Introduction on Psychology for Social WorkerFull description
Descripción: psychology
THE NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY Why are some individuals shy and others outgoing? What causes people, such as Kira and Ray, to become attracted to one another and fall in love? Can we predict which re...
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Stock, J. Watson, M.
Descrição: greek meter
UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY 5e
Robert S. Feldman University of Massachusetts-Amherst
Prepared by Richard A. Davis Boston University
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Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology s
Psychology – the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
The Branches of Psychology s
The Biological foundations of behavior – biopsychology biopsychology • biological bases of behavior
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Sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking – experimental psychology • process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking
– cognitive psychology • higher mental processes
The Branches of Psychology s
Understanding change and individual differences – developmental psychology • how people grow and change from conception to death
– personality personality psychology • attempts to explain both consistency and change in a person’s behavior over time
The Branches of Psychology s
Physical and mental health – health psychology • relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
– clinical psychology • study, diagnosis, and treatment of abnormal behavior
– counseling psychology • educational, social, and career adjustment problems
The Branches of Psychology s
Physical and mental health – educational psychology • teaching and learning processes
– school psychology • assessing children with academic or emotional problems
The Branches of Psychology s
Understanding our social networks – social psychology • how people are affected by others
– psychology psychology of women • psychological factors related to women’s behavior and development
The Branches of Psychology s
Understanding our social networks – industrial-organizational psychology • psychology of the workplace
– consumer psychology • people’s buying habits, effects of advertising
– cross-cultural psychology • psychological functioning of various cultures and ethnic groups
The Branches of Psychology
The Branches of Psychology s
Newer specialty areas – evolutionary psychology – clinical neuropsychology – environmental psychology – forensic psychology – sport and exercise psychology – program program evaluation
The Demographics of the Discipline s
Psychology’s workplace – 33% universities and colleges – 22% self-employed – 19% private for-profit companies – 9% private not-for-profit organizations – 7% state or local government – 5% schools – 5% government
The Demographics of the Discipline s
Psychologists: a statistical portrait – 60% male but the % women is increasing – Most found in the United States (about 2/3) – Less than 6% minority
The Demographics of the Discipline s
The education of a psychologist – How do people become be come psychologists? • PhD • PsyD • Master’s degree
The Roots of Psychology s
Structuralism • Fundamental elements that form the foundation of thinking, consciousness, and emotions • Introspection
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Functionalism • The function of mental activity and behavior
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Gestalt psychology • “The whole is different from the sum of its parts”
Today’s Perspectives s
The biological perspective – Behavior from the perspective of biological functioning
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The psychodynamic perspective – Behavior is motivated by inner forces
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The cognitive perspective – How people know, understand, and think about the world
Today’s Perspectives s
The behavioral perspective – observable behavior should be the focus of study
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The humanistic perspective – people people are in control of their lives – free will
Psychology’s Key Issues and Questions s
Nature versus Nurture – how much of our behavior is due to heredity and how much is due to environment?
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Conscious versus unconscious determinants of behavior – how much of our behavior is produced by forces of which we are fully aware?
Psychology’s Key Issues and Questions s
Observable behavior versus internal mental processes – Should psychology concentrate solely on observable behavior?
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Freedom of choice versus determinism – How much of behavior is a matter of choice?
Psychology’s Key Issues and Questions s
Individual differences versus universal principles – How much of behavior is a consequence of the unique and special qualities that each of us possesses?
Psychology’s Future s s s
Psychology will become more specialized New perspectives will evolve Explanations for behavior will include genetic, environmental, biological, and social influences
Psychology’s Future s
Psychological treatment will become more accessible and socially acceptable
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Psychology’s influence will grow
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Psychology will consider the country’s growing diversity