MSTP/RSTP SETTING
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STP (IEEE 802.1D)/ RSTP (IEEE 802.1w)/ MSTP (IEEE802.1s) •
• • •
Layer2 based loop-free protection mechanism – Each device using STP/RSTP send BPDU frames, and root bridge, root port, designated port, backup port and alternate port are decided by BPDU frame. Widely used in the enterprise network Protection Switching Time; STP < 60sec / RSTP < 2~3 sec Topology is no limitation (Ring, Tree, etc…) Blocking
Failure Forwarding
Forwarding
Blocking à Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Forwarding
Root Bridge
Root Bridge Forwarding
• Some topology (instance) can be treated with same STP network • The VLANs are divided into some groups (instances), and blocking port is decided in the each group (instance). • MSTP is based on RSTP (IEEE 802.1w), and can used RSTP independently in each VLAN – Enables load balancing, over a large number of VLANs • The restructuring of each VLAN becomes possible. As a result, the time required to restructure can be shortened. NEC Confidential
Forwarding à Blocking
Forwarding
MSTI 2 VLAN: 201 - 300
Forwarding
Blocking For MSTI1
Double capacity Blocking For MSTI2 Root Bridge
MSTI 1 VLAN: 101 - 200
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STP Parameter - Bridge ID & Path Cost Bridge ID (STP, RSTP) Bridge ID (8 Bytes) Bridge ID is main Parameter for Spanning Tree Algorithm, The Bridge with lowest Bridge ID is selected as “Root Bridge”
Bridge Priority
Bridge MAC Address
2bytes
6bytes
Default Bridge Priority = 32768 (IEEE 802.1d)
Path Cost is accumulated Cost between a Bridge to Root Bridge. Path Cost defined in IEEE802.1d Link Speed
Cost
10Gbps
2
1Gbps
4
100Mbps
19
10MBps
100
*Port Cost is manually configurable NEC Confidential
Root Bridge 100Base-Tx
1000Base-T
0+4=4
4+19 =23
0+19 =19
100Base-Tx 10Base-T 19+100 =119
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STP IEEE 802.1D - Theory background (6) Root Bridge
Non Root Bridge
Bridge: A
Bridge: B
Bridge ID 32768
Bridge ID 32768
MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-01
MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-03
Forwarding Port 1
Spanning Tree Failure The blocked port has gone into Port 2 Forwarding
Forwarding RP
DP
Port 2
Port 1 as
DP
DP
Root port
Was Blocked Now forwarding
Forwarding Port 1 as
Summary of STP Port States 1. Blocking 2. Listening
BPDU
Root port Forwarding RP
Port 2
3. Learning 4. Forwarding
Non Root Bridge
5. Disabled
Bridge: C Bridge ID 32768 MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-02
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Difference between STP and RSTP STP
RSTP
STABLE TOPOLOGY
ONLY THE ROOT SEND BPDU AND OTHERS RELAY THEM.
ALL BRIDGES SEND BPDU EVERY HELLO (2SEC) AS A KEEP ALIVE MECHANISM.
PORT ROLES
ROOT (FORWARDING) DESIGNATED (FORWARDING) NON-DESIGNATED (BLOCKING)
ROOT (FORWARDING) DESIGNATED (FORWARDING) ALTERNATE (DISCARDING) BACKUP ( DISCARDING)
PORT STATES
DISABLED , BLOCKING, LISTENING, LEARNING ,FORWARDING
DISCARDING (DISABLED, BLOCKING, LISTENING) LEARNING, FORWARDING
TOPOLOGY CHANGES
USE TIMERS FOR CONVERGENCE INFORMED FROM THE ROOT. HELLO (2SEC) MAX AGE (20SEC) FORWARDING DELAY TIME (15SEC)
PROPOSAL AND AGREEMENT PROCESS FOR SYNCHRONIZATION (LESS THAN 1 SEC) HELLO, MAX AGE AND FORWARDING DELAY TIMERS USED ONLY FOR BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY WITH STP. ONLY RSTP PORT RECEIVING STP
TRANSITION
SLOW: (50SEC), BLOCKING (20SEC)=> LISTENING (15 SEC) => LEARNING (15SEC) => FORWARDING.
FASTER: NO LEARNING STATES. DOESN’T WAIT TO BE INFORMED BY OTHERS, INSTEAD, ACTIVELY LOOKS FOR POSSIBLE FAILURE BY A FEED BACK MECHANISM.
TOPOLOGY CHANGE
WHEN A BRIDGE DISCOVER A CHANGE IN THE NETWORK IT INFORM THE ROOT. THEN EVERY BRIDGE CAN GENERATE TOPOLOGY CHANGE AND ROOT INFORMS THE OTHER BRIDGES BY INFORM ITS NEIGHBORS WHEN IT IS AWARE OF SENDING BPDU AND INSTRUCT THE TOPOLOGY CHANGE AND IMMEDIATELY DELETE OLD DB OTHERS TO CLEAR THE DB ENTRIES AFTER THE FORWARDING DELAY
CHANGE ROOT
IF A BRIDGE (NON-ROOT) DOESN'T RECEIVE HELLO FOR 10X HELLO TIME, FROM THE ROOT, IT START CLAIMING THE ROOT ROLE BY GENERATING ITS OWN HELLO.
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IF A BRIDGE DOESN’T RECEIVE 3X HELLOS FROM THE ROOT, IT START CLAIMING THE ROOT ROLE BY GENERATING ITS OWN HELLO
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MSTP Setting M1 iPaso200-D M1 P1
MSTP Region: ABC iPaso200-E
Revision:0 M2 M2
M1
M2
iPaso400-F P1 iPaso400-B P2
P1
MSTP Region: NEC
IDU No. Bridge Priority (MSTI1) Bridge Priority (MSTI2) Instance No. (MSTI1) Instance No. (MSTI2)
1 4096 20480 1 2
2 8192 12288 1 2
3 8192 20480 1 2
In Normal condition mark the status of each modem Forwarding or Discarding MSTI1 MODEM1 MODEM 2
MSTI2 MODEM 1
MODEM 2
IDU 1 IDU 2 IDU 3 After Failure condition mark the status of each modem Forwarding or Discarding MSTI1 MODEM1 MODEM 2
MSTI2 MODEM 1
MODEM 2
IDU 1 IDU 2 IDU 3
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MSTP Setting
Select RSTP/MSTP Setting from the ETH Function Setting Menu. Click the Modify STP Mode icon on the ETH Function Setting –RSTP/MSTP Setting display. In the STP Mode Setting window click the STP Mode dropdown list and select MSTP and click Ok. Click OK again on the Complete information window. RSTP/MSTP Setting display shows the current setting.
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MSTP Setting Click the Modify STP Port icon on the RSTP/MSTP Setting display. And set the parameters for MSTP. Select each tab IST, MSTPI1 to MSTI4 as required and set the parameters.
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MSTP Setting Enter the Region Name (32 Characters). This should be same on all members of the MSTP Region. Enter the Revision Number (0 - 65535). Of the configuration. All members of the MSTP region must have the same Revision No. The MSTP revision level is the revision number of the configuration. All switches in an MSTP region must have the same revision level configured BPDU Guard Timer Usage: to use this function, select the Used radio Button. This function prevent external BPDUs from changing the topology. If BPDU Guard Timer usage is selected as Use, then enter the Timer value in seconds ( 10 – 1000000). When unwanted BPDU is detected in the port, it will block the port for the timer period preventing the BPDU to pass.
M1 iPaso200-D M1
If BPDU Guard Timer usage is selected as Use, then enter the Timer value in seconds ( 10 – 1000000). When unwanted BPDU is detected in the port, it will block the port for the timer period preventing the BPDU to pass.
MSTP Region: ABC iPaso200-E
Revision:0 M2 M2
M1
M2
iPaso400-F P1 iPaso400-B P2
P1
MSTP Region: NEC
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CIST Setting Every Region has a Common Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that forms a single spanning tree instance including all the members in the region. CIST operates across the MSTP region and create a loop free topology across regions. In each region several MSTP Instances (up to 4) can be created with each instance catering for a group of VLANs. MSTP instance operates within the Region.
Select the tab IST to configure the CIST. Enable the ports that is makes the STP. If any port is an Edge port select Enable from the drop down list. For each of the ports selected: STP Port Path Cost: select Auto for automatically detect the path Cost or select Manual and enter the Path cost value STP Port Priority: select port priority value from the drop down list (default is 128) BPDU Guard: select from the drop down list enable to enable BPDU Guard function for the Port. Root Guard: select from the drop down list enable to enable Root Guard function for the Port. Click the Member VLAN and select the VLANs for each instance (IST, MSTI# ). NEC Confidential
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MSTI Setting Configure the MSTP instances in the selected region by clicking on the MSTI# tabs. Select Enable radio button on the selected MSTI#. MSTI Regional Root Bridge Priority /ID will be automatically selected on the MAC address, Bridge Priority… Enter the Instance number for the selected MSTP Instance. Select the Bridge Priority (MSTI) from the drop down list. This selection can force the Bridge ID to be higher or lower to select as root Bridge for the selected instance. Click on the Member VLAN and select the VLANs for the selected MSTI from the VLAN List and the radio buttons. Select the port associated with MSTP in the region from the check boxes. Select the STP Port Path Cost and STP Port Priority from the respective drop down lists.
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MSTP Setting
Selected Root Bridge Priority/ ID for CIST, CIST Regional, and each MSTI are shown. Forwarding and disable status of ports for each Instance is shown under status column.
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Detail STP Parameter Setting
Item
Parameter
Description
STP Bridge Priority STP Bridge MAX Age
0 to 61440 6 to 40 s
Change default STP priority of the bridge Set the expiration of the Configuration BPDU stored, Bridge will. notice that a topology change has occurred after the Max Age time elapses and the BPDU is aged out
STP Bridge Hello Time STP Bridge Forward Delay
1s 2s 4 to 30 s
Set the period of sending Configuration BPDUs from Root Bridge. Set the delay when the port is going to change the state from Listening to Learning.
STP TX Hold Count
1 to 10
Set the number of BPDU which can be sent per second.
STP MAX Hop Count
1 to 40
See below
The MSTP maximum hop count value is the maximum number of hops in the region. The MSTI root bridge sends BPDUs with the hop count set to the maximum value. When a bridge receives this BPDU, it decrements the remaining hop count by one and propagates this hop count in the BPDUs it sends. When a bridge receives a BPDU with a hop count of zero, the bridge discards the BPDU NEC Confidential
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Ether Ring Protection
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G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching • Utilizing widely-deployed Ethernet (802.1,3) with OAM (802.1ag/Y.1731) • Loop-free protection mechanism • Protection Switching Time <50ms • Scalable topologies – Single ring, interconnected rings, and logical rings – No. of nodes per ring: no limitation in theory • Administrative operation – Forced switching – Manual switching – Revertive/ Non-revertive
Client #1 Signal
Traffic separation with VLAN Tag
ETH-CC
RPL (Ring Protection Link)
Client #2 Signal RPL (Ring Protection Link) NEC Confidential
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G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection u u u u u u u
G.8032 is an ITU Recommendation Defines the APS (Automatic Protection Switching ) protocol and protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer ring topologies. Use of standard 802 MAC and OAM frames around the ring Uses standard 802.1Q , but with xSTP disabled. Prevents loops within the ring by blocking one of the links Monitoring of the ETH layer for discovery and identification of Signal Failure (SF) conditions. Protection and recovery switching within 50 ms for typical rings.
Unblock blocking Port
Blocking Port
Client Traffic 1) Normal Condition
NEC Confidential
Submission of FDB Flush, Unblock blocking Port 2) Failure Event 3) Switchover Condition
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Failure monitoring • G.8032 utilizes the following monitoring functions to detect link / node failures certainly. Physical layer: Link down detected by Ethernet PHY (Optical/Electrical), etc. Link layer: ETH-CC defined on Y.1731/802.1ag between adjacent ring nodes. Messaging interval: 3.33msec at minimum – Failure Detection time = 3.33 msec * 3.5 = 11.7msec cc
MEP-2
MEP-1
MEP-3
cc
Unblock blocking Port cc cc MEP-2
MEP-4
MEP-1
MEP-8
cc
MEP-7
MEP-3
MEP-5 MEP-6
1) Normal Condition
cc
Client Traffic
MEP-4
Submission of FDB Flush, Unblock blocking Port
LOC
MEP-8
cc
MEP-5
MEP-7
LOC
MEP-6
cc
cc
2) Failure Event
ETH-CC (Continuity Check) enables to detect failures on several conditions which physical layer monitoring can’t do. n Unidirectional link failure n Partial failure in equipment n Decline of signal level (less than Loss of Signal) n In case if no ability to detect a failure is on physical layer NEC Confidential
cc
LOC
cc
cc 3) Switchover Condition LOC
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Multiple instance • Several logical rings can be configured in the physical ring (G.8032V2) • Each logical ring can have a group of user VLANs (instances) and can place a block port at a different point respectively • Load balancing can be achieved in normal condition, and the higher priority traffic can be protected even in case of failure Instance#2 (Middle & Low priority) block port for instance#2 High priority Middle priority Low priority
block port for instance#1
Double capacity
Instance#1 (High priority)
Instance#2 (Middle & Low priority)
Failure
block port for instance#2 High priority Middle priority Low priority
Instance#1 Unblocked for (High priority) instance#1
Drop
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Low priority traffic is dropped based on QoS
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Multiple instances (2/3) • Multiple instances per physical ring – Logical rings can be configured on a physical ring. – Each logical ring has a group of user VLANs (instances) and a dedicated APS channel. – APS protocol runs independently. • RPL can be placed at a different point respectively • FDB flush operation is performed per logical ring • All logical rings shares the monitoring information of ETH-CC (link layer) and Link Failure (physical layer). User VLAN group #1 APS channel #1 (Link Monitoring) ETH-CC-1
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Physical Instance #1
User VLAN group #2 APS channel #2 (Link Monitoring) ETH-CC-2
Instance #2
User VLAN group #3 APS channel #3 (Link Monitoring) ETH-CC-3
Instance #3
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Scenario A - Normal to Protection RPL
Node-A
Node-B
Node-C
Node-D
Node-E
Node-G
RPL Owner
Node-F
1 NORMAL STATE
failure
2 3 4
PROTECTION STATE
Flush
5 6 7
SF SF
SF
Flush
Flush
SF
1 . Normal State Node-G is the RPL Owner 2 . Failure Occurs 3 . Node D and Node C detect local signal fail condition and block the failed ports 4 . While the SF condition continues Node C and Node D periodically send SF (signal Fail) Messages on both ring ports 5 . Each node performs a FDB flush operation after receiving the SF message NEC Confidential
SF
SF Flush
Flush
SF Flush
Flush
50 ms
SF
SF SF
SF
6 . When the RPL owner receives the SF message it unblock the RPL link 7 . Stable State – SF messages on the ring . Further SF messages does not trigger further action
Message source Client ch block R-APS ch block
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Scenario B recovery Node-A
Node-B
Node-C
Node-D
Node-E
Node-F
Node-G RPL Owner
failure
8
SF SF
SF
11
SF SF
NR
NR NR
recovery
NR
NR
Confirmation time
PROTECTION STATE
9 10 NR
SF
12 13
NORMAL STATE
NR, RPL Blocked Flush
Flush NR, RPL Blocked
9 . In Stable SF condition Node C and D continue to send SF messages every 5sec. 10 . Recovery of failure 11 . Node C and D detects clearing of SF condition and start the guard timer and initiate periodical transmission of NR messages on both ring ports (guard timer prevents reception of R-APS messages 12. When RPL owner receives the NR message, it starts the Wait to Restore Timer (WTR) NEC Confidential
Flush
Flush
Flush
15
NR, RPL Blocked
Flush
Flush NR, RPL Blocked
50 ms
14
NR, RPL Blocked
NR, NR Blocked RPL
14. When the Guard timer at Node C and D expire they may start receiving new R-APS messages 15. At the expiration of WTR timer, RPL owner blocks its end of of the RPL link, sends NR RB message 16. Each node after re3ceivng the NR RB message flushes its FDB. 17. When Node c and D receive the NR RB message, they remove the block on their blocked ports 18 . Stable normal condition all nodes go to Idle state
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Protection Switching Trigger Condition Protection switching trigger conditions: • Fault Conditions – Signal Failure (SF): local signal failure (local SF) will be submitted to protection trigger module once a failure is detected at endpoint.
– Signal Degrade (SD): local signal degrade (local SD) will be submitted to protection trigger module once a signal degrade is detected
External commands – Manual switch (MS): Maintenance command for temporarily switching normal traffic to working transport entity or protection transport entity, unless a higher priority switch request (i.e., FS, or SF) is in effect.
– Forced switch (FS): Maintenance command for temporarily switching normal traffic from working transport entity to protection transport entity, unless a higher priority switch request is in effect.
– Clear: This maintenance command clears all of the externally initiated switch commands listed above clearing the Maintenance command.
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Revertive / Non-Revertive operation Non-revertive vs. Revertive Protection Operation Types: • Non-revertive operation – The normal traffic will not be switched back to the working transport entity even after a protection switching cause has cleared. • Revertive Operation – The normal traffic is restored to the working transport entity after the condition (s) causing the protection switching has cleared. – In the case of clearing a command (e.g., Forced Switch), this happens immediately. – In the case of clearing of a defect, this generally happens after the expiry of a "Wait- to-Restore (WTR)" timer, which is used to avoid chattering of selectors in the case of intermittent defects. WTR (Wait to Restore) Timer – In the revertive mode of operation, to prevent frequent operation of the protection switch due to an intermittent defect, a failed working transport entity must become stable in a faultfree state. After the failed working transport entity meets this criterion, a fixed period of time shall elapse before traffic channel uses it again. This period is called the wait-to-restore (WTR) period, (1 to 12 Min) In the revertive mode, when the protection is no longer requested, i.e., the failure condition has been cleared, a wait-to-restore state will be activated on the RPL owner node. This state shall normally time out and become a no-request state. The wait-to-restore timer is deactivated when any request of higher priority pre-empts this state. In short, This is the number of seconds the RPL owner waits from receiving indication that topology has returned to its pre-failure state untill it actually operates according to that indication, i.e. blocks the RPL-port. NEC Confidential
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Protection Operation timers Guard Timer – R-APS messages are transmitted continuously. This, combined with the R-APS messages forwarding method, in which messages are copied and forwarded at every ring node around the ring, can result in a message corresponding to an old request, which is no longer relevant, being received by ring nodes. The reception of messages with outdated information could result in erroneous interpretation of the existing requests in the ring and lead to erroneous protection switching decisions The guard timer is used to prevent ring nodes from receiving outdated R-APS messages. During the duration of the guard timer, all received R-APS messages are ignored by the ring protection control process. This allows that old messages still circulating on the ring may be ignored. This, however, has the side effect that, during the period of the guard timer, a node will be unaware of new or existing ring requests transmitted from other nodes. The period of the guard timer may be configured by the operator in 10 ms steps between 10 ms and 2 seconds, with a default value of 500 ms. This time should be greater than the maximum expected forwarding delay for which one R-APS message circles around the ring.
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Sub Ring • Flexible placement of RPL – The shortest path per user traffic can be selected in normal condition.
2
Sub-Ring and Sub-Ring (inter connected node) is available only in iPasolink 1000
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ETHER RING PROTECTION SETTING
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ERP iPASO 200D
iPASO 400F
iPASO 200E
Item
PORT1
M1
M1
M2
M1
ETH Port1
MEG / (MEG LEV)/ CC Period
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
MEP (VLAN 100)
6
1
2
3
4
5
MEP (VLAN 200)
12
7
8
9
10
11
Peer MEP (VLAN100)
5
2
1
4
3
6
Peer MEP (VLAN 200)
11
8
7
10
9
12
Ring ID/Ring Name
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
ERP Ver
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
Ring Port-0
P1
P1
M1
M1
P1
P1
Ring Port-1
M1
M1
M2
M2
M1
M1
RPL Owner /RPL Port
Enable / 0
Enable / 1
-
-
-
-
Revertive/WTR
Revertive/1
Revertive/1
Guard Time
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
Control VLAN
1001
1002
1001
1002
1001
1002
R-APS MSG Period
7
7
7
7
7
7
MEG Lev
7
7
7
7
7
7
Traffic VLAN
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
CTRL MAC Address
:01
:02
:01
:02
:01
:02
LOC Det
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
Ring Port-0 Ring Port-1 M1
M2
100/200/300/400
400-F
100/200/300/400
P1 200-D RING2 RPL
100/200/300/400
200-E M1
M1
Tester 100/200/300/400
P1 NEC Confidential
P1
P2
RING1 RPL
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ERP iPASO 200A
iPASO 1000C
iPASO 400B
Item
PORT1
M1
M1
M2
M1
ETH Port1
MEG / (MEG LEV)/ CC Period
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
NEC /(7)/3.3ms
MEP (VLAN 100)
6
1
2
3
4
5
MEP (VLAN 200)
12
7
8
9
10
11
Peer MEP (VLAN100)
5
2
1
4
3
6
Peer MEP (VLAN 200)
11
8
7
10
9
12
Ring ID/Ring Name
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
1 / Ring-1
2 / Ring-2
ERP Ver
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
8032v2
Ring Port-0
P1
P1
M1
M1
P1
P1
Ring Port-1
M1
M1
M2
M2
M1
M1
RPL Owner /RPL Port
Enable / 0
Enable / 1
-
-
-
-
Revertive /WTR
Revertive/1
Revertive/1
-
-
-
-
Guard Time
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
500msec
Control VLAN
1001
1002
1001
1002
1001
1002
R-APS MSG Period
7
7
7
7
7
7
MEG Lev
7
7
7
7
7
7
Traffic VLAN
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
100/300
200/400
CTRL MAC Address
:01
:02
:01
:02
:01
:02
LOC Det
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
enable
Ring Port-0 Ring Port-1 1000-C
M1 100/200/300/400
M2
100/200/300/400
P1 200-A RING2 RPL
400-B 100/200/300/400
M1
Tester
M1 100/200/300/400
P1
P2
100/200/300/400 P1 NEC Confidential
RING1 RPL
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ETHER RING PROTECTION - OAM Setting Create an OAM MEG for the ring. For each Ring create a set of MEPs as shown in the diagram below. Confirm that no LOC alarm appear in the current status screen
MEP6
NE3 MEP5
MEP12
NE3 MEP11
MEP1 NE1
Blocking Port
MEP4 NE2
MEP7 NE1
MEP10 NE2
MEP2 MEP3
MEP8 MEP9
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OAM(Ring1)VLAN 15
OAM (Ring2) VLAN 14
Traffic(Ring1)
Traffic(Ring2)
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (1 of 5)
Select the ERP Setting from the ETH Function Setting MENU Click the Modify ERP mode icon on the ERP setting screen and select the ERP Mode Enable radio button Click the OK button. ERP setting progress bar indicate under execution Click the OK button on the Complete dialog window Confirm that the ERP mode is Enabled is indicated in the ERP Setting screen
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (2 of 5) ■ Click the Add ERP icon on the ERP Setting screen. Step-1 of the ERP Setting wizard
opens. ■ Select the Ring ID from the drop down list (01 to 16) ■ Enter the Ring Name (up to 32 characters) ■ Select the ERP Version radio button G.8032v1 or G.8032v2 as appropriate ■ Select the Ring Port 0 item (Interface /Modem) and the port from the drop down List ■ Select the Ring Port 1 item (Interface /Modem) and the port from the drop down List ■ Port name of the assigned port will appear if a name is given to the port. ■ In RPL Owner Setting select Enable radio button if one of the selected Ring’s port is
going to be a RPL port. If not select the Disabled radio button ■ If selected Enable in the previous selection, select which port is going to be the RPL port
for the ring. Port0 or Port 1 by selecting the appropriate radio button ■ Select protection switching is to be Revertive or Non-Revertive. Click the appropriate
radio button ■ If Revertive is selected in the previous item, select the Wait-To-Restore (WTR) timer
value from the drop down list (1 to 12 min) ■ Enter the Guard Timer value (10ms to 2000 ms) ■ Click the Next button to go to Step2 ERP VLAN Setting window
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (3 of 5) ■ In the Control VLAN ID enter a VLAN ID that is not part of the traffic (not in the VLAN
List) for the selected ring. ■ Select the Control MAC Address for the selected ring. Same MAC address can be
used for different instances of the same physical ring. MAC address should be different fro multiple physical rings. Change the last two digits of the MAC address for each ring ■ Select the R-APS Message Priority (0 tom7 0 from the drop down List ■ Select the R-APS Message MEG Level from the drop down List ■
Enable the Traffic VLAN IDs from the VLAN list by selecting the appropriate Check boxes. If the required VLAN ID is not in the list click on the Add VLAN ID button and enter the VLAN ID and the VLAN Service Name, VLAN ID will appear in the list, enable the check box to select it. The VLANs grayed out in the list are already assigned to a different ring and cannot be selected
■ Click the Next button to go to Step3 ERP LOC Detection MEP Index Setting window.
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (4 of 5)
■In the Step 3 ERP LOC Detection MEP Index Setting
window, Click the Enable Radio button. Ring0 and Ring 1 selection area become active ■Select the LOC Detection MEP Index for Ring Port0 and
Ring Port1 by clicking on the appropriate radio button ■Click the Next button to go to Step-4 Setting
Confirmation Screen
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ETHER RING PROTECTION Setting (5 of 5) Click the Delete ERP icon to delete any created Ether Rings. Select the Ring ID to be deleted from the drop down list and click the OK button
Click the OK button on the Step-4 Setting Confirmation Screen. Apply the setting and close the Add ERP Setting wizard
Confirm the added Ether Ring is listed in the ERP Setting screen.
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ERP Status information Select the Current Status menu and click on the IDU tab to see the ETH Ring Status information ETH Ring Cause Local NR: Status change caused by NR( No Request) Manual control Locally Local SF: Status change caused by SF( Signal Fail) detection on local node Remote NR: Status change caused by NR( No Request) Manual Control from Remote ETH Ring Status Idle: State where only an RPL port has been blocked and no fault has occurred at every link in the ring Pending: State where one or more failures occurred at links in the ring, or switchback has been performed after a fault recovery ETH Ring Port status RPL blocking: State where an RPL port has been blocked. This state can be caused at a port that has been set as an RPL port. Forwarding: State where user frames and R-APS control frames can be transmitted. WTR: State where a switchback to the steady state has been performed after a link fault recovery. This sate can be caused at a port that has been set as an RPL port.
Protection: State where only an RPL port has been blocked and no fault has occurred at every link in the ring
Recovery: State where a link fault has been recovered signal fail: State where a link fault was detected and the port with the fault has been blocked.
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ERP Control-1 Select Maintenance Mode First
Select the ERP Control screen by Selecting the ERP Control from the Maintenance Protection Control Menu
Select the ERP Control screen by clicking the ERP CTRL from the ERP Setting screen. You can switch between the two screens
Select the Loop Detection Restart icon on the Protection Control ERP Control screen.
iPASOLINK monitor the loop detection when it receives it’s own R-APS control frame. When the node receives own R-APS control frame at 160frames/100msec, the node detects the loop. Select the Ring to be Loop detection restart, by the appropriate check box(s) and clicking the OK button NEC Confidential
Loop Detection Restart reset the receive counter of own RAPS control frame. No traffic loss occurs when Loop Detection Restart.
232
ERP Control-2 Maintenance Control-Protection Control – ERP Control screen provides manual switching of the Ethernet Rings. Click the Ring ID number of the ring to be manually switched. ERP Control (RING ID#) window opens for the selected ring. Select the Manual control to applied from the drop down List.. Available Options are: Forced SW: Manual SW: Clear: Clear the Maintenance Control Select the Blocked Port to be switched to forwarding, Ring Port 0 or Ring Port 1, Click the OK button to apply the maintenance control Maintenance control is applied is indicated by the yellow highlighting of the controlled Ring ID number. Ring Port status# indicate switching status.
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233
Radio Aggregation
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What’s Radio Aggregation? What’s Radio Aggregation? Radio Aggregation Group bundle several radio links to the same destination providing increased Ethernet bandwidth and high reliability by combining them into one logical link, and to provide redundancy in case, one of the links fail. Why Radio Aggregation? Increased link capacity: the capacity of multiple Radio Links are combined into one logical link. Higher link availability: If a link within a Radio Aggregation Group fails the traffic is not disrupted and communication is maintained Load sharing: Traffic is distributed across multiple Radio links, minimizing the probability that a single link be overwhelmed. Radio Aggregation uses Static Link Aggregation Treat multiple switch ports as one switch port for high-bandwidth connections A static LAG balances the traffic load across the links in the channel. If a physical link within the static LAG fails, traffic over the failed link is moved to the remaining links. The following parameters are considered for distribution of traffic among the bundled radio links on iPASOLINK l L2 based
l L3 based
•
Source MAC Address
•
Source IP Address
•
Destination MAC Address
•
Destination IP Address
•
VLAN ID
•
Source TCP Port Number
•
Ether Type
•
Destination TCP Port Number
•
Port ID of input Ethernet Port
NEC Confidential
l MPLS based •
MPLS label
235
Radio Aggregation (iPASOLINK-400) MODEM#1
Aggregation Group1
Aggregation Group1
GRP1
MODEM#2
Port-1 L2SW
MODEM#3
Port-n
MODEM#4
Aggregation Group1
MODEM#1 MODEM#2
Aggregation Group1
GRP1
MODEM#3
Port-1 L2SW
MODEM#4
Port-n
Radio Aggregation supports up to 8 links in one group ( in iPASOLINK1000) NEC Confidential
236
Radio Aggregation (iPASOLINK-400) MODEM#1
Aggregation Group1
Aggregation Group1
GRP1
MODEM#3 GRP2
Aggregation Group2
NEC Confidential
MODEM#2
MODEM#4
Port-1 L2SW Port-n
Aggregation Group2
237
Distribution algorithm L2 Base Byte6 Source MAC Address
Byte5 Byte5
VLAN ID
Ether Type
Byte4
Byte3
Byte2
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using the first 3 bits of each Byte and XOR them.
Byte1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bits
LAG
Distribution Results iPASO 400
0
1
2
Byte1
8
9
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
25
Byte1
Byte1
Byte2
24
Byte2
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte2
Port ID
Byte3
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte6 Destination MAC Address
Byte4
26
Byte4
Exclusive OR Results Source MAC Address
Two modems
Three modems
Four modems
Output Modem # 0
(000)
1
1
1
1
(001)
2
2
2
32
33
34
Byte5
40
41
42
Byte6
2
(010)
1
3
3
3
(011)
2
1
4
4
(100)
1
2
1
5
(101)
2
3
2
6
(110)
1
1
3
7
(111)
2
2
4
0
1
2
Byte1
8
9
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
24
25
26
Byte4
32
33
34
Byte5
40
41
42
Byte6
0
1
2
Byte1
8
9
10
Byte2
0
1
2
Byte1
8
9
10
Byte2
0
1
2
x
x
x
NEC Confidential
Byte1
Destination MAC Address
VLAN ID Ether Type Port No.
Exclusive OR results
MODEM#1
MODEM#2
Port1
MODEM#3
MODEM#4
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using certain bits of each parameters. (first 3 bits of each byte) The source address, destination address, VLAN ID, etc are different values between several streams, the XOR result decide the link to be transmitted. 238
Distribution algorithm – L3 Base Byte6 Source IP Address
IPv4
Byte5
Byte4
Byte3
Byte2
Byte1
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Byte12
Byte11
Byte10
Byte9
Byte8
Byte7
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
Byte16
Byte15
Byte14
Byte13
127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99
Byte6
Byte5
Byte4
Byte3
IPv4
Byte2
98
97
96
Byte1
47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination IP Address
Byte12
Byte11
Byte10
Byte9
Byte8
Byte7
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47
Byte16
Byte15
Byte14
Byte13
127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99
Byte2 Source TCP Port No.
Byte1
Byte2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Destination TCP Port No.
8
1
2
Byte1
9
10
Byte2
16
17
18
Byte3
24
25
26
Byte4
1
2
Byte1
0
9
10
Byte2
16
8
17
18
Byte3
24
97
Byte1
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Bits 0
98
LAG Source IP Address
MODEM#1
Distribution Results iPASO 400 Exclusive OR Results
Two modems
Three modems
Four modems
MODEM#2
Output Modem # Destination IP Address
0
(000)
1
1
1
1
(001)
2
2
2
25
26
Byte4
2
(010)
1
3
3
0
1
2
Byte1
3
(011)
2
1
4
8
9
10
Byte2
4
(100)
1
2
1
0
1
2
Byte1
5
(101)
2
3
2
8
9
10
Byte2
6
(110)
1
1
3
x
x
x
7
(111)
2
2
4
TCP Source Port TCP Destination port
Exclusive OR Results
Port1
MODEM#3
MODEM#4
239
96
Distribution algorithm L2 Base 00
00000000
000
Byte1
01
00000001
001
Byte2
02
00000010
010
Byte3
03
00000011
011
Byte4
04
00000100
100
Byte5
05
00000101
101
Byte6
00
00000000
000
Byte1
05
00000101
101
Byte2
06
00000110
110
Byte3
07
00000111
111
Byte4
08
00001000
000
Byte5
09
00001001
001
Byte6
64H
01100100
100
Byte1
Source MAC Address
Destination MAC Address
MAC SA= 00:01:02:03:04:05(hex)
1
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
00000001
001
Byte1
001
MAC DA= 00:05:06:07:08:09(hex)
VLAN ID
Byte2 0800H
LAG MODEM#1
MODEM#2
VLAN ID= 64(hex)
Ether Type
ethertype= 800(hex) Port1
Port No.
MODEM#3
Exclusive OR results MODEM#4
Distribution Results iPASO 400 Exclusive OR Results
Two modems
Three modems
Four modems
Output Modem # 0
(000)
1
1
1
1
(001)
2
2
2
2
(010)
1
3
3
3
(011)
2
1
4
4
(100)
1
2
1
5
(101)
2
3
2
6
(110)
1
1
3
7
(111)
2
2
4
NEC Confidential
(1)
Source MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (001) XOR (010) XOR (011) XOR (100) XOR (101) = 001(bin)
(2)
Destination MAC Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (101) XOR (110) XOR (111) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 101(bin)
(3)
VLAN ID XOR Result = (100) = 100(bin)
(4)
ethertype XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) = 000(bin)
(5)
Source Port Number = 001(bin)
240
Distribution algorithm L3 Base 192
11000000
000
Byte1
168
10101000
000
Byte2
0
00000000
000
Byte3
100
01100100
100
Byte4
192
11000000
000
Byte1
168
10101000
000
Byte2
1
00000001
001
Byte3
200
11001000
000
Byte4
80
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
00000000
000
Byte1
00001000
000
Byte2
80
101
Source IP Address
Destinati on IP Address TCP Source Port
LAG
TCP Destinati on port
MODEM#1
Exclusive OR Results
MODEM#2
Distribution Results iPASO 400 Exclusive OR Results
Two modems
Three modems
Four modems
Port1
MODEM#3
Output Modem # 0
(000)
1
1
1
IP SA= 192.168.0.100
1
(001)
2
2
2
2
(010)
1
3
3
IP DA= 192.168.1.200
3
(011)
2
1
4
TCP SRC= 80
4
(100)
1
2
1
5
(101)
2
3
2
TCP DST= 80
6
(110)
1
1
3
7
(111)
2
2
4
NEC Confidential
MODEM#4
(1)
Source IP Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (100) = 100(bin)
(2)
Destination IP Address XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) XOR (001) XOR (000) = 001(bin)
(3)
SRC TCP Port XOR Result = (000) XOR (000)= 000(bin)
(4)
DST TCP Port XOR Result = (000) XOR (000) = 000(bin)
241
Distribution algorithm MPLS Base Initial hash, hash_key[127:0] is defined below Bits
Corresponding Label
127:112
MPLS Top Label [15:0]
111:96
MPLS second Label [15:0]
95:0
All “0”
If top label BOS field=1, all “0”
Apply CRC16 to the hash_key [127:0] and obtain 16 bit result Extract bits [7:0] of the CRC16 results and convert hexadecimal to decimal and divide by the number of LAG ports and note the remainder Remainder
The remainder corresponds to the Port ID of the LAG group
LAG
Port ID
0 1 2 3
MODEM#1
0 1 2 3
Port ID 0 MODEM#2 Port ID 1 Port1
MODEM#3 Port ID 2
Label
Example CRC output Low 8 bits
Decimal
Remainder 2 Modems
3Modems
0
F59c
9c
156
0
0
1
B6db
Db
219
1
0
2
Ca3b
3b
59
1
2
3
897c
7c
124
0
1
4
3520
20
32
0
2
5
d667
67
103
1
1
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242
Example of demonstration configuration (L2 based) LAG (L2 based) MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1 MODEM#2
MODEM#2
56MHz, 258QAM
Stream-1 Ethernet
Stream-2
Tester
Stream No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:01:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
Stream-1: Distribution Result = (011) XOR (011) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 011(bin) è 3(dec) Stream-2: Distribution Result = (011) XOR (000) XOR (010) XOR (000) XOR (001) = 000(bin) è 0(dec)
NEC Confidential
Distribution Result
Output port
0 (000)
MODEM#1
1 (001)
MODEM#2
2 (010)
MODEM#1
3 (011)
MODEM#2
4 (100)
MODEM#1
5 (101)
MODEM#2
6 (110)
MODEM#1
7 (111)
MODEM#2
243
Example of demonstration configuration (L3 based) LAG (L3 based) MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1 MODEM#2
MODEM#2
56MHz, 256QAM
Stream-1 Ethernet
Stream-2
Tester
Stream No.
Dst MAC
Src MAC
VLAN ID
Dst IP Address
Src IP Address
Dst TCP port
Src TCP port
Stream-1
Any
Any
Any
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.11
80
80
Stream-2
Any
Any
Any
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.12
80
80
Stream-1: Distribution Result = (010) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 010(bin) è 2(dec) Stream-2: Distribution Result = (101) XOR (000) XOR (000) XOR (000) = 101(bin) è 5(dec)
NEC Confidential
Distribution Result
Output port
0 (000)
MODEM#1
1 (001)
MODEM#2
2 (010)
MODEM#1
3 (011)
MODEM#2
4 (100)
MODEM#1
5 (101)
MODEM#2
6 (110)
MODEM#1
7 (111)
MODEM#2
244
Example of demonstration configuration (MPLS based) LAG (MPLS based) MODEM#1
MODEM#1
Port1
Port1 MODEM#2
MODEM#2
28MHz, 256QAM
Stream-1 Ethernet
Stream-2
Stream No.
Tester
Dst MAC
Src MAC
EXP
MPLS 1st Label
Stream-1
Any
Any
Any
1
Distribute
Stream-2
Any
Any
Any
3
Distribute
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245
Notes (1/2) •
The distribution algorithm is calculated by using certain bits of each parameters. Therefore, even if the source address, destination address, VLAN ID, etc are different values between several streams, the XOR result can becomes the same
(example)
•
Stream No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
XOR result
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:11
10 (hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
The distribution algorithm uses the XOR result. Therefore, even if the different values are used between several streams, the XOR result might become the same. These bits are tot used bits
(example)
NEC Confidential
Stream No.
Dst MAC Address
Src MAC Address
VLAN ID
ethertype
XOR result
Stream-1
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:02:00:01
10 (hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
Stream-2
00:00:00:01:00:02
00:00:00:01:00:02
10 (hex:0A)
0800
3(dec)
246
Radio Traffic aggregation (PRTA) Physical Layer aggregation • Radio Traffic Aggregation Physical Layer (PRTA) – Fragments the packet with variable length, and distributes the fragmented packets to two radio links fairly with roundrobin algorithm – Provides redundancy to the radio link the traffic can be transmitted by the remaining links though the bandwidth decreases when the failure occurs. – Enables single antenna high capacity transport with using PRTA and XPIC simultaneously
14MHz/128QAM
RTA 300Mbps
NEC Confidential
Distribute rate 1:2
200Mbps Link#2
28MHz/128QAM
56MHz/512QAM
515Mbps
PRTA can use different rate links as radio link group And also, PRTA can be used with hitless AMR
100Mbps
Link#1
RTA
XPIC
Link#1
V H
1Gbps
515Mbps
247
Radio Traffic Aggregation Physical Layer (PRTA) RTA MAC: d
MAC: c MAC: b
VLAN: d VLAN: c VLAN: b
7
5
3
1
Link#1
MAC: a VLAN: a
Flexible efficient Fragmentation
6
4
2
Link#2 7
5
6
•
•
4
2
Distributed fairly and sequentially with round-robin algorithm
Ethernet packets are fragmented to variable lengths without adding the padding data for less than 64 bytes length packets. –
•
1
3
In the case of fixed length fragmentation, the last fragmentation packet might be less than 64 bytes due to input packet length. When the fragmentation packet is less than 64 bytes length, its packet is added the padding data to become 64 bytes length. The addition of padding data would cause jitter.
The fragmented packets are distributed fairly and sequentially to two radio links with round-robin algorithm. Special Modem card is required. 248
PRTA operation Capacity
Capacity
MODEM
A＋ B RTA
Modem
Modem
MODEM Modem
Capacity B
A+B RTA
MCA4
MCA4
MODEM RTA
Capacity A
MODEM Modem
RTA
▌PRTA needs special modem card. MODEM-A cannot be used at PRTA ▌Maximum number of radio link supporting PRTA is two.
Modem-A -NWA-055300-001 (non PRTA modem) Modem-A -NWA-055300-102 (PRTA compatible modem) NEC Confidential
249
PRTA in aggregation link Capacity A＋B
MODEM
PRTA
Modem
MODEM
PRTA
Modem
Capacity B
Modem
MODEM
MODEM
Modem
Modem
PRTA
Modem
Capacity D
PRTA
MODEM
Capacity C+D
MODEM
PRTA
MODEM Modem
Capacity C
Capacity A+B
PRTA
MCA4(L2 SW)
MCA4（L2 SW)
PRTA
Capacity A
Capacity C+D
MODEM Modem
PRTA
1.6Gbs input require 2xGbE interfaces NEC Confidential
250
RADIO AGGREGATION SETTING
iPASOLINK 400 Modem Slot1
Modem Slot2
Modem slot3
Modem slot4
Not used
Not used
Group1 Group1
Not used Group1
Group1
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Group2
251
Radio Aggregation Setting iPaso200-D Mod1 Mod2 P1 P1
Ethernet Tester P1 iPaso200-E Mod1 Mod2 P1
iPaso400-F Mod1
Mod2 P1
STM-1
iPaso400-B
MSE
Mod1
16E1
Mod2 P1
STM-1
MSE
16E1 E1
Ethernet Tester
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252
RADIO CONFIGURATION (1 of 4) 1
Click the Equipment Setup Menu and select Radio Configuration to open the Equipment Setup – Radio configuration screen
2
Click the Setup Icon to open the Setup 1 Detailed MODEM Setting of SW/XPIC GRP or Slot Unit window.
2
Radio configuration window shows the existing radio configuration including the ODU frequency, parameters of radio channels. Configuration depend on the Equipment Configuration NEC Confidential
253
RADIO CONFIGURATION (2 of 4) 3
Enter the radio parameters and TDM mapping for the Modem (Slot 01).
Specification and information of the ODU connected to the selected Modem
Green border on the Set Position section modem configuration show the selected modem
Current setup of the selected modem ‘s radio configuration
Select the channel spacing of the radio signal Select the reference Modulation of the radio signal
Select the Radio Mode, High Capacity or High System Gain 3
Show the assignment of TDM and Ether capacities. TDM Channels are assigned from the AMR /Radio Mapping configuration Menu(Rel3) Show the available Ether bandwidth after E1 and STM-1 traffic mapping. Enter TX/RX point frequency within the Start and Stop frequency of the ODU shown above.
When all four modems are mounted in (1+0) configuration
Enter the radio signal Frame ID (1 ~ 32) Select the TX Power Control Mode. ATPC or MTPC. Parameter setting for each mode is from provisioning menu Select whether the aggregation distribution Mode is based on Packet layer or Physical Layer. (Physical Layer require PRTA Modem)
NEC Confidential
Select Radio Aggregation used or not used (up to 3 modems are mounted)
254
RADIO CONFIGURATION (3 of 4) 4
5
Confirmation screen shows the changes in blue background. Confirm the setting and click OK
Enter the radio parameters and TDM mapping for each of the configured Modem slots, and click Next
4
Repeat for Modems in Slot 3 and 4 if configured Select the Channel spacing to be used from the drop down list
5
Select the Reference or fixed modulation to be used from the drop down list Select the maximum number of E1 to be used Select whether STM-1 is to be used in the through mode Confirm the available Ether band width Set the TX & RX Frequency Select the Frame ID to be used (1 ~ 32) TX Power control mode ATPC or MTPC After changing the setting for Modem 1 and click the Next button
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255
RADIO CONFIGURATION (4 of 4 ) Modem radio configuration
NEC Confidential
Item
Parameter
Description
Channel Spacing Reference Modulation
7/14/28/56 [MHz] QPSK 16/32/64/128/256[QAM]
Specify the radio channel spacing Specify the reference modulation from the list
Radio Mode
High Capacity High System Gain
E1 Mapping
For High Capacity: to 152 [CH] 56MHz
0
Indicate the Mapped E1 channels E1 and STM-1 through mode channel
0 to 86 [CH] 28MHz For High System Gain : 0
mapping is carried out from AMR/Radio Mapping Configuration
to 152 [CH] 56MHz 0 to 77 [CH] 28MHz
Menu
STM-1 Mapping
0 to 2 [CH]
Indicate the number of STM-1 CH mapped to the radio
ETH Bandwidth
[Mbps]
Display the bandwidth of the ether traffic after TDM mapping if any
TX RF Frequency
xxxxx.xxx [MHz]
Enter transmit frequency
RX RF Frequency
xxxxx.xxx [MHz]
receive frequency (automatically)
Frame ID
1 - 32
Set frame ID
TX Power Control Radio Traffic Aggregation
MTPC/ATPC Not used/ Radio GRP 1~6
Set transmit power control mode Radio aggregation usage
Support Version
Ver.1 Packet Layer Ver. 2 Packet layer & Physical Layer
Distribution Mode
Packet Layer (L2 & L3) Physical layer (L1)
256
Radio aggregation – VLAN setting Packet Layer Radio aggregation can be modified using the
1
1
Select VLAN setting from the Provisioning ETH Function Setting Menu
2
Select the LAG Radio group1 and assign the VLANs to the aggregation group as well as the ETH Ports to be used.
3
Click the OK button to go back to VLAN Setting screen.
4
Confirm that the VLANs are assigned to the Radio Aggregation Group and the ETH port(s)
2
4 2
3
NEC Confidential
257
Radio Aggregation – LAG Setting 2 1
1
Select Link Aggregation Setting from the Provisioning ETH Function Setting Menu Link Aggregation Setting screen shows the Radio GRP1 in the Link aggregation Group section. Default Distribution rule is L2 Base
2
3 2
To assign a name to the LAG (optional) or change the distribution rule, click the Modify Link Aggregation icon.
3
Enter the Link aggregation Group name in the LAG Name field. (32 Characters). Click the Distribution Rule drop down list and select L2 Base or L3 Base or MPLS Base as the distribution rule. L2 Base uses the MAC address as the distribution criteria, L3 Base uses the IP address as the distribution criteria MPLS Base uses the MPLS label as the distribution criteria
4
Click the OK button to apply the changes Note: Radio LAG cannot be added or deleted from this window NEC Confidential
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258
Radio Aggregation – Alarm/Status Radio Aggregation status is shown in Current Status under the Modem/ODU and IDU tabs.
1
2
1
When the Links in the aggregation loop are normal Radio Traffic aggregation Port Status indicate as Active, It shows as Standby the links that are down.
2
When at least one link in the Radio aggregation group is normal Radio Traffic Aggregation Link status is shown as Normal. If all the links in the radio aggregation Group are down then the Radio Traffic Aggregation Link Status is shown as Alarm
NEC Confidential
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LINK AGGREGATION SETTING - port
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Link Aggregation Setting P3
iPaso200-D Mod1 Mod2
P2 P1
P2
Ethernet Tester P1
iPaso200-E
P3
Mod1 Mod2 P1
P2
iPaso400-F Mod1
Mod2
STM-1
iPaso400-B
MSE
Mod1
Mod2
STM-1
16E1 P1
P2
MSE
16E1 P1
P3
P2
P3
Ethernet Tester NEC Confidential
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What’s & Why LAG? What’s LAG? Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs), provide increased bandwidth and high reliability by combining several interfaces into one logical link, and to provide redundancy in case one of the links fails. Why LAG? – Higher link availability: If a link within a LAG fails or is replaced, the traffic is not disrupted and communication is maintained – Increased link capacity: the capacity of multiple interfaces is combined into one logical link. – Load sharing: Traffic is distributed across multiple links, minimizing the probability that a single link be overwhelmed.
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How does LAG Work? How does LAG work? – The standard states, “Link Aggregation allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group, such that a MAC client can treat the Link Aggregation Group as if it were a single link”. This layer 2 transparency is achieved by the LAG using a single MAC address for all the device’s ports in the LAG group. •
LAG implement ways: – LAG N is the load sharing mode of LAG. • The LAG N protocol automatically distributes and load balances the traffic across the working links within a LAG – LAG M:N provides the working/protection mode • M: active links • N: standby links. • Total member: M+N=8
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Static vs. Dynamic LAG (1) •
Static Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs) – Treat multiple switch ports as one switch port for high-bandwidth connections – A static LAG balances the traffic load across the links in the channel. If a physical link within the static LAG fails, traffic over the failed link is moved to the remaining links.
•
Dynamic Link Aggregation Groups (LAGs) – Dynamic LAG uses a peer-to-peer protocol for control, called the Link Aggregate Control Protocol (LACP), specified in the IEEE standard 802.3ad – LACP Ensures smooth and steady traffic flow by automating the configuration, reconfiguration and maintenance of aggregated links.
Dynamically exchanging information between two switches in order to configure and maintain link aggregation groups automatically. – Load sharing is maintained and automatically readjusted – LACP interface supports two modes of operation • Passive: The interface does not initiate the LACP exchange, but replies to the received LACP packet. • Active: The interface issues LACP PDUs due to its own reasons and may initiate LACP exchange with either a passive or another active connected interface.
NEC Confidential
Link Aggregation
264
LINK AGGREGATION Setting 2
1
1 Select Link Aggregation Setting From the ETH
Function Setting menu.
Link Aggregation Setting screen shows the current Link aggregation groups and Link aggregation Ports 2 Click the Add LAG icon to open the ADD LAG window
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LINK AGGREGATION Setting
LINK AGGREGATION GROUP SETTING 3 LAG Name: Enter a name for the LAG Group 4 Mode: Select the LAG mode, LACP-Active,
3 4
5 6 Two sides of the aggregation link should be set to : 7
LACP-Passive or Static from the drop down list Static / Static LACP-Active / LACP Active LACP-Passive / LACP Active
8
5 TX Interval: The interval for LACP PDU
transmission select Short (1Sec)or Long (30Sec) radio button 6 Revertive: If static mode is selected select
Revertive or non Revertive . For LACP Active or Passive mode always Revertive is selected
9
7
Click the Distribution Rule drop down list and select L2 Base or L3 Base or MPLS Base as the distribution rule. L2 Base uses the MAC address as the distribution criteria, L3 Base uses the IP address as the distribution criteria MPLS Base uses the MPLS label as the distribution criteria
8
LINK AGGREGATION PORT SETTING Before setting the LAG Ports enable the ports to be used from the Ether Port Setting Select the ETH GRP# from the LAG drop down list for the ports to be used in the aggregation group Select the Port Role Active or Standby from the radio buttons. Select all ports Active for all links to be used for aggregation. Select any port as Standby for that port to be used in case of failure of an Active link. 9 Click the OK button on the Complete dialog window
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LINK AGGREGATION Setting ■
Click the Modify Link Aggregation icon on the Link Aggregation Setting screen.. Select the LAG group to be modified from the LAG drop down list . Modify the Link Aggregation parameters for the selected LAG and click OK Click the Delete LAG icon to open the Delete LAG window. Select the top most check box to delete all created link aggregation groups ■
Select the individual check boxes to delete the selected link aggregation groups
■
Click the OK button to delete the selected LAG groups.
■ ■
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Link Aggregation – Alarm/Status Link Aggregation status is shown in Current Status under the IDU and GbE tabs.
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iPASOLINK MAC Header Compression
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MAC Header Compression Click the OK button.MAC DA IFG PRE 12
8
6
MAC SA 6
VLAN 4
L 2
IP V4/V6
Packet 46 -1500
FCS 4
Ethernet Frame
20bytes
First compression
MAC DA 6
MAC SA 6
VLAN 4
L 2
IP V4/V6
Packet 46 -1500
FCS 4
Ethernet Frame with Preamble compression
12bytes VLAN 4
Second compression
L 2
IP V4/V6
Packet 46 -1500
FCS 4
Ethernet Frame with Preamble & MAC compression
IPV4 Header 24 Byte IPV6 Header 40 Bytes
Third compression
Packet 46 -1500
Packet 46 -1500
FCS 4
Ethernet Frame with Preamble & MAC compression and IPV4 or V6 (including VLAN compression
Above including FCS in Enhanced Mode
L1 Wire speed (Tagged frame 64bytes packet size) 7MHz 14MHz 28MHz 40MHz 56MHz Compressed Headers
QPSK 16QAM
17 34
34 69
69 139
86 172
139 280
32QAM 64QAM
43 51
86 104
174 209
216 259
350 420
256QAM
60 69
121 138
244 279
303 346
490 560
512QAM 1024QAM
-
-
313 349
388 432
628 700
2048QAM
-
-
384
476
770
L2 compression 128QAM
Store Headers up to 2048
NEC Confidential
Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps
270
MODEM PORT & Header Compression Setting
Select Modem Function Setting on the provisioning menu and click on the Modem Port setting. Click MODEM (Slot#), to open the Modem port name setting window Enter the Modem Port Name ( 32 Characters) Click the Header Compression Mode drop down list and select the type of compression to be used Click the Enhanced Mode Check Box to use this mode (see table below) Click the OK button to close the window
LCT setting item Disable MAC (basic version) MAC+IPv4 MAC+IPv6
If Remote NE Compression setting is already set it will be indicated in the Remote Header Compression section NEC Confidential
MAC+MPLS［High］ Enhanced MAC+IPv4 Enhanced MAC+IPv6 Enhanced MAC+MPLS
L2 header MAC VLAN × × ○ × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
L3&L4 header IPv4 IPv6 × × × × ○ － － ○ － － ○ － － ○ － －
MPLS Label × － － － ○ － － ○
FCS remove × × × × × ○ ○ ○
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Header Compression Status
If there is a mismatch in the Header compression setting in Local and Remote sides. It will be shown in the Modem Port setting window as shown above and giving an alarm Compression setting Mismatch. Compression setting Mismatch alarm can be seen in current status screen, Active alarm tab and Modem/ODU tab.
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Compression Effectiveness (IPv4)
L1 Throughput (Mbps)
BW=28MHz 256QAM
IPv6 also available and more effective
Packet size (Bytes) NEC Confidential
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Pseudo Wire Emulation
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About ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery) • •
Inserts clock information to packet header (Control Word or RTP) Recover clock information at clock slave node Central Office Master Node
TDM Equipment
Carrier PSN
TDM to Packet
Time Stamp
Primary Reference Source
TDM Equipment
Queue
Packet to TDM
T1/E1
Time Stamp
¦ Service
Clock Encode
E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node
NEC Confidential
Slave Node
In-Band E1
fReference
Customer Premises
Filter
¦ Service
ACR is used at slave node
275
iPASOLINK PWE configuratgion
Modem-1
Modem-2
E1 Ethernet BUS Modem
XC MB 16E1
PWE CH1
MSE
L2SW
PWE CH64
STM-1 -Chanellized
E1 Line sync or NE clock is used at master node
NEC Confidential
FE / GbE Ports
ACR is used at slave node
276
PWE-Setting Expand the provisioning menu and click on the PWE Setting. PWE setting window for the MSE card appears showing the current PWE setting.
Click the Add PWE icon to open the PWE Setting wizard
NEC Confidential
Click on the Detail for any PWE No. to see the detail information for the selected PWE No.
Click on the PWE No. to open the PWE Modifying wizard
277
PWE Setting – Wizard Step1(PWE Setting) 1
1
Click Add PWE icon on the PWE Setting screen. Step 1 of the PWE setting wizard opens
2
Enter the PWE No. value between (1 ~ 256)
3
Enter the PWE Service Name
4
Click the MSE E1 CH drop down list and select the MSE E1 channel number for this connection
7 2 3
4
5
Click the Jitter Buffer drop down arrow and select the size of the jitter buffer in mili seconds
6
Click the Clock Mode drop down arrow and select the clock mode. For master side select NE clock of Sync E1. for the slave side select ACR
6
5
For CH 17 - 64
For Ch17 to Ch64, ACR Slave setting select one of the already configured E1 CH (1-16) to be used for ACR 7
Click the Detail Option icon to open the detail option setting screen. Select the E1 frame size for the PWE Capsule. (1 ~ 8 frames)
8
To use the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) select the ON radio button. Default is off. Click OK button to close the Detail Option window.
9
Click next to go to PWE wizard Step2
7 8
9 NEC Confidential
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PWE Setting Item PWE No. PWE Service Name MSE E1 CH Jitter Buffer Clock Mode
Assign CH Capsule E1 frame Size RTP Header CoS ECID Destination MAC Address
NEC Confidential
Parameter 1 to 256 0 to 32 1 to 64 2ms, 4ms, 8ms,16ms, 32ms, 64ms, 128ms MSE E1 CH No. 1 to 16 NE Clock , ACR, SYNC E1 MSE E1 CH No. 17 to 64 NE Clock, ACR Slave, Sync E1 1 to 16 1 to 8 On / Off 0 to 7 1 to 1048575 Opposite MSE or broadcast MAC address
Description Service number of PWE Service name of PWE E1 cross connect CH Jitter Buffer (8MS means +/_ 4ms jitter buffer Transmit TDM synchronization source clock select. Refer to the figures below
When ACR Slave mode is selected Select RTP header option Class of Service Value of PWE Emulated Circuit ID, specify ID for the PWE If broadcast MAC address (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff)
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PWE Setting – Wizard Step2 (select VLAN ID) 10
Enter the Class of Service (CoS) Priority levels for the PWE packets
11
Enter the Unique Emulated Circuit Identifier (ECID) number for the PWE circuit
12
Enter the Destination MSE Card MAC Address
13
Select the radio button of the VLAN ID for the Packets sent out for this PWE circuit.
14
If the required VLAN ID is not in the list, click the Add VLAN ID icon. From the add VLAN ID window enter the VLAN ID and VLAN Service name Click ok to add the VLAN to the VLAN list.
15
Click the Next button to get the PWE Wizard Step3 Setting Confirmation window
14 10 11 12
13
14
15
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PWE Setting – Wizard Step3 (Confirmation)
16
Confirm the setting for this PWE circuit and click OK. If not click Back and change the setting.
16
Confirm that the PWE circuit is listed.
16 17
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PWE Setting – Cross-connect
1
To assign E1 from Main board or other 16E1 card to the MSE-A card. Select the cross connect setting menu.
2
Click Add , from the cross connect (Add) window. Assign the E1 channels to the MSE-A card created PWE channels.
2
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PWE Setting iPaso200-E Mod1 Mod2
23GHz
P1 P1
ODU-Back
iPaso200-A Mod1 Mod2 M2
L
P1 P1
22484 / 21252
M1 H
ODU-2 7GHz 7310/7156
iPaso400-F Mod1
Mod2 P1
STM-1
H M1 Mod1
MSE
iPaso400-B Mod2 P1
16E1
STM-1
MSE
16E1 E1
E1
TDM Tester Ethernet Tester
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Filter Setting & Port Isolate L2 filter setting Port1: MAC=A à Deny MAC address=A user cannot access port1.
MAC address:A MAC address:B
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Provisioning – Filter Setting
Select Filter setting from the ETH Function Setting menu Filter setting is configured in several steps: Click the Filter List tab and create a list of filters to be used Click the Profile list tab and create profiles with one or more filters created in the filter list Click the port filter setting list tab and assign a profile to each port
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Filter Setting – Filter List Select the Filter list tab and click Add In the Add Filter Entry (Entry Index#) window select the following Filter rule is always Deny Source MAC Address Any (select Check Box) or enter the MAC address Destination MAC Address Any (select Check Box) or enter the MAC address CoS select Any (select check Box) or select (0~7) from the drop down list VLAN ID select Any (select check Box) or Enter the VLAN ID number (1~4094) Ethernet Type select Any (select check Box) or Enter Ethernet Type (0000~FFFF)
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Filter Setting – Profile List Select the Profile list tab and click Add In the Add Filter Profile window Enter a Name for the profile From the list of Filters shown, select the required filters for the selected profile by selecting the check boxes. Up to 10 filters can be selected per profile Click the Ok button
Click on a profile Index number to modify the profile
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Filter Setting – Port Filter Setting List
Select the Port Filter Setting List tab Click on the Port number. In the Ingress Filter Setting window click the Profile index drop down arrow and from the list select the profile to be used with the selected port. Click the OK button to apply the filter.
NEC Confidential
To See applied Filter details for the port click the profile index number corresponding to the port. Profile List detail window opens showing the filter list for the profile index selected.
288
Ether Function Setting – Port Isolate assigning ports to different VLANs is a typical way to isolate Layer 2 traffic for data privacy and security, but this way is VLAN resource demanding. To save VLAN resources, you can use the port isolation feature, which can isolate ports without using VLANs and allows for great flexibility and security. To use this feature, you can assign ports to a port isolation group. Ports in an isolation group are called “isolated ports”. Within the same VLAN, the ports in the same isolation group are isolated from each other, and can communicate with ports outside of the isolation group
Select Port Isolate Setting from the ETH Function Setting Menu Click on the Port# to be Isolated. Select the Enable radio button on the Port Isolate Setting window and click the OK button Click on the next Port# to be Isolated. Select the Enable radio button on the Port Isolate Setting window and click the OK button
Supported Ports: Ether Ports & Modem Ports
Traffic between the selected ports are isolated When port isolation is enabled in port 1 & 2
VLAN 100
1
2
VLAN 100
3
4
Traffic between the ports are not isolated NEC Confidential
1
2
VLAN 100
3
4
Traffic form the isolated ports pass to the ports outside the isolated group
1
2
3
4
Traffic form the isolated ports do not pass between the ports.
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Provisioning – L2CP Transparent / Mirroring Setting
Select L2CP Transparent / Mirroring Setting from the ETH Function Setting Menu Click a Port# from the L2CP Transparent / Mirroring Setting Screen. The L2CP Transparent / Mirroring Setting Configuration window for the selected port shows the current selection.. The Tunnel Enable Protocols are listed in the L2CP Transparency section. Check the boxes of the protocols to enable the PDU of the protocol transparent without processing STP / RSTP tunnel enabling function is not supported for the RSTP enabled port. Click the OK button to apply the changes
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Ether Function – L2CP Transparent/Mirror Setting Port Mirroring function outputs a copy of the packets on a certain Ethernet port to another Ethernet port. This function is used to monitor the traffic on an Ethernet port form another Ethernet port.
First select the port for Mirror ( Traffic of the wanted port will be monitored using this port) Click on the port# and from the L2CP Transparent / Mirror Setting window click on the Monitoring drop down list and select Mirror Click the OK button to close the window Next select the port for Monitoring (Port on which the traffic is to be monitored by the first port) Click on the port# and from the L2CP Transparent / Mirror Setting window click on the Monitoring drop down list and select Monitor click on the Monitoring Direction drop down list and select Ingress or Egress or Both as required Click the OK button to close the window
Supported Ports: FE/GbE ports (Monitored/Mirrored/Disabled per-port) Monitoring direction: Ingress/Egress/Both NEC Confidential
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Provisioning - Broadcast Storm Control Setting Broadcast Storm Control function protects user traffic from facing congestion due to broadcast storms due to network loop. iPASOLINK supports this function by discarding non-unicast traffic when they exceeds provisioned maximum rate. Supported ports: Ether & modem (enabled/disabled per-port) Rate:1-1000mbps (per-equipment) Types of frames: broadcast, multicast, unknown unicast
Select Broadcast Storm Control Setting from the ETH Function setting Menu. Broadcast Storm Control Setting screen shows the current setting and the ports enabled for control Click the Broadcast Storm Control Rate (Mbps) from underlined text to set the threshold for Broadcast Storm Control. (Default rate is 1000 Mbps) Enter the threshold value (Rate) between 1 to 1000 Mbps, and click the OK button NEC Confidential
Select port # in Main Board or Modem or FE/GbE INTFC to open the control window for Broadcast Storm Control. Default setting is Disabled. Click the Enable radio button to enable broadcast storm control function for the selected Port Click the OK button to apply and close the control window.
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NETWORK MANAGEMENT
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GENERAL SETTING Select the General Setting from the Network Management Configuration menu.. General setting current setting screen appears. Click the Edit icon to open the General setting edit window. This window allows the setting of bridge1 IP address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway.. Select the radio Button Yes or No for the Connect NMS port to NMS setting Click the OK button to apply the setting
Item
Parameter
Description
IP Address Setting (Bridge 1) (Primary IP address Setting) IP Address x.x.x.x Input IP Address of NMS port Subnet Mask Default Gateway
x.x.x.x x.x.x.x
Input Subnet Mask of NMS port Input Default Gateway IP address
Yes No
Use NMS Port Not use NMS Port
NMS Port Setting Connect NMS Port to NMS
Bridge 1 IP address is the Primary IP address of the NE NEC Confidential
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GENERAL SETTING (Detail) (1 of 4)
Select the General Setting (Detail) from the Network Management Configuration menu.. General Setting (Detail) Screen show the current settings of the detail network parameters. NE2 Port Setting (Async Port) Screen shows the current setting of:
Inband Management VLAN Setting Ethernet Port setting of NMS and NE1 ports NE Branch Setting NMS and LCT Port Setting
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GENERAL SETTING (DETAIL) 2 of 4 Item
Parameter
Description
NE2 Port Setting NE2 Port IP Address
x.x.x.x
Input IP Address of NE2 port
NE2 Port Usage
Used
Use NE2 port
Not Used
Not use NE2 port
NE2 Port Speed
9600
specify the line speed of NE2 port2
19200 Inband Management VLAN Setting Inband Management 1 to 16 Inband Management
Used / Not Used
VLAN usage VLAN ID
Select Used or not used for each Inband management stream (1 to 16)
1 ~ 4094
VLAN ID for Inband Management VLAN (default values are set for each stream, overwrite default values)
CoS
0 to 7
Class of service priority setting for inband VLAN tag sent from the IDU
Ethernet Port Setting NMS and NE1 ports Usage Auto Negotiation
Used
Use Ethernet port
Not Used
Not use Ethernet port
Enable
enable the Auto Negotiation of Ethernet port
Disable
Disable the Auto Negotiation of Ethernet port
Auto Discovery Setting Discovery Usage
Used or Not Used
Enable / disable auto search of the NEs through he selected ports
LLDP Mode
Standard
Enable working with NEC proprietary LLDP
Proprietary MAC
MAC. This setting is useful when external layer2 switch (that discard standard LLDP frames,) are used to connect two iPasolink management ports
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GENERAL SETTING (DETAIL) 3 of 4
Item
Parameter
Description
NE Branch Setting Default Gateway
x.x.x.x
Input the Default Gateway
NMS /NE1 ports item
Bridge No.
Modem Ports Inband
Appear when inband management #
Management #
is selected as used
bridge number for each of the above ports (1-20)
Bridge IP Address IP Address for each Bridge Bridge Subnet
Subnet mask for each Bridge
Mask M-Plane Bandwidth Limitation Bandwidth
Enable or Disable
Limitation
Limits the BW used for SV signal over the Radio Frame
Bandwidth (Kbps) 500 to 10000 Kbps Set the BW for the SV signal over the radio M-Plane Priority CoS
0-7
CoS priority value for the SV signal over the radio NMS Port Setting
Connect NMS
YES or No
Select yes or no for NMS connection to
Port to NMS
the port LCT Port Setting
Restrict LCT
Any
Connection
Only to Local NE
Allow Local & Remote NE LCT access Only Local NE access, Prevent Remote NE LCT access
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GENERAL SETTING (detail) 4 of 4
For each branch a bridge number is assigned. Input an IP address and subnet mask for each bridge.
For each port, modem and inband management # (used) listed select a Bridge to be associated
Select to which branch NMS port belongs to
Enter the Bridge 2, IP address and Subnet Mask
Select to which branch Inband Namagement02 belongs to NEC Confidential
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Inband DCN Configuration Example Inband Management VLAN 100
PNMSj
NE-A 10.8.0.5
NE-B 10.8.0.6
NE-C 10.8.0.7
Port01
Port01
Port01
iPASO
VID 100
NE-D 10.8.0.8
iPASO
VID 4095
Inband VID
NE-A (10.8.0.5) Inband Management VLAN: 100 Port01: Trunk Link MODEM1: Trunk Link
• NE-A (10.8.0.5) Port01/MODEM1 Inband DCN • Inband Management VLAN: 100 • Port01: Trunk Link
VID 4095 is automatically configured by software.
• MODEM1: Trunk Link NEC Confidential
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Inband DCN Setting
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IN-BAND DCN
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Out Of Band DCN Out of Band
NMS
Radio
Radio
Radio
Out of Band
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2 PNMS:172.10.0.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
GW:172.10.0.1
GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7 GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
Out of Band
NMS
NMS
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2 PNMS:172.10.0.2. GW:172.10.0.1
NEC Confidential
Back-to-Back
Radio
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4 GW:192.168.1.2.
Out of Band
Radio NMS
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6 GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7 GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
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Inband DCN Port1 Access VLAN10
Out of Band
Radio NMS
Radio
NMS
In Band Bridge1: 192.168.1.2 Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1 PNMS:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
GW:172.10.0.1
IB-MNG1 : Bridge2-VLAN10
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7 GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1 : Access-VLAN10
Port1 Access VLAN10
Radio
Port-1
Port-1
Radio
Out In of Band Band In Band
PNMS:172.10.0.2. GW:172.10.0.1
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2
IB-MNG1 : Bridge1-VLAN10
IB-MNG1 : Bridge1-VLAN10
Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
IB-MNG1-auto discover
IB-MNG1-auto discover
GW:172.10.0.2.
Port1 : Trunk-VLAN10
Port1 : Trunk-VLAN10
IB-MNG1 : Bridge2-VLAN10 Port1 : Access-VLAN10
Inband Management-1 :IB-MNG1
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DHCP Server / Relay Setting
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DHCP SERVER / RELAY NMS
CLIENT:172.10.0.2. GW:172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2 Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Radio
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1: Access (VLAN10)
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7 GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
DHCP Sever DHCP No.1 Bridge No.1 (192.168.1.2/24) IP Range (192.168.1.10 -192.168.1.15) Exceptions: none Security : any
iPASOLINK support DHCP server function. Up to 3 subnet DHCP frames can be transmitted to Ethernet port via inband VLAN Client-1
The DHCP server assigns a client an IP address taken from a predefined range for a given amount of time (lease time). When the lease time is over, the IP address will be considered free and can be assigned to another client. Fixed IP addresses can be defined on the DHCP server to allow certain clients to have their own IP address. Addresses. Can be reserved for a MAC address or a host name so these clients will have a fixed IP address that is configured automatically.
Client-2
Reservations — You can setup certain IPs to be handed out for certain MAC addresses (a MAC address is the unique number for a network adapter). This is generally used for clients or devices that must always have the same IP but you still want to manage through DHCP Server for other options (DNS or Gateway for example Exceptions — An exception is either a single IP or range that you do not want managed by the DHCP server. You would do this for the IPs that you would assign statically to devices like Servers that should always have the same.
When DHCP clients and associated servers do not reside on the same IP network or subnet, a DHCP relay agent can transfer DHCP messages between them.
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DHCP Server Setting 16384/00:25:5C:28:02:47(Mod em1)
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
From the Network Management Configuration Menu and select DHCP Server / Relay setting
DHCP Server / Relay setting display window showing the current setting for DHCP No 1 -16 DHCP No 1 - 3 are for DHCP Sever Setting DHCP No 4 -16 are for DHCP Relay Setting When clicked on the DHCP No. 1 – 3 tabs, display the DHCP clients detected in the DHCP Client Table. Registered MAC address Table list the MAC Addresses registered in the Server.
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DHCP Server Setting
Click the DHCP No. 1-3 for Server Setting and DHCP No.4-16 for Relay Setting Click the DHCP No. 1-3 for Server Setting Click on the Detail to set the DHCP Server Detail Setting
Click on the Detail to see the DHCP Server Detail Setting
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DHCP Server Setting
Click the Detail for DHCP Server Detail Setting Select DHCP Server from the Server / Relay Drop down list Bridge No. (IP Address) drop down list, shows the already configured bridges in the Network Management configuration -> General Setting (detail) menu. Select the Bridge No. for the DHCP Server. Enter the IP Address range for the DHCP Server by entering the Start and End IP addresses. (Entered values should be within the selected Bridge No, network address range Enter the IP Address range for the Exception by entering the Start and End IP addresses Select for Security , Any radio button or Only Reserved radio button.
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Enter the lease Time for the connection Select default Gateway, options are : Same as the Bridge Interface (selected bridge) Specify: specify the Gateway address below. Disabled: Disable the GW address To use DNS Sever Address: Select Used radio button and enter the Primary and Secondary DNS server Addresses To use Other Options select Used radio Button Enter the ID (range 0 – 255) Type: select from the drop down list Value:
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DHCP server setting – Other Option lWhen use “Other Option”, other control information such as NTP Server Address, WINS Server Address, DCHP Server Address etc. can be stored in the 'options' field of the DHCP message. lDHCP Option is defined by RFC2132. lThe kind of control information is specified with option ID. lOption ID information also is defined by RFC2132.
For example l DHCP Option 54 can specify DHCP Server Address. Therefore, in the above case, DHCP Client can recognize DHCP Server Address. l You can confirm DHCP Server Address by using “ipconfig /all” at command prompt.
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DHCP Server Setting
When a client receives an IP address, the client appears in the DHCP Client Table. If the client is not preregistered, Add is indicated at the end of the row for that client in the table. Click on the Add MAC Address icon to register the Client MAC addresses.
Enter the MAC Address to be registered and select the Distribution rule from the drop down list Select Auto : for the Server to Assign automatically from the IP Address range. Select Rejected : DHCP rejects request for IP address from this MACX address Select Fixed : Enter the IP Address to be assigned to the entered MAC address. NEC Confidential
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DHCP SERVER / RELAY NMS
CLIENT:172.10.0.2. GW:172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.2 Bridge2 : 172.10.0.1
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.4
Radio
Bridge1: 192.168.1.7
Bridge1: 192.168.1.6
GW:192.168.1.2.
Port1: Access (VLAN10)
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:192.168.1.2.
GW:172.10.0.2.
DHCP Sever DHCP No.1 Bridge No.1 (192.168.1.2/24) IP Range (192.168.1.10 -192.168.1.15) Exceptions: none Security : any
Client-1
Client-2
Client-3
Client-4
Client-1 Client-2 Client-3
Client-1: unable to contact DHCP Server and will get request has timed out Client-2: will get the IP address 192.168.1.10 Client-3: will get the IP address 192.168.1.12 Fixed address Client-4: will get the IP address if the security setting is Any. If only Registered it will not be assigned an IP Address.
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DHCP Server Setting
To Delete a registered MAC Address. Click the Delete MAC Address icon and select the check box of the MAC address to be deleted from the list and click OK
To release a client from the DHCP Client Table list, click the Forced Release IP Address icon and select the check box of the IP Address from the list. Released IP Address is free to be assigned to a different client.
Click on the Add indication in any of the listed MAC addresses that are not pre-registered to register them. Select the distribution method . If it is fixed then enter the IP address to be assigned. Click OK to register the selected MAC address.
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Equipment Utility
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Partial Equipment Config Download Use this function to download Program File, FPGA Data and Config Data from storage (Local PC or USB Memory) to update the NE.
1
From the Equipment Utility menu select Update (Storage-> NE ) Utility
2
Put the Equipment to Maintenance mode and select Config Data radio button. Click the Execute button
3 4
In the Update (storage-> NE) utility Config Data window click the select Config data type drop down list arrow. Select Partial Equipment Config
5
Browse to the location where the Equipment config file is located and select the config file. Click the Next button
6
Select the configuration items to upload by selecting from the check boxes. Click OK.
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LOG CLEAR FUNCTION MAINTENACE MODE
1
Select Log Clear Function from the Equipment Utility Menu..
2
Select the Radio button of the Log Type to be cleared, Alarm Log, Status Log, Command Log or All Logs and click the Execute button
3
Click OK on the confirmation screen. When complete information window opens click OK. NEC Confidential
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USB Memory Utility iPASOLINK System Configuration File Backup Procedure Configuration File Upload Procedure (IDU to USB) •Insert USB to Main Card •Wait until USB is detected (observe USB LED) flash •Protect SW ON (Up) •USB LED Blinks •Wait until USB LED Blinking stop •Protect SW OFF (Down) Remove USB from IDU
Configuration Upload Procedure (USB to IDU) IDU Power OFF •IDU Power OFF •Insert USB to Main card •Protect SW/ON (Up) •IDU Power ON •Maint LEDs on the Main Card starts to blink •About 2m 40sec after IDU Power ON USB LED Blinks (iPaso1000) •Main Card Maint LED Steady •After few seconds put Protect SW Down •IDU reboot start •Main card Maint LED stop The above process will take about 7minutes (Depends on configuration) •Active card Maint LEDs starts to blink
USB Memory utility allows to see the contents of the USB memory stick plugged in to the USB slot. It show the files inside folders named Config, IDU,FPGA and Inventory created in the USB stick
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SOFTWARE KEY ALLOCATOR
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Introduction •
•
What is Software Key Allocator (SKA) ? With SKA, You can reap the benefits of simplified software key upgrade and exchange software key for NEs. Customer Network (NMS) Key Features – Upgrade PNMSj SKA Client – Extraction & Storage Software Key – Relocation Allocator(SKA) PNMSj Client HUB
HUB Proxy, Firewall
Router ・・・
NEC
・・・ SKSS NEC Confidential
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System configuration and specification for SKA 1. SKA Server – OS : Windows 2008 Server R2 – Machine Spec •CPU : Quad core 2.40GHz or higher •Memory : 8GB or above (More than 16GB recommended) •Disk Capacity : 160GB or more Customer Network(NMS) 1 PNMSj 2. SKA Client Software Key ・・・ Allocator(SKA) – OS : Windows 7 PNMSj Client •Internet Explorer 8 HUB
3. Port for Internet ->SKA server and client access to SKSS server in NEC office through Internet.
2 SKA Client
HUB Proxy, Firewall
3 NEC
SKSS NEC Confidential
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Software Key Upgrade •
Issue “Upgrade Key” and download “Upgrade Key” to NEs. – Also after setup NEs in customer network, You can apply software key to NEs Flexibly.
Without SKA GLN / Local staff
SKSS
Issue “Upgrade Key”
NE
Customer Download “Upgrade Key”
NEC
Customer Network
With SKA Customer
SKSS Issue “Upgrade Key”
NEC
NEC Confidential
SKA
NE
Download “Upgrade Key”
Customer Network 320
Extraction & Storage、Relocation • •
You can extract current keys from NEs within DCN and store the key information. You can relocate a current key stored in the SKA to another NE within DCN.
Extraction
Relocation
User
User
SKA
NE
SKA NE Software Key Extraction
Pool Software Key
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Software Key Relocation
Relocate Software Key
321
Support NMS & NE Type 1. Support NMS – All NMS Supported ->PNMSj, MS5000, and so on... – NMS is needed following conditions ・Create the NE list file with defined format. ・Store the inventory file which is created by NE, to specified directory, ・We recommend that SKA can access above 2files with FTP.
1 Customer Network (NMS) PNMSj
PNMSj Client HUB
2. Supported NE type – iPASOLINK Series ->iPASOLINK 100/100E/200/400/1000 – 5000iP Series (*Only Upgrade Function)
2 Customer Network (NE) Router ・・・
・・・
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Environment for Demonstration
PNMSj
HUB
iPASO400 IDU [No.002]
iPASO400 IDU [No.001]
SKA
SKSS
SKA Client Screen shows the control of SKA client.
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Demonstration ＊There are NEs which have no upgrade SW Key. • Register the NMS • •
•
•
– –
– – – – – – – –
Register the NMS information to SKA. You can confirm the NE List is updated.
Upgrade Software Key
Select a NE and Upgrade the Software Key You can confirm when Upgrade is finished in journal log.
Extract Software Key from NE.
Select the NE whose Software Key is upgraded and Extract it from SKA. You can confirm when Extract is finished in journal log.
Relocate Software Key
Select the another NE, and relocate the Software Key which is extracted. (It takes 20 seconds around.) You can confirm when Relocate is finished in journal log.
Manage the user account
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Register the arbitrary user name Login with new account and check that it allows to see the screens without authority of executable .
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Future Support (1/2) •
Function Based Software Key Relocation (Dec/2012)
Select “100Mbps!
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Future Support(2/2) •
User Level Management (Dec/2012) – This function enables users to “Extract & Allocate” and “Upgrade” software keys. Current
Extract Upgrade & Allocate *Note *Note
Reference
Setting
Administrator User
New
N/A
N/A
Extract Upgrade & Allocate *Note *Note
N/A
Reference
Setting
Administrator User NEC Confidential
Selectable
Selectable
N/A 326
Procedure to introduce the SKA •
•
•
Get License for SKA. – Tell IP Address of SKA server machine – Get the License from SKSS system. Register the information of your SKA machine and Get the configuration files for SKA. – Tell IP Address and MAC address of SKA server machine. – Get the configuration files for SKA from SKSS. Install the configuration files to SKA. – Install the “SkssClientId.dat” and “SkssUri.dat” files to SKA Server.
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ABBREVIATIONS-1 Adjacent Channel Alternate
CIR
Committed Information Rate
DMM
Delay Measurement Message
Polarization
CKT
Circuit
DMR
Delay Measurement Reply
ACCP
Adjacent Channel Co-Polarization
CLK
Clock
DO
Data-out
ACK
Acknowledgement
CMF
Channel Mismatch Failure
DSCP
Differentiated Services Code Point
AGC
Automatic Gain Control
CMI
Coded Mark Inversion
DUP
Duplexer
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
CONV
Converter
DXC
Digital Cross Connect
ALM
Alarm
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker
E1
E-carrier level 1
ALS
Auto Laser Shutdown
Architecture
EBS
Express Burst Size
AMR
Adaptive Modulation Radio
CoS
Class of Service
EIR
Excess Information Rate
ANT, Ant.
Antenna
CPU
Central Processing Unit
EMC
Electro Magnetic Compatibility
Critical
ACAP
APS
Automatic Protection Switch
CR
EML
Element Management Layer
ATT
Attenuator
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
EMS
Element Management System
ATPC
Automatic Transmitter Power Control
CS
Channel Separation
EOW
C Order Wire
AU
Administrative Unit
CTRL
Control
EPS
ETH-Protection Switch
near end Code Violation
AUX
Auxiliary
CV
EQL
Equalizer
Ave
Average
CW
Carrier Wave
ERP
ETH-Ring Protection Switch
BBE
Background Block Error
DA
Destination Address
ES
Errored Seconds
BER
Bit Error Rate
DADE
Differential Absolute Delay Equalizer
ETH-CC
ETH-Continuity Check function
BPF
Band Pass Filter
DB
Database
ETH-LB
ETH-Loopback function
BS
Base Station
DC
Direct Current
ETH-LBM
ETH-Loopback Message
BSC
Base Station Controller
DCN
Data Communication Network
ETH-LBR
ETH-Loopback Reply
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
DEG
Degraded
ETH-LB
ETH-Loopback function
Drop Eligible Indicator
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
DEI
ETH-LT
ETH- Link Trace function
CBS
Committed Burst Size
DEM
Demodulator
ETH-LTM
ETH-Link Trace Message
CCDP
Co-Channel Dual Polarization
Des(Dest)
Destination
ETH-LTR
ETH-Link Trace Reply
CCM
Continuity Check Message
DI
Data-in
ETH-OAM
Ethernet Operations, Administration
Conference of European Postal &
DL
Download
Telecommunication Administration
DM
Delay Measurement
CEPT
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and Maintenance
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ABBREVIATIONS-2 ETH-OAM LB
ETH-OAM Loopback
ETH-OAM LT
ETH-OAM Link Trace
ETH-RDI
ETH-Remote Defect Indication function
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
EXC
Electrical Cross Connect
E-to-E.
End-to-End
Fail
Failure
F/B
Front Back Ratio
FCS
Frame Check Sequence
FDB
Forwarding Database
FE
Fast Ethernet
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FEBBE
Far End Background Block Error
FEES
Far End Errored Seconds
FESES
Far End Severely Errored Seconds
FEUAS
Far End Unavailable Seconds
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array
F/W
Firmware
GbE, GBE
Gigabit Ethernet
3GPP
Third Generation Partnership Project
GUI
Graphical User Interface
H
Horizontal
HDB
High Density Bipolar
HK
House Keeping
HP
Higher order Path
HYB
Hybrid
H/W
Hardware
NEC Confidential
ID
Identification
IDU
Indoor Unit
IE
Internet Explorer
IEC
International Electro technical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
I/F
Interface
IF
Intermediate Frequency
IHG
iPASOLINK High Grade
IN
Input
INTFC
Interface
I/O
Input/Output
IP
Internet Protocol
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R
Radio Communication Sector of ITU
ITU-T
Telecommunication Sector of ITU
L2SW
Layer2-Switch
LAN
Local Area Network
LB
Loopback
LBM
Loopback Message
LCD
Loss of Cell Delineation
LCT
Local Craft Terminal
LDPC
Low Density Parity Check
LED
Light Emitting Diode
Lev.
Level
LLF
Link Loss Forwarding
LM
Loss Measurement
LMM
Loss Measurement Message
LNA
Low Noise Amplifier
LO
Local Oscillator
LOC
Loss of Continuity
LOF
Loss of Frame
LOM
Loss of Multiframe
LOP
Loss of Pointer
LO REF
Local Reference Signal Loss
LOS
Loss of Signal
LP
Lower order Path
LPM
Link Performance Monitor
LT
Link Trace
LTI
Loss of incoming Timing Input
LTM
Link Trace Message
MAC
Media Access Control
MAIN
Main
MAINT
Maintenance
MAX
Maximum
Mdev
Mean Deviation
MDCPU
MODEM CPU
MDI
Medium Dependent Interface
MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover
MD4
Message Digest Algorithm 4
MD5
Message Digest Algorithm 5
MEG
Maintenance Entity Group
MEM
Memory
MEP
MEG End Point
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ABBREVIATIONS-3 MIN
Minimum
Octs
Octets
PMC
PASOLINK Management Card
MIP
Maintenance Intermediate Point
ODU
Out-Door Unit
PMON
Performance Monitor
MIX
Mixer
OFS
Out of Frame Second
PNMSj
MJ
Major
OMT
Ortho-Mode Transducer
MMC
Multi Media Card
OPEX
Operational expenditure
PPI
PDH PHY Interface
MME
Mobility Management Entity
OPP
Opposite
ppm
parts per million
PASOLINK Network Management System Java Version
MMG
Mismerge
OPR
Operation
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol
MN
Minor
OPT
Optical
PPS
Path Protection Switch
MOD
Modulator
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First
PQ
Priority Queuing
MODEM
Modulator Demodulator
OSS
Operation Support System
PRM
Parameter
MON
Monitor
OUT
Output
PROT
Protection
MPX
Multiplexer
OW
Oder Wire
PS
Power Supply
MS
Multiplex Section
PA
Power Amplifier
PSC
Protection Switching Counts
MSC
Mobile Switching Center
PBR
Pressurizable Type B, flange profile
PSD
Protection Switching Duration
MSDU
MAC Service Data Unit
square Rectangular
PWR
Power
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
PCP
Priority Code Point
QAM
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
QoS
Quality of Service
MTPC
Manual Transmitter Power Control
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
MUX
Multiplexing Equipment
PGM
Program
RCVR
Recover
N/A
Not Applicable
PHY
Physical
REF
Reference
NBI
Northbound Interface
PIR
Peak Information Rate
REM
Remote
NE
Network Element
PJE
Pointer Justification Event
RDI
Remote Defect Indication
NML
Network Management Layer
PJE-N
Pointer Justification Event Negative Stuff
RF
Radio Frequency
NMS
Network Management System
PJE-P
Pointer Justification Event Positive Stuff
RFS
Radio Frequency Systems
OAM
Operation Administration and
PKG
Package
RL
Relay
Maintenance
Pkts
Packets
RMON
Remote Network Monitoring
Occur
PLM
Payload Label Mismatch
RNC
Radio Network Controller
OCR
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ABBREVIATIONS-4 RPL
Ring Protection Link
SUB
Substitute
UNEXP
Unexpected
RS
Regenerator Section
SW
Switch
Unicast DMR
Unicast Delay Measurement Reply
RS-232
Recommended Standard 232
S/W
Software
UNM
Unexpected MEP
RSL
Received Signal Level
SWG
Switch Group
UNP
Unexpected Period
RST
Regenerator Section Termination
SYNC
Synchronous
USB
Universal Serial Bus
RSTP
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
TCI
Tag Control Information
V
Vertical
RX
Receiver
TCN
Threshold Crossing Notification
V
Volt
SC
Service Channel
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
VC
Virtual Channel
SD
Space Diversity
TDMoP
TDM over Packet
VLAN
Virtual LAN
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
TEMP
Temperature
VP
Virtual Path
SEG
Segment
TERM
Terminal
VPN
Virtual Private Network
SEP
Severely Errored Period
TF
Transmit Fail
VSWR
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
SES
Severely Errored Seconds
TIM
Trace Identifier Mismatch
WDM
Wavelength Division Multiplexing
SFP
Small Form factor Pluggable
TLV
Type Length Value
Web
World Wide Web
SGMI
Security Gateway Management
TM
Through Mode
WG
Waveguide
Interface
TNC
Threaded Neil Councilman
WR
Warning
SMS
Synchronous Multiplexing System
ToS
Type of Service
WRR
Weighted Round Robin
SMU
Source Measure Unit
TPID
Tag Protocol Identifier
WS
Wayside
SNCP
Sub-network Connection Protection
TQC
Total Quality Control
XCTRL
XPIC Control
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
TTL
Time To Live
X-DEM
XPIC Demodulator
XFP
SP
Strict Priority
TU
Tributary Unit
SPD
Speed
TX
Transmitter
SRC
Source MAC Address
UAE
UAS Event
XIF
XPIC IF
STAT
Status
UAS
Unavailable Seconds
XPD
Cross Polarization Discrimination Ratio
XPIC
STD
Standard
UL
Upload
STM
Synchronous Transport Module
UNEQ
Unequipped
STP
Spanning Tree Protocol
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10(X) Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable
Cross Polarization Interference Canceller
XREF
XPIC Reference
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