Addiction: Eating Disorder
1.0
Introduction
Addiction is a condi conditi tion on that that resu result ltss when when a pers person on inge ingest stss a subs substa tance nce (e.g. (e.g.,, alcoh alcohol ol,, cocaine,, nicotine cocaine nicotine)) or enga engage gess in an acti activi vity ty (e.g (e.g., ., gamb gambli ling ng,, sex sex,, shop shoppi ping ng)) that that can can be pleasurable but the continuation of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary responsibilities and concerns, such as work, relationships, or health health.. People who have developed an addiction may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others.
An eating disorder is an addiction to have a skinny body. body. An eating eating disorder disorder is a psychological psychological disorder that has the characteristics of the disruption of eating patterns and ways to control weig weight ht.. When When
ente enteri ring ng
adol adoles esce cenc nce, e,
espe especi cial ally ly
duri during ng
pube pubert rty y,
adol adoles esce cent ntss
becom becomee
very concern on weight gain, especially young women, because they have added the amount of fatty tissue, so it is easy to become obese when they consume highcalorie foods. !n fact many women wanted look slim and lean. Presuming that being thin will make them happy, successful, and popular. popular. A person person with eating eating disorders disorders has a problem problem with body image. "his means that they see themselves already have the mindset (thinking that has been imprinted in the brain) that their bodies are not ideal. "hey find his body fat, a lot of fat here and there and unsightly u nsightly..
!n the view of #rikson, adolescents are at a period of identity crisis ( crisis of identity ), it encourages teens to seek their identity (identity), the way to fulfill his desire to be an individual that is $perfect$, intellectually, the personality, as well as in physical appearance. "o be able to appear attractive and appealing to the opposite sex, then one of the efforts is trying to have the ideal body shape, for example by ad%usting the diet. &owever, often a lot of teenagers who are haunted by fears and worry that it will suffer a failure of the effort. A person with an eating disorder may start consume less or more than usual, but at a certain stage, the desire to eat less or more spiraling out of desire (American Psychiatric Association Association 'APA, **+).
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2.0
Type of Eating Disorder
"here are two main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. "he third category is $other eating disorders not otherwise specified (#-/0 eating disorders not otherwise specified), which include some variation of eating disorders. 1ost are similar to anorexia or bulimia but with slightly different character. 2ingeeating disorder, which received an increase in the number of research and media attention in recent years, is one type of #-/0 (APA, **+).
2.1
Norexia Nervosa
According to the -01!3, anorexia nervosa (A) is meant by 4is an unwillingness to assign weight approximately 5+6 of that predicted, excessive fear to gain weight, and does not menstruate for three consecutive cycles.7 A divided to two types. !n restrictingtype anorexia type, these individuals lose weight by dieting sake only without overeat (binge eating) or vomiting again (purging). "hey too are limiting the consumption of carbohydrates and fat containing meal. When someone were the type of bingeeating8 purging, such individuals overeat and then vomit it back it intentionally (APA, **+). Patients with anorexia always felt overweight when in fact they are already very thin. "hey eat very little (less than 9*** calories per day), exercise excessively, and regurgitate food, taking drugs laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Although anorexia are more common in teenage girls and young women, anorexia can also occur in men, children and the elderly. People with anorexia are often not willing to admit that what happened is a disease. -ue to consume less food than re:uired, generally those suffering from malnutrition characteri;ed by bones and brittle nails, hair loss, dry skin and pale. !n women, anorexia can cause amenorrhea for at least three consecutive months. Another sign is a low body temperature, low blood pressure, and heart rates are low can continue to be heart rhythm disturbances and heart failure.
2.2
Buliia Nervosa
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2ulimia nervosa (2) is described by recurrent episodes overeat (binge eating) and then with the compensatory treatment (vomiting, fasting, recreation, or a combination thereof). /vereating is accompanied by sub%ective feelings of loss escort when eating. 3omiting intentional or excessive recreation, as well as misuse of laxatives, diuretics, amphetamines and thyroxin may also occur (=have; and !nsel, **>). -01!3 2 distributed to the two forms of purging and nonpurging. /n the type of purging, the people brings back food intentionally or abusing laxatives, diuretics or enemas. !n type no purging, the individual is using other means other than the methods used in the purging type, such as fasting or excessive recreation. People with bulimia eat to excess and then compensate by purging by forcing oneself to vomit or bowel movement, taking laxatives, excessive exercise, or fasting. "he difference overeating on bulimia and overeating in general is on bulimia accompanied by a sense of guilt. 2ulimia is also more common in women and usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood. &alf of the women who develop anorexia also suffer from bulimia. 2ulimia can cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration and heart problems, and even death.
2.!
Binge"eating Disorder
According to -01!3 criteria for bingeeating disorder (2#-) re:uires episode of overeating, as 2, but what distinguishes 2#- with 2 is 2#- does not involve any action against the behavior of overeating, such as regurgitating food, the use of laxatives and recreation exaggerated (
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!.0
#yptos
"hese symptoms vary depending on the type of disorder is experienced, including@ Buliia nervosa . When suffering from bulimia disorder, a person experiences a loss of
control when eating so repeatedly eating foods in large :uantities and then took it back (eating and purging ). "his is done to reduce the excess calories of guilt, shame and fear of excessive weight gain. &ow that is done usually by forcing herself to vomit and exercising too hard. 0ymptoms of bulimia are the use of weight loss supplements to extremes, use of laxatives, diuretics or enemas taking the drug regularly. People with bulimia tend to assess deficiencies in herself too hard, even though normal weight or slightly in excess. 1any people with bulimia also restrict eating in the daytime thereby increasing the amount of food in the evening, then vomited back.
Binge eating disorder. When suffering from this disorder, a person is usually eaten in
large :uantities and feeling out of control with her diet. "he patients eat faster and more when youre not hungry and continue despite already full. As only the bulimia, the sufferer will feel disgusted with himself and shame for his behavior, but the patient does not attempt to exercise excessively or regurgitate food. Patients usually tend to eat alone so that the disorder is not known by others.
Anorexia nervosa . "his disorder is indicated by low weight is not normal, felt very
afraid if you gain weight and have the wrong perception about weight or body shape itself. Anorexics strive to maintain food intake to maintain weight and body shape which sometimes can die of starvation. /ther symptoms of anorexia may include@ a thin body, insomnia, excessive fatigue, di;;iness, blue nails, brittle nails and hair, constipation, dry skin, and irregular heartbeat.
$t%er eating disorders
#ating everything (pica) is the habit of eating nonfood materials, such as soap, cloth, talcum powder, or soil. "he eating habits of all of this can lead to medical complications, such as poisoning, problems in the intestine or infection. #ating these materials are not good for 4
the level of development and are not part of particular culture or practice of life in society. "hese disorders often appear together with other disorders, such as autism spectrum or mental retardation. Rumination disorder . "he symptoms are spit it back new food repeatedly
swallowed. "he food is put back into the mouth without prior nausea or vomiting. 1oreover, this disorder can make someone malnutrition and common for small children and people with mental retardation.
Restrictive food intake disorder . 0ymptoms of this disorder are the person does
not want to eat and avoid foods with certain characteristics related to the senses, such as color, texture, smell, or taste. "hese symptoms related to fear choked after eating, not for fear of excess weight.
&.0
'auses
#ating disorders can be due to many things, among others@
(u)lic pressure. "he success and value of a person is often confused with a slim
body. Pressure groups and the views of people in the media can trigger the desire to strive to have a lean body.
0ome people have genes that can trigger the development of eating disorders. 0omeone who has a parent or sibling who suffers from eating disorders tend to be at risk as well.
Eotional and psyc%ological pro)les . People with eating disorders usually have
emotional and psychological issues that trigger they have this condition. Patients may have low selfesteem, perfectionism, impulsivity, or disturbed relationships with family members or friends. !n addition, eating disorders can also be triggered by circumstances that are full of pressure and bad experiences (such as sexual harassment, intimidation, or the loss of a close). 2esides the things above, there are a number of factors that may increase the risk of someone having an eating disorder, including@
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Age. "eenage girls or young women ranging in age from the *s were more likely to
suffer from this disorder than men. (rofession . Athletes, actors, models are also at high risk of eating disorders due to lose
weight demanded by the %ob. (syc%ological disorders. A person with psychological disorders, such as depression,
stress, anxiety or obsessivecompulsive attitude tended to suffer from eating disorders. Diet unnatural. 0omeone who diet excessively tends to experience an eating disorder.
*.0
'onse+uences
#ating disorders can cause a variety of complications. "he more severe and longer eating disorder is experienced, the more serious complication that can be experienced, including@
!nhibition of the growth of the body.
Psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety, or even the intention to commit suicide.
0erious health problems.
"he decline in school performance or a decrease in the :uality of work.
"he destruction of social relationships.
-ead.
!f patients experience any of the symptoms of suspected complications from an eating disorder, you should see a physician or psychologist 8 psychiatrist to get treatment.
,.0
Treatent
"reatment of eating disorders is usually carried out by a team that includes doctors, psychologists or psychiatrists, nutritionists, and all are experienced in eating disorders. "he treatment is carried out based on the types of interference experienced but if the disruption had lifethreatening condition, it re:uires hospitali;ation. "reatment for this disorder is primary is also called psychotherapy or talk therapy to replace unhealthy habits become healthier. /ne is cognitive behavioral therapy (cognitive behavioral therapy). "his therapy mainly, done for patients with bulimia and binge eating disorder. =ognitive behavioral therapy would change a persons view 6
when faced with a situation, including the search for problem solving and healthy way to cope with the pressure which in turn can change a persons attitude for the better.
Another type of talk therapy that can be done is interpersonal therapy, which focuses on issues related to relationships with other people, family therapy that involves the entire family to discuss the disruption experienced by patients, the relationship between them and the effects of these disorders on the family. !n addition both therapies, also conducted diet therapy to help a person regain and maintain a healthy diet. "his therapy is done by dietitians and physicians, especially for patients with less weight due to eating disorders. Providing drugs may be considered. Although drugs can not cure an eating disorder, but it can help to control the desire to eat a lot, vomiting, or excessive anxiety concerning diet and food. -rugs given generally are antidepressants and antianxiety. 0upport of family and friends are very important to the success of treatment in patients with eating disorders.
-.0
(revention #trategies
Although it is very difficult to prevent all cases of anorexia but early treatment once symptoms appear is to help people fall into more severe conditions. #arly education about healthy habits and a positive outlook on the food and also helps prevent the appearance of a more severe state of an eating disorder. i.
Avoid situations that can be stressful. !f stress appears, we shall be able to overcome the stress experienced in ways that positive discussions with friends, exercising, and so on. -o not let the stress of protracted and overcome the negative ways such as eating too
ii.
much, especially if accidentally brings back food that has been eaten. Allowing youself to eat on time and regularly. #ating regularly will not make fat, in fact people are overweight because restrain the appetite so that eating it will overeat, eat
iii.
regularly can prevent this. Accept your body and what we are and be yourself. -o not compare ourselves with the body and others. Additionally, hang out with people who can accept us as it is. Positive
iv.
environment can make us positive, and vice versa. -o not trust and promote the 4ad7 false that thin and weight loss is good, while body fat and weight is bad. 7
v.
Plenty of exercise. As the saying goes 4in a healthy body there is a strong soul7, in
vi.
addition to nourish the body exercise can also eliminate stress. Bamily therapy can also be given to patients who have severe. "herapy is done so that the patient feels himself worthy and accepted by the family and society without having to
vii.
lose weight. !f you have a family member or friend with low confidence, a severe diet or not satisfied with the appearance, consider speaking to him about this. #ven if you do not have the ability to prevent eating disorders occur, you can talk about a healthier lifestyle.
.0
'onclusion
An eating disorder is a different attitude towards foods that cause a person to change behavior and eating habits. "his can be a serious condition that negatively impacts on health, emotions and ones ability in various areas of life that are important. A person with an eating disorder are too focused on body weight and body shape, so make the unhealthy choice in terms of food and in turn potentially affect the bodys ability to obtain ade:uate nutrition. An eating disorder can also interfere with the functioning of the heart, digestive system, bones, teeth, and mouth. 1oreover, this condition can lead to serious lifethreatening complications. Patients are usually able to return to more healthy eating habits after a proper diagnosis from a doctor. 0ome people sometimes deny having this problem, but there are a few symptoms that can be a sign that someone is suffering from an eating disorder. People with eating disorders will generally use food and diet as a way to overcome the problems in their lives. 1any of them think that the food is a source of comfort or stress reliever while weight loss is considered as a way to be accepted by friends and family. "herefore, people should also participate in the lives of teenagers who were growing up. -o not give a bad impression to them, be careful in speaking when talking to them, and give a little praise to boost their confidence.
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/eferences
American Psychiatric Association (APA), **+. CetDs "alk Bacts About #ating -isorders. Available from@ [email protected] 2uhrich ., 9E59. Bre:uency of presentation of anorexia nervosa in 1alaysia. Australian and ew Fealand Gournal of Psychiatry 9+@ 9+H9++. -avidson, I.=.,eale, G.1., (?)@ MEE+*H. !slam and #ating -isorders in the 1uslim Word [email protected] 1akino, 1., "suboi, <., -ennerstein, C., **M. Prevalence of #ating -isorder @ A =omparison of Western and onWestern =ountries. 1edscape Ieneral 1edicine ? (H)@ ME
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