CHAPTER 6 PROCESS COSTING DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. A process is a series of activities (opera (operatio tions) ns) that are linked linked to perform perform a certain objective. For example, the bottling process of a pain medication manufacturer consi consists sts of four linked linked activit activities: ies: loadin loading, g, counting, capping, and packing.
6. A production report summari%es the activit and costs associated !ith a process for a given period. *t sho!s the phsical flo!, the e+uivalent units, the unit cost, and values of ending !ork in process and goods transferred out. 'he report serves the same function as a job$order cost sheet in a job$ order costing sstem.
2. Proc Proces ess s costi osting ng is tpi tpica call ll used sed for for industries !here units are homogeneous and mass mass produc produced. ed. Process Process costin costing g collects collects costs costs b proces process s (depar (departmen tment) t) for a given given period of time. "nit costs are computed b dividi dividing ng thes these e cost costs s b the the depar departm tment ent#s #s output measured for the same period of time. Proce Process ss cost costin ing g uses uses multi multiple ple !ork !ork$i $in$ n$ proc proces ess s acc account ounts s and and uses ses a cost cost of production report to summari%e the cost and !ork activit for a department. department. &hen !ork is completed in a department, the cost of the !ork is transferred transferred to the next department. 'he final department transfers the !ork to finished goods. ob$order costing is used for industr industries ies,, !hich !hich produce produce heterog heterogeneo eneous us produc products ts (often (often custom custom made). made). ob$or ob$order der costing collects costs b job. "nit costs are computed b dividing the job#s costs b the units produced in the job. 'here is a single !ork$i !ork$in$pr n$proce ocess ss account account costs costs and !ork !ork activit activit are collected collected on the job$order job$order cost cost sheet heet.. &he &hen !ork ork is compl omplet eted ed,, it is transferred to finished goods.
7. Proce Process ss cost costin ing g can can be used used for serv service ice orga organi% ni%ati ations ons provi provided ded the the serv service ices s are are homogen homogeneou eous s and repetit repetitivel ivel produce produced. d. heck processing in a bank, cleaning teeth, and sorting sorting mail are examples examples of service services s that could use process costing. *n fact, the use use of proc proces ess s costi osting ng for for servi ervice ces s is simplified b the fact that there are no !ork$ in$process inventories. *' has no inventories and and so all all that that is need needed ed is to meas measur ure e output and costs for a period to calculate unit costscosts-thu thus, s, *' can use proces process s costin costing, g, simplified b the absence of inventories. 8. +uivalent units are the number of !hole units that could have been produced given the amount of direct direct materials, materials, direct labor, and overhead used. +uivalent units are the measure of a period#s output, a necessar input for the computation of unit costs. 'he are are need needed ed for for outpu utputt meas measur urem emen entt !henever !henever !ork$in$ !ork$in$proce process ss inventories inventories are present.
3. 'he 'he !ork$ ork$iin$p n$proc rocess ess acco accoun untt of the receivi receiving ng depart departmen mentt is debit debited, ed, and the !ork$in$p !ork$in$proces rocess s account account of the transferri transferring ng department is credited. 'he finished goods account is debited, and the !ork$in$process account of the final department is credited upon completion of the product.
9. /eparate e+uivale alent units must be calculate ated for direct mat materials als and conversion costs. 10.
4. 'ransferr 'ransferred$in ed$in costs are the manufacturing manufacturing costs transferred from a prior department to the current receiving department. 5. 'ran 'ransfe sferr rred$ ed$in in units units repr repres esent ent part partia iall ll completed units and are clearl a material for the receiving receiving departm department. ent. 'o complet complete e the produ product ct (or (or furthe furtherr proc proces ess s it), it), addi additi tiona onall direct direct material materials s and conversi conversion on costs costs are added b the receiving department.
'he first step is the preparation of a phsical flo! schedule. 'his schedule identifies the phsic phsical al units units that that must must be accoun accounted ted for and provides an accounting for them. 'he secon econd d step tep is the e+ui e+uiva vallent ent units nits sche schedu dule le.. 'his 'his sche schedu dule le compu compute tes s the the e+uivalent e+uivalent !hole !hole output output for the period period its computations computations rel on information information from the phsic phsical al flo! schedule schedule.. 'he next step step is computation of the unit cost. 'o compute the unit unit cost, cost, the manufac manufactur turing ing costs costs of the period for the process are divided b the period#s output.
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13. 'he !eighted average method uses the same unit cost for all goods transferred out.
'he output is obtained from the e+uivalent units schedule. 'he fourth step uses the unit cost cost to value value good goods s tran transf sfer erre red d out out and and those those remain remaining ing in !ork !ork in proces process. s. 'he final step checks to see if the costs assigned assigned in /tep 0 e+ual the total costs to account for.
11.
12.
'he F*F1 method divides goods transferred out out into into t!o t!o cate catego gori ries es:: (2) (2) star starte ted d and and compl complet eted ed and and (3) (3) unit units s from from begi beginn nnin ing g !ork !ork in process. process. 'his period#s period#s unit cost is used to value goods started and completed. 'he 'he cost cost of good goods s tran transf sfer erre red d out out from from beginn beginning ing !ork !ork in proces process s is obtain obtained ed b first first assign assigning ing them them all costs costs carrie carried d over over from the prior period and next b using the curr curren entt peri period od##s unit unit cost cost to valu value e the the e+uivalent units completed this period.
*n calcul calculati ating ng this this period period#s #s unit cost, cost, the !eighted average method treats p rior$period output and costs carried over to the current period as belonging to the current period. 'he F*F1 method excludes an costs and output carried over (from last period) from the current period#s unit cost computation. *f the per$unit cost of the prior period is the same same as the per$un per$unit it cost cost of the current current period, there !ill be no difference bet!een the resul results ts of the !eighte !eighted d averag average e and F*F1 methods. Additionall, if no beginning !ork$in$ !ork$in$proce process ss inventor inventor exists, exists, both the F*F1 and !eighted average methods give the same results.
14.
'ransf ansfer erre red$ d$in in cost costs s are are trea treate ted d as a separa separate te input input catego categor r !hen !hen e+uival e+uivalent ent units are computed. 'he categor is vie!ed as a material that is al!as added at the beginning of the process.
15.
1perat 1peration ion costin costing g is a blend blend of job$or job$order der and process$costing procedures. *t is used !here !here batches batches of homogeneou homogeneous s products products are produced.
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CORNERSTONE EXERCISES Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.1 1.
&o'(%n)
Gr%n(%n)
*%n%!+%n)
13 13/000 10/000 17/000 40/000 0 40/000
5/200 8/800 14/000 28/000 40/000 68/000
8/000 12/000 11/000 31/000 68/000 99/000
or %n Pro$!!G !Gr%n(%n (%n)... )..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)...............
40/0 0/000
or %n Pro$!!* !*%n%! %n%!+ +%n). %n)....... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. or %n Pro$!!Gr%n(%n)..............
68/0 8/000
*%n% *%n%!+ !+( ( Goo Goo(! (!.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n).............
99/0 99/000 00
D%r$" ,-"r%-'!...................... D%r$" '-or............................. A'%( or+-(................... Co!"! -( -(((........................... Co!"! "r-n!rr( %n............... Co!"! "r-n!rr( o"............ 2.
Tr-n!r r n"r% r%! 40/000 68/000 99/000
Co!"-((( n"r: ;Gr%n(%n) on':< or %n Pro$!!G !Gr%n(%n (%n)... )..... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. &-"r%-'!.............................................. P-:ro''................................................. Or+-( C Co on"ro'............................... 3.
28/0 8/000 5/200 8/800 14/000
T+ $o!" $o!" "r-n! "r-n! rr rr( ( o" =o'( =o'( 56/00 56/000 0 ;68/00 ;68/000 0 > 12/000 12/000<. <. T+ ?orn ?orn-' -' n"r: %! or %n Pro$!!* !*%n%! %n%!+ +%n). %n)....... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. or %n Pro$!!Gr%n(%n)..............
56/0 6/000 56/000
*%n%!+( )oo(! -r r($( : 12/000.
Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.2 1.
Un%" Un%" $o!" $o!" @ Co! Co!"! "! o "+ "+ r% r%o( o(O O" "" " o "+ "+ r% r%o( o( @ ;750 B 4/250 B 5/000<100 @ 100 r "r-",n"
2.
Co!" o !r !r%$! %$! !o'( @ Un%" Un%" $o!" $o!" O" O""" ro($ ro($( ( @ 100 100 100 100 @ 10/0 10/000 00
3.
R($ R($"%o "%on n %n n%" n%" $o!" ;ro% ;ro%"" $+-n $+-n)< )< @ S-%n) S-%n)! ! o "+ "+ r%o( r%o(O O" """ o "+ r%o( @ 1/000100 @ 10 r "r-",n" %n$r-! %n ro%"-%'%":
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.3 1.
Un%"! Un%"! !"-r" !"-r"( ( -n( $o, $o,' '"( "( @ Un%" Un%"! ! $o,'" $o,'"( ( > Un%"!/ Un%"!/ I IP P @ 5/000 5/000 > 0 @ 5/000 Un%"! !"-r"( @ Un%"!/ EIP B Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( @ 1/000 B 5/000 @ 6/000 Physical flow schedule
Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"! %n IP.............................................................. Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n n%"! "o -$$on" or.......................................... Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( *ro, IP.............................................................. S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... Un%"! %n EIP.............................................................. To"-' n n%"! -$$on"( or.......................................... 2.
0 6/000 6/000
0 5/000
5/000 1/000 6/000
Equivalent units schedule:
Un%" Un%"! ! $o, $o,' '" "(.. (.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. Un%"! %n EIP *r-$"%on $o,'" 1/00 1/000 0 0.50 0.50.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... E% E% -'n -'n"" n n%" %"!. !... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
5/00 5/000 0 500 500 5/50 5/500 0
O"" or "+ r%o( ,!" "- %n"o $on!%(r-"%on "+ =or (on on n%"! '': $o,'"( -! ='' -! "+ =or (on on -r"%-'': $o,'"( n%"!. T+!/ %-'n" n%"! $o, "+ r'-n" o"" ,-!r. 3.
C+-n C+-n)% )%n) n) "+ "+ () ()r r o $o, $o,' '"% "%on on (o! o! no" - -$" $" "+ "+ + +: :!%$!%$-'' 'o 'o= !$+('. T+%! !$+(' ,-!r! "+ 'o= o "+ n%"!/ r)-r('!! o "+%r !"-) !"-) o $o,'"% $o,'"%on. on. Ho= Ho=r/ r/ "+ %%-'n" 'n" n% n%"! "! !$+( !$+(' ' %! -$"(. -$"(. T+r =o'( no= 800 ;0.80 1/000< %-'n" n%"! or EIP/ %n$r-!%n) "+ "o"-' o"" or "+ r%o( "o 5/800.
Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.4 1.
Un%" Un%" $o! $o!"" @ 60/ 60/000 00030 300 0 @ 20 200 0 r r ,-n ,-n!$ !$r% r%" "
2.
Co!"! -!!%)n( &-n!$r% $r%"! $o, $o,'" '"( ;2 ;200 285<.. 5<.... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... EIP EIP ;20 ;200 0 15<. 15<... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. To"-' -!!% -!!%)n )n( (.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
57/ 57/000 3/00 3/000 0 60/ 60/00 000 0
R$on$%'%-"%on T+ $o!"! -!!%)n( -' "+ $o!"! "o -$$on" or o 60/000.
Corn ornr!"on "on E# E#r$%! %! 6.4 6.4
;Con Con$'( '((< 6-$
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3.
Co!" Co!"! ! -!!%) -!!%)n n( ( =o =o'( '( 67/ 67/50 500 0 F;22 F;225 5 285< 285< B ;22 ;225 5 15<. 15<. T+r T+r %! 7/500 (%rn$ "=n "+ $o!"! -!!%)n( -n( "+ $o!"! "o -$$on" or. T+ (%!$r-n$: %! -""r%"-' -""r%"-' "o !o, ": o rror %n $-'$'-"%n) $-'$'-"%n) n%" $o!". Po!!%%'%"%! %n$'( $-'$'-"%n) "+ =ron) o""/ !%n) "+ =ron) $o!"! "o $-'$'-" "+ n%" $o!"/ -n( - !%,' -r%"+,"%$ rror.
Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.5 1.
2.
S%n$ S%n$ - ro($"% ro($"%on on ror" ror" !,,!,,-r% r%! ! "+ ,-n ,-n-$" -$"r%n r%n) ) -n( $o!"%n) $o!"%n) -$"% -$"%%": %": or - )%n r%o(/ %" ro%(! %nor,-"%on or ($%!%on ,-%n) -n( $on"ro'. *or #-,'/ !$$!!% ro($"%on ror"! $-n !( "o ,-!r "rn(! %n n%" $o!"!. To,-r Co,-n: &%#%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or Ar%' Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................... Un%" Un%"! ! !"-r !"-r" "(. (... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... To"-' "-' n n%"! "o -$$o $on" o or.. r...... ....... ...... .... ........ ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
0 90/0 90/000 00 90/000 000
Physical Flow
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"(........................ Un%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;60 $o,'"<...................... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or......... or $o,'"(........................
Equivalen alentt Un Units
75/000
75/000
15/000 90/000
9/000 84/000
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =o =or %n %n r ro$!!................................. In$ In$rr rr( ( ( (r% r%n) n) "+ "+ r% r%o( o(.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... To"-' "-' $o! $o!"! "! "o -$$o -$$on n"" or. or... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. D% D%%(( %(( : % % -'n -'n"" n% n%"! "!.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. Co!" Co!" r r % %-' -'n" n" n n%". %".... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. Co!"! -$$on"( or Goo( Go o(! ! "r-n "r-n! ! rr( rr( o o"" ;7 ;7 75/ 75/00 000< 0<.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... En( En(%n) %n) =o =or r %n ro$ ro$! !! ! ;7 ;7 9/00 9/000< 0<.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. To"-' "-' $o! $o!"! "! -$$o -$$on n" "( ( or or.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..
0 588/ 588/00 000 0 588 588/0 /000 00 J 84/0 84/000 00 7 525 525/0 /000 00 63/0 63/000 00 588 588/0 /000 00
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.6 1.
D%r$" &-"r%-'!
Conr!%on
48/000
48/000
12/000 60/000
4/800 52/800
Un%"! $o,'"(............................. Un%"! EIP *r-$"%on $o,'" 12/000 100............................ 12/000 40.............................. E%-'n" n%"!.............................. 2.
Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" @ 30/00060/000 @ 0.50 Un%" $onr!%on $o!" @ 52/80052/800 @ 1.00 To"-' n%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!" @ 0.50 B 1.00 @ 1.50
3.
No= "+r =o'( -no"+r ,-"r%-'! $-")or: ;=r-r!< -n( - "+%r( $o',n o %-'n" n%"! D%r$" &-"r%-'! ;=r-r!< Un%"! $o,'"(......................................................... Un%"! EIP *r-$"%on $o,'" 12/000 0............................................................ E%-'n" n%"!.........................................................
48/000 0 48/000
Un%" ,-"r%-'! $o!" ;=r-r!< @ 4/800 48/000 @ 0.10 -n( "+ "o"-' n%" $o!" =o'( no= $o, 1.60 ;1.50 B 0.10<.
Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.7 1.
*%r!"/ "=o $-'$'-"%on! -r n(( Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( @ Un%"! $o,'"( > Un%"!/ IP @ 80/000 > 10/000 @ 70/000 Un%"! !"-r"( @ Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( B Un%"!/ EIP @ 70/000 B 15/000 @ 85/000
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.7
;Con$'((<
S" 1 P+:!%$-' *'o= S$+(' Coo%n) D-r",n" Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! ;60 $o,'"< Un%"! !"-r"( (r%n) K':........................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 85/000 95/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;80 $o,'"<... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or.......................................... 2.
80/000 15/000 95/000
S" 2 E%-'n" Un%"! S$+(' Coo%n) D-r",n"
Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(......................................... A(( Un%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr$n"-) "o $o,'" 10/000 0 (%r$" ,-"r%-'!................................. 10/000 40 $onr!%on $o!"!............................ A(( Un%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr$n"-) $o,'" 15/000 100 (%r$" ,-"r%-'!............................. 15/000 80 $onr!%on $o!"!............................ E%-'n" n%"! o o"".............................................. 3.
70/000 10/000
D%r$" &-"r%-'!
Conr!%on Co!"!
70/000
70/000
4/000 15/000 85/000
12/000 86/000
E%-'n" n%"! o ,-"r%-'! @ 70/000 B ;0.40 10/000< B ;0.60 15/000< @ 83/000
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.8 1.
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!" @ 400/00050/000 B 184/00046/000 @ 8 B 4 @ 12 r %-'n" n%"
2.
U!%n) n%" $o!" %nor,-"%on -n( "+ %nor,-"%on ro, "+ %-'n" n%"! !$+(' Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" *ro, IP.................................................................. To $o,'" IP ;4 2/500<................................. S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;12 40/000<..................... To"-'.........................................................................
45/000 10/000 480/000 535/000
EIP ;8 10/000< B ;4 3/500<........................................ To"-' $o!"! -!!%)n( ;-$$on"( or<.................. R$on$%'%-"%on Co!" "o -$$on" or IP........................................................................ Crrn" ;D$,r<............................................... To"-'...................................................................... 3.
94/000 629/000
45/000 584/000 629/000
S%n$ ,-"r%-'! -r -((( -" "+ )%nn%n)/ "+r -r 5/000 %-'n" n%"! o ,-"r%-'! ;100 $o,'"
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.9 1.
*%r!"/ "=o $-'$'-"%on! -r n(( Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( @ Un%"! $o,'"( > Un%"!/ IP @ 80/000 > 10/000 @ 70/000 Un%"! !"-r"( @ Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( B Un%"!/ EIP @ 70/000 B 15/000 @ 85/000 S" 1 P+:!%$-' *'o= S$+(' Coo%n) D-r",n" Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! ;60 $o,'"< Un%"! !"-r"( (r%n) K':........................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 85/000 95/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;80 $o,'"<... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or.......................................... 2.
70/000 10/000
80/000 15/000 95/000
S" 2 E%-'n" Un%"! S$+(' Coo%n) D-r",n"
Un%"! $o,'"(.............................................................. A(( Un%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr$n"-) $o,'" 15/000 100 (%r$" ,-"r%-'!............................. 15/000 80 $onr!%on $o!"!............................ E%-'n" n%"! o o"".............................................. 3. A E%-'n" n%"! o o""....................................... !! %-'n" n%"! %n IP....................................... *I*O %-'n" n%"!................................................
D%r$" &-"r%-'!
Conr!%on Co!"!
80/000
80/000
15/000 95/000
12/000 92/000
D%r$" &-"r%-'!
Conr!%on Co!"!
95/000 10/000 85/000
92/000 6/000 86/000
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Cornr!"on E#r$%! 6.10 1.
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!" @ ;66/000 B 550/000<55/000 B ;14/000 B 184/000<49/500 @ 11.20 B 4.00 @ 15.20 r %-'n" n%"
2.
-'-"%on o %nn"or%!/ !%n) n%" $o!" %nor,-"%on -n( "+ %nor,-"%on ro, "+ %-'n" n%"! !$+('
3.
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" Un%"! $o,'"( ;15.20 45/000<........................... EIP ;11.20 10/000< B ;4.00 4/500<............................ To"-' $o!"! -!!%)n( ;-$$on"( or<..................
130/000 814/000
R$on$%'%-"%on Co!" "o -$$on" or IP........................................................................ Crrn" ;D$,r<............................................... To"-'......................................................................
80/000 734/000 814/000
684/000
Un%" ,-"r%-'! $o!" @ ;10/00055/000<6.60 B ;45/00055/000<12.22 @ 11.20 ;ron(( "o "+ n-r!" $n"<
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EXERCISES
E#r$%! 6.11 1.
or %n Pro$!!En$-!'-"%n)....................... or %n Pro$!!&%#%n).............................
64/800
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n).................................. or %n Pro$!!En$-!'-"%n)...............
126/000
*%n%!+( Goo(!.................................................... or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)..........................
194/400
64/800 126/000 194/400
2. IP&%#%n) 86/400 64/800
21/600
IPEn$-!'-"%n) 64/800 126/000 79/200 18/000
IPo""'%n) 126/000 194/400 72/000 3/600
*%n%!+( Goo(! 194/400
E#r$%! 6.12 1.
H-%r$""%n) %! - r"%"%/ +o,o)no! !r%$. T+!/ - ro$!!$o!"%n) -ro-$+ $-n !(.
2.
Co!" r +-%r$" @ 12/0001/200 @ 10
3.
&o!" !r%$! r%r "+ ! o (%r$" ,-"r%-'!. H-%r$""%n)/ or #-,'/ ,-: ! =-"r/ !+-,oo/ -n( "-'$,. *r"+r,or/ (n"%!"!/ (o$"or!/ -n( nr-' (%r$"or! -'' ! (%r$" ,-"r%-'! %n ro%(%n) !r%$!. In !o, $-!!/ "+ $o!" o (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $-n !%)n%%$-n" ;$on!%(r $ro=n!/ '-r) %''%n)!/ $-!"!/ "$.<. Cr"-%n !r%$! ,-: ! '%""' or no (%r$" ,-"r%-'!/ .)./ '""r !or"%n) -n( $on!'%n).
6-11 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.13 1.
S"-n(! -r - +o,o)no!/ ,-!!ro($( ro($". E-$+ ro($" ro($( r$%! "+ !-, (o! o ,-n-$"r%n) $o!"!.
2.
Un%" $o!" @ 330/00030/000 @ 11 r n%"
3.
*or ,'"%' ro($"!/ -$+ =%"+ "+%r o=n $''!/ AC %! !( "o -!!%)n "+ $o!"! o !+-r( or+-( -$"%%"%! "o -$+ $''. T+%! or+-( %! "+n -!!%)n( "o ro$!! o""! "o ("r,%n '"%,-"': "+ n%" ro($" $o!".
E#r$%! 6.14 1.
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) IP................................................. Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
0 750/000 750/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"(......................................................... Un%"!/ n(%n) IP....................................................... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
700/000 50/000 750/000
2. Co,'"(................................. En(%n) IP ;50/000 100<.................... ;50/000 64<...................... E%-'n" n%"!........................ 3.
;-< D%r$" &-"r%-'!
;< Conr!%on Co!"!
700/000
700/000
50/000 750/000
32/000 732/000
-. Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! @ 6/000/000750/000 . Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ ;732/000 B 2/196/000<732/000 $. To"-' ,-n-$"r%n) n%" $o!"
@ 8.00 @ 4.00 @12.00
Or+-( -'%( D%r$" '-or $o!" 1.50 732/000 @ 1/098/000 In!$"%on! 40 7/450 @ 298/000 Pr$+-!%n) 1/000 800 @ 800/000 To"-' 2/196/000
6-12 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.14 4.
;Con$'((<
-.
Co!" o n%"! "r-n!rr( o" 700/000 12.00 @ 8/400/000
.
Korn-' n"r: or %n Pro$!!'(%n).......................... or %n Pro$!!P'-" C""%n).............
$.
Co!" o EIP
8/400/000 8/400/000
@ ;50/000 8.00< B ;32/000 4.00< @ 528/000
E#r$%! 6.15 So"%n Co,-n: &%#%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or "+ Crrn" -r Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"! %n )%nn%n) IP............................... Un%"! !"-r"(................................................ To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or...........................
0 450/000 450/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or
Un%"! $o,'"(.......................... Un%"! %n n(%n) IP.................... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or...........
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! 378/000 378/000 72/000 68/400 450/000 446/400
P+:!%$-' *'o= 378/000 72/000 450/000
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or Co!"! %n )%nn%n) IP............. Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"...... To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or.........
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 0 900/000 900/000
Conr!%on Co!"! 0 4/464/000 4/464/000
0 5/364/000 5/364/000
Co!" r %-'n" n%".............
2.00
10.00
To"-'
12.00
Co!"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( ;378/000 12.00<...................................................... 4/536/000 En(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;72/000 2.00< B ;68/400 10.00<............ 828/000 To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or...................................................................... 5/364/000
6-1# © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.16 1.
2.
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
80/000 95/000 175/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!............................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or......................................
78/000 80/000 17/000 175/000
E%-'n" n%"! %)+"( -r-) ,"+o( D%r$" &-"r%-'! Conr!%on Co!"! Un%"! $o,'"(........................................ 158/000 158/000 Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!! 17/000 100....................................... 17/000 17/000 25......................................... 4/250 E%-'n" n%"! o o""........................ 175/000 162/250
3.
E%-'n" n%"!*I*O ,"+o( D%r$" &-"r%-'! Conr!%on Co!"! Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(................... 78/000 78/000 Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! 80/000 0........................................... 0 80/000 70......................................... 56/000 Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!! 17/000 100....................................... 17/000 17/000 25......................................... 4/250 E%-'n" n%"! o o""........................ 95/000 138/250
6-1$ © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.17 1.
En(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;6/000 2.00<........................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;4/500 6.00<....................... To"-' n(%n) =or %n ro$!!..............................
12/000 27/000 39/000
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;28/000 8.00<... Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!............................................ Crrn" $o!"! "o %n%!+ ;4/000 6.00<........... To"-' $o!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o"................... 2.
224/000 70/000 24/000 318/000
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 34/000 44/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
28/000 10/000 6/000 44/000
E#r$%! 6.18 Un%"! $o,'"(................. Un%"! %n n(%n) IP............ E%-'n" n%"!.................. -
;5/000 B 24/000 > 4/000< ;4/000 0.20< $ ;4/000 B 20/000 > 0< ( ;49/000 > 9/000<
A 25/000 800 25/800
24/000 $ 0 24/000
C 40/000 ( 2/700 42/700
D 70/000 2/000) 72/000
;9/000 0.30< ;45/000 B 35/000 > 10/000< ) ;10/000 0.20<
6-15 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.19 -
Co,'"( ................................................ A(( En(%n) =or %n ro$!! -................ !! )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! ......... E%-'n" n%"!........................................ -
A 25/000 800 ;1/500< 24/300
24/000 0 ;3/000< 21/000
C 40/000 2/700 ;0< 42/700
D 70/000 2/000 ;27/000< 45/000
S !o'"%on "o E#r$%! 6>18. )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! or A @ 5/000 0.30 @ 1/500 )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! or @ 4/000 0.75 @ 3/000 )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! or C @ 0 )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! or D @ 45/000 0.60 @ 27/000
E#r$%! 6.20 1.
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ ;90/000 B 75/000<33/000 B ;33/750 B 220/000<29/000 @ 5.00 B 8.75 @ 13.75 r %-'n" n%"
2.
Co!" o n(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;5.00 8/000<........................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;8.75 4/000<....................... To"-'.......................................................................
40/000 35/000 75/000
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" @ 13.75 25/000 @ 343/750
E#r$%! 6.21 1.
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 60/000 70/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.............................................. Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
40/000 10/000 20/000 70/000
6-16 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.21
;Con$'((<
2.
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-' $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 240/00060/000 B 320/00050/000 @ 4.00 B 6.40 @ 10.40 r %-'n" n%"
3.
Co!" o n(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;20/000 4.00<......................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;5/000 6.40<....................... To"-' $o!"...............................................................
4.
80/000 32/000 112/000
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;40/000 10.40< Un%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!............................................ Crrn" $o!" "o %n%!+ n%"! ;5/000 6.40<.. . To"-' $o!"...............................................................
100/000 32/000 548/000
or %n Pro$!! S=%n)....................... 548/000 or %n Pro$!!C""%n)................
548/000
416/000
E#r$%! 6.22 1.
E%-'n" n%"! !$+('
Un%"! $o,'"(..................... En(%n) IP 8/000 50........................ 8/000 100...................... To"-' %-'n" n%"!............ 2.
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 16/000
Conr!%on Co!"! 16/000
4/000
4/000
20/000
20/000
Tr-n!rr( In 16/000 8/000 24/000
Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n"
Co!"! %n IP........................... Co!"! -((( : (-r",n".... To"-' $o!"!.................................
D%r$" Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( &-"r%-'! Co!"! In To"-' 5/000 6/000 8/000 19/000 32/000 50/000 40/000 122/000 37/000 56/000 48/000 141/000
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! B Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" @ 37/00020/000 B 56/00020/000 B 48/00024/000 @ 1.85 B 2.80 B 2.00 @ 6.65
6-1% © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.23 E%-'n" n%"! !$+(' Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(................ Un%"! "o $o,'" %n IP 4/000 60....................................... Un%"! %n EIP 8/000 100..................................... 8/000 50....................................... To"-' %-'n" n%"!............................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 12/000 2/400
Conr!%on Co!"! 12/000
Tr-n!rr( In 12/000
2/400 8/000
4/000 18/400
4/000 18/400
20/000
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! B Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" @ 32/00018/400 B 50/00018/400 B 40/00020/000 @ 1.74 B 2.72 B 2.00 @ 6.46 Ron((.
E#r$%! 6.24 1.
Korn-' n"r%! -. .
$.
(. . . ).
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':....................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:...................................
24/000
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':....................... or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n)....................... -)! P-:-'.........................................
4/600 3/200
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':....................... or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n)....................... Or+-( Con"ro'.....................................
5/000 4/000
or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n)....................... or %n Pro$!!A!!,':..................
32/500
*%n%!+( Goo(!............................................. or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n)...................
20/500
Or+-( Con"ro'.......................................... &%!$''-no! A$$on"!.........................
10/000
;o"%on-' n"r:< Co!" o Goo(! So'(...................................... Or+-( Con"ro'.....................................
24/000
7/800
9/000 32/500 20/500 10/000 1/000 1/000
6-1& © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.24 2.
;Con$'((<
or %n Pro$!!A!!,': 24/000 4/600 5/000 ;32/500< 1/100 n(%n) %nn"or: or %n Pro$!!*%n%!+%n) 3/200 4/000 32/500 ;20/500< 19/200 n(%n) %nn"or:
E#r$%! 6.25 1.
*or or-"%on $o!"%n) "o -ror%-"': -'%(/ ro($"! ,!" ro($( %n -"$+! =+r "+r -r !%)n%%$-n" (%rn$! %n (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!"! " !%,%'-r (,-n(! on $onr!%on r!or$!. T+%! $o,-n: ro($! %n -"$+!/ -n( %" !,! r-!on-' "+-" "+ ro($"! =o'( ,- !%,%'-r (,-n(! on "+ $onr!%on r!or$! or "+ or-"%on! !(. T+!/ or or-"%on $o!"%n) "o !(/ "+ $o!" o (%r$" ,-"r%-'! ,!" (%r !%)n%%$-n"': r on( o o""=+"+r "+ o"" %! 'o-!/ n!/ or ro''!. *or #-,'/ % "+ (%r$" ,-"r%-'! or - 7/500on( -"$+ o 1.6on( 'o-! o =+-" r-( (%r !%)n%%$-n"': %n $o!" ro, "+ (%r$" ,-"r%-'! or - 7/500on( -"$+ o 0.6on( -$-)! o +-,r)r n! ;$on!%!"%n) o %)+" n! r -$-)
6-1' © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
E#r$%! 6.25 2.
;Con$'((<
A =or or(r =o'( n(( or -$+ -"$+/ =+%$+ %(n"%%! "+ (%r$" ,-"r%-'!/ or-"%on!/ -n( !% o -"$+!. T+ -"$+ o =+o' =+-" 'o-! =o'( ! -'' or-"%on!/ " "+ -"$+ o (%nnr ro''! =o'( no" ! "+ !'%$%n) or-"%on. T+ $o!" o (%r$" ,-"r%-'! =o'( "r-$( "o -$+ -"$+ !%n) ?o ro$(r!. ;&-"r%-'! r%!%"%on or,! =o'( %(n"%: "+ ": o -"$+/ -n"%"%!/ -n( ": o (%r$" ,-"r%-'! -!!%)n( "o -$+ -"$+ -n( "+ -!!o$%-"( $o!".< Conr!%on r-"! or -$+ ro$!! =o'( !( "o -!!%)n $onr!%on $o!"!. *or #-,'/ or -%n)/ "+ $o!" o nr):/ (r$%-"%on/ o"+r or+-(/ -n( '-or =o'( -!!%)n( : ,'"%':%n) - r("r,%n( $onr!%on r-" : "+ -"$+! -%n) "%,. T+ !-, -'%$-"%on -ro-$+ =o'( !( or -$+ or-"%on/ -'"+o)+ !o, o "+ '!!r or-"%on! !$+ -! r%!%n) -n( $oo'%n) ,-: no" ! ,-n: r!or$!/ -n( "+: ,-: n( "o $o,%n( =%"+ ,or !%)n%%$-n" or-"%on!. *or #-,'/ $oo'%n) -n( -$-)%n) $o'( (%n( -! on or-"%on.
6-20 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
CPATPE EXERCISES
E#r$%! 6.26 -.
;"+ on': (%rn$ "=n "+ "=o %! +o= )%nn%n) %nn"or: %! "r-"(L =%"+ no )%nn%n) %nn"or: "+ "=o -ro-$+! :%'( "+ !-, r!'"!<.
E#r$%! 6.27 $.
;3/500 B ;0.40 1/000<<
E#r$%! 6.28 .
;-nor,-' 'o!! %! r$or(( %n - !-r-" -$$on" -n( "r-$( !-r-"':<
E#r$%! 6.29 .
S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( IP ;"o $o,'"< EIP E%-'n" n%"!
&-"r%-'! 30/000 0 10/000 40/000
Conr!%on Co!" 30/000 2/000 4/000 36/000
E#r$%! 6.30
$.
Co!" "r-n!rr( o" @ 9 13/500 @ 121/500
6-21 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
PROE&S
Pro', 6.31 1.
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ Un%"! !"-r"( ;"r-n!rr( %n<................................ To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or...................................... 135/000 > 40/500 @ 94/500. Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o".................. Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!............................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or......................................
2. Tr-n!rr( o"....................... En(%n) IP............................. To"-'......................................... ;13/500 25< 3.
121/500 13/500 135/000
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" &-"r%-'! Conr!%on Co!"! 121/500 121/500 13/500 3/375 135/000 124/875
Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" @ ;1/215/000 B 2/565/000<135/000 @ 28 Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ ;372/600 B 5/871/150<124/875 @ 50 To"-' n%" $o!" @ 28 B 50 @ 78 Or+-( -'%( In!$"%on! 150 4/000 @ &-%n"n-n$ 750 1/600 @ R$%%n) 300 2/000 @ D%r$" '-or $o!" Conr!%on $o!"
40/500 94/500 135/000
600/000 1/200/000 600/000 2/400/000 3/471/150 5/871/150
6-22 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.31 4.
;Con$'((<
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" 121/500 78 @ 9/477/000 En(%n) IP ;13/500 28< B ;3/375 50< @ 546/750 R$on$%'%-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or IP ;1/215/000 B 372/600<......................... Crrn" ;2/565/000 B 5/871/150<................... To"-'................................................................... Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( o"................................................. EIP................................................................... To"-'...................................................................
5.
or %n Pro$!!'(%n)................................. or %n Pro$!!C""%n)............................
1/587/600 8/436/150 10/023/750 9/477/000 546/750 10/023/750 9/477/000 9/477/000
Pro', 6.32 1.
S-, -! Pro', 6>31.
2. S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.................. )%nn%n) IP "o $o,'" -.......... En(%n) IP.................................... E%-'n" n%"!..............................
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" &-"r%-'! Conr!%on Co!"! 81/000 81/000 0 32/400 13/500 3/375 94/500 116/775
-
;40/500 0 "o $o,'"< @ 0 ;40/500 80 "o $o,'"< @ 32/400 S !o'"%on "o Pro', 6>31. 3.
Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" ;2/565/00094/500<.................. Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! ;5/871/150116/775<...................... To"-' n%" $o!"....................................................................... Ron((.
27.143 50.277 77.420
6-2# © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.32 4.
;Con$'((<
Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" *ro, )%nn%n) IP ;1/215/000 B 372/600<.................... 1/587/600 To $o,'" )%nn%n) IP ;32/400 50.277<................. 1/628/975 S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;81/000 77.420<......................... 6/271/020 To"-'........................................................................................ 9/487/595 Co!" o n(%n) IP @ ;27.143 13/500< B ;50.277 3/375< @ 536/115 Ron((. R$on$%'%-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) IP............................................. Crrn"......................................................... Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( o"................................................ En(%n) IP......................................................
1/587/600 8/436/150 10/023/750 9/487/595 536/115 10/023/710
D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
6-2$ © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.33 H-"$+ Co,-n: *-r%$-"%on D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or D$,r Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................. 90/000 Un%"! !"-r"(................................................................ 135/000 Un%"! "o -$$on" or.................................................... 225/000 Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"(............................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!........ To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or................
P+:!%$-' *'o= 180/000 45/000 225/000
E%-'n" Un%"! 180/000 36/000 216/000
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or Co!"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!..................................... Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"............................................... To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or..................................................
&-n-$"r%n) Co!"! 216/720 522/000 738/720
Co!" r %-'n" n%" ;738/720216/000<..........................
3.42
Co!"! -$$on"( or Un%"! $o,'"( ;180/000 3.42<.................................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;36/000 3.42<............... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or...................................................
615/600 123/120 738/720
6-25 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.34 H-"$+ Co,-n: *-r%$-"%on D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or D$,r Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................... Un%"! !"-r"(.............................................................. To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or........................................
90/000 135/000 225/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!............. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or......................
P+:!%$-' *'o= 90/000 90/000 45/000 225/000
E%-'n" Un%"! 90/000 54/000 36/000 180/000
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or Co!"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!..................................... Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"............................................... To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or.................................................. Co!" r %-'n" n%" ;522/000180/000<.......................... Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( o" Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;90/000 2.90<............ Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!..................................................... Crrn" $o!"! "o %n%!+ n%"! ;54/000 2.90<........ To"-' $o!" "r-n!rr( o"........................................ Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;36/000 2.90<............... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or...................................................
&-n-$"r%n) Co!"! 216/720 522/000 738/720
2.90
261/000 216/720 156/600 634/320 104/400 738/720
6-26 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.35 1. T+ o" '""r %! "+ o"". 2.
-. P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
2/000 11/200 13/200
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!........................... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
8/000 2/000 3/200 13/200
. E%-'n" n%"! !$+(' Tr-n!rr( In Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(................. 8/000 )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! 0 2/000............................................ 0 100 2/000........................................ 60 2/000.......................................... En(%n) =or %n ro$!! 100 3/200........................................ 3/200 0 3/200............................................ 25 3/200.......................................... E%-'n" n%"! o o"" ..................... 11/200
D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! 8/000 8/000 2/000 1/200 0 10/000
800 10/000
$. Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Un%" $o!" @ Tr-n!rr(%n $o!" B D%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Conr!%on $o!"! @ 112/00011/200 B 5/00010/000 B 150/00010/000 @ 10.00 B 0.50 B 15.00 @ 25.50
6-2% © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.35
;Con$'((<
(. -'-"%on Un%"! "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;8/000 25.50<........ Un%"! ro, )%nn%n) IP Pr%orr%o( $o!"!....................................... Co!"! "o %n%!+ 2/000 0.50.......................................... 1/200 15.............................................. To"-'.............................................................. En(%n) =or %n ro$!! 3/200 10........................................................ 800 15............................................................ To"-'...................................................................
204/000 29/200 1/000 18/000
48/200 252/200 32/000 12/000 44/000
. Co!" r$on$%'%-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) IP........................................................ Co!"! -(((........................................................... To"-'.........................................................................
29/200 267/000 296/200
Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( o"....................................................... En(%n) IP............................................................. To"-'.........................................................................
252/200 44/000 296/200
Pro', 6.36 1.
&o'(%n) D-r",n" -. P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"( %n *r-r:.......................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 25/000 35/000
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
20/000 10/000 5/000 35/000
6-2& © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.36
;Con"%n(<
. E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! $o,'"(......................................................... 30/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! 5/000 To"-' %-'n" n%"!................................................ 35/000
Conr!%on Co!"! 30/000 4/000 34/000
$. Un%" $o!" $o,"-"%on Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!. . Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"............... To"-' $o!"!............................................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 22/000 56/250 78/250
Conr!%on Co!"! 13/800 103/500 117/300
To"-' 35/800 159/750 195/550
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 78/25035/000 B 117/30034/000 @ 2.2357 B 3.45 @ 5.6857 Ron((. (. -n( . To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or Co!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" ;30/000 5.6857<.. .. Co!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;5/000 2.2357<........................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;4/000 3.45<............................ To"-' $o!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!....................... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or............................................ Ron((.
170/571 11/179 13/800 24/979 195/550
Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!.......................................... Co!"! %n$rr(.............................................................. To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or............................................
35/800 159/750
6-2' © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
195/550
Pro', 6.36 2.
;Con"%n(<
Korn-' n"r%! or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)................................. &-"r%-'! Inn"or:.......................................
56/250
or %n Pro$!! &o'(%n)................................. Conr!%on Co!"!Con"ro'........................
103/500
or %n Pro$!! A!!,':.............................. or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)..........................
170/571
56/250 103/500 170/571
Conr!%on $o!"! -r no" ron %n"o (%r$" '-or -n( or+-( $o,onn"!. T+!/ - $on"ro''%n) -$$on" or $onr!%on $o!"! %! !(. T+%! r'$"! "+ r-$"%$ o !o, %r,!/ =+%$+ -r no= $o,%n%n) or+-( -n( (%r$" '-or $o!"! %n"o on $-")or: ;o"n $-! (%r$" '-or %! - !,-'' r$n"-) o "o"-' ,-n-$"r%n) $o!"!<. 3.
A!!,': D-r",n" -. P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"( %n *r-r: ;"r-n!rr( %n<............... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
8/000 30/000 38/000
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
27/000 8/000 3/000 38/000
. E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! $o,'"(................................... 35/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 0 To"-' %-'n" n%"!.......................... 35/000
Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( Co!"! In 35/000 35/000 1/500 36/500
3/000 38/000
$. Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" D%r$" &-"r%-'! Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ 0 Co!"! -(((...................... 39/550 To"-' $o!"!......................... 39/550
Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( Co!"! In 16/800 136/500 153/300
45/200 170/571 215/771
6-#0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
To"-' 62/000 346/621 408/621
Pro', 6.36
;Con$'((<
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! B Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" @ 39/55035/000 B 153/30036/500 B 215/77138/000 @ 1.13 B 4.20 B 5.6782 @ 11.0082 Ron((. (. -n( . To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or Un%"! "r-n!rr( o" ;35/000 11.0082<................ Co!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'!...................................................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;1/500 4.20<......................... Tr-n!rr( %n ;3/000 5.6782<........................... To"-' $o!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or......................................... Ron((.
385/287
0 6/300 17/035 * 23/335 408/622
Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!....................................... Co!"! %n$rr(............................................................ To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or......................................... D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
62/000 346/621 408/621
Korn-' n"r%! or %n Pro$!!A!!,':....................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:................................
39/550
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':....................... Conr!%on Co!"!Con"ro'.................
136/500
*%n%!+( Goo(!............................................. or %n Pro$!!A!!,':...............
385/287
39/550 136/500 385/287
Conr!%on $o!"! -r no" ron %n"o (%r$" '-or -n( or+-( $o,onn"!. T+!/ - $on"ro''%n) -$$on" or $onr!%on $o!"! %! !(. T+%! r'$"! "+ r-$"%$ o !o, %r,!/ =+%$+ -r no= $o,%n%n) or+-( -n( (%r$" '-or $o!"! %n"o on $-")or: ;o"n $-! (%r$" '-or %! - !,-'' r$n"-) o "o"-' ,-n-$"r%n) $o!"!<.
6-#1 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.37 1.
&o'(%n) D-r",n" -. P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"( %n *r-r:.......................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or.......................................... Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
10/000 25/000 35/000 20/000 10/000 5/000 35/000
. E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.................................... 20/000 20/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! 6/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.. 5/000 4/000 To"-' %-'n" n%"!................................................ 25/000 30/000 $. Un%" $o!" $o,"-"%on Co!" $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!..... Co!"! -((( : (-r",n".................. To"-' $o!"!...............................................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 22/000 56/250 78/250
Conr!%on Co!"! To"-' 13/800 35/800 103/500 159/750 117/300 195/550
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 56/25025/000 B 103/50030/000 @ 2.25 B 3.45 @ 5.70
6-#2 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.37
;Con"%n(<
(. -n( . To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or Co!" o n%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;20/000 5.70<...................................................... Co!" o n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!.................................................. Crrn" $o!" "o %n%!+ n%"! ;6/000 3.45<......... To"-' $o!" o n%"! "r-n!rr( o"........................... Co!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;5/000 2.25<............................ Conr!%on $o!"! ;4/000 3.45<......................... To"-' $o!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or.........................................
114/000 35/800 20/700 170/500 11/250 13/800 25/050 195/550
Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!....................................... Co!"! %n$rr(............................................................ To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or......................................... 2.
or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)...................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:............................
56/250
or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)...................... Conr!%on Co!"!Con"ro'.............
103/500
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':................... or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)...............
170/500
35/800 159/750 195/550 56/250 103/500 170/500
S%n$ (%r$" '-or -n( or+-( -r no" )%n !-r-"':/ - $on"ro' -$$on" or $onr!%on $o!"! %! !(. &or %r,! -r !%n) - $o,%n( $on"ro' -$$on" '% "+%! $-! '-or +-! $o, - !,-'' r$n"-) o "o"-' ,-n-$"r%n) $o!"! ;or "+! %r,!<.
6-## © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.37 3.
;Con"%n(<
A!!,': D-r",n" -. P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"( %n *r-r: ;"r-n!rr( %n<............... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or.......................................... Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
8/000 30/000 38/000 27/000 8/000 3/000 38/000
. E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.............. 27/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 8/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 0 To"-' %-'n" n%"!.......................... 35/000
Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( Co!"! In 27/000 27/000 4/000
0
1/500 32/500
3/000 30/000
$. Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" D%r$" &-"r%-'! Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............. 0 Co!"! -(((...................... 39/550 To"-' $o!"!......................... 39/550
Conr!%on Co!"! 16/800 136/500 153/300
Tr-n!rr( In 45/200 170/500 215/700
Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! B Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" @ 39/55035/000 B 136/50032/500 B 170/50030/000 @ 1.13 B 4.20 B 5.6833 @ 11.0133 Ron((.
6-#$ © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
To"-' 62/000 346/550 408/550
Pro', 6.37
;Con$'((<
(. -n( . To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or Co!" o n%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;27/000 11.0133<................................................. Co!" o n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!.................................................. Crrn" $o!" "o %n%!+ n%"! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;8/000 1.13<....................... Conr!%on $o!"! ;4/000 4.20<................... To"-' $o!"! o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o"....................... Co!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! Conr!%on ;1/500 4.20<................................... Tr-n!rr( %n ;3/000 5.6833<........................... To"-' $o!"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or......................................... Ron((.
297/359 62/000 9/040 16/800 385/199
6/300 17/050 23/350 408/549
Co!"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!....................................... Co!"! %n$rr(............................................................ To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or......................................... D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
62/000 346/550 408/550
Korn-' n"r%! or %n Pro$!!A!!,':..................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:................................
39/550
or %n Pro$!!A!!,':..................... Conr!%on Co!"!Con"ro'.................
136/500
39/550 136/500
*%n%!+( Goo(!........................................... 385/199 or %n Pro$!!A!!,':............... 385/199 S%n$ (%r$" '-or -n( or+-( -r no" )%n !-r-"':/ - $on"ro' -$$on" or $onr!%on $o!"! %! !(. &or %r,! -r !%n) - $o,%n( $on"ro' -$$on" '% "+%! $-! (%r$" '-or +-! $o, - !,-'' r$n"-) o "o"-' ,-n-$"r%n) $o!"! ;or "+! %r,!<.
6-#5 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.38 1.
H-'"+=-: &%#%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or K': 20XX Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!...... Un%"! !"-r"(......................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or....................
5 126 131
Un%"! -$$on"( or
Un%"! $o,'"(................................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!............ To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or....................
P+:!%$-' *'o= 125 6 131
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! 125 125 6 3 131 128
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or D%r$" &-"r%-'! Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!. . 120 Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"............... 3/144 To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or................... 3/264 Co!" r %-'n" n%"........................... 24.916
Conr!%on Co!"! To"-' 384 504 12/288 15/432 12/672 15/936 99.00
123.916
Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( O" Goo(! "r-n!rr( o" ;125 123.916<................................ 15/490 En(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;6 24.916<......... Conr!%on $o!"! ;3 99.00<........ To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or................... 15/490
En(%n) or %n Pro$!! 149 297 446
To"-' 15/490 149 297 15/936
Ron((.
6-#6 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.38
;Con"%n(<
2.
H-'"+=-: T-'"%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or K': 20XX Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!....................... Un%"! !"-r"(.......................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or....................................
4/000 200/000 204/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or E%-'n" Un%"! P+:!%$-' Tr-n!rr( D%r$" Conr!%on *'o= In &-"r%-'! Co!"! Un%"! $o,'"(...................... 198/000 198/000 198/000 198/000 Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 6/000 6/000 6/000 2/400 To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or....... 204/000 204/000 204/000 200/400 Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or Tr-n!rr( D%r$" Conr!%on In &-"r%-'! Co!"!
Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Co!"! -((( : (-r",n".. To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or..... 22/156
Co!" r %-'n" n%".............. Ron((. D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
To"-'
140 15/490 15/630
32 1/584 1/616
50 4/860 4/910
0.0766
0.0079
0.0245
0.1090
6-#% © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
222 21/934
Pro', 6.38
;Con$'((<
Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( En(%n) or O" %n Pro$!! Goo(! "r-n!rr( o" ;198/000 0.1090<............................. En(%n) =or %n ro$!! Tr-n!rr( %n ;6/000 0.0766<........ D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;6/000 0.0079<..... Conr!%on $o!"! ;2/400 0.0245<.. To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or...................... Ron((. D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
21/582 21/582
460 47 59 566
To"-' 21/582 460 47 59 22/148
Pro', 6.39 H-'"+=-: &%#%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or K': 20XX Un%" Inor,-"%on Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................... Un%"! !"-r"(...................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or................................
5 126 131
Un%"! -$$on"( or
Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(................ Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! ;"o $o,'"<.................................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!............. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or......................
P+:!%$-' *'o= 120 5 6 131
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! 120 120 6 126
6-#& © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
3 3 126
Pro', 6.39
;Con"%n(< Co!" Inor,-"%on
Co!"! "o -$$on" or Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!. . . Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"................. To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or....................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 120 3/144 3/264
Co!" r %-'n" n%".............................
24.952
Conr!%on Co!"! 384 12/288 12/672 97.524
To"-' 504 15/432 15/936 122.476
Co!"! -$$on"( or Goo(! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;120 122.476<................................ 14/697 Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%or r%o(....................................... Crrn" r%o( ;3 97.524<........... En(%n) =or %n ro$!! D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;6 24.952<......... Conr!%on $o!"! ;3 97.524<...... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or.....................
Tr-n!rr( O"
En(%n) or %n Pro$!!
14/697
504 293
15/494
150 293 443
Ron((. D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
6-#' © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
To"-' 504 293 150 293 15/937
Pro', 6.39
;Con"%n(< H-'"+=-: T-'"%n) D-r",n" Pro($"%on Ror" or K': 20XX Un%" Inor,-"%on
Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............. Un%"! !"-r"(................................................ To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or...........................
4/000 200/000 204/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or
Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.... Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................................. Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or.........
P+:!%$-' *'o= 194/000
E%-'n" Un%"! Tr-n!rr( D%r$" Conr!%on In &-"r%-'! Co!"! 194/000 194/000 194/000
4/000
2/000
6/000 204/000
6/000 200/000
6/000 200/000
2/400 198/400
Co!" Inor,-"%on Co!"! "o -$$on" or Tr-n!rr( In
Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 140 Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"... 15/494 To"-' $o!"! "o -$$on" or....... 15/634 22/160
Co!" r %-'n" n%" .............. 0.0775
D%r$" &-"r%-'!
Conr!%on Co!"!
To"-'
32 1/584 1/616
50 4/860 4/910
222 21/938
0.0079
0.0245
0.1099
Ron((. D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
6-$0 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.39
;Con$'((<
Co!"! -$$on"( or Tr-n!rr( En(%n) or O" %n Pro$!! Goo(! "r-n!rr( o" ;194/000 0.1099<................................ Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%or r%o(............................................ Crrn" r%o( ;2/000 0.0245<.......... En(%n) =or %n ro$!! Tr-n!rr( %n ;6/000 0.0775<........... D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;6/000 0.0079<........ Conr!%on $o!"! ;2/400 0.0245<.... To"-' $o!"! -$$on"( or..........................
21/321
222 49 21/592
To"-' 21/321
222 49
465 47 59 571
465 47 59 22/163
Ron((. D%rn$ ( "o ron(%n).
Pro', 6.40 1.
Conr!%on $o!" r-" ;&%#%n)<
@ 250/0005/000 @ 50 r (%r$" '-or +or
Conr!%on $o!" r-" ;o""'%n)< @ 400/00020/000 @ 20 r ,-$+%n +or R)'-r S"rn)"+ A'%( $onr!%on $o!"! &%#%n) 50 12/000 160..................... 50 18/000 160..................... o""'%n) 20 12/000 1120................... 20 18/000 1120...................
E#"r- S"rn)"+
10/000 15/000 2/000 3/000
6-$1 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.40 2.
;Con"%n(<
Un%" $o!" $o,"-"%on R)'-r S"rn)"+ D%r$" ,-"r%-'!.................................... 9/000 A'%( $onr!%on $o!"! &%#%n)........................................... 10/000 T-'"%n)...................................... 5/000 En$-!'-"%n)............................. o""'%n)........................................ 2/000 To"-' ,-n-$"r%n) $o!".................... 26/000 Un%"!...................................................... J 12/000 Un%" $o!"................................................ 2.17 Ron((.
3.
E#"r- S"rn)"+ 15/000 15/000 6/000 3/000 39/000 J18/000 2.17
Korn-' n"r%! or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)................................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:.......................................
9/000
or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)................................... Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
10/000
or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)............................... or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)............................
19/000
or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)............................... Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
5/000
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)................................. or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)........................
24/000
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)................................. Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
2/000
*%n%!+( Goo(!.................................................... or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)..........................
26/000
9/000 10/000 19/000 5/000 24/000 2/000 26/000
6-$2 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.40 4.
;Con$'((<
R%!( ?orn-' n"r%! or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)................................... &-"r%-'! Inn"or:.......................................
4/500
or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)................................... Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
10/000
or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)............................... or %n Pro$!!&%#%n)............................
14/500
or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)............................... Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
5/000
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)................................. or %n Pro$!!T-'"%n)........................
19/500
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)................................. &-"r%-'! Inn"or:.......................................
4/500
or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)................................. Conr!%on Co!"Con"ro'...........................
2/000
*%n%!+( Goo(!.................................................... or %n Pro$!!o""'%n)..........................
26/000
4/500 10/000 14/500 5/000 19/500 4/500 2/000 26/000
6-$# © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.41 1.
Un%" $o!" $o,"-"%on P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
0 2/800 2/800
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
2/500 0 300 2/800
Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!..... Co!"! -((( : (-r",n".................. To"-' $o!"!...............................................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 0 114/000 114/000
Conr!%on Co!"! To"-' 0 0 82/200 196/200 82/200 196/200
E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on Un%"! $o,'"(.................................................... A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!! To"-' %-'n" n%"!...........................................
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 2/500 300 2/800
Conr!%on Co!"! 2/500 240 2/740
Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 114/0002/800 B 82/2002/740 @ 40.71 B 30.00 @ 70.71 Ron((.
6-$$ © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.41 2.
;Con"%n(<
S%n$ $onr!%on -$"%%": %! "+ !-, or o"+ o=!/ on': "+ ,-"r%-'! $o!" =%'' (%r. T+!/ "+ n%" ,-"r%-'! $o!" %! $o,"( -n( "+n -((( "o "+ n%" $onr!%on $o!"! o"-%n( %n R%r,n" 1. E$ono &o(' P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
0 1/600 1/600
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
1/500 0 100 1/600
D%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" D%r$" &-"r%-'! Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ 0 Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"..................................... 30/000 To"-' $o!"!.................................................................. 30/000 E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! $o,'"(......................................................... 1/500 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!. . 100 To"-' %-'n" n%"!................................................ 1/600 Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 30/0001/600 B 30.00 @ 18.75 B 30.00 @ 48.75
6-$5 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.41
;Con"%n(<
D'# &o(' P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
0 1/200 1/200
Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
1/000 0 200 1/200
D%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" D%r$" &-"r%-'! Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ 0 Co!"! -((( : (-r",n"..................................... 84/000 To"-' $o!"!.................................................................. 84/000 E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! $o,'"(......................................................... 1/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.. 200 To"-' %-'n" n%"!................................................ 1/200 Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 84/0001/200 B 30 @ 70 B 30 @ 100
6-$6 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.41 3.
;Con$'((<
Un%" $o!" or E$ono ,o('........................................ Un%" $o!" or D'# ,o('....................................... Un%" $o!" or o"+ "o)"+r.......................................
48.75 100.00 70.71
U!%n) r ro$!! $o!"%n) n(r!"-"! "+ $o!" o "+ D'# ,o(' -n( or!"-"! "+ $o!" o "+ E$ono ,o('. T+ rror %! '-r)/ !o M-rn !,! "o ?!"%%( %n +r '% "+-" - r ro$!!$o!"%n) r'-"%on!+% %! no" -ror%-". Pro$!! $o!"%n) $o'( !( or -'' (-r",n"! o"+r "+-n "+ P-""rn D-r",n". In "+ P-""rn D-r",n"/ ro$!!$o!"%n) ro$(r! $-n !( or $onr!%on $o!"!/ " "+ $o!" o (%r$" ,-"r%-'! !+o'( "r-$( : -"$+. 4.
T+ ro%"-%'%": o "+ E$ono '%n =-! %n) n(r!"-"( : n-r': 22/ =+%' "+-" o "+ D'# '%n =-! or!"-"( : or 29/ ro($%n) -n rrono! 51 (%rn$ %n ro%"-%'%": n(r "+ $rrn" ro$!!$o!"%n) !:!",. T+%! -!%': $o'( no)+ (%rn$ "o ,- "+ ,-r"%n) ,-n-)r! r!" or -((%"%on-' -(r"%!%n) (o''-r! - !on( on. I" %! %" o!!%' "+-" A-ron =-! =ron) %n no" )r-n"%n) "+ r!"=ron) $-! + =-! !%n) "+ =ron) $o!" %nor,-"%on. T+%! #-,' %''!"r-"! "+ %,or"-n$ o -n -$$r-" $o!"%n) !:!",.
6-$% © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.42 1.
Tr-n!rr( In Tr-n!rr( o".......................................... 330/000 Nor,-' !o%'-)........................................ 20/000 En(%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ 50/000 E%-'n" n%"!......................................... 400/000
D%r$" &-"r%-'! 330/000 20/000 50/000 400/000
Conr!%on Co!"! 330/000 20/000 40/000 390/000
2.
Tr-n!rr( %n @ 2/000/000400/000 @ 5.00 Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! @ 600/000400/000 @ 1.50 Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! @ 780/000390/000 @ 2.00 To"-' n%" $o!" @ 5.00 B 1.50 B 2.00 @ 8.50
3.
Co!" o n%"! "r-n!rr( o" @ ;8.50 330/000< B ;8.50 20/000< @ 2/805/000 B 170/000 @ 2/975/000 Note: Nor,-' !o%'-) %! -((( "o "+ $o!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o". Co!" o n(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;5.00 50/000< B ;1.50 50/000< B ;2.00 40/000< @ 405/000
4.
I -'' !o%'-) %! -nor,-'/ %" =o'( no" -((( "o "+ $o!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o". I" =o'( -!!%)n( "o - 'o!! -$$on" -n( "r-"( -! - 'o!! o "+ r%o(. T+ o''o=%n) ?orn-' n"r: %! r%r( o!! ro, Anor,-' So%'-)............................ or %n Pro$!!D!%)n -n( Co'or%n)....
170/000 170/000
%=%n) -'' !o%'-) -! -nor,-' %! $on!%!"n" =%"+ - "o"-' -'%": ,-n-),n" %=. A'' =-!" %! -( -n( !+o'( '%,%n-"(. T+r %! no nor,-' =-!". 5.
I "+r %! 80 -nor,-' !o%'-)/ "+n "+ $o!" o 16/000 n%"! ;8.50 16/000<136/000=o'( -!!%)n( "o "+ -nor,-' 'o!! -$$on"/ -n( "+ $o!" o "+ o"+r 4/000 n%"! =o'( -!!%)n( "o "+ $o!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o" ;8.50 4/000
6-$& © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.43 1.
P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"! "o -$$on" or Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
3/000 7/000 10/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! "r-n!rr( o"................................................. Un%"! !o%'(.............................................................. Un%"!/ n(%n) =or %n ro$!!.................................. To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
8/000 1/000 1/000 10/000
2. Tr-n!rr( o".......................................................... Anor,-' 'o!!............................................................ En(%n) =or %n ro$!!............................................ To"-'............................................................................ ;1/000 25<
E%-'n" Un%"! D%r$" Conr!%on &-"r%-'! Co!"! 8/000 8/000 1/000 1/000 1/000 250 10/000 9/250
3.
Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" ;450 B 950<10/000...................... Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! ;138 B 2/174.50<9/250..................... To"-' n%" $o!".............................................................................
0.14 0.25 0.39
4.
Co!" "r-n!rr( o" 8/000 0.39 @ 3/120 En(%n) =or %n ro$!! ;1/000 0.14< B ;250 0.25< @ 202.50 o!! ( "o !o%'-) 1/000 0.39 @ 390
5.
o!! ro, Anor,-' So%'-)................. or %n Pro$!!&o'(%n)...............
390 390
6-$' © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.44 1.
-%n) D-r",n" ;"o o"-%n "+ $o!" o )oo(! "r-n!rr( o"< Un%"! "o -$$on" or )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!....................................... Un%"! !"-r"(............................................................... 100/000 To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or..........................................
10/000 110/000
Un%"! -$$on"( or Un%"! "r-n!rr( o"................................................. 100/000 $ Nor,-' !o%'-)......................................................... 5/000 Anor,-' !o%'-)..................................................... 5/000 To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or.......................................... 110/000 2 50/000. 2 5/000 $ S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( 90/000 ;!"r-$"%n) o" )%nn%n) =or%nro$!! n%"!<. E%-'n"
Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.................................. E%-'n" n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!.. . Nor,-' !o%'-)...................................................... Anor,-' !o%'-).................................................. To"-' %-'n" n%"!.............................................
Conr!%on Co!"! 90/000 7/500 2/500 2/500 102/500
Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! 205/000102/500............. Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" 250/000100/000........... To"-' n%" $o!"..........................................................
2.00 2.50 4.50
Un%"! "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;4.50 90/000<.................. Un%"! ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!.................................................. Co!"! "o %n%!+ ;2.00 7/500<.............................. Nor,-' !o%'-) ;2.00 2/500< B ;2.50 5/000< To"-'.............................................................................
Un%"!
Tr-n!rr( In 90/000 0 5/000 5/000 100/000
405/000 35/000 15/000
Anor,-' !o%'-) 'o!! ;2.00 2/500< B ;2.50 5/000< @ 17/500
6-50 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
50/000 17/500 472/500
Pro', 6.44
;Con"%n(<
Gr%n(%n) D-r",n" P+:!%$-' 'o= !$+(' Un%"!/ )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!............................ Un%"! !"-r"( %n Ar%' ;"r-n!rr( %n<....................... To"-' n%"! "o -$$on" or.......................................... Un%"! $o,'"( -n( "r-n!rr( o" S"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.......................................... *ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!......................... To"-' n%"! -$$on"( or..........................................
500 2/000 2/500 2/000 500 2/500
Pon(! %! $onr"( "o -)! 25/00050/ 100/00050 E%-'n" n%"! $-'$'-"%on D%r$" &-"r%-'! Un%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"(.............. 2/000 A(( E%-'n" n%"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!................................ 500 To"-' %-'n" n%"!.......................... 2/500
Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( Co!"! In 2/000 2/000 300 2/300
0 2/000
Un%" $o!" $-'$'-"%on Co!"! $+-r)( "o "+ (-r",n" D%r$" Conr!%on Tr-n!rr( &-"r%-'! Co!"! In To"-' Co!"! %n )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!!........................ 0 15/000 132/500 147/500 Co!"! -(((...................... 4/125 172/500 472/500 649/125 To"-' $o!"!......................... 4/125 187/500 605/000 796/625 1.1 2/500 1.50 ;11 -)! -r !( "o )" 10 )oo( -)!<. Un%" $o!" @ Un%" (%r$" ,-"r%-'! $o!" B Un%" $onr!%on $o!"! B Un%" "r-n!rr(%n $o!" @ 4/1252/500 B 172/5002/300 B 472/5002/000 @ 1.65 B 75.00 B 236.25 @ 312.90
6-51 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
Pro', 6.44
;Con$'((<
Un%"! "r-n!rr( o" Un%" $o!" o n%"! !"-r"( -n( $o,'"( ;2/000 n%"!< 312.90 Un%" $o!" o n%"! ro, )%nn%n) =or %n ro$!! Pr%orr%o( $o!"!.......................................... 147/500 Co!"! "o %n%!+ D%r$" ,-"r%-'! ;1.65 500<................. 825 Conr!%on $o!"! ;75 300<................. 22/500 To"-'...................................................... 170/825 Un%"!..................................................... 500 Un%" $o!".................................................... 341.65 2.
-%n) o!! D "o So%'-)............................... or %n Pro$!!-%n).................
17/500 17/500
T+r %! no -nor,-' !o%'-) %n "+ Gr%n(%n) D-r",n".
CER RESEARCH CASE 6.45 An!=r! =%'' -r:.
T+ Co''-or-"% -rn%n) E#r$%! So'"%on! $-n on( on "+ %n!"r$"or =!%" -" +""'o)%n.$n)-).$o,.
6-52 © 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, coied or d!licated, or osted to a !blicly accessible "ebsite, in "hole or in art.
