3 !!l 8adHusted for pump strokes; from t-e strokes to !it total on t-e kill s-eet Ignore t-e surface line 7olume ?eero the stroe conter when :; st$rts "own the "ri&& pipe (Correct Answer)
W- do 0e need to take into account surface line 7olume 8from t-e mud pumps to t-e rig floor; 0-en preparing t-e kill s-eet 0it- t-e Wait and Weig-t >et-od2 (*A 9NS$
4).
IWCF Student Exercise Book
To determine PW> To determine t-e influx 7olume To "eter!ine if &ost retrns $re occrring (Correct Answer) To determine t-e gain due to !arite additions
Dou -a7e to increase t-e drill pipe pressure ! approximatel 133 psi ! manipulating t-e c-oke during a 0ell kill operation. f t-e follo0ing options/ 0-ic- one 0ould ou c-oose2 #. B.
Peep closing t-e c-oke until ou see t-e drill pipe pressure start to increase C&ose the choe to incre$se the c$sing pressre %# 100 psi $n" w$it for the "ri&& pipe pressre to incre$se. (Correct Answer)
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4(.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
WE 5#T# Slo0 Circulating ,ate =ressure SI5== SIC=
(33 psi $3 S=> 433 psi 1133 psi
T-e 0ell is s-ut in Circulation is started 0it- original 0eig-t mud. W-ile t-e pump is !eing !roug-t up to $3 spm/ 0-icpressure is to remain constant to maintain a constant B@=2 #. B. C. 5. 4.
# kick is !eing circulated out at )3 S=> 0it- a drill pipe pressure reading of ((3 psi and a casing pressure of %*3 psi. It is decided to slo0 t-e pump to +3 spm 0-ile maintaining %*3 psi on t-e casing gauge. @o0 0ill t-is affect B@=2 #. B. C. 5.
4*.
433 on t-e drill pipe pressure gauge +)33 on t-e drill pipe pressure gauge 1100 on the c$sing g$ge (Correct Answer) 133 on t-e casing gauge
Increase 5ecrease t$# the s$!e (Correct Answer) No 0a of kno0ing
If a 0ell 0as closed in after t-e first circulation of t-e 5rillerUs >et-od/ 0-at 7alue 0ould ou expect on t-e drill pipe pressure gauge and t-e casing pressure gauge2 SI5== 133 psi A. B.
SIC= (+( psi
Both pressres wo&" %e e$& to the origin$& D'' (Correct Answer) Bot- pressures s-ould !e reading 3 psi
Intertek Consulting & Training
44.
If t-e pump speed is increased/ 0-at -appens to t-e friction losses in t-e annulus2 #. B. C.
4%.
5ecreases Stas t-e same ncre$ses (Correct Answer)
T-e main purpose of t-e eak?ff Test is to" #. B. C. 5.
%3.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
5etermine formation pressure at t-e s-oe Test t-e surface euipment for pressure integrit Deter!ine the strength of the for!$tion %e&ow the c$sing shoe (Correct Answer) Test t-e cement and casing for pressure leaks
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing is usuall t-e main limiting factor in determining t-e M9HMUM 9A97$ 9NNU9< SU<-9C$ <$SSU<$K #. B.
T-e maximum pressure t-at t-e casing 0ill -old The !$+i!! pressre th$t the for!$tion %e&ow the c$sing shoe wi&& ho&" (Correct Answer)
Intertek Consulting & Training
%1.
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing defines M99SK A. B. C. 5.
%+.
B. C. 5.
;" o&!e p!pe" nti& &e$off st$rts (Correct Answer) >easured dept- of t-e casing s-oe >ud 7olume in t-e casing :eight of the !" %eing se" (Correct Answer) Tre ertic$& "epth of the c$sing shoe (Correct Answer)
W-en s-ould a leak?off test !e conducted2 #. B. C. 5.
%(.
T-e pressure in excess of mud -drostatic/ t-at if exceeded/ is likel to cause losses at t-e s-oe formation The tot$& pressre $pp&ie" to the shoe for!$tion th$t is &ie&# to c$se &osses (Correct Answer) T-e maximum B@= during a kill operation T-e maximum pressure allo0ed on t-e drill pipe gauge during a kill operation
W-ic- of t-e t-ree follo0ing conditions are essential for t-e calculation of an accurate formation strengt- test2 (C3AAS$ *3<$$ 9NS$
%$.
The pressre in e+cess of !" h#"rost$tic th$t, if e+cee"e", is &ie&# to c$se &osses $t the shoe for!$tion (Correct Answer) T-e total pressure applied at t-e s-oe formation t-at is likel to causes losses T-e maximum B@= allo0ed during a kill operation T-e maximum pressure allo0ed on t-e drill pipe gauge during a kill operation
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing !est descri!es fracture pressure2 #.
%).
IWCF Student Exercise Book
Immediatel after running and cementing casing Immediatel !efore running casing After "ri&&ing ot the c$sing shoe 5 to 15 feet into new for!$tion (Correct Answer) Immediatel !efore drilling out t-e casing s-oe
@o0 often s-ould M99S !e calculated2 #. B. C.
#fter eac- !it c-ange After $ ch$nge in !" weight (Correct Answer) #fter e7er (33 foot inter7al is drilled
Intertek Consulting & Training
%.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
Indicate t-e leak?off pressure from t-e grap- !elo0. eak?ff 1,900 psi
%*.
Ase t-e data from Vuestion % to calculate t-e fracture pressure. 89 psi
$%uation &22 1 M9M = (2,"" psi ÷ "."!# ÷ 2"0"4" ft) 6 2'.2 ppg = 2.;' ppg -rature ressure =2.;' ppg 5 "."!# 5 2"0"4" = 89 psi
Intertek Consulting & Training
%4.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
Indicate t-e leak?off pressure from t-e grap- !elo0. eak?ff 95 psi
%%.
Ase t-e data from Vuestion %4 to calculate t-e fracture pressure. 65 psi
$%uation &22 1 M9M = (,;! psi ÷ "."!# ÷ :0!!" ft) 6 2#.! ppg = 24., ppg -rature ressure =24., ppg 5 "."!# 5 :0!!" = 65 psi
Intertek Consulting & Training
133.
Casing -as !een set and cemented. T-e 0ell program calls for a leak?off test !ut t-e mud 0eig-t in t-e acti7e pits -as !een increased to .( ppg -ig-er t-an t-e mud 0eig-t in t-e -ole. W-ic- of t-e follo0ing 0ould pro7ide t-e most accurate leak?off test results2 #. B. C. 5.
131.
Ase a cement pump to pump do0n t-e drill pipe and record pressures and !arrels pumped Circ&$te $n" con"ition the !" nti& the "ensit# is the s$!e throghot the s#ste! (Correct Answer) Ase a cement pump to pump do0n t-e annulus and record pressures and !arrels pumped It is impossi!le to o!tain accurate test results so use pressures from a pre7ious test
W-ic- of t-e follo0ing 0ould contri!ute to -ig-er fracture gradients2 #. B. C. 5.
13+.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
Casing setting dept- close to t-e surface C$sing setting "epth f$r fro! the srf$ce (Correct Answer) # small difference existing !et0een t-e mud -drostatic pressure and fracture pressure # large difference existing !et0een t-e mud -drostatic pressure and fracture pressure
T-e mud 0eig-t in t-e 0ell 0as increased ! 1.+ ppg. W-at 0ill t-e ne0 M99S !e if t-e casing s-oe is set at (/*( feet >5 and (/1+( feet T652 #. B. C. 5.
)($ psi lo0er t-an pre7ious >##S= )+3 psi -ig-er t-an pre7ious >##S= 0 psi &ower th$n preios ;AA' (Correct Answer) )($ psi -ig-er t-an pre7ious >##S=
$%uation &2# 1 (M9M ppg 1 Current Mppg) 5 "."!# 5 Csg sEoe *+D ft = M99S psi (2.# ppg inrease) 5 "."!# 5 !02#! ft = 0 psi 13).
T-e fracture gradient of an open -ole formation at )43 feet is .14 psi'ft. T-e drilling mud currentl in use is %.4 ppg. #pproximatel -o0 muc- surface casing pressure can !e applied to t-e 0ell !efore t-e formation !reaks do0n2 #. B. C. D.
)(3 to )*( psi ++*( to 11%( psi )3 to %+ psi 8 to 98 psi (Correct Answer) Fracture Gradient ÷ TVD ft = MAMW ppg .618 ÷ 3680 = 11.88ppg $%uation &2# 1 (M9M ppg 1 Current Mppg) 5 "."!# 5 *+D ft = M99S psi 811.44 G %.4; x 3.3(+ x )43 -98 psi
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IWCF Student Exercise Book
DATA FOR QUESTIONS 104 &105
1) )'4: surface casing is set and cemented at )1+O T65. T-e cement is drilled out toget-er 0it- 1( feet of ne0 -ole using 13.+ ppg mud. # eak?ff =ressure of *3 psi is o!ser7ed. 13$.
W-at is t-e formation fracture gradient2 $%uation &22 M9M ppg = (A* psi ÷ "."!# ÷ Csg sEoe *+D) 6 *est M ppg #. .1% psi'ft (;" ÷ "."!# ÷ '2#) 6 2".# = 24.'# ppg B. .4)* psi'ft ) C. .44 psi/ft (Correct Answer 24.'# 5 "."!# = 0.44 psi/ft 5. .()3 psi'ft
13(.
W-at is t-e M9HMUM 9A97$ 9NNU9< SU<-9C$ <$SU<$ for 11.$ ppg mud in use at (33 feet T652 $%uation &2# M99S psi = (M9M ppg 1 Curr M) 5 "."!# 5 Csg sEoe *+D ft #. 4( to 4% psi B. 41 to 45 psi (Correct Answer) (24.'# 1 22.4) 5 "."!# 5 '2# = 45 psi C. $$% to $($ psi 5. () to (% psi
13.
#t $3 spm 0it- 13 ppg mud t-e pump pressure is 1333 psi. W-at 0ould t-e pump pressure !e if t-e pump rate 0ere decreased to +( spm and t-e mud 0eig-t 0as increased to 11.$ ppg2
13*.
#.
*1) psi
B.
((3 psi
C.
445 psi (Correct Answer)
5.
)%3 psi
5L " ( JK # 5L L 2""" 5 ( "L = '," psi !
$%uation &, = NeB psi = Ald psi 5
JK '/ # '/ .! . = 445 psi
$%uation &2" = NeB psi = Ald psi 5 '," 5
=ick -ie (!) situations from t-e follo0ing list under 0-ic- ou 0ould consider taking a ne0 SC,=" A. B. C. 5. E. F. . .
3er# shift (Correct Answer) ;" weight ch$nges (Correct Answer) ignific$nt !" propert# ch$nges (Correct Answer) Before and after a leak?off test #fter eac- connection 0-en drilling 0it- a top dri7e W-en long sections of -ole are drilled rapidl #fter rec-arging pulsation dampeners :hen retrning to "ri&&ing $fter i&&ing $ ic (Correct Answer)
Intertek Consulting & Training
134.
>an factors s-ould !e considered 0-en selecting a kill pump rate. @o0e7er/ t-e o!Hecti7e s-ould !e to regain control of t-e 0ell. C-oose t-e one ans0er t-at meets t-is o!Hecti7e. A. B. C. 5.
13%.
B# sing the s&owest p!p r$te (Correct Answer) Before t-e end of t-e tour #s safe as possi!le considering all aspects of t-e kill #s fast as possi!le ! using t-e maximum pump rate
If flo0 rate is kept constant 0-ic- TW of t-e follo0ing factors 0ill INC,E#SE t-e circulating pressure2 #. B. C. D.
113.
IWCF Student Exercise Book
W-en t-e mud densit in t-e 0ell is lo0ered :hen the we&& "epth is incre$se" (Correct Answer) W-en t-e !it no<
S-ut?in Casing =ressure is used to calculate" #. B. C. 5.
PW> nf&+ gr$"ient $n" t#pe when the inf&+ o&!e $n" we&& geo!etr# $re nown (Correct Answer) >aximum #llo0a!le #nnular Surface =ressure Initial Circulating =ressure
Intertek Consulting & Training
111.
#t 0-at point 0-ile correctl circulating out a gas kick is it possi!le for t-e pressure at t-e casing s-oe to !e at its maximum2 (*3<$$ 9NS$
11+.
ong open ho&e section (Correct Answer) arge differences !et0een formation !reakdo0n pressure and t-e mud -drostatic pressure Small 7olume of influx S-ort open -ole section $rge o&!e of inf&+ (Correct Answer) !$&& "ifferences %etween for!$tion %re$"own pressre $n" !" h#"rost$tic pressre (Correct Answer)
W-at is t-e reason for circulating out a kick at a slo0 pump rate2 #. B. C.
11$.
At initi$& sht in (Correct Answer) :hen i&& !" re$ches the %it (Correct Answer) W-en kill mud reac-es t-e casing s-oe :hen the top of the g$s re$ches the c$sing shoe (Correct Answer)
W-ic- t-ree of t-e follo0ing conditions in t-e 0ell increases t-e risk of exceeding t-e M99S during a 0ell killing operation2 A. B. C. 5. 3. *.
11).
IWCF Student Exercise Book
!tains a smaller expansion of t-e gas influx t-ere! reducing casing pressure during t-e kill process Create a sufficient pressure loss in t-e circulating sstem to gi7e a greater o7er!alance for a safer kill operation ;ini!ie e+cess pressre e+erte" on for!$tion "ring the i&& process (Correct Answer)
# kick 0as taken and is !eing circulated out of a deep 0ell 0it- a deep casing s-oe. T-e casing pressure is approac-ing t-e maximum allo0a!le and t-e influx is still in t-e open -ole. f t-e actions listed !elo0/ 0-ic- 0ould !e t-e most appropriate2 #. B. C.
Start pumping mud at least + ppg -ea7ier t-an PW> do0n t-e drill pipe >aintain t-e casing pressure at t-e maximum allo0a!le ! adHusting t-e c-oke ;ini!ie $n# e+tr$ pressre in the $nn&s withot $&&owing B' to "rop %e&ow for!$tion pressre (Correct Answer)
