col "Database Size" format a20 col "Free space" format a20 col "Used space" format a20 select round(sum(used. round(sum(used.bytes) bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 ) || ' GB' "Database "Database Size" Size" , round(sum(used.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 ) round(free.p / 1024 / 1024 / 1024) || ' GB' "Used space" , round(free.p / 1024 / 10 1024 / 1024) || || ' GB GB' "Free sp space" from (selectbytes (select bytes from v$datafile v$datafile union all select bytes from v$tempfile v$tempfile union all select bytes from v$log) used, (select sum(bytes) as p from dba_free_space) free group by free.p /
Distribution of objects and data
Which schemas are taking up all of the space set pages 999 col "size MB" format 999,999,999 col "Objects" format 999,999,999 select select obj.own obj.owner er "Owne "Owner",o r",obj_c bj_cnt nt "Obj "Objects ects", ", decode(seg_size, NULL, 0, seg_size) "size MB" from (select owner, count(*) obj_cnt from dba_objects group by owner) obj, (select owner, ceil(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) seg_size from dba_segments group by owner) seg where obj.owner = seg.owner(+) ord order by 3 desc ,2 desc, 1 /
Show the ten largest objects in the database
Col owner format a15 Col segment_name format a30 Col segment_type format a15 Col mb format 999,999,999 select owner,segment_name,segment_type,mb from(select owner,segment_name,segment_type,bytes / 1024 / 1024 "MB" from dba_segments order by bytes desc ) where rownum < 11 /
Is java installed in the database?
This will return 9000'ish if it is... select from where and /
count(*) all_objects object_type like '%JAVA%' owner = 'SYS'
Display character set information
select * from nls_database_parameters /
Show all used features
select name , detected_usages from from dba_ dba_fe feat atur ure_ e_us usag age_ e_st stat atis isti tics cs where detected_usages > 0 /
SESSION Show all connected users
set lines 100 pages 999 col ID format a15 select username,sid || ',' || serial# "ID",status, last_call_et "Last Activity" from v$session where username is not null order by status desc, last_call_et desc
/ Time since last user activity
set lines 100 pages 999 select username , floor(last_call_et / 60) "Minutes" , status from v$session where username is not null order by last_call_et
/ Sessions sorted by logon time
set lines 100 pages 999 col ID format a15 col osuser format a15 col login login_ti _time me format format a14 a14 select username , osuser , sid || ',' || serial# "ID" , status , to_ch _char(lo (logon_ on_time, me, 'hh 'hh24:mi :mi dd/m d/mm/yy /yy') login_t n_time , last_call_et from v$session whe where usern ername is is no not nu null order by lo login_time
/ Show user info including os pid
col "SID/SERIAL" format a10 col username format a15 col osuser format a15 col program format a40 select select s.sid s.sid || ',' || s.se s.serial rial# # "SID/S "SID/SERIA ERIAL" L" , s.username , s.osuser , p.spid "OS PID" , s.program
from , Where order
v$session s v$process p s.paddr = p.addr by to_number(p.spid)
/ Show a users current sql
Select sql_text from v$sqlarea where (address, hash_value) in (select sql_address, sql_hash_value from v$session where username like '&username')
/ Session status associated with the specified os process id
sele select ct , , , , , from , where and
s.us s.user erna name me s.sid s.serial# p.spid last_call_et status V$SESSION s V$PROCESS p s.PADDR = p.ADDR p.spid='&pid'
/ All active sql
set feedback off set serveroutput on size 9999 column username format a20 column sql_text format a55 word_wrapped begin for x in (select username||'('||sid||','||serial#||') ospid = '|| process || ' program = ' || program username, to_char(LOGON_TIME,' Day HH24:MI') logon_time, to_char(sysdate,' Day HH24:MI') current_time, sql_address, sql_hash_value from v$session where status = 'ACTIVE' and rawtohex(sql_address) <> '00' and username is not null ) loop for y in (select sql_text from v$sqlarea where address = x.sql_address ) loop if ( y.sql_text not like '%listener.get_cmd%' and y.sql_text not like '%RAWTOHEX(SQL_ADDRESS)%' ) then dbms_output.put_line( '--------------------' );
dbms_output.put_line( x.username ); dbms_output.put_line( x.logon_time || ' ' || x.current_time || ' SQL#=' || x.sql_hash_value); dbms_output.put_line( substr( y.sql_text, 1, 250 ) ); end if; end loop; end loop; end;
/ Display any long operations
set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a15 col message format a40 col remaining format 9999 sel select usern ername , to_ch _char(st (start_ rt_time, me, 'hh 'hh24:mi :mi:ss dd/mm /mm/yy') y') star tarted , time_remaining remaining , message from v$session_longops whe where time_ me_remai maining ing = 0 order by time_remaining desc / List open cursors per user
set pages 999 select sess.username , sess.sid , sess.serial# , stat.value cursors from v$sesstat stat , v$statname sn , v$session sess wher where e sess sess.u .use sern rnam ame e is is not not null null and sess.sid = stat.sid and stat.statistic# = sn.statistic# and sn.name = 'opened cu cursors cu current' order by value
/ Or alternatively... alternatively... set lines 100 pages 999 select count(hash_value) cursors , sid , user_name from v$open_cursor group by sid , user_name order by cursors /
INIT PARAMETERS Show latent parameter changes
select , from where
name value v$parameter ismodified != 'FALSE'
/ Show non-default parameters
set pages 999 lines 100 col name format a30 col value format a50 select name , value from v$parameter whe where isdef default = 'F 'FALSE' SE' and value is not null order by name
/ or for name='parameter' style... set pages 999 lines 100 select name || '=' || decode(type, 2, '''') || value || decode(type, 2, '''') parameter from v$parameter whe where isdef default = 'F 'FALSE' SE' and value is not null order by name
/ Reset/Unset a spfile parameter
Setting a parameter to =' ' often isn't enough. Do this instead... alter system reset scope=spfile sid='*'
/ The sid='*' bit is always necessary, even in non RAC database.
USER List users
set col col col col
pages 999 lines 100 username format a20 status format a8 table tablespa space ce format format a20 a20 temp_ts format a20
sel select , , , , from order /
usern ername account_status status created default_tablespace ta tablespace temporary_tablespace temp_ts dba_users by us username
Lock or unlock a user
alter user account lock; And to unlock...
alter user account unlock;
ROLE Find a role
select * from dba_roles whe where role like '&ro &role'
/ Show what roles are granted to a user
sel select , , from wher where e
grant antee granted_role admin_option dba_role_privs gran grante tee e like like upp upper er(' ('&u &use sern rnam ame' e') )
/ Show what system privileges are granted to a role
sele select ct , from whe where
priv privil ileg ege e admin_option role_sys_privs role like '&ro &role'
/ Show what table privileges are granted to a role
select select owner owner || || '.' '.' || table_na table_name me "TABL "TABLE" E" , column_name , privilege , grantable from role_tab_privs whe where role like '&ro &role'
/
Administration - ASM • • • • • • • •
Check if css is running/working Display disk-groups Show disk space usage Create a disk group Add a disk to a group Drop a disk group Is ASM performing a balancing operation Check the internal consistency of a diskgroup
Check if css is running/working
crsctl check cssd Display disk-groups
set lines 100 col name format a10 col path format a30 select name , group_number , disk_number , mount_status , state , path from v$asm_disk order by group_number
/ note. A group number of zero his indicates ind icates that a disk is available but hasn't yet been assigned to a disk group. Show disk space usage
select , , , , from order
name group_number disk_number total_mb free_mb v$asm_disk by group_number
/ Create a disk group
create diskgroup data1 external redundancy
disk '/dev/raw/raw1'
/ or with multiple raw partitions... multiple disks create diskgroup data2 external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw2' , '/dev/raw/raw3'
/ or with multiple fail groups... create diskgroup data3 normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk '/dev/raw/raw4' failgroup controller2 disk '/dev/raw/raw6'
/ Add a disk to a group
alter diskgroup data1 add disk '/dev/raw/raw4'
/ Wildcards can be used for raw device names (eg. raw*) Drop a disk group
drop diskgroup ''
/ Is ASM performing a balancing operation
select * from v$asm_operation
/ Mount/dismount disk groups alter diskgroup all mount alter diskgroup data1 mount alter diskgroup all dismount alter diskgroup data1 dismount Check the internal consistency of a diskgroup
Start, stop and check CRS (Cluster Ready Services) Start/stop nodeapps Start/stop asm Start/stop a database (all nodes) Start/stop an individual instance Check the VIP config Change the VIP address, subnetmask or interface Locate the voting disk Retrive OCR (Oracle Cluster Registry) Reg istry) information To prevent a database starting at boot time Change the private interconnect subnet
Start, stop and check CRS (Cluster Ready Services)
Note. Start/stop need to be run as root from the CRS home. Start CRS crsctl start crs
Stop CRS crsctl stop crs
Check CRS's status crsctl check crs
See the status of the various services crs_stat -t
First find the interface which is in use as the interconnect - run as root from the crs c rs home: oifcfg getif
Make a note of the interface name (eth1 in the following example), then run the following: oifcfg delif -global eth1 oifcfg setif -global eth1/:cluster_interconnect
List scheduled jobs Submit a job Remove a job Reset a broken job Add a program to the 10g scheduler (os program) Add a program to the 10g scheduler (stored procedure) Schedule a 10g job
List scheduled jobs
set lines 100 pages 999 col schema_user fo format a1 a15 col fails format 999 select job , schema_user , to_char(last_date, 'h 'hh24:mi dd dd/mm/yy') la last_run , to_char(next_date, 'h 'hh24:mi dd dd/mm/yy') ne next_run , failures fails , broken , substr(what, 1, 15) what from dba_jobs order by 4 /
Submit a job
dbms_job.submit('', , , TRUE);
For example: declare job_id number; begin dbms_job.submit( job_id , 'andy.daily_data_clense' , trunc(sysdate+1)+22/24
, , end; /
'sysdate+1' true);
This will run a stored procedure called 'daily_data_clense' each day at 10pm. Remove a job
You need to be connected as the user who owns the job exec dbms_job.remove();
Reset a broken job
You need to be connected as the user who owns the job exec dbms_job.broken(, FALSE);
Add a program to the 10g scheduler (os program)
begin dbms_scheduler.create_program( program_name=>'ANDY.job_test', program_action=>'/home/oracle/andyb/job_test.sh', program_type=>'EXECUTABLE', comments=>'test job', enabled=>TRUE); end; /
Add a program to the 10g scheduler (stored procedure)
begin dbms_scheduler.create_program( program_name=>'ANDY.job_test', program_action=>'andy.job_test', program_type=>'STORED_PROCEDURE', comments=>'test program', enabled=>TRUE); end; /
Schedule a 10g job
begin dbms_sheduler.create_job( job_name=>'andy.andy_job_test', program_name=>'andy.job_test', start_date=>
)
Administration Administration - Recycle bin • • •
Display the contents of the recycle bin Empty the recycle bin Drop an object with out putting pu tting it in the recycle bin
Display the contents of the recycle bin
show recyclebin
Empty the recycle bin
purge recyclebin
Drop an object with out putting it in the recycle bin
drop purge;
Structure - Tablespace • • • • • • • • • •
Tablespace usage Show the files that comprise a tablespace Tablespaces >80% full User quotas on all tablespaces List all objects in a tablespace Show all tablespaces used by a user Create a temporary tablespace Alter a databases default temporary tablespace Show segments that are approaching max_extents List the contents of the temporary tablespace(s)
Tablespace usage
set pages 999 col tablespace_name format a40 col "size MB" format 999,999,999 col "free MB" format 99,999,999 col "% Used" format 999 select tsu.tablespace_name, ceil(tsu.used_mb) "size MB" , deco decode de(c (cei eil( l(ts tsf. f.fr free ee_m _mb) b), , NULL NULL,0 ,0,c ,cei eil( l(ts tsf. f.fr free ee_m _mb) b)) ) "fre "free e MB" MB" , decod code(100 100 - ce ceil(t l(tsf.f f.free_m e_mb/tsu tsu.use used_mb* mb*100), 0), NU NULL, 10 100,
from from
, where where order /
100 - ceil(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "% used" (sele (select ct table tablesp space ace_n _name ame, , sum(b sum(byte ytes)/ s)/10 1024/ 24/10 1024 24 used_ used_mb mb from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name union all select tablespace_name || ' **TEMP**' , sum(bytes)/1024/1024 used_mb from dba_temp_files group by tablespace_name) tsu (sele elect tables lespace_ ce_name ame, sum sum(byte ytes)/1 )/1024/1 4/1024 free_ ee_mb from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) tsf tsu.t tsu.tab ables lespac pace_ e_nam name e = tsf.ta tsf.tabl blesp espace ace_n _name ame (+) (+) by 4
Show the files that comprise a tablespace
set lines 100 col file_name format a70 select file_name , ceil(bytes / 1024 / 1024) "size MB" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like '&TSNAME' /
Tablespaces >80% full
set pages 999 lines 100 col tablespace_name format a40 col "size MB" format 999999999 col "% Used" format 999 col "80%" format 999999 col "75%" format 999999 select tsu.tablespace_name , ceil(tsu.used_mb) "size MB" , 100 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100) "% Used" , (tsu.used_mb / 100) * (20 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "80%" , (tsu.used_mb / 100) * (25 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "75%" from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 used_mb from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) tsu , (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_mb from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) tsf where tsu.tablespace_name = tsf.tablespace_name (+) and 100 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100) _mb*100) >= 80 order by 3,4,5 /
set pages 999 col owner format a15 col segment_name format a40 col segment_type format a20 select owner , segment_name , segment_type from dba_segments where lower(tablespace_name) like lower('%&tablespace%') order by owner, segment_name /
Show all tablespaces used by a user
sele select ct tabl tables espa pace ce_n _nam ame e , ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from dba_extents wher where e owne owner r like like '&us '&user er_i _id' d' group by tablespace_name order by tablespace_name /
alter database default temporary tablespace temp /
Show segments that are approaching max_extents
col segment_name format a40 select owner , segment_type , segment_name , max_extents - extents as "spare" , max_extents from dba_segments
wher where e owne owner r not not in ('SY ('SYS' S',' ,'SY SYST STEM EM') ') and (max_extents - extents) < 10 order by 4 /
To change maxextents alter storage(maxextents 150); List the contents of the temporary tablespace(s)
set pages 999 lines 100 col username format a15 col mb format 999,999 select su.username , ses.sid , ses.serial# , su.tablespace , ceil((su.blocks from v$sort_usage , dba_tablespaces , v$session ses where su.tablespace = and su.session_addr /
* dt.block_size) / 1048576) MB su dt dt.tablespace_name = ses.saddr
Structure - Objects • • • • • • • • •
Find an object Invalid objects Show the size of an object All objects owned by a user Source code of a procedure Get an objects ddl (9i onwards) Display compilation errors and warnings Find all tables containing the specified column List all tables owned by a user sorted b y size
Find an object
set pages 999 col owner format a15 col object_name format a40 col object_type format a20 select owner , object_name , object_type from dba_objects where lower(object_name) like lower('%&object%') order by owner, object_type, object_name /
Invalid objects
List invalid objects... set lines 200 pages 999 col "obj" format a40 select owner || '.' || object_name "obj", object_type from dba_objects where status = 'INVALID' /
Recompile all invalid objects... @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
Show the size of an object
col segment_name format a20 select segment_name , bytes "SIZE_BYTES" , ceil(bytes / 1024 / 1024) "SIZE_MB" from dba_segments where segment_name like '&obj_name' /
All objects owned by a user
col object_name format a40 select object_name , object_type from dba_objects where owner = '&user' order by object_type, object_name /
Source code of a procedure
select text from dba_source where owner = 'ANDY' and name = 'FILE_TEST' and type = 'PACKAGE BODY' order by line /
Get an objects ddl (9i onwards)
Note. Works for 9i and newer. Parameters: OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME, SCHEMA set pagesize 0 set long 90000 select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','TABLE_A','ANDY') from dual;
Display compilation errors and warnings
show errors show errors view show errors procedure
select * from dba_errors;
Find all tables containing the specified column
set pages 999 lines 100 col tab format format a60 col column_name format a20 select select owner owner || || '.' || || table_ table_na name me as tab tab , column_name from dba_tab_columns wher where e colu column mn_n _nam ame e like like upp upper er(' ('&c &col ol') ') /
List all tables owned by a user sorted by size
set lines 100 pages 999 col segment_name format a40 col mb format 999,999,999 sele select ct segm segmen ent_ t_na name me , ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from dba_segments whe where owner ner like ike '&u '&user' and segment_type = 'TABLE' group by se segment_name order by ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) desc /
Structure - Indexes • •
Index info by table Show indexed columns
Index info by table
sele select ct , , from , where and order
i.in i.inde dex_ x_na name me i.tablespace_name ceil(s.bytes / 1048576) "Size MB" dba_indexes i dba_segments s i.index_name = s.segment_name table_name like '&table' by 2, 1
/ Show indexed columns
select from where order /
column_name dba_ind_columns index_name = '&index' by column_position
Structure - Files • • • • • • • • • •
Display all datafiles, tempfiles and logfiles (and their sizes) Quick datafile health check Show directories that contain datafiles List autoextensible datafiles Turn autoextend off for all datafiles Move files between disks List controlfiles Create an OS command for every file in the database Find duplicate filenames List files that are in hot-backup mode
Display all datafiles, tempfiles and logfiles (and their sizes)
set lines 100 pages 999 col name format a50 sele select ct name name, , byte bytes s from (selectname, (select name, bytes from v$datafile union all sele select ct name name, , byt bytes es from v$tempfile union all select lf.member "name", l.bytes from v$logfile lf , v$log l where ere lf. lf.grou roup# = l.g l.gr roup# union all
select name, 0 from v$controlfile) us used (select sum(bytes) as p from dba_free_space) free
, /
Quick datafile health check
You should only see online and system (maybe read-only too) select distinct status from v$datafile /
Show directories that contain datafiles
select select distinc distinct t substr(na substr(name, me, 1, instr instr(nam (name, e, '/', -1)) -1)) DIR from v$datafile order by 1 /
List autoextensible datafiles
sele select ct file file_n _nam ame e from dba_data_files wher where e auto autoex exte tens nsib ible le = 'YE 'YES' S' /
trimspool on wrap off heading off verify off pages 1000 lines 100
spool rename.sql select from / select
'alter database rename file ''' || name || ''' to ''' || replace(name || ''';', '/u01', '/u02') v$datafile
'alter database rename file ''' ||
from /
member || ''' to ''' || replace(member || ''';', '/u01', '/u02') v$logfile
spool off
List controlfiles
select name from v$controlfile /
Create an OS command for every file in the database
The example deletes all files sele select ct 'rm 'rm ' || name name from (select name from v$datafile union all select name from v$tempfile union all select member from v$logfile union all select name from v$controlfile ) /
Find duplicate filenames
Searches for files with the same name in all directories select , from /
set lines 100 pages 999 col name format a60 sel select df.na .name , b.status , to_char(time, 'h 'hh24:mi:ss dd dd/mm/yyyy') ti time from v$datafile df , v$backup b whe where df.fi .file# = b.f b.file#
and b.status = 'ACTIVE' order by b.file#
/
Structure - Redo Logs • • •
Remove drop add logfile members List members and sizes
Remove drop
alter database drop logfile member ''; add logfile members
alter database add logfile member '' to group ; List members and sizes
col member format a60 col col "Siz "Size e MB" MB" form format at 9,99 9,999, 9,99 999 9 sele select ct lf.m lf.mem embe ber r , ceil(lg.bytes / 1024 / 1024) "Size MB" from v$logfile lf , v$log lg wher where e lg.g lg.gro roup up# # = lf.g lf.gro roup up# # order by 1 /
Structure - Undo • • • • •
Converting from Rollback to Undo Display the rollback segments Alter undo retention What's in undo Is anything rolling back at the moment?
Display the rollback segments
sele select ct segm segmen ent_ t_na name me
, from /
status dba_rollback_segs
Alter undo retention
alter system set undo_retention=500 scope=memory;
Note. This is in seconds What's in undo
sele select ct , , from gro group , /
tabl tables espa pace ce_n _nam ame e status count(*) as HOW_MANY dba_undo_extents by ta tablesp espace_ ce_name status
Is anything rolling back at the moment?
Look for the used_ublk value v alue decreasing. If it is, the session connected with it is rolling back. When it reaches zero, rollback is complete. set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a15 col command format a20 sele select ct ses. ses.us user erna name me , substr(ses.program, 1, 19) command , tra.used_ublk from v$session ses , v$transaction tra wher where e ses. ses.sa sadd ddr r = tra tra.s .ses es_a _add ddr r /
Structure - Constraints • • • • • • •
Show all constraints on a table List tables that are using the specified table as a foreign key Produce a list of disabled fk constraints Produce enable statements all disabled fk constraints List parent tables that may need fixing/re-importing List missing foriegn key values Show all table constraints for a user
Show all constraints on a table
col type format a10
col cons_name format a30 select select decod decode( e(con constr strai aint_ nt_ty type, pe, 'C', 'Check', 'O', 'R/O View', 'P', 'Primary', 'R', 'Foreign', 'U', 'Unique', 'V', 'Check view') type , constraint_name cons_name , status , last_change from dba_constraints whe where owner ner lik like e '& '&owner' er' and table_name like '&table_name' order by 1 /
List tables that are using the specified table as a foreign key
set lines 100 pages 999 sel select a.own owner , a.table_name , a.constraint_name from dba_constraints a , dba_constraints b wher where e a.co a.cons nstr trai aint nt_t _typ ype e = 'R' 'R' and a.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.r_owner = b.owner and b.owner = '&table_owner' and b.table_name = '& '&table_name' /
Same as above, but produces 'disable constraint' statements set lines 100 pages 999 col discon format a100 select 'alter table '||a.owner||'.'||a.table_name||' disable constraint '||a.constraint_name||';' discon from dba_constraints a , dba_constraints b wher where e a.co a.cons nstr trai aint nt_t _typ ype e = 'R' 'R' and a.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.r_owner = b.owner and b.owner = '&table_owner' and b.table_name = '& '&table_name' /
Produce a list of disabled fk constraints
set lines 100 pages 999 col table format a60 col constraint_name format a30 select select owner|| owner||'.'| '.'||tab |table_n le_name ame "table" "table" , constraint_name
from dba_constraints whe where statu atus = 'DISA ISABLED' ED' and constraint_type = 'R' and owner no not in in (' ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1,2 /
Produce enable statements all disabled fk constraints
set lines 100 pages 999 select 'alter table '||owner||'.'|| '||owner||'.'||table_na table_name||' me||' enable constraint constraint '||constraint_name||';' "enable" from dba_constraints whe where statu atus = 'DISA ISABLED' ED' and constraint_type = 'R' and owner no not in in (' ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1 /
List parent tables that may need fixing/re-importing
select select distinc distinct t r.owner r.owner || || '.' || || r.table r.table_nam _name e "exp" "exp" from dba_constraints c , dba_constraints r wher where e c.st c.stat atus us = 'DIS 'DISAB ABLE LED' D' and c.constraint_type = 'R' and c.r_owner = r.owner and and c.r_ c.r_co cons nstr trai aint nt_n _nam ame e = r.co r.cons nstr trai aint nt_n _nam ame e and c.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1 /
List missing foriegn key values
Note. Useful for resolving ORA-02298 select
from
where and and and and and and
'select '||cc.column_name||' from '||c.owner||'.'||c.table_name||' a where not exists (select ''x'' from '||r.owner||'.'||r.table_name||' where '||rc.column_name||' = a.'||cc.column_name||')' dba_constraints c, dba_constraints r, dba_cons_columns cc, dba_cons_columns rc c.constraint_type = 'R' c.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') c.r_owner = r.owner c.owner = cc.owner r.owner = rc.owner c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name r.constraint_name = rc.constraint_name
Note. This still needs some work... set lines 100 pages 999 break on table_name select table_name , decode(constraint_type, 'C', 'Check', 'O', 'R/O View', 'P', 'Primary', 'R', 'Foreign', 'U', 'Unique', 'V', 'Check view') type , nvl(index_name, R_CONSTRAINT_NAME) "IDX" from dba_constraints whe where owner ner like ike '&u '&user' order by ta table_name , decode(constraint_type, 'P','0','R','1','U','2','C','3','O','4','V','5') /
Structure - Materialized view • • • • • • • •
Create a view log for the master table List all materialized view logs Create a simple materialized view Show all materialized and resfresh times Show materialized view tables and masters Show refresh jobs in dba_jobs Manually start a refresh Force a complete refresh
Create a view log for the master table
This is required for fast refresh create materialized view log on
/
or... create materialized view log on
tablespace /
List all materialized view logs
select , from /
log_owner log_table dba_mview_logs
Create a simple materialized view
create materialized view andy_mview refresh [fast | complete | force] start with sysdate next sysdate + 1/24 with primary key as select * from test_table /
Fast = update changes only Complete = wipe and repopulate the mview Force = fast if possible, complete if not. Show all materialized and resfresh times
set lines 100 pages 999 col last_refresh format a20 select owner , mview_name , to_c to_cha har( r(la last st_r _ref efre resh sh_d _dat ate, e, 'dd/ 'dd/mm mm/y /yy y hh24 hh24:m :mi' i') ) last last_r _ref efre resh sh from dba_mviews order by owner, last_refresh /
Show materialized view tables and masters
set lines 100 col mview format a40 col master format a40 select select owner owner || '.' '.' || || name name mvi mview ew , master_owner || '.' || master master fro from dba_m a_mview_ ew_refr efresh_t h_times mes /
Show refresh jobs in dba_jobs
This is useful for spotting failures set lines 100 col job format 9999
col log_user format a15 col last format a15 col next format a15 col fail format 9999 col what format a20 select job , log_user , to_char(last_date, 'd 'dd/mm/yy hh hh24:mi') la last , to_char(next_date, 'd 'dd/mm/yy hh hh24:mi') ne next , failures fail , replace(what, '"') what from dba_jobs where where what what like like '%dbm '%dbms_r s_ref efres resh. h.ref refre resh% sh%' ' /
Manually start a refresh
execute dbms_mview.refresh ('');
Force a complete refresh
execute dbms_mview.refresh ('','C');
Structure - Partitions • • • • • • • •
List partitioned tables List a tables partitions Show partition sizes for the specified table Move a partition to a new tablespace Add a partition Split a partition Drop a partition Truncate a partition
List partitioned tables
set pages 999 lines 100 col table_name format a40 sele select ct tabl table_ e_na name me , partitioning_type type , partition_count partitions from dba_part_tables where owner = '&owner' order by 1 /
List a tables partitions
set pages 999 lines 100 col high_value format a20 col tablespace_name format a20 sele select ct part partit itio ion_ n_na name me , tablespace_name , high_value from dba_tab_partitions wher where e tabl table_ e_ow owne ner r = '&ow '&owne ner' r' and table_name = '&table_name' order by partition_position /
Show partition sizes for the specified table
set pages 999 lines 100 col tablespace_name format a20 col num_rows format 999,999,999 sele select ct p.pa p.part rtit itio ion_ n_na name me , p.tablespace_name , p.num_rows , ceil(s.bytes / 1024 / 1204) mb from dba_tab_partitions p , dba_segments s wher where e p.ta p.tabl ble_ e_ow owne ner r = s.ow s.owne ner r and and p.par partitio tion_na _name = s.pa .partiti ition_na _name and p.table_name = s.segment_name and p.table_owner = '&owner' and p.table_name = '& '&table_name' order by partition_position /
Move a partition to a new tablespace
alter table move partition tablespace nologging /
Add a partition
alter table add partition values less than () tablespace /
or... alter table add partition values ()
tablespace /
Split a partition
alter table split partition at () into (partition , partition ) update global indexes /
Drop a partition
alter table drop partition /
Truncate Trunc ate a partition
alter table truncate partition /
Performance - General • • • • • • • •
Show currently exectuing sql Session statistics Resource intensive sql File io stats In session tracing switch on event 10046 Rows per block Show the buffer cache advisory
Show currently exectuing sql
select sql_text from v$sqlarea where users_executing > 0 /
change 8192 to match block size select sql_text , executions , to_char((((disk_reads+buffer_gets)/executions) to_char((((disk_reads+buff er_gets)/executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as total_gets_per_exec_mb , to_char((( disk_reads /executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as disk_reads_per_exec_mb , to_char((( buffer_gets /executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as buffer_gets_per_exec_mb , parsing_user_id from v$sqlarea where executions > 10 order by 6 desc /
File io stats
Requires timed_statistics=true set lines 80 pages 999 col fname heading "File Name" format a60 col sizemb heading "Size(Mb)" format 99,999 col phyrds heading "Reads" format 999,999,999 col readtim heading "Time" format 99.999 col phywrts heading "Writes" format 9,999,999 col writetim heading "Time" format 99.999 select lower(name) fname , (bytes / 1048576) sizemb , phyrds , readtim , phywrts , writetim from v$datafile df , v$filestat fs where df.file# = fs.file# order by 1 /
To switch it off: exec dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session (, , false);
switch on event 10046
To switch it on: on : alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 8';
To switch it off: alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';
Note. use tkprof to interpret the results. Rows per block
select avg(row_count) avg , max(row_count) max , min(row_count) min from ( select count(*) row_count from &table_name group by substr(rowid, 1, 15) ) /
Show the buffer cache advisory
Note. The current setting is halfway down and h as a read factor of one. set lines 100 pages 999 col est_mb format 99,999 col estd_physical_reads format 999,999,999,999,999 select select size_ size_fo for_e r_esti stima mate te est_m est_mb b , estd_physical_read_factor , estd_physical_reads from v$db_cache_advice where name = 'DEFAULT' order by size_for_estimate /
db_cache_advice needs to be on for the above to work alter system set db_cache_advice=on;
Performance - Locks DML •
Show sessions that are blocking each other
• • •
Show locked objects Show which row is locked List locks
Show sessions that are blocking each other
select select from wher where e and and /
'SID ' || || l1.si l1.sid d ||' ||' is blocking blocking v$lock l1, v$lock l2 l1.b l1.blo lock ck =1 and and l2. l2.re requ ques est t > 0 l1.id1=l2.id1 l1.id2=l2.id2
' || || l2.s l2.sid id blockin blocking g
Show locked objects
set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a20 col sess_id format a10 col object format a25 col col mode mode_h _hel eld d form format at a10 a10 select select oracle_ oracle_user username name || || ' (' || s.osus s.osuser er || ')' ')' username username , s.sid || ',' || s.serial# sess_id , owner || '.' || ob object_name object , object_type , decode( l. l .block , 0, 'Not Blocking' , 1, 'Blocking' , 2, 'Global') status , decode(v.locked_mode , 0, 'None' , 1, 'Null' , 2, 'Row-S (SS)' , 3, 'Row-X (SX)' , 4, 'Share' , 5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)' , 6, 'Exclusive', TO_CHAR(lmode)) mode_held from v$locked_object v , dba_objects d , v$lock l , v$session s where v.object_id = d.object_id and v.object_id = l.id1 and v.session_id = s.sid order by oracle_username , session_id /
Show which row is locked
sele select ct do.o do.obj bjec ect_ t_na name me , row_wait_obj# , row_wait_file#
, , ,
row_wait_block# row_wait_row# dbms_ ms_rowid wid.row rowid_cr _create ate (1, (1, ROW_ ROW_W WAIT_ IT_OBJ#, J#, ROW ROW_WAIT AIT_FILE ILE#, ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#, ROW_WAIT_ROW#) v$session s dba_objects do sid=&sid s.ROW_WAIT_OBJ# = do.OBJECT_ID
from , where and /
Then select the row with that rowid... select * from
where rowid=;
List locks
column column column column column SELE SELECT CT , , , , , FROM WHERE /
lock_type format a12 mode_held format a10 mode_requested format a10 blocking_others format a20 username format a10 sess sessio ion_ n_id id lock_type mode_held mode_requested blocking_others lock_id1 dba_lock l lock_type NOT IN ('Media Recovery', 'Redo Thread')
Performance - Locks DDL • • •
Show all ddl locks in the system Slightly more simple version of the above Generate kill statement for ddl locking sessions
sele select ct , , , , , from , wher where e and /
ses. ses.us user erna name me ddl.session_id ses.serial# owner || '.' || ddl.name object ddl.type ddl.mode_held dba_ddl_locks dd ddl v$session ses owne owner r like like '%us '%user erid id%' %' ddl.session_id = se ses.sid
Generate kill statement for ddl locking sessions
select || ''' from , wher where e and /
'alter system kill session session ''' || ddl.session_id ddl.session_id || ',' || ses.serial# ses.serial# immediate;' dba_ddl_locks dd ddl v$session ses owne owner r like like '%us '%user erid id%' %' ddl.session_id = se ses.sid
Performance - Waits • • • • • •
Top ten hotest objects by touch count Waits by file Segment Waits Time waited for latches Identify hot blocks Look at the performance stats for the instance
Top ten hotest objects by touch count
col owner format a20 trunc col object_name object_name format a30 col touches format 9,999,999 select * from ( selec lect cou count(* t(*) , sum(tch) TOUCHES , u.name OWNER , o.name OBJECT_NAME from x$bh x , obj$ o , user$ u where x.obj = o.obj# and o.owner# = u.user# group by u.name, o.name order by 2 desc ) where rownum < 11 /
Waits by file
col name format a60 select name , count from x$kcbfwait , v$datafile where indx + 1 = file# order by 2 /
Segment Waits
sele select ct , , , from whe where and
obje object ct_n _nam ame e obj# statistic_name value v$segment_statistics owner ner lik like e '& '&owner' er' statistic_name like '%waits%'
and ord order , /
value > 0 by statist istic_n c_name value desc
Time waited for latches
col event format a30 select event , time_waited , round und(time ime_wai waited*1 d*100/ SU SUM (ti (time_ me_wait aited) OVE OVER() R(),2) wa wait_ it_pct from ( select event , time_waited from v$system_event where event not in ( 'Null event' ,'client message' ,'rdbms ipc reply' ,'smon timer' ,'rdbms ipc message' ,'PX Idle Wait' ,'PL/SQL lock timer' ,'file open' ,'pmon timer' ,'WMON goes to sleep' ,'virtual circuit status' ,'dispatcher timer' ,'SQL*Net message from client' ,'parallel query dequeue wait' ,'pipe get') union ( select name , value from v$sysstat where name like 'CPU used when call started' ) ) order by 2 desc /
Identify hot blocks
Look at all waits for the instance col event format a30 select event , total_waits , time_waited from v$system_event whe where event ent lik like e '% '%wait%' t%' order by 2,3 /
If there are lots of 'data block' waits, get a break-down of them select * from v$waitstat /
Then run this to identify the file, block and reason code... sele select ct , , from wher where e /
p1 "Fil "File e #" p2 "Block #" p3 "Reason Code" v$session_wait even event t = 'bu 'buff ffer er busy busy wait waits' s'
Note. You You might need to run this a few times before anything is displayed. Look at the performance stats for the instance
select n.name , s.value from v$statname n , v$sysstat s wher where e n.st n.stat atis isti tic# c# = s.st s.stat atis isti tic# c# order by n.class , n.name /
Performance - Statistics • • • • • • • •
Gather database statistics Gather stats for a single schema... Delete stats Gather system stats Export/Import optimizer statistics Old style analyze Show a count of analyezed tables broken down by schema Show tables that have analyze dates older than today
Gather database statistics
Gather stats on the entire database... execute dbms_stats.gather_database_stats;
You can let oracle come up with the estimate figure by using dbms_stats.auto_sample_size or... execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats( ownname => 'SYS', cascade => TRUE);
Wait for a while - idealy with the database databa se under a typical workload execute dbms_stats.gather_system_stats('Stop');
To see the current system statistics select pname , pval1 from sys.aux_stats$ where sname = 'SYSSTATS_MAIN' /
Export/Import optimizer statistics
Create a table to hold the statistics... exec dbms_stats.create_stat_table(ownname => 'SYS',stattab => 'prod_stats', tblspace => 'USERS');
Populate the table with the current stats... exec dbms_stats.export_schema_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT',statown=>'SYS', stattab=>'prod_stats');
At this point you need to: 1) take an export of the 'prod_stats' table 2) import 'prod_stats' into the target database 3) load the statistics using this command... exec dbms_stats.import_schema_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT',statown=>'SYS', stattab=>'prod_stats');
Show a count of analyezed tables broken down by schema
set pages 999 lines 100 sel select a.own owner , a.total_tables tables , nvl(b.analyzed_tables,0) analyzed from (select owner , count(*) total_tables from dba_tables group by owner) a , (select ow owner , count(last_analyzed) a na nalyzed_tables from dba_tables wher where e last last_a _ana naly lyze zed d is is not not null null group by owner) b whe where a.own owner = b.o b.ow wner (+ (+) and a.owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') order order by a.to a.total tal_ta _tabl bles es - nvl(b nvl(b.an .anal alyze yzed_t d_tab ables les,0 ,0) ) desc desc /
Show tables that have analyze dates older than today
This is useful if you are running an analyze and want to see how much is left to do select select from whe where and and order /
Create a plan table Autotrace Explain plan Find a query's hash Grab the sql associated with a hash Look at a query's stats in the sql area
Create a plan table
@?/rdbms/admin/utlxplan.sql
Autotrace
To switch it on: on : column plan_plus_exp format a100 set autotrace set autotrace set autotrace statement. set autotrace set autotrace
on explain # Displays the execution plan only. traceonly explain # dont run the query on # Shows the execution plan as well as statistics of the on statistics traceonly
# Displays the statistics only. # Displays the execution plan and the statistics
To switch it off: set autotrace off
Explain plan
explain plan for select ...
or... explain plan set statement_id = 'bad1' for
select...
Then to see the output... set lines 100 pages 999 @?/rdbms/admin/utlxpls
Find a query's hash
Put something unique in the like clause select hash_value, sql_text from v$sqlarea where sql_text like '%TIMINGLINKS%FOLDERREF%' /
Grab the sql associated with a hash
select sql_text from v$sqlarea where hash_value = '&hash' /
SGA breakdown PGA usage by username Display pool usage
SGA breakdown
set lines 100 pages 999 col bytes format 999,999,999 compute compute sum of bytes bytes on pool pool break on pool skip 1 select pool , name
, from order , /
bytes v$sgastat by pool name
PGA usage by username
sele select ct st.s st.sid id "SI "SID" D", , sn.name "TYPE", ceil(st.value / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from v$sesstat st, v$statname sn wher where e st.s st.sta tati tist stic ic# # = sn.s sn.sta tati tist stic ic# # and and sid sid in (sel (selec ect t sid sid from v$session where username like '&user') and upper(sn.name) like '%PGA%' order by st.sid, st.value desc
/ Display pool usage
select name , sum(bytes) from v$sgastat wher where e pool pool like like 'sha 'share red d poo pool' l' group by name /
Performance - Statspack • • • • • • •
Take a snapshot Delete one or more snapshots Generate a report List snapshots Install statspack Uninstall statspack Schedule and hourly snapshot
Take a snapshot
exec statspack.snap;
Or to specify a level... exec statspack.snap(i_snap_level => 6, i_modify_parameter => 'true');
Level 0 - This level captures general statistics, including rollback segment, row cache, SGA, system events, background events, session events, system statistics, wait statistics, lock statistics, and Latch information. Level 5 - This level includes capturing high resource usage SQL Statements, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 6 - This level includes capturing SQL plan and SQL plan usage information for high resource usage SQL Statements, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 7 - This level captures segment level statistics, including logical and physical reads, row lock, itl and buffer busy waits, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 10 - This level includes capturing Child Latch statistics, along with all data captured b y lower levels. Delete one or more snapshots
@?/rdbms/admin/sppurge;
Generate a report
@?/rdbms/admin/spreport.sql
List snapshots
col "Date/Time" format a30 sel select snap_ ap_id , snap_level , to_ch _char(sn (snap_t p_time,' e,'HH24 H24:MI:S I:SS DD DD-MM-Y M-YYYY') Y') "Da "Dat te/Ti /Time" from stats$snapshot , v$database order by snap_id /
Install statspack
1. Create a tablespace (minimum size 100MB) 2. Run... @?/rdbms/admin/spcreate
Uninstall statspack
@?/rdbms/admin/spdrop
Schedule and hourly snapshot
@?/rdbms/admin/spauto.sql
Note. This uses dbms_job, so job_queue_processes needs to be set greater than 0. To see the job: select job , what from dba_jobs /
To delete the job: exec dbms_job.remove();
Performance - AWR AWR • • • • • • • • • • • •
Display a list of snapshots Produce a report To see the snapshot interval and retention period Change the snapshot interval Change the retention period Manually take a snapshot List all baselines Create a baseline Remove a baseline Enable/Disable automatic snapshots Time model queries Produce an Active Session History (ASH) report
Display a list of snapshots
set lines 100 pages 999 sel select snap_ ap_id , snap_level , to_ch _char(be (begin_ in_inter terval_ al_time, me, 'dd 'dd/ /mm/y m/yy hh2 hh24:mi: mi:ss') s') beg begi in from dba_hist_snapshot order by 1 /
Produce a report
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql
To see the snapshot interval and retention period
col snap_interval format a30 col retention format a30 sele select ct snap snap_i _int nter erva val l , retention from dba_hist_wr_control /
Change the snapshot interval
Note. This example changes it to 30 minutes exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings (interval => 30)
Change the retention period
Note. This example changes it to two weeks (14 days) exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings (retention => 14*24*60)
Manually take a snapshot
exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot
List all baselines
set lines 100 col baseline_name format a40 sele select ct base baseli line ne_i _id d , baseline_name , start_snap_id , end_snap_id from dba_hist_baseline order by 1 /
Note. This job is enabled by default exec dbms_scheduler.enable('GATHER_STATS_JOB')
and to disable... exec dbms_scheduler.disable('GATHER_STATS_JOB')
Time model queries
System time model set lines 100 pages 999 sele select ct stat stat_n _nam ame e , value from v$sys_time_model order by value desc /
Session time model set lines 100 pages 999 sele select ct stat stat_n _nam ame e , value from v$sess_time_model where sid = '&sid' order by value desc /
Produce an Active Session History (ASH) report
@?/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql
Backup - DataGuard • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Startup commands To remove a delay from a standby Cancel managed recovery Register a missing log file If FAL FAL doesn't work and it says the log is already registered Check which logs are missing Disable/Enable archive log destinations Turn on fal tracing on the primary db Stop the Data Guard broker Show the current instance role Logical standby apply stop/start See how up to date a physical standby is Display info about all log destinations
• •
Display log destinations options List any standby redo logs
Startup commands
startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
To remove a delay from a standby
alter database recover managed standby database cancel; alter database recover managed standby database nodelay disconnect;
Cancel managed recovery
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Register a missing log file
alter database register physical logfile '';
If FAL doesn't work and it says the log is already registered
alter database register or replace physical logfile '';
If that doesn't work, try this... shutdown immediate startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover automatic standby database;
wait for the recovery to finish - then cancel shutdown immediate startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
Check which logs are missing
Run this on the standby... select local.thread# , local.sequence# from (select thread# , sequence# from v$archived_log
where
where dest_id=1) local local.sequence# not in (select sequence# from v$archived_log where dest_id=2 and thread# = local.thread#)
/
Disable/Enable archive log destinations
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'defer'; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'enable';
Turn on fal tracing on the primary db
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE = 128;
Stop the Data Guard broker
alter system set dg_broker_start=false /
Show the current instance role
sele select ct data databa base se_r _rol ole e from v$database /
Logical standby apply stop/start
Stop... alter database stop logical standby apply;
Start... alter database start logical standby apply;
See how up to date a physical standby is
Run this on the primary set numwidth 15 select select max(s max(seq equen uence# ce#) ) curre current_ nt_se seq q from v$log /
Then run this on the standby
set numwidth 15 select select max(a max(app pplie lied_s d_seq eq#) #) last_ last_se seq q from v$archive_dest_status /
Display info about all log destinations
To be run on the primary set lines 100 set numwidth 15 column ID format 99 column "SRLs" format 99 column active format 99 col type format a4 sele select ct ds.d ds.des est_ t_id id id id , ad.status , ds.database_mode db_mode , ad.archiver type , ds.recovery_mode , ds.protection_mode , ds.standby_logfile_count "SRLs" , ds.standby_logfile_active ac active , ds.archived_seq# from v$archive_dest_status ds , v$archive_dest ad wher where e ds.d ds.des est_ t_id id = ad. ad.de dest st_i _id d and ad.status != 'INACTIVE' order by ds.dest_id /
Display log destinations options
To be run on the primary set numwidth 8 lines 100 column id format 99 sele select ct dest dest_i _id d id , archiver , transmit_mode , affirm , async_blocks async , net_timeout net_time , delay_mins delay , reopen_secs reopen , register,binding from v$archive_dest order by dest_id /
List any standby redo logs
set lines 100 pages 999 col member format a70 sele select ct st.g st.gro roup up# # , st.sequence# , ceil(st.bytes / 1048576) mb , lf.member from v$standby_log st , v$logfile lf wher where e st.g st.gro roup up# # = lf.g lf.gro roup up# # /
Backup - Flashback • • • • • • • • • •
To put the session back in time Copy old data into a new table Export a database from a point p oint in time Find the current SCN number Set the database recovery directory and size Set the flashback database retention target Turn on flashback database What is the earliest time the database can be flashed back to? Get a list of times and scn numbers Flash the database back
To put the session back in time
Note. undo_management must be auto Note. Take Take a look at undo_retention u ndo_retention to get an idea of how far back you might be able to go. Note. This can't be run as sys - system works though exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(to_date('2006-AUG-24 12:00:00', 'YYYY-MON-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
To disable flashback run... exec dbms_flashback.disable;
Copy old data into a new table
First, create an empty copy of the source table... create table old_test_table tablespace andy as select * from test_table where rownum < 1 /
Now, insert the old data into it... insert /*+ APPEND */ old_test_table (select * from test_table as of timestamp to_timestamp('24-AUG-06 12:00:00','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')) /
select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual /
Set the database recovery directory and size
These settings are dynamic alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='' scope=both / alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size= scope=both /
Set the flashback database retention target
alter system set db_flashback_retention_target= scope=both /
Turn on flashback database
shutdown immediate startup mount alter database flashback on; alter database open;
What is the earliest time the database can be flashed back to?
select select oldes oldest_ t_fla flashb shbac ack_s k_scn cn scn scn , to_c to_cha har( r(ol olde dest st_f _fla lash shba back ck_t _tim ime, e, 'hh 'hh24 24:m :mi: i:ss ss dd/m dd/mm/ m/yy yyyy yy') ') old oldes est_ t_ti time me fro from v$fla flashbac back_da _databas base_lo _log /
Get a list of times and scn numbers
set pages 999 select scn , to_char(time_dp, 'hh24:mi:ss dd/mm/yyyy') time from smon_scn_time order by scn /
Flash the database back
shutdown immediate startup mount exclusive
flashback database to scn ;
or... flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('22/04/2007 19:30:00','dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss');
alter database open resetlogs;
Manual upgrade from 9i to 10g Release 2 This procedure describes the steps necessary to manually upgrade a database from 9.2.x to 10.2.x. 1 0.2.x. It assumes that you have already installed 10g onto the server. Of course, it is essential that you take a backup of your database before attempting any upgrade. •
1. Compile any invalid objects
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql •
2. Create a sysaux tablespace
Having a sysaux tablespace is a requirement in 10g. So, if you haven't already got one, create one now. create tablespace sysaux datafile '' size 512M
extent management local segment space management auto / •
3. Run utlu102i.sql
This utility script checks that the database is ready to be upgraded to 10g. It also identifies any actions that need to be taken. The script is located in the 10g oracle home, so you will need to specify the full path to it. @/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlu102i.sql
Review the output and make any necessary alterations. Make a note of how many invalid objects there are. •
4. Shut the database down with either normal or immediate
shutdown immediate •
5. Copy the spfile (or pfile) and the password file from the existing home to the 10g one.
cp ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/*${ORACLE_SID}* /dbs/ •
6. Edit oratab
Alter /etc/oratab (or /var/opt/oracle/oratab) to point to the10g home. Once done, rerun oraenv to bring the alteration into effect. •
7. Upgrade the database
sqlplus "/ as sysdba" startup upgrade
This next bit is the upgrade itself. It takes roughly half an hour to complete. Spool the output to a file so that you can review it afterward. a fterward. @?/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql •
8. Recompile any invalid objects
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
Compare the number of invalid objects with the number noted in step 3. It should hopefully be the same or less. •
9. Then check the status of the upgrade
@?/rdbms/admin/utlu102s.sql •
10. Alter or remove initialisation parameters
Temporarily creating a pfile is the easiest way.
create pfile from spfile; shutdown immediate vi ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
Alter/remove parameters identified in step 9. Set compatible to 10.2.0.0.0 startup create spfile from pfile; shutdown immediate startup That's it!
Capture all SQL run between two points in time tnsManager - Distribute tnsnames the easy way and for free! There are situations where it is useful to capture the SQL that a particular user is running in the database. Usually you would simply enable session tracing for that user, but there are two potential problems with that approach. The first is that many web based applications ap plications maintain a pool of persistent database connections which are shared amongst multiple users. The second is that some applications connect, run some SQL and disconnect very quickly, quickly, making it tricky to enable session tracing at all (you could of course use a logon trigger to enable session tracing in this case). A quick and dirty solution to the problem is to capture all SQL statements that are run between two points in time. The following procedure will create two tables, each containing a snapshot of the database at a particular point. The tables will then be queried to produce a list of all SQL run during that period. If possible, you should do this on a quiet development system - otherwise you risk getting way too much data back. •
1. Take the first snapshot Run the following sql to create the first snapshot:
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create ate select , from /
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2. Get the user to perform their task within the application
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3. Take the second snapshot
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select from
tab table sql sql_ex _exec_b c_before ore as as executions hash_value v$sqlarea
aft.hash_value sql_exec_before bef
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, sql_exe sql_exec_af c_after ter aft aft where aft aft.exe executio tions > bef. ef.execu ecution ions and aft.hash_value = bef.hash_value (+) /
4. Check the results Now that you have captured the SQL it is time to query the results. This first query will list all query hashes that have been exec uted:
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select aft.hash_value from sql_exec_before bef , sql_exe sql_exec_af c_after ter aft aft where aft aft.exe executio tions > bef. ef.execu ecution ions and aft.hash_value = bef.hash_value (+) /
This one will display the hash and the SQL itself: set pages 999 lines 100 break on hash_value select hash_value , sql_ sql_te text xt from v$sqltext where hash_value in ( sele select ct aft. aft.ha hash sh_v _val alue ue from sql_exec_before be bef , sql_exec_after aft wher where e aft. aft.ex exec ecut utio ions ns > bef bef.e .exe xecu cuti tion ons s and aft aft.has hash_val value = bef.has hash_va _value (+) ) order by hash_value , piece ece / •
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5. Tidy up Don't forget to remove the snapshot tables once you've finished: drop table sql_exec_before /
