CAE PRACTICE Part 1: Multiple Choice Cloze 1) Collocations 1 Complete each of the following sentences on the left with one of the words on the right.
1 I'm glad to see that you've recovered from your ...... .
condition
2 My uncle suffers from heart ...... .
disease
3 he pic!ed up a rather nasty stomach ...... .
"ug
# he has to ta!e drugs every day for her heart .......
illness
$ %nfor nforttunat unatel ely y the the compa ompany ny &ill &ill have have to find find a &ay &ay to cut .... ...... .
char charge ge
(hey sold their house for a fair ..... .
costs
) *or some museums and galleries there is an admission ..... .
rate
+ (o hire a car on holiday you &ill pay a daily ..... .
price
, I've only met her once "ut she seems a really nice ...... .
human
1- he he "rin "rings gs the the .... ...... .... touc touch h to a very very imp impers ersona onal "us "usine iness.. ss.... ....
indi indivi vidu dua al
11 It's a difficult decision and it should "e left up to the ....... concerned.
person
12 (he main ....... in the story is a leading politician.
character
Part 1: Multiple Choice Cloze 2) Collocations 2 Complete each of the following sentences by choosing either A ! C or ".
1 uring the discussion the spea!er sho&ed an e/cellent .......... of all the issues. 0 !no&ledge grasp C comprehension s!ill 2 It is &idely .......... that computers can ma!e our lives easier. 0 accepted agreed C allo&ed affirmed 3 (hose cup"oards are loo!ing a "it scruffy. (hey could do &ith a fresh .......... of paint. 0 layer cover C coat film # e may not loo! suspect to you "ut he is in fact a .......... dangerous criminal. 0 totally
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highly C strongly largely $ My teacher's great. I have a very high ......... of him. 0 opinion regard C thought respect he's a gifted linguist and is a"le to .......... easily from nglish to *rench. 0 convert revert C move s&itch ) efore &e ma!e our decision &e need to get some .......... advice. 0 s!ilful "rilliant C e/pert great + 4ou paid 3- euros for that 5ac!et6 (hat &as a real ......... . 0 deal "argain C value "uy #) Phrasal $erbs Complete each of the following sentences by choosing either A ! or C.
1 0lthough he held some strong opinions he eventually had to .......... do&n and admit he &as &rong. 0 move &ear C "ac! 2 0fter our lunch &e .......... up &ith the rest of the people on our trip. 0 5oined gathered C mi/ed 3 4ou need to .......... in at the hotel reception "efore "eing given your !ey. 0 get sho& C "oo! # 0fter a long investigation the police &ere a"le to .......... together the truth a"out &hat had happened on the day of the murder. 0 piece scrape C get $ I &as near 7ac!ie's house this morning so I dropped .......... for a chat. 0 over in C on I had a huge argument &ith my "est friend yesterday "ut I'm hoping it &ill "lo& .......... in a couple of days. 0 up over C a&ay ) I should "e a"le to fi/ your computer "ut I need some time to loo! .......... the cause of the
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pro"lem. 0 into for C round + (he caller &aited impatiently &hile the receptionist tried to put her .......... to the office. 0 over through C out %) &in'ing (ords Complete each of the following sentences by choosing either A ! C or ".
1 ome types of illness can "e cured "y drugs .......... others can "e treated "y alternative medicine. 0 &here &hereas C &hen as 2 4ou can post that letter for me .......... you're going past the post office. 0 since yet C &hereas though 3 4ou can have an appointment &ith the manager .......... she is 8uite "usy this afternoon. 0 even yet C &hile although # ven .......... they played "adly they still &on 8uite easily. 0 though so C as if $ e &as delighted &hen his daughter got married. .......... the same time9 he couldn't help "ut feel a little "it sad to "e losing her. 0 n 0t C In *or (he applicant loo!s suita"ly 8ualified for the 5o". ;hat's .......... he's fluent in t&o foreign languages. 0 additional greater C e/tra more ) he's decided not to &or! overseas after all. In any ..........9 she doesn't li!e cold &eather. 0 case situation C matter condition + (he doctor made a mista!e &ith the medicine she prescri"ed. ..........9 she &as never 8uestioned a"out this error. 0 ince espite C
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Part 2: pen Cloze 1) Pronons *ill in the gap in each sentence with one pronon.
1 I've promised .......... a holiday this year. I've "een &or!ing too hard lately
2 I don't thin! .......... is a good idea to rush into ma!ing a decision &ithout thin!ing of the conse8uences. 3 (he t&o t&ins are identical. It's impossi"le to tell .......... from the other.
# (he employment situation here is much &orse than .......... &hich e/ists a"road.
$ ave you "een here "efore6
(here's .......... on the phone &ho &ants to spea! to you.
) If .......... has finished &e can go onto the ne/t e/ercise.
+ 4ou can please .......... &hether you come to the party or not. I don't care. 2) Relati+e Pronons The following sentences contain a missing relati+e pronon. (rite the missing word in the space pro+ided.
1. (he student common room is the only place .......... you can smo!e.
2. (he company are to introduce a policy .......... parents can "ring their children in on pen ays. 3. r 0dams9 .......... research paper has recently "een pu"lished9 &ill "e visiting the la"oratory ne/t month. #. I'm afraid there is nothing .......... I can do to help. $.
. ;ill .......... missed (hursday's lesson see me this afternoon.
). ;e sa& t&o films last &ee!9 neither of .......... &ere very interesting.
+. (he seven defendants9 t&o of .......... &ere a"sent from the court9 are charged &ith "urglary. #) Articles and "eterminers Choose the answer A ! or C that completes each sentence.
1 ;e li!e to go "ac! to >reece on holiday .......... no& and then. 0 every
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each C all 2 f course you can come? (he .......... the merrier as far as I'm concerned. 0 most many C more 3 I had .......... idea of &hat he &as tal!ing a"out. 0 little less C fe& # I'm afraid that's .......... here nor there. eing out late is no reason for not doing your home&or!. 0 either not C neither $ uring the "om"ing campaign the general pu"lic must at .......... times "e on the loo!out for suspicious pac!ages. 0 all every C most 4ou've eaten more than .......... ca!e for one day. ave the rest for tomorro&. 0 most enough C many ) o something? 4ou could at .......... hold the door open for me. 0 most fe&est C least + I don't really !no& &hat to say .......... than try spea!ing to your friend a"out the pro"lem. 0 more other C either %) Con,nctions -atch each of the -II/0 words on the left with the correct word on the right.
1 (he player &as sent off .......... of a nasty tac!le.
scarcely
2 (he government are planning an increase in interest rates .......... to rising house prices.
so
3 ome people say he is lazy. n the .......... 9 I have al&ays found him to "e very hard &or!ing.
# (he food here is great9 &hich is in .......... to the a&ful &eather.
$ .......... &or!ing &ith this e8uipment al&ays &ear protective clothing.
;e had .......... left the house &hen it started to rain.
"ecause
contrast
&hile
contrary
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) he retired from &or! .......... as to follo& her "usiness interests.
+ e got the 5o" .......... "eing late for the intervie&.
despite
o&ing
) PrepositionsPhrasal $erbs Choose the answer A ! C or " that completes each sentence.
1 ave you heard6 am's got engaged .......... usan. 0 &ith to C on C in 2 =et me run .......... a fe& of the "enefits our scheme offers you. 0 round up C over through 3 I thin! that ......... the circumstances it &ould "e a good idea if you stayed at home for a fe& days. 0 under on C at over # (herefore9 .......... accordance &ith our regulations9 you &ill "e issued &ith a formal &ritten &arning. 0 on at C in for $ *ollo&ing the financial scandal he left the 5o" .......... disgrace. 0 in for C on &ith ur teacher is really intolerant .......... anyone &ho has a different point of vie& to her o&n. 0 on at C &ith of ) o .......... &hat grounds are you claiming compensation6 0 at for C on &ith + 4es9 "ut .......... respect9 you did miss the last meeting9 didn't you6 0 for &ith C in to
3) /on$erb Collocations The following sentences contain a missing word that collocates with the words in bold. Type in the missing word.
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1. Can you .......... an eye on my car &hile I go in the shop6 . 2. If &e .......... a mista'e in the e/am can &e cross it out6
3. ;hose turn is it to .......... the hosewor'6
#. I'm going to .......... a chance and as! her if she &ants to go out some&here.
$. I 've tried telling him that I don't &ant to see him again "ut he doesn't seem to "e .......... the message.
. (he mountaineers .......... the smmit on the fourth day of their ascent.
). I don't !no& &hat's &rong &ith me lately. I !eep .......... my temper &ith everyone.
+. 4ou should try to .......... more attention in class.
1) Parts of peech Complete each sentence by spplying the correct form of the word in brac'ets.
1 It is .......... that you &ish to change 5o"s9 "ut the company &ill "e very disappointed to lose you. @%<A(0<B
2 e is a rude man and spea!s .......... to everyone. @P=00<(B
3 My friends all .......... &ith me &hen I lost my hand"ag on the train. @4MP0(4B
# 0pparently a .......... of all marriages in the % end in divorce. @(AB
$ (hat simple mista!e meant she managed to .......... all her good &or!. @B
(here has "een an over&helming response to the t&o 5o" .......... that &ere advertised last &ee!. @D0C0
) he really does play the piano .......... 9 doesn't she6 @0%(4B
+ My grandmother &as one of the .......... people you could ever have met. @I<B 2) /ons $erbs and Ad,ecti+es Complete each sentence by spplying the correct form of the word in brac'ets.
1. @M0AA4B 0fter their divorce she has no& decided to ..........
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2. @CM4B (he .......... &ent on stage and received a rapturous &elcome from the audience.
3. @IM0>I<B =ots of little children go through a phase of having an ........... friend9 "ut they usually gro& out of it.
#. @I<*C( E 2 changesB I'm doing the cleaning today. Can you get me a "ottle of .......... from the supermar!et.
$. @;(B e li!es to .......... his "rea!fast cereal &ith honey instead of sugar.
. @PA*I
). *0= (he manager &as sac!ed after he tried to .......... his accounts.
+. @%PADIB ;hen you start your ne& 5o" you'll "e !ept under close .......... . #) *orming /ons Complete each of the nfinished words with the correct sffi45 6ship 6dom 6hood or 6ism
1 (he film &as praised "y the critics for its real ........ in sho&ing the horrors of &ar.
2 uring his "oy....... he &as a rather naughty child.
3 (he t&o sisters had an argument a"out the o&ner........ of the family home.
# (he teenage son &anted more free ....... than his parents &ere &illing to give.
$ he found that she en5oyed mother ........ more than she had e/pected.
(he t&o friends formed a strong "usiness partner ........ to sell "oo!s.
) (he government said it &as un&illing to give in to the demands of terror ........ .
+ he is a talented singer and actress &ho stands a good chance of gaining star ........ and recognition.
7) *orming Compond (ords 8sing the word in brac'ets complete t he sentence with a compond word. 9o will sometimes need hyphens.
1. @;I>B My aunt is thin!ing of going on a diet "ecause she is a"out seven !ilos .......... @too heavyB.
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2. @M%(B e tried to disguise his voice &hilst tal!ing on the telephone "y putting a hand!erchief across the .......... @the part of the phone that you spea! intoB.
3. @C0IAB (he meeting &ill "e introduced "y the .......... @some"ody &ho runs a meetingB.
#. @P0B If you can catch your train during .......... @&hen it is not so "usyB times9 your tic!et &ill "e much cheaper and the trains less "usy.
$. @<0AA;B he is very .......... @un&illing to accept ne& ideasB &hen it comes to people from different cultures.
. @;AB (he teacher gave us a list of phrasal ver"s to revise for .......... @e/tra &or! that a student doesB tonight "efore our test tomorro&.
). @04B e's "een &atching a lot of .......... @during the morning and afternoonB since he lost his 5o".
+. @<(
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1 4our help has "een.......... . I couldn't have finished my essay &ithout it. 0 valua"le invalua"le
2 4ou'll en5oy reading this "oo!. 0s &ell as "eing informative it's really ..... in places9 too. 0 humorous humourous
3 Many people thin! that capital punishment is completely ...... 0 unaccepta"le unaccepti"le
# I'm getting a "it fedEup &ith your ....... "ehaviour. ;hy don't you try "ehaving li!e a gro&nE up6 0 childli!e childish
$ More people are turning to organic food these days "ecause they're &orried a"out all the different ........ in processed food. 0 additions additives
(he patient lifted up his ...... hand for the doctor to e/amine. 0 "loody "loodli!e
) It &as a"solutely ........ trying to repair the "ro!en "icycle. 0 useful useless
+ e is an ........ "y "irth although he lived in pain for most of his childhood. 0 nglish nglishman
1) /ons *or :estions 16; thin' of one word which can be sed appropriately in both sentences. There are EI0
Molly's parents aren't too happy a"out the ................ she !eeps9 especially as some of her friends have "een in trou"le &ith the police. 2. ;e're thin!ing of having that &all !noc!ed do&n to create more ................ .
(he t&o sides in the dispute are "oth refusing to compromise and haven't left themselves any ................ for manoeuvre. #. e didn't &ant to leave "efore he had made his ................ on the company and earned everyone's respect.
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(he ................ I received for my latest assignment &as the "est grade this year. 7. (he old man often gets nostalgic &hen he thin!s a"out the good old ................ of his childhood.
(he car had certainly seen "etter ................ and &as very unrelia"le. %. emonstrations are ta!ing place against the proposed ne& private golf ................ to "e "eing "uilt on pu"lic land.
Mary's "eginning to thin! her "log has run its ................ so she &on't "e posting to it any longer. . /perts "elieve the economy is heading for a ................ and people are "eing &arned to prepare for hard times.
e too! a ................ course in *rench "ecause he needed to learn it 8uic!ly for his ne& 5o". 3. 0fter the hard"ac! "oo! &as pu"lished the second ................ came out in paper"ac!.
id you see yesterday's ................ of the (imes ne&spaper6 ;. It &asn't until the servers crashed that Paul "ecame a&are of the full ................ of the I( pro"lem.
0ny "enefit payments &ill "e made on a sliding ................ according to ho& much you earn. $erbs and Phrasal $erbs Thin' of one word which can be sed appropriately in both sentences. There are EI0
(hat sort of "ehaviour is only to "e ................ from such a disruptive class.
2. (he stolen car &as found ................ in a field "y a passerE"y.
e ................ his career in la& to go into teaching.
#. (he competition rules stated that the 5udges did not ................ responsi"ility for lost entries.
I'd "e delighted to ................ your invitation to the party.
7. 0s far as the clu" is concerned you ................ the rules and &e have no alternative "ut to as! you to leave.
;hen the girl's mother as!ed her &hat &as trou"ling her she ................ do&n in tears and couldn't spea!.
%. It's freezing outside so don't forget to ................ up &arm.
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=et's ................ up arah's presents no& &hile she's out.
. (he Prime Minister yesterday ................ dou"ts on the li!elihood of ta/ cuts this year.
(he clouds ................ a shado& over the distant hills. 3. (he child's face ................ up &ith pleasure &hen she opened his "irthday present.
0fter you've ................ the fuse ma!e sure you stand &ell "ac! from the fire&or!.
;. ;hen ue leaves the company she'll "e sorely ... ............. "y her f riends and colleagues.
(he speeding car ................ the child "y only a fe& centimetres. 2) Ad,ecti+es Thin' of one word which can be sed appropriately in both sentences. There are EI0
(he guide"oo!s are &ritten in simple language in order to "e ................ to the general pu"lic. 2. ur offices are in ................ irmingham so &e're close to all the main transport lin!s.
(he facts &ere of ................ importance in the court case. #. ;e didn't &ant to leave the house ................ &hen &e &ent a&ay so &e as!ed a friend to houseEsit for us.
I really &ouldn't rely on him as he's al&ays ma!ing ................ promises. 7. (hey're predicting ................ rain and strong &inds later today.
orry I'm late E I got caught up in ................ traffic. %. (he vaccination is effective "ut it can't guarantee that you'll "e completely ................ to the disease.
e's ................ to any criticism of his driving techni8ue. . 4ou must "e ................ if you thin! you can pass your e/ams &ithout putting in any &or!.
My dad's ................ &ith me for "orro&ing his car &ithout as!ing. 3. =et the other car go first along this ................ stretch of road.
he's very ................Eminded and doesn't li!e to mi/ &ith people &ho have different vie&s to her o&n. ;. e &ants to "ecome a ................ photographer no& he's "een ta!ing snaps for a &hile.
*ran! reassured the "oss that her relationship &ith (om &as strictly .................
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1) Comparati+e strctresad+erbs Changes from acti+e to passi+e or passi+e to acti+e are often re:ired. *or =estions 16 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence sing the word gi+en. "o not change the word gi+en. 9o mst se between three and si4 words inclding the words gi+en.
1. (he rate of unemployment hasnFt increased 8uite as much this year compared to previous years. &I0
/I"ERA!&9 ver the last 1- years9 the rainfall in =ondon has .......... in previous decades. 3. (he comedian &as less funny than the audience e/pected. /EAR&9 (he comedian .......... the audience e/pected. #. very time he tal!s a"out going on holiday I get really e/cited. T
1. oes he ever give you the impression that he &ould rather "e tal!ing to someone else6 *EE&I/0 o you ever GGGGG&ould rather "e tal!ing to someone else6 2. 7ennyFs generosity means that people e/ploit her good nature. A"$A/TA0E 7ennyFs so GGGGGGGGof her good nature. 3. he needs to consider the amount the holiday is going to cost. ACC>8/T he needs GGGGGG.much the holiday is going to cost. #. (he spea!er ram"led on for ages "efore stating &hat the lecture &as a"out. P>I/T It too! ages for the spea!er to GGGGG.&hat the lecture &as a"out. $. ;eFd li!e to implement the idea immediately "ut &e should &ait a &hile. PRACTICE ;eFd li!e to GGGGGGimmediately "ut &e should &ait a &hile. . heFs reno&ned for her e/pertise in human psychology. *IE&" heFs a reno&ned GGGGG.human psychology.
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#) Phrasal +erbs *or =estions 16 complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence sing the word gi+en. "o not change the word gi+en. 9o mst se between three and si4 words inclding the words gi+en.
1. 0ngela &as full of anticipation a"out the party ne/t &ee!. *>R(AR" 0ngela GGGGGG.the party ne/t &ee!. 2. eFd "een struggling to thin! of a really original "irthday present. C>-E
1. andra &ould only go to the supermar!et on a aturday. >/ andra .......... to the supermar!et on a aturday.. 2. (he contract said that &e didnFt have to accept immediately. >!&I0ATI>/ (he contract said that &e &ere .......... accept immediately. 3. e &ouldnFt have "een intervie&ed "y the police if he hadnFt seen the ro""ery. (IT/E (he police &ouldnFt have intervie&ed him had .......... the ro""ery. #.(he paramedics &ere told that they should never place a human life at ris! trying to rescue an animal. CIRC8-TA/CE (he paramedics &ere &arned that .......... place a human life at ris! trying to rescue an animal. $. If you need any help please donFt hesitate to as!. AITA/CE If I can .......... please donFt hesitate to as!.
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6. If it has to be cancelled the show will place at a later date. EVENT In .......... cancelled the show will take place at a later date.
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PART 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Gender bias and poverty
1) __________ between men and women results in poorer health for children and greater 2) __________ for the family, 3) __________ to a new study. The UN agency Unicef found that in places where women are ) __________ from family decisions, children are more li!ely to suffer from ") __________. There would be 13 million #) __________ malnourished children in $outh %sia if women had an e&ual say in the family, Unicef said. Unicef ') __________ family decision( ma!ing in 3 countries *) __________ the world. Their chief finding is that e&uality between men and women is +ital to ) __________ po+erty and impro+ing health, especially that of children, in de+eloping countries. The conclusions are contained in the agency-s latest report. This report 1) __________ to a greater 11) __________ of opportunities for girls and women in education and wor! which contributes to disempowerment and po+erty. here men control the household, less money is spent on health care and food for the family, which 12) __________ in poorer health for the children.%n increase in 13) __________ and income(earning opportunities for women would increase their 1) __________ power, the report said. /or e0ample, the agency found that 1") __________ has the greater share of household income and assets decides whether those resources will be used for family needs. 1
Une&ual ne&ual Une&uality ne&uality 2
poor poorness po+erty impo+erished 3
resulting according regarding with regard 4
e0cluded 16
e0clude e0clusion e0cludes
ill(nourished malnourish malnutrition ill(nutrition !
more few fewer least "
sur+ey sur+eying sur+eys sur+eyed #
in around o+er among $
increase reduce increasing reducing 1%
points indicates shows suggests 11
lac! lac!ing lac!s 17
lac!y 12
leads result lead results 13
employ employment employee employed 14
house householder household home 1
whate+er whoe+er whiche+er howe+er HI& 'rea(t)ro*+)
$cientists belie+e that they ha+e made a 1) __________ brea!through in fighting ( they ha+e shown what happens when an infection(fighting antibody attac!s a 2) __________ in -s 3) __________ defences. /inding a +accine against has been +ery difficult because the proteins on the surface of the +irus are continually mutating, but they ha+e shown an antibody, called b12, attac!ing a wea! spot of the +irus where the protein is ) __________. The +irus is able to ") __________ rapidly to a+oid #) __________ by the immune system, and is also co+ered in sugary molecules which bloc! access by antibodies. ') __________, certain parts of the +irus must remain *) __________ unchanged so that it can catch hold of and enter human cells. 4ne protein that stic!s out from the surface of the +irus and binds to receptors on host cells is one such region, which ma!es it a target for +accine de+elopment.5re+ious analyses of the ) __________ of people that ha+e been able to !eep from de+eloping into %6$ for long periods of time 1) __________ re+ealed a 11) __________ group of antibodies ( including b12 ( that seem to fight with some degree of 12) __________. The latest study showed how the antibody and 13) __________ protein interact. $cientists hope that re+ealing the 1) __________ of this bond in such 1") __________ detail will pro+ide clues about how best to attac! . 1 18
ma7ority ma7or solution final 2
gap space line shape 3
consider considerate considerably considerable 4
stable instability unstable stability
mutation mutant mutate mutating !
detecti+e detect detecting detection "
Though owe+er %lso 8+en though #
relati+ely relati+e 19
relati+es relation $
bleed bleeding blood bloody 1%
was has ha+e were 11
seldom rare rarely occasional 12
succeed successful successfully success 13
a the these (((( 14
stricture structure blueprint plan 1
precise precision e0acting &uite 20
Pit,airn Is-and
The 5itcairn slands are halfway
in the $outh 5acific 4cean, about 5eru and New 9ealand. The larger island of 5itcairn
was in 1'#' by the :ritish and settled in 1' by the mutineers from the 8nglish ship -:ounty- and their Tahitian companions. 5itcairn was the
5acific island to become a :ritish colony ;in 1*3*)
and today
the last +estige of the :ritish empire in the $outh
5acific. The population of about " are the of the :ounty mutineers and their Tahitian wi+es. 8nglish is the official language, but many islanders communicate in 5itcairnese ;a pidgin language comprising of elements of 1*th century 8nglish and a Tahitian dialect). The of this tiny island e0ist on fishing, subsistence farming, handicrafts, and postage stamps. The fertile soil of the +alleys produces a wide of fruits and +egetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. :artering is an part of the economy. The ma7or sources of re+enue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing no port or
. t has
harbour< and supplies must be transported by
rowed longboat from larger ships stationed 1
a. -o,ated
2 3
a. /idd-e
a. *n,overed 4
" #
1%
b. pre/iere
,. be+innin+
b. re/nant
b. tenants
11 12
a. ,r*,iaa. ,ars
d. ,-ose
,. ,reated
a. dierent $
,. ,entre
,. spare
b. des,endants
a. d0e--ers
d. sett-ed
b. dis,overed
a. re/ains
a. an,estors
,. stationed
b. bet0een
a. openin+
!
b. sited
.
b. i/portant
b. p-anes
a. nat*raa. os)ore
b. p*re
,. )eir
,. types
d. s*,,essor
,. /otorboats
b. ins)ore
d. p*b-i,
d. diversity
,. /aor
,. native
d. irst
d. resid*e
,. in)abitants
b. variety
d. invented
d. vitad. s)ips
d. ,reation
,. s)ore
d. ,oast
21
TRIIT5 COLLEGE
Trinity =ollege was 1) ___________ by $ir Thomas 5ope in 1""". % de+out catholic with no sur+i+ing children, Thomas 5ope saw the /oundation of an 40ford college as a means of 2) ___________that he and his family would always be remembered in the prayers and masses of its members. e came from a family of small 3) _____________ in 40fordshire, trained as a lawyer, and rose rapidly to prominence ) ____________ enry . %s Treasurer of the =ourt of %ugmentations he handled the estates of the monasteries ") _______________ at the >eformation, and amassed a considerable personal #) _____________. 5ope was a discreet and trusted pri+y counsellor of ?ary Tudor, and it was from ?ary and 5hilip that he ') ______ @etters 5atent and royal appro+al for his new foundation. 5ope died in 1"". %lthough his religious *) ______ were ne+er fully realised ( 8liAabeth had succeeded her sister and 8ngland ) __________ to the 5rotestant faith ( nonetheless the memory of his name, li!e his college, has endured the fluctuating fortunes of o+er years. is wife, @ady 8liAabeth 5ope, was a particularly influential 1) ___________ in Trinity-s early years. 5ope-s foundation was for a 5resident, twel+e /ellows and twel+e scholars, all supported by the income from his 11) ______________ endowment of lands, and for up to twenty undergraduates. The /ellows, all men, were re&uired to ta!e oly 4rders and remain unmarried. The =ollege $tatutes set out rules for a simple monastic life of religious obser+ance and study. The Barden was an informal gro+e of trees, mainly elms, amongst which the members of the =ollege could 12) ______________ and meditate. 1 2 3
a) founded
a) securing
a) owners
"
'
a) with
c) clinching
c) under
b) disintegrated
a) fortune
b) wealth
b) repeated
a) generous
b) generosity
12
b) wal!
a) prowl
d) withered
d) money
c) belief
c) returned
b) symbol
d) mistresses
c) crumbled
b) recei+ed
b) e0amples
a) outline
d) +erifying
d) because
b) rich
b) conferred
a) ideals
d)starting
c) freeholders
b) on
a) re7oined 1
11
b) ensuring
a) inherited *
c) begin
b) landowners
a) dissol+ed #
b) set
c) shape c) bounty
c) promenade
d) e0cepted d) +alue d) reinstated d) figure d) teeming d) yomp
M*--i+ata0ny 6o*p 22
This is a recipe that would ha+e been 1) ___________ to all :ritons li+ing and wor!ing in the mperial >a7. ndeed the 2) ___________ of ndian coo!s, :ritish tastes and e0otic foods ha+e made a lasting 3) ________ on :ritish cuisine right down to the present day. New, strange and e0citing ingredients would be used to ) ___________ and recreate familiar, edible and nutritious meals befitting the ") __________ class that they had become. @ac! of refrigeration, a hot and humid climate and unfamiliar coo!ing facilities would all #) _____ to ma!e coo!ing an e+en more ') ___________ prospect than it already would ha+e been. owe+er, the results of these intrepid culinary e0plorers could often be an interesting *) ___________ of 8ast meets est. Two and half pints of stoc! ' oA coconut cream, cut into chun!s 1 heaped teaspoon each ground cumin and coriander 1 teaspoon chilli powder ;flat or heaped) 1 small tin tomato puree Flavouring Ingredients
1(2 onions, chopped and fried in butter until brown 2 tablespoons chutney 7uice a few cardamom seeds, lightly crushed salt and freshly ground pepper $immer all the basic soup ingredients ) __________ for 1" minutes, then add all of any of the fla+ouring ingredients to ma!e the soup e0actly as you li!e it. 1) _______________ hot with bread. 1
a) familiar
2 3
b) recogniAed
a) merger
b) unite
a) impression
" #
c) combination
b) perception
a) attempt
a) general
c) renowned
b) try
b) widespread
a) colluded
b) accessory
c) ruling
d) dominate
c) conspire
b) mysterious
*
b) combine
c) addition
b) cooperation
b) unison
a) together 1
a) ser+e
b) gi+e
d) opinion
d) trial
' a) e0hausted a) add
d) coalition
c) +erdict
c) see!
c) enigmatic
c) accept
d) noted
d) plan d) difficult
d) mi0 d) concurrent
d) spoon
En+-is) in E*rope
8nglish has without a 1) ______________ become the second language of 8urope and the world. 8uropean countries which ha+e most 2) ______________ assimilated 8nglish into daily life are 8ngland-s neighbours in Northern 8uropeC 23
reland, the Netherlands, $weden, Norway, and the 3)____________ of $candana+ia. The situation is so ) ______________ that any +isitor to the Netherlands will soon be ") ______ of the pressure of 8nglish on daily lifeC tele+ision, radio and print #) __________ it into e+ery home and the schoolyard ') _____________ of children< ad+ertisers use it to *) __________ up their message, 7ournalists ta!e refuge in it when their home(bred s!ills ) ___________ them. ncreasingly one hears the 1) ______________ that 6utch will gi+e way to 8nglish as the national tongue within two or three generations ... 1 2
a) &uestion
a) successfully 3
"
'
b) additional
a) plain
a) ignorant #
*
1
b) aware
c) successful c) remaining
c) blatant
b) bring
c) shift
b) energy
a) succeed
a) feeling
b) posture
d) e0tra
d) ac&uainted d) haul
c) consultation
c) enthusiasm
b) fall
d) lucrati+e
d) mar!ed
c) obli+ious
b) head(to(head
a) life
b) open
a) guide
a) con+ersation
c) problem d) thought
b) +ictorious
a) rest
b) doubt
c) fail
d) dialogue
d) pep
d) fiAAle
c) 7udgement
d) +iew
From the words listed below, choose the ones which best fit the space .
4@D?5= $=%N6%@ $candal has haunted the 4lympic Bames in modern times. %t the +ery first Bames, an 8nglishman called /lac! ;1)............................ off bris!ly in front of the ;2)............................ in the marathon. e was ;3)............................ by his butler on a bicycle.. hen they neared %thens, he ;)............................ the butler bac! to ;")............................ who was behind him. The butler went bac! about a mile but found nobody. e rode bac! to /lac! and said, EThere-s nobody. Dou can win this thing on your head.E Then soon after, ;#)............................ ran one Bree!, then another, and another, and another. They were full of running. 5erhaps /lac! too! a long ;')............................ roundF %t the ne0t ?arathon, in 1, in 5aris, the winner was a /renchman who wor!ed as a ba!er-s roundsman. t was ;*)............................ suspected that he was able to ta!e numerous short ;)............................ because of his e0perience deli+ering bread in the area. /our years later, the Bames were held in $t @ouis, in the U$%. This ;1)............................ suspicions were pro+ed, and the scandal great. The %merican runner who finished first in the marathon was disco+ered to ha+e accepted a ;11)............................ from a car. e was dis&ualified. 24
t is not so much the scandals and disputes of recent years that ha+e ;12)............................ the Bames. t is their sheer ;13)............................ , their e0cessi+e cost, their indulgence of national pride. 4ne +ery sensible suggestion is that future Bames should be restricted to indi+idual ;1)............................ in which one person clearly wins. %ll team games would go, and no one would feel any loss at the disappearance of 4lympic soccer, a pale ;1")............................ of the more professional game. 1. paced made ambled set 2. group participants crowd field 3. ser+ed ser+iced accompanied allied . sent fetched brought re&uested ". +iew scan loo! see #. up round by to '. path road way distance *. hea+ily seriously strongly greatly . ways cuts routes sets 1. time occasion e+ent meeting 11. lift help ride push 12. threatened attac!ed discouraged loomed o+er 13. grossness enormity obesity largesse 1. happenings e+ents circumstances fields 1". wea!ness shadow image effigy
N66U%@ />8864? The death of /red ill was recorded by a ;1)........................... article in the Times newspaper. /red was ' years old and died in prison. e was in prison for the 32nd time. hyF. ;2)........................... for any great crime, but for a reason you may find difficult to understand. Dou see, /red was a motorcyclist who ;3)........................... to wear a crash helmet. e belie+ed that he was a safer motorcyclist ;)........................... a crash helmet. ?ore importantly, he belie+ed that, right or wrong, the decision to wear a crash helmet was his to ;")........................... . t was not for the $tate to tell him ;#)........................... to do. $o /red went out on his old motorbi!e with no helmet, o+er and o+er again. 25
The police ;')........................... him. They ;*)........................... a blind eye when they could. :ut often they had no choice. %nd in the court they had no choice ;)........................... to send him to prison because he refused to pay the fines. They usually ;1)........................... him 3 days. :ut the last time, they ga+e the old man two months. $ome way through the sentence, /red suffered a heart attac! and died. as he heroicF f he was, he was a most unli!ely hero. :ut perhaps we do need someone to ;11)........................... out for the little liberties, the sort of ;12)........................... which the greater boring mass of Epublic opinionE considers too silly, too undignified, not worth ;13)........................... about. The sort of thing there are no +otes in for ;1)............................ /red ill stood for an indi+idual freedom, which is a freedom to do things that the ;1")........................... generally considers to be silly, harmful, immoral or unnecessary. 1. main editorial front leading 2. Ne+er Neither None Not 3. re7ected refused differed disagreed . less without minus e0cept ". do settle ta!e decide #. what how so that '. recognised !new ac&uainted sympathised *. made turned closed had . and other option but 1. held did imprisoned ga+e 11. loo! see be ma!e 12. thing e+ent ob7ect something 13. concerning bothering feeling suffering 1. someone none any anyone 1". public people other commons B446 ?%NN8>$ %N6 :%6 ;1)............................. 8nglish people will forget to say EThan! youE after ;2)............................. , and E5leaseE after acceptance. t is always ENo, than! youE and EDes, pleaseE. f you phone an office, and ;3)............................. to spea! to ?r $mith, his secretary will say, E4h, -m ;)........................... sorry. e-s out.E t seems to be her fault. $he seems to ;")............................. it personally. Typical of 8nglish good manners is the typical fictional murderer. The typical %merican murderer is a !iller, a gangster, or a drug(addict. e is the complete 26
outsider, fighting against the ;#)............................. of the rest of society. The typical 8nglish murderer is completely ;')............................. . e will be a little, ;*)............................. man. %s far as his wor! is concerned, he is ;)............................. to be a habitual criminal. e is more li!ely to belong to the professional classes, perhaps a dentist or a solicitor. e will be completely respectable, and li+e in the prim and ;1)............................. suburbs. The chances are that his house will be semi(detached so that his in&uisiti+e neighbours can hear ;11)............................. noises through the wall. e will be a non(drin!er, perhaps teetotal. =onser+ati+e in politics, he will go to a 5rotestant church. The ;12)............................. for murder will be a guilty passion for his secretary or the wife of a colleague. The person he murders will be his wife, %nd the murder will not be done on the ;13)............................. of the moment. t will be planned to the ;1)............................. detail, is moti+e will be that it is better to murder his wife than to ;1")............................. his respectability. 1. @ittle @ess ardly /ew 2. denial re7ection refusal negation 3. see! will desire want . much so a lot highly ". ha+e ta!e hold seiAe #. whole all e+erything mass '. separate apart different odd *. usual ordinary matter(of(fact e+eryday . unli!ely unusually une0pected improbably 1. correct right moral proper 11. suspicious in&uisiti+e interesting arousing 12. why cause effect reason 13. thought will spur dri+e 1. most last end greatest 1". depri+e lose mislay drop T8 ?%>>%B8 =4NT>%=T :ut it isn-t so ;1).................... that marriage is e0pensi+e in terms of money, as that it is e0pensi+e in terms of life ;2).................... , especially when it goes wrong, as it did in the ;3).................... of ?r and ?rs $tar!. ?rs $tar! was gi+en a di+orce because of the unreasonable beha+iour of her husband. e was ;).................... to ha+e ;").................... up a contract which he forced her to sign. 27
;#).................... some points of +iew ( particularly the point of +iew of a husband ( the contract does not seem to be too bad a ;')..................... n it, ?rs $tar! was not allowed to mention the names of her parents or brother in the house. $he could only +isit her parents twice a month, the cost to be ;*).................... from the household budget. $he would ha+e to return to the house in ;).................... of time to prepare ?r $tar!-s e+ening meal. er parents could +isit her once a month while he was out. f he was in, then they would ha+e to meet somewhere else. ?rs $tar! would be allowed G2 a wee! ;1).................... money for her personal use. n the ;11).................... of a death in the family, she would be allowed two days ;12).................... from the house. $he could spend up to fi+e days a year away in the e+ent of family illness. No presents for her parents were to be paid ;13).................... from the house!eeping.?rs $tar! was ;1).................... a di+orce, but ?r $tar! appealed against the decision. t cost him G#, in legal fees, much more than it cost him to get married in the first ;1")..................... E 1. often great much hard 2. now itself then howe+er 3. e+ent instance time case . said considered described enabled ". made written done drawn #. To ith %t /rom '. idea thing number theme *. ta!en met earned lifted . best most plenty hours 1. as for in to 11. cause occasion e+ent happening 12. away holiday lea+e departure 13. out to for with 1. granted awarded let presented 1". time e0ample point place CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 A Great Co/poser
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. 28
?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A down ' up C away 9 o+er
The classical composer 8rnst offsberger, who passed :%. earlier this wee!, truly :1. the world of contemporary classical music and was a great :2. of inspiration to a whole generation of :3. young artists in +arious fields. n many ways his three symphonies completely :4. the achie+ements of all other composers of the late twentieth century and by :. the classical genre with 7aAA, roc! and latterly hip(hop, his wor! at times bore little :!. to what is commonly considered to be a classical sound. :orn in =alifornia 7ust after the $econd orld ar, offsberger had a strict religious :". during which he was taught classical piano by his father. e first found wor! as a;n) :#. 7ournalist, playing and composing music in his free time. 6uring the late si0ties, he wor!ed together in :$. with a number of other amateur musicians before finally :1%. professional with the first public performance of his inspirational Tenor $a0 =oncerto in 1'1. /rom then on, throughout the se+enties and eighties, each new wor! seemed to :11. the limits of the orchestral medium and also helped to bring classical music to a wider audience. hat many people consider offsberger-s defining &uality that !ept his music fresh and original was that he ne+er lost the human :12. which ga+e him the ability to sit down and 7am with musicians and artists from all wal!s of life.
restored
C
reno+ated 9
refurbished
2. A
re+olutionise ' d form '
!ind
C
source
9
outlet
3. A
branching
'
budding
C
blooming
9
bursting
A
o+ercame
'
o+erturned 9
". A
ad7oining
'
o+ershadowe C d attaching C
A
similarity
'
familiarity
identification
'. A
family
'
bac!ground C
resemblanc 9 e childhood 9
*. A
non(contract '
off(the(boo!s C
freelance
odd(7ob
A
collaboration '
combination C
ta!ing
getting
coordinatio 9 n ma!ing 9
1.
.
#.
.
A
1 A .
'
C
C
co(7oining
9
9
o+erwhelme d fusing
upbringing contribution turning
29
11. A 12 A .
o+erpass
'
bypass
C
surpass
9
encompass
touch
'
feeling
C
contact
9
aspect
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 An+ry Tennis P-ayers
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A considerably ' proportionately C relati+ely 9 simply
The game of tennis has until :%. recently always been a well(mannered affair in which e+en when a player was :1. a beating, he or she would ha+e such amaAing :2. of self(restraint that they could not e+en be heard :3. under their breath. t was an unwritten rule that when a tennis player :4. into the limelight of a professional competition, they would from then on :. their composure at all times and would under no circumstances :!. a decision made by the umpire. hile footballers were free to :". their anger on referees, sometimes for the smallest of reasons, it was simply unimaginable that a professional tennis star would e+er :#. up a fuss. This of course has all changed. n the eighties, a succession of tennis stars with :$. names began to challenge the mee! image of professional tennis on a regular :1%. %nd these players were not merely satisfied to :11. a bit of a moan, once in a while, about an umpire-s contro+ersial decision. 4n the contrary, games would fre&uently come to a complete halt for se+eral minutes at a time, while +oices were :12. and colourful, e+en obscene language could be heard going bac! and forth, in the genteel surroundings of a lawn tennis championship.
1. A
getting
'
ta!ing
C
recei+ing 9
undergoing
2. A
stores
'
residues
C
conser+es 9
reser+es
3. A
bumbling '
mumbling C
muttering 9
stuttering
. A
stepped '
wal!ed
C
paced
9
wandered
". A
attain
'
maintain
C
retain
9
contain
#. A
disdain
'
contest
C
refute
9
disagree
'. A
emit
'
shed
C
outpour
9
+ent
*. A
!ic!
'
!noc!
C
ma!e
9
raise
. A
racy
'
catchy
C
showy
9
starry
1. A
basis
'
occurrence C
cloc!wor! 9
inter+al
11. A
ma!e
'
gi+e
ha+e
do
C
9
30
12. A
enlarged '
loudened
C
prolonged 9
raised
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 C)arity ;*ndraisin+
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A society ' sociable C social 9 so(called %
8+ery year in the spring our school has a special :%. e+ent on a /riday e+ening to :1. money for poor people in a :2. part of the world. t all started a few years ago when two teachers, who wanted to ma!e :3. a better place, decided to hold an all(night !arao!e party in aid of the +ictims of the recent Tsunami disaster in $outh(8ast %sia. %lthough there was little time to organise it, they managed to throw the party :4. well enough that a grand total of one thousand pounds was collected, a clear sign that all the hard wor! had :. . %fterwards, e+erybody put the party-s success :!. the enthusiasm of the two organisers, which had soon :". on e+erybody else. There was a priAe for the best singer, so many people happily paid twenty pounds for the chance to sing with all their :#. while other people agreed to :$. the challenge of singing an unfamiliar song for as much as fifty pounds. :ecause that first charity e+ent :1%. so well, it was decided to hold another similar e+ent e+ery year and each subse&uent party pro+ed more successful than its predecessor. The school staff soon realised that an :11. factor in ma!ing something li!e this wor! is how many people are willing to :12. time and effort in the preparation. /ortunately, at our school there is no shortage of such people.
1. A
create
'
raise
C
afford
2. A
po+erty
'
poorly
C
depra+ed 9
depri+ed
3. A
8arth
'
the world C
the planet 9
planet 8arth
. A
on
'
up
about
9
together
". A
paid off
'
made off C
paid up
9
made out
#. A
o+er
'
up for
down to
9
off with
'. A
made up '
rubbed off C
come out 9
ta!en up
*. A
breath
'
strength
C
power
9
might
. A
ta!e
'
carry out C
ma!e
9
accept
1. A
turned out '
came up C
carried off 9
C C
9
learn
went on 31
11. A
imperati+e '
indicating C
essential 9
assumed
12. A
gi+e
ma!e
in+est
dedicate
'
C
9
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 E,oto*ris/
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A out of ' up to C away from 9 bac! to % ?any people nowadays are !een to get :%. it all for a couple of wee!s without putting too much of a :1. on the en+ironment. n terms of maintaining the moral :2. , the benefits of an ecotourism holiday seem o+erwhelming. :ut 7ust how en+ironmentally(friendly can we ma!e :3. up our tansF %nd for those who want to go a;n) :4. further and drastically reduce their en+ironmental impact, how much do we really need to :. itF The answer, it seems, is more complicated
than you might at first thin!. /or those who :!. a bit of lu0ury in a warm climate, there are countless resorts to choose from, aimed s&uarely at :". rich, time poor 8uropeans and North %mericans. >esorts li!e %ustralia-s Turtle :each and ?alaysia-s $u!ai >esort are on :#. with some of the most lu0urious non(eco establishments. :ut they don-t come cheap. % one(wee! :$. holiday for two at one of these places can easily set you bac! two thousand pounds. 5lus there-s the aw!ward fact the you still need to :1%. considerable distances in some gas(guAAling :11. of transport to get there in the first place. $urprisingly, nearer the other end of the scale, a wee! of lu0ury at the UH-s priciest and most polluting resort, Bluttonness in $cotland turns out to be more than :12. for the eco(tourism rainforest options when you factor in the huge carbon footprint that your flight would otherwise create. CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 M*ddin+ie-d Pop ;estiva-
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A herds ' hides C hordes 9 wads
% : % = 6 32
8+ery year :%. of people in their teens and twenties tra+el from :1. the country and descend on the tran&uil +illage of ?uddingfield for a three(day music festi+al, where they :2. away their time listening to their fa+ourite roc! musicians. %ttracted by the spectacular rural :3. and an impressi+e line(up of performing artists, the numbers of pop fans attending has :4. in recent years, lea+ing narrow country lanes :. with traffic and the local police force contending with an e+er( increasing :!. of complaints and disturbances to deal with. Two years ago, howe+er, things finally came to a head. hereas in pre+ious years, there had always been :". space at the festi+al site, in 2# an estimated crowd of ninety thousand were crammed into three fields and there was a;n) :#. lac! of basic facilities such as toilets. /ortunately, it was decided that :$. the scale and e+ident popularity of the festi+al, it could not simply be called off. or!ing together, the local council and the festi+al organisers :1%. up a scheme to mo+e the festi+al to a new location in national par!land on the lower :11. of the Brey ?ountains, a mere stone-s throw away from ?uddingfield illage. n this way, it was e+entually possible to :12. o+ercrowding while maintaining the essential character of the e+ent.
'
2. A
o+er and out draw
C
in and out 9
'
o+er and under pass
C
while
9
up and down dri+e
3. A
siting
'
sighting
C
setting
9
settlement
. A
roc!eted
'
e0ploded
C
bounded
9
outburst
". A
hea+y
'
burdened
C
saturated 9
cho!ed
#. A
litany
'
diary
C
testimony 9
line
'. A
o+erflowing '
ample
C
massi+e
9
significant
*. A
necessary
'
an0ious
C
worried
9
serious
. A
gi+en
'
seeing
C
ta!ing
9
owing
1. A
raised
'
brought
C
drew
9
came
11. A
hills
'
slopes
C
footings
9
legs
alle+iate
'
calm down
C
scale down
9
reno+ate
1.
12.
A
A
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 T)e <5o*t) O Today< Myt)
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A e0pound ' e0pel C dispel 9 dispense % 33
-d li!e to help :%. a popular myth that is constantly being :1. into us by the media and in general, people of a certain age. e are told that people in their teens and twenties ha+e no :2. manners, are constantly using :3. language at inappropriate times and generally display serious :4. problems. n this way, we ha+e been led to belie+e that our society is :. into chaos at an e+er increasing rate and that e+erywhere you go nowadays, you will met with :!. beha+iour that simply didn-t e0ist thirty years ago. %s far as -m concerned, this +iew of the current young generation is :". unfair, not least because of the appalling beha+iour can remember witnessing ;and occasionally participating in) during these so(called golden decades. was ne+er permanently :#. from a school but can clearly remember those who were. can also remember the many occasions when had to stay :$. after school, !ept in :1%. for one of my many misdemeanours.To me, the current younger generation seem no better and no worse than any other. t may simply be that when older people, e0pecting the worst, are apt to gi+e youngsters the cold :11. , it is hardly surprising that they should ta!e offence. n this way a +icious :12. is created, one that can only be bro!en with a lot of good will from both sides.
1. A
beaten
'
banged
C
drummed
9
!noc!ed
2. A
table
'
bedroom
C
general
9
daily
3. A
four(letter
'
dirty
C
rude
9
foul
. A
beha+iour '
beha+iourist C
beha+ioural 9
misbeha+ing
". A
descending '
collapsing
C
decaying
deteriorating
#. A
hooligan
'
loutish
C
disordered 9
chaotic
'. A
strongly
'
badly
C
mista!enly 9
grossly
*. A
e0ploited
'
e0ported
C
e0cluded
9
e0tracted
. A
around
'
bac!
C
beyond
9
behind
1. A
suspension '
detention
C
e0pulsion
9
e0clusion
11. A
finger
'
elbow
C
shoulder
9
face
12. A
circle
'
cycle
C
circuit
9
re+olution
9
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 T)e Credit Cr*n,)
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A lend ' loan C borrow 9 owe
5eople in :ritain ha+e really begun to notice the credit crunch now that it has become much harder to :%. money from ban!s. hether they are :1. rich, or 34
merely struggling to pay off a modest(siAed :2. , e+erybody is going to be effected in one way or another by the :3. downturn and the end of the housing :4. . /or the ne0t year, at least, we will probably ha+e to pay o+er the :. to get credit and more and more people will find themsel+es tempted by two for the :!. offers in supermar!ets. t-s at times li!e these that politicians and the economists who wor! for them start desperately searching for :". that might suggest the first green :#. of reco+ery are appearing. :ut right now, in the first half of 2, nearly e+ery mar!et :$. in the UH economy is reporting lower profits and the housing mar!et is still depressed. t-s a depressing time for house(owners as the :1%. housing mar!et pushes the +alue of their houses lower and lower. %nd there is little chance that falling house prices are going to reach :11. any time soon. This, in turn, means that house( owners will be unable to sell their properties without :12. hea+y losses. :ut one group of people may benefit from the current situation. 5eople who were in the past unable to afford the high cost of buying a house are loo!ing forward to a time when they can finally manage to get a foot on the bottom rung of the housing ladder.
1. A
filthy
'
absolutely C
highly
2. A
home(loan '
mortgage C
outgoing 9
bill
3. A
financial
'
monetary C
economic 9
economical
. A
rise
'
boom
C
tide
9
upswing
". A
price
'
moon
C
odds
9
hill
#. A
single price '
one-s price C
one price 9
price of one
'. A
mar!s
'
e+idences C
signals
9
indicators
*. A
lea+es
'
shoots
C
roots
9
grass
. A
area
'
region
C
section
9
sector
1. A
creeping
'
snail(pace C
sluggish 9
sloth(li!e
11. A
bottom
'
trough
return
reco+ery
12. A
feeling
'
committing C
C
9
9
incurring 9
totally
undergoing
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 T)e Metro e0spaper
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A all along ' around C throughout 9 among % 35
n most large UH city centres, :%. the year, you will find a large proportion of bus and train passengers :1. in a newspaper that a decade earlier did not e0ist. t is not :2. the case to say that the ?etro has been a phenomenal success. ith its :3. , humorous stories and short opinion(free news items, it may not appeal to the traditional broadsheet reader who li!es to put the :4. on, put their :. up and spend an afternoon poring o+er editorials and obituaries. :ut the ?etro is aimed at a different target :!. who simply do not ha+e the time for this approach and would find most other papers as dull as :". . The a+erage ?etro reader is a media :#. twenty or thirty(something with a relati+ely high disposable income and urban lifestyle. They often :$. in sporting acti+ities, en7oy an acti+e social life but hold few political con+ictions, being mostly :1%. +oters. The one thing that they do all ha+e in common is their daily commute to a mostly office(based wor! en+ironment. % few of the paper-s distributors do :11. the streets and hand out copies, free of charge, to passers by but the ma7ority of readers pic! up their copies on public transport and so are something of a :12. mar!et, with nothing better to focus their attention on during their daily commute. They find a daily paper neatly tailored to their lifestyles and world +iew. %nd best of all, it doesn-t cost them a penny.
1. A
enamoured '
ensnared C
engrossed 9
entwined
2. A
o+erta!ing '
o+erstating C
o+erwriting 9
o+erdoing
3. A
realistic
'
lifeli!e
C
twisty
9
&uir!y
. A
coo!er
'
teapot
C
!ettle
9
gas(ring
". A
feet
'
bac!
C
arms
9
nose
#. A
reading
'
readership C
lection
9
mar!et
'. A
seawater
'
bathwater C
tap(water 9
dishwater
*. A
reading
'
following
C
literate
9
familiar
. A
collaborate '
parta!e
C
sign up
9
participate
1. A
unfaithful
'
floating
C
random
9
spontaneous
11. A
hit
'
ta!e
C
fill
9
follow
12. A
imprisoned '
capti+e
C
persuaded 9
submissi+e
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 &isitin+ An Ani/a- 6)e-ter
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. ?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A emotion ' feeling C spot 9 attitude 36
-+e ne+er really had that much of a soft :%. for animals so was initially &uite :1. by the prospect of +isiting and ha+ing a loo! :2. the most famous animal shelter in the :3. of the UH. 5eople-s pets generally lea+e me feeling a little ill :4. at the best of times although can feel some pangs of sympathy for the world(weary hounds regularly see tied up outside shopping centres while their owners are off :. around inside. :ut now thin! can safely say that e+en the most callous uncaring meat(eater would ha+e been :!. to tears by what saw at the Nailsea 6ogs- ome last wee!. suppose what found most :". was the way the dogs all responded so :#. to my presence. %s we passed row after row of narrow wire cages, the :$. half( awa!e occupants suddenly sprang into a state of an0ious e0citement, each one frantically bar!ing and begging me with its big, dar!, doleful eyes to gi+e it a home. % few of these sad inmates were young and healthy but most had :1%. better days. Iane %sher, the +olunteer who was conducting my tour e0plained some of their stories and as she did so, became understandably, &uite :11. . ?ost, it seemed, were bought as presents for children. Then sooner or later, either children or parents became :12. of the constant attention demanded by their new pets and before long, they were out on the streets fending for themsel+es.
indifferent
'
uninspired 9
'
ambi+alen C t through C
in
9
apprehensi+ e about
2. A
around
3. A
area
'
region
C
realm
9
history
at ease
'
C
at heart
9
of mind
". A
fishing
'
in the mouth horsing
C
pigging
9
swanning
#. A
resigned
'
pee+ed
C
mo+ed
9
disgruntled
A
shoc!ing
'
horrifying C
concerning 9
A
enthusiasticall ' y +ague '
ecstaticall C y listless C
contentedly 9
1. A
li+ed
'
felt
11. A
furious
'
ta!en abac!
'
1.
.
'. *. .
12.
A
A
A
A
disconcertin g cheerfully wound up
C
disintereste 9 d undergone 9
agitated
C
seething
9
fuming
on edge
C
sic! and tired
9
fed up
seen
CAE M*-it-p-e C)oi,e C-o7e8 =o/en
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and decide which answer ; A, ', C or 9) best fits each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. 37
?ar! your answers on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0 .
Example % A bars ' barrels C barriers 9 barricades %
4+er the last fifty years in :ritain, many of the :%. ha+e come down that once pre+ented women from :1. positions of power and influence in our society. omen now :2. senior posts in the go+ernment, in business, and in industry and are 7ust as li!ely to be found in manual :3. 7obs as they are in nursing and childcare. n many UH families, women are the main :4. and e+en the most conser+ati+e of professions ha+e been forced to adapt their outdated wor!ing :. in fa+our of a more le+el playing field. omen employees are no longer seen as the :!. they once were considered and some might say that the :". of the se0es has finally been won. :ut there is one area of :ritish life that has been more resistant to change and it is one, possibly so ob+ious that somehow it has managed to fly under e+erybody-s :#. /or women with a;n) :$. for contact sports, it must come as something of a :1%. to disco+er that at no time will they be able to fight alongside men in the :11. of 8ngland-s world(famous football team. %lthough an estimated &uarter of a million women participate regularly in women-s soccer e+ents, the current :12. is still one of male(female segregation with nobody seeming to ta!e seriously the idea of a mi0ed national team.
maintainin C g C show
retaining
9
attaining
2. A
entertainin ' g ' ta!e
hold
9
deli+er
3. A
labour
'
laboured
C
labouring
9
labourer
A
deli+erers '
C
A
practices
meal( tic!ets systems
C
breadwinner 9 s methods 9
A
liability
C
insecurity
9
'. A
+ulnerabilit ' y war '
arrangement s scarcity
fight
C
hostility
9
battle
*. A
scanners
'
radar
C
+antage
9
outloo!
. A
attraction
'
inspiration C
predilection 9
affliction
1. A
punch
'
hit
C
bash
blow
11. A
front line
'
lead row
C
centre stage 9
top ran!
12. A
outset
'
set(up
C
outloo!
lead(in
1.
. ". #.
A
'
9 9
cash cows
38
CAE PRACTICE TE6T6 PART 18 CLO>E &OCA'ULAR5
From the words listed below, choose the ones which best fit the space, A, B, C or D.
5%>>4T >U$T@NB 5arrots and macaws ha+e become so ;1)......... that special +arieties of these birds are ;2) ......... up to G, each on the blac! mar!et in :ritain. ?acaws from :raAil cost from G1, and parrots from %ustralia can cost G'," a pair. The demand for parrots, coc!atoos and macaws has led to a ;3)......... increase in thefts from Aoos, wildlife par!s and pet shops. @ondon and hipsnade Aoos are among the many places from which parrots ha+e been stolen. $ome thefts ha+e not been ;)......... in an effort to pre+ent further ;").......... 5arrot rustling, as it is !nown among bird fanciers, has increased rapidly in :ritain since 1'# when imports and e0ports of ;#)......... birds became ;')......... controlled. Juarantine controls, ;*)......... with the scarcity of many types of parrots in the wild in %frica, %ustralia, ndonesia, and $outh %merica, ha+e caused a shortage of birds which can be sold legally under ;).......... This has sent prices to ;1)......... le+els. or!ing at night and e&uipped with wire(cutters, nets and substances to dope the birds, the rustlers are prepared to ;11)......... serious ris!s to capture the parrots they want. %t :irdworld, a specialist Aoo, thie+es ;12)......... two parrots after pic!ing their ;13)......... through an enclosure containing cassowaries, The cassowary is a large flightless bird, related to the emu, which can be e0tremely ;1)........., and has been ;1")......... to !ill humans with blows from its powerful legs. 1. %. costly :. e0tinct =. outlandish 6. rare 2. %. raising :. reaching =. lifting 6. fetching 3. %. acute :. pea! =. sharp 6. high . %. published :. publicised =. ad+ertised 6. told ". %. happenings :. incidents =. acts 6. acti+ities #. %. unusual :. uncommon =. e0otic 6. strange '. %. tightly :. hardly =. toughly 6. grimly *. %. coupled :. doubled =. attached 6. accompanied 39
. %. warranty :. guarantee =. licence 6. law 1. %. un!nown :. unheard =. record 6. highest 11. %. sustain :. assume =. ta!e 6. ma!e 12. %. thie+ed :. robbed =. misappropriated 6. stole 13. %. way :. road =. path 6. lane 1. %. aggressi+e :. fighting =. bad(tempered 6. rough 1". %. heard :. !nown =. considered 6. able PART 18 CLO>E &OCA'ULAR5 From the words listed below, choose the ones which best fit the space, A, B, C or D.
4@D?5= B%?8$ t is not so much the scandals and disputes of recent years that ha+e ;1)..... the 4lympic Bames. t is their ;2).... enormity, their e0cessi+e cost, their ;3)..... of national pride. 4ne +ery sensible suggestion is that future Bames should be ;)..... to indi+idual e+ents in which one person clearly wins. %ll team games would ;")....., and no one would feel any loss at the disappearance of 4lympic soccer, a ;#)..... shadow of the more professional game. %nything which re&uired 7udging would also be ;')...... 4ne reason for this is the difficulty of obtaining fair and accurate 7udges. %n ;*)..... e0ample of this is the case of Iac&ueline de :ief, a former ;) world figure s!ating champion. $he re+ealed to the ;1)..... that she was sometimes offered generous ;11)..... in e0change for what one newspaper called Ean amorous ad+entureE. f e+ents that re&uired 7udging were e0cluded, it would also ;12)..... the Bames of bo0ing, wrestling, and the boring di+ing competitions. t would also eliminate sailing, largely a matter of boat building, and horse 7umping, largely a matter of the horse. Under ;13)..... circumstances, the indi+idual would be ;1)..... to his rightful place, and a ;1")..... siAe to the Bames would be achie+ed. 1. %. warned :. threatened =. reproached 6. shoc!ed 2. %. sheer :. +ast =. hea+y 6. massi+e 3. %. pampering :. easing =. indulgence 6. spoiling . %. held :. restricted =. limit 6. decided ". %. remo+e :. depart =. lea+e 6. go 40
#. %. slight :. dull =. pale 6. empty '. %. undone :. left =. omit 6. e0cluded *. %. e0treme :. outside =. upset 6. unlimited . %. former :. e0 =. passed 6. formerly 1. %. paper :. press =. 7ournal 6. magaAine 11. %. awards :. mar!s =. numbers 6. odds 12. %. remo+e :. ta!e =. rid 6. scratch 13. %. such :. this =. most 6. normal 1. %. retained :. ascended =. reno+ated 6. restored 1". %. sane :. appro0imate =. accepted 6. sensible PART 18 CLO>E &OCA'ULAR5 From the words listed below, choose the ones which best fit the space, A, B, C or D. THE LOTTER5
The ;1).............................. of lottery winners change their li+es ;2).............................. little, and continue on their settled ;3).............................., happy e+er after. % couple of years ago, a ?r 6a+id orabin won a million. e had been struggling to ma!e a success of his dry cleaning shop for the ;).............................. 12 months. e accepted his che&ue in a small ceremony at the ;").............................. at 2.3, and by three o-cloc! he had reopened for business. The reaction of ?r 5as&uale =onsal+o who won K3 million in the New Dor! state lottery was +ery ;#)............................... e was unhappy not to be able to fulfil his ;').............................. to go to wor! as usual on the day he won. e also said that if the money made him unhappy he would gi+e it bac!. n fact, the ;*) .............................. of his life being ;).............................. a misery by his new(found wealth are almost as ;1) ........................., though not &uite, as the si0ty million(to(one odds he ;11).............................. to ta!e a 7ac!pot that had remained ;12).............................. through si0 pre+ious draws. Bambling small ;13).............................. on the lottery is a harmless if futile ;1)............................... :ut gambling can become an addiction, increasingly so as the acti+ity becomes socially ;1")...............................
1. %. most :. ma7ority =. number 6. &uantity 2. %. but :. a =. scarcely 6. not 3. %. way :. path =. road 6. habit 41
. %. earlier :. before =. recent 6. past ". %. site :. building =. company 6. premises #. %. appropriate :. lin!ed =. similar 6. same '. %. passion :. ambition =. desire 6. +ocation *. %. possibility :. probability =. chances 6. odds . %. created :. made =. sent 6. got 1. %. thin :. slim =. meagre 6. reduced 11. %. crac!ed :. o+erwhelmed =. beat 6. o+erthrew 12. %. unaccepted :. undone =. re7ected 6. unclaimed 13. %. &uantities :. amounts =. money 6. change 1. %. action :. sport =. hobby 6. pastime 1". %. fashionable :. proper =. acceptable 6. appropriate
42
PART 28 CLO>E8 6TRUCTURE Complete each space with the most appropriate word .
% $BN 4/ T8 T?8$ edding photographers are now as!ing ;1).............................. payment ;2).............................. ad+ance because so many marriages are brea!ing ;3).............................. in the first few wee!s, often ;).............................. the honeymoon.4ne photographer had to sue the bride for his money after the couple split ;").............................. on their honeymoon. is photographs were submitted ;#).............................. the court who said they were ;').............................. sufficient standard, and she ;*).............................. to pay for this sou+enir of her Ehappiest dayE.;)............................. another case, the bride-s mother saw the photographs and ;1)............................ enlargements and albums. The photographer said< E called ;11)............................ to say they were ready, and the bride-s mother said, -6on-t bring those bloody photographs round ;12)............................ ( he-s left ;13)............................ .-E=ouples are now ;1).............................. to pay a Edi+orce depositE ;1")............................ the photographer. % /4@H $T4>D T ?8%NNB Nasrudin made a bet that he could spend a night on a mountain, despite the ice and snow. The bet was accepted.Nasrudin too! a boo! and candle and sat ;1).................. the coldest night he ;2)................... !nown. ;3).................... the morning, he was half(dead as he went ;).................... to the +illage to claim his money. E6id you ha+e ;").................... at all to !eep you warmFE The people in the +illage as!ed him, ENot ;#).................. a candleFE EDes, had a candle.E EThen the bet is ;')......................E Nasrudin did not argue.$ome months later he in+ited the same people ;*)................ a feast ;)..................... his house. They sat. They waited. ours ;1)....................... They started to mutter ;11)....................... food. Nasrudin saidC E@et-s go and see how it is getting ;12)....................E 43
They all went ;13)....................... the !itchen. They found a huge pot of water. ;1)..................... the pot a candle was burning. The water was tepid. Nasrudin saidC Et is not ready ;1")........................ don-t !now why ( it has been there since yesterday.E % B>%8D%>6 /4> 58T$ ;1)................... the recession, :ritain-s pet owners are willing to pay for a permanent memorial ;2)......................... much(lo+ed furred and feathered friends. The >ossendale 5ets =emetery, near >awtenstall in @ancashire, now stretches to o+er 1 acres co+ered by 1,# gra+es and * plots for small cas!ets of ashes.t was started 2# years ;3)..................... by a local farmer who ran his dog ;)........................ with a tractor and was ;").................... grief( stric!en that he put up a headstone. That has long since been dwarfed ;#)......................... elaborate monuments, including a marble gate flan!ed by pillars. 6edicated to a horse called :randy, it cost well ;')...................... G2, se+en years ago. 4ther animals commemorated in the cemetery +ary from budgies to a lioness. The owners of the cemetery, ?r and ?rs %nnable, ha+e had some upsetting e0periencesC Ee had a man ;*)........................ tried to climb into the incinerator to !iss his rish wolfhound goodbye. e was an educated man ;)................... well, an 8nglish teacher. n the end, he left half the ashes here and too! half home. E8+ery $unday a long(distance dri+er brings fresh flowers ;1)................. his dog. >ain, hail, fog or snow, he ne+er ;11)....................... %nd then ;12).................. is Ha!!oo the parrot, who spo!e four languages. is gra+e is mar!ed by a simple wooden cross and a bronAe pla&ue. E;13)..................... couple arri+ed carrying a cage. They had not seen their hamster for ;1)............... time. as it in hibernation or was it deadF They couldn-t bear to loo!. n fact, it was as stiff as a board. hen told them, they burst into tears. didn-t ;1")....................... the heart to charge them.E 8U>4(6$N8D n 8uro(6isney, an in+estment of K2 billion has created a monstrous funfair. 5irates in the est ndies. Bhosts and gra+eyards and a haunted house. $imulated space tra+el. >ailway rides and 5eter 5an and 6umbo.... There must be ;1)..................... of 8urope-s # or so million children under the age of 1 who are not nagging ;2)..................... parents.hen hear ;3)................ this monstrous creation is a bare 2 miles from the centre of 5aris, thin! it represents the death of ci+ilisation. 4ne ;)................... ha+e thought the /rench ;")................... more sense, better taste, but, then, they always did ha+e this lo+e(hate relationship ;#)...................... the U$%.;')................... me be clear about it. 6isney should stay ;*)................... he belongsC in the swamps of /lorida or the suburbs of @os %ngeles. 5eople ;).................... appreciate him.5erhaps the most perple0ing response ;1)................... 6isney, that pap( merchant, has been made by collectors. n the United $tates, a four(+olume llustrated 6isneyana =atalog and 5rice Buide is ;11)..................... t lists 2#, prices ;12)................... K1 for a 1## 6onald 6uc! boo! ;13)....................... K1, for a tin wind(up wal!ing ?ic!ey ?ouse of around 13.n %merica, 44
there are an estimated ", collectors. The highest ;1)................... are paid for cels, paintings on celluloid, a specialised mar!et worth an annual K# million. The most paid ;1")................... far for a cel has been K2*#,.
PART 28 CLO>E U6AGE Co/p-ete 0it) one 0ord on-y in ea,) spa,e? 8%@T %N6 =B%>8TT8$ n many estern countries, girls are more ;1) ............. to smo!e than boys. t-s the girls who want to loo! Etough and grown(up.E The result is that ;2) ............. lung cancer in %merican men has fallen ;3) ............. the first time in " years, the disease is ;) ............. in women. The decrease in the disease among men is attributed to a decrease in smo!ing among men ;") ............. the go+ernment-s first warning of a ;#) ............. between cigarettes and disease in 1#. 4n the other hand, lung cancer is now e0pected to o+erta!e breast cancer ;') ............. the principal fatal cancer among women. ;*) ............. your son or daughter is a non(smo!er, there is another good ;) ............. for re7ecting a smo!er as a life( long mate. $mo!ers don-t 7ust ruin their own health by ;1) ............. up. They are a menace to ;11) ............. $econd(hand smo!e is lethal. %s the 1*th report o n smo!ing by the United $tates $urgeon Beneral ;12) ............. itC En+oluntary smo!ing is a ;13) ............. of disease, including lung cancer, in healthy non( smo!ers.E ;1) ............. to the report, at home, the children of parents who smo!e ;1") ............. the effects in their respiratory systems. $mo!ers ma!e their own !ids sic!.
PART 28 CLO>E U6AGE Complete with one word only in each space. THE =EL6H
hen it ;1)..... to +iolent nationalism, the elsh are not in the ;2)..... league as the :as&ues or the Northern rish, but they can be bad ;3)...... The elsh do ha+e a distinct nationality, ;)..... a language and literature of their own. ndeed, they ha+e their own cultural festi+al, with music and singing, ;")..... an 8isteddfod, which dates bac! to 11'#. The 8isteddfod forms ;#)..... of the Borsedd, or assembly, founded many centuries before the =hristian era. %t the 8isteddfod, the poets, or bards, wear long white, flowing robes, and ;')..... themsel+es +ery seriously. ;*)..... :rittany, ales is rather isolated. t is a mountainous lump ;)..... 8ngland and the rish $ea. ;1)..... it is isolated, and because it contains little ;11)..... stealing, the place has been ;12)..... to its own de+ices, so that half a million people ;13)..... spea! the ancient elsh language. ;1)....., the proportion of the population who spea! elsh has fallen ;1")..... 1# from about 3 per cent to about 2 per cent.
PART 28 CLO>E U6AGE Complete with one word only in each space. 45
THE OEE5E9 GAME6TER
n :ritain, * per cent of households ha+e at ;1).............................. one tele+ision set and an a+erage of 2" hours a wee! is spent in ;2).............................. of it. 3 per cent of homes now ha+e +ideo machines, and the number is rising rapidly. This a+erage of 2" hours a wee! is a staggering amount of time ta!en ;3).............................. of people-s li+es. ;).............................. do they watchF ?ostly, it appears, game shows and soap opera, usually ;").............................. %merican origin. Bame and &uiA shows ( ;#).............................. is a difference between ;')..............................C games you stand up, &uiAAes you sit down ( are immensely popular. They began in the United $tates in 1"" with The # Thousand 6ollar Juestion, which enabled contestants to win big money ;*).............................. answering comple0 &uestions. t became an o+ernight sensation, but three years later the bubble burst. $e+eral contestants ( the ;).............................. that lost ( charged that popular &uiA shows were rigged. The scandal shoo! the T industry and forced the networ!s to !ill ;1).............................. the shows. They were resurrected in 1#1. They are still booming. There are 21 game shows flourishing ;11).............................. %merican networ!s, the biggest and latest being =hance of a @ifetime in which contestants can win a million dollars. ;12).............................. is these big money shows that draw the big audiences, and thus the ad+ertising sponsors. /or the networ!s, it-s cheap. % programming manager for =:$ says, Et costs around K1, to put ;13).............................. a show, and efficient producers can shoot fi+e programmes, or a wee!-s worth of programmes, in one day. %fternoon soaps cost twice or three ;1).............................. as much to produce and you can only tape one half(hour segment a day. $o it boils ;1").............................. to economics.E
PART 28 CLO>E U6AGE Complete with one word only in each space . A 9I6COTETE9 PARET
/or three years, on and ;1).............................., the teachers in :ritain had been on stri!e or going slow. 4ne parent, ;2).............................. daughter recei+ed at the end of the summer a computer print(out telling her she had failed her school( lea+ing e0aminations ;!nown in 8ngland ;3).............................. 4(le+el), e0pressed the anger of manyC E... when someone lo+e, who has wor!ed hard and intelligently, is reduced ;).............................. tears by a computer print(out start to loo! for reasons. start to reflect on her ;").............................. throughout the year to share te0tboo!s with a friend. reflect on the number of classes she attended which the rele+ant teacher, in pursuit of a dispute, ;#).............................. not.... reflect on the teacher who did not and does not set homewor! ;').............................. he -doesn-t belie+e in it.- 5erhaps most of all, reflect on ;*).............................. might ha+e been, ;).............................. not my daughter spent a crucial year in her life ;1).............................. treated li!e an educational football by a profession 46
so cosseted that faced with the threat of being assessed it wal!ed ;11).............................. the 7ob. E?y wife and cannot be the ;12).............................. parents in this country who do not gi+e a damn what teachers belie+e in. hat we belie+e in is the right of our children to an education uninterrupted by disputes and untrammelled by pseudo(philosophical stances ;13).............................. homewor! which are at best irrele+ant and at worst plain idle. t may be that the anger and resentment feel now is no substitute ;1).............................. calm, rational thought followed by constructi+e action. :ut the first member of the National Union of Teachers who thin!s of throwing that one at me had ;1").............................. rehearse it first. n front of a mirror.E
CAE Open Cloze: Art
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % %$ %rt :%. always been a contro+ersial topic of con+ersation and is a sub7ect which
is sure to raise many an argument. hether you ha+e a passion :1. sculpture or are craAy :2. abstract art, we ha+e to agree that there is a place for all genres. 4ne of the most contro+ersial artists of our time is the /rench performance artist, 4rlan. $he :3. a scandal with her first wor!, EThe Hiss of the %rtistE, in which she sold !isses to the audience, and :4. actually fired from her teaching 7ob as a direct result of this. 4nce she got a taste :. shoc!ing the public, though, there was no stopping her and she often found herself in :!. water following one of her e0hibitions. %bstract art is often not thought of as Eproper artE and sometimes it-s hard to tell if a painting is either upside :". or the wrong way :#. owe+er, art doesn-t always ha+e to be contro+ersial or cutting egde. ?any people ta!e :$. art as a hobby and a way of rela0ing. $elf e0pression is a form of rela0ation and many people belie+e that once you :1%. it a try, you will ne+er gi+e it :11. The &uestion is, how can you tell if someone really does li!e your painting or whether they are 7ust telling a little :12. lieF CAE Open Cloze: The British Sense Of Humour
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0. 47
Example % % N 6
%s they learn more :%. more about 8nglish, most students with any aptitude :1. the language soon realise that if they want to :2. on ma!ing progress and truly immerse themsel+es :3. the culture they will need to learn to understand and e+en 7oin in :4. :ritish humour. To do this they will need to learn to :. the funny side of things that people in their own countries normally do not find amusing. :efore they come to :ritain, the :!. UH comedians that most 8nglish students usually get :". hear about are ?r. :ean and :enny ill. :ut 4n arri+ing in the UH students are soon surprised to disco+er that :#. of these two comedians is currently popular in their home country. t is true that in the past some :ritish people did en7oy their physical type of comedy but the :ritish public as a whole went :$. this !ind of thing a long time ago. Nowadays on UH tele+ision and in comedy clubs a different style of humour has become the centre :1%. attention. :11. two main !inds of humour that are popular in :ritain these days are blac!
humour ;laughing at miserable or tragic situations) and toilet humour;laughing about toilets). f you don-t find :12. of these two things +ery amusing, it is going to be difficult for you to really appreciate the :ritish sense of humour.
CAE Open Cloze: Clifton Suspension Bridge
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % =
The =lifton $uspension :ridge is a famous road bridge across the >i+er %+on, :%. 7oins =lifton in :ristol :1. one side to @eigh oods on the :2. side. hen it was originally built, it was the longest bridge of :3. !ind anywhere in the world and indeed, many people had belie+ed that bridging such a great distance would turn out to :4. impossible. hen sambard Hingdom :runel first designed the bridge in 1'31, the two towers that were going to support the roadway were designed to ha+e :. ancient 8gyptian appearance. Unfortunately, :runel died before the bridge :!. completed and the engineers who completed :". , co+ered the stone towers with con+entional red bric!s instead. 8+en today, more :#. a hundred years later, the bridge is still an impressi+e sight. The roadway that stretches between the two towers is two hundred and fourteen metres long, at a height of se+enty(fi+e metres abo+e the ri+er and the % road below. 4riginally, :$. car dri+er, cyclist and pedestrian who crossed the bridge had to pay a toll. :1%. nowadays, people on foot and cyclists can cross for free and :11. motorists must still pay. 48
n %pril 2#, the bridge was used :12. the centre of a huge firewor!s display to celebrate the 2th anni+ersary of the birth of its great designer, :runel. CAE Open Cloze: Freefall !a"ing
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % % N 6
$ince the rise of the current health :%. safety culture, most people in the UH ha+e begun to lead li+es with absolutely no element :1. danger at all. %nd after realising that their li+es are nowhere :2. as dangerous as they once were, :3. didn-t ta!e long before a group of young entrepreneurs came up with a new sport that really lets them push :4. to the limit in terms of ris! and e0citement. 8+ery wee!end, at an airfield :. the North 6e+on coast, a group of otherwise ris!(a+erse indi+iduals meet and attempt to :!. a new record for how fast they can fall a distance of two !ilometres from a small airplane. These are people who rarely if e+er brea! :". speed limit. :ut as free(fall racers, they compete to pic! :#. as much speed as they can before finally opening their parachutes at the last minute. 8ach race is o+er and finished in :$. matter of seconds but during those +ital few seconds, the racers say they are totally absorbed :1%. trying to ma!e their bodies fall that little bit faster and trying to 7udge the perfect moment to pull the parachute cord. ?any of them say that they hold :11. breath for the whole duration of the fall, only breathing out again when they touch the ground. :ill ?orris, one free(fall racer says that he has tried e+ery e0treme sport but that all of the others are simply nothing :12. comparison.
CAE Open Cloze: Hand#riting Anal$sis
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % T8$8 n the UH :%. days, many companies employ handwriting e0perts. These people are paid to analyse the handwriting :1. the +arious people who are applying :2. 7obs in the company. These handwriting e0perts are :3. as graphologists and they claim to be :4. to accurately ma!e predictions about the personality and 49
beha+iour of any applicant if they ha+e a large :. sample of their handwriting. :y loo!ing at :!. a candidate has written :". the application form they can &uic!ly decide if the candidate is suitable for the 7ob :#. they ha+e applied for. 4ne interesting e0ample of how this techni&ue :$. used is in the way graphologists loo! at the tops and bottoms of each line. f parts of letters hang :1%. a long distance below the line, a graphologist would say :11. you ha+e a -strong lower Aone- and this means that you are a calm, organised !ind of person. /or this :12. it may be a good idea to ma!e your writing li!e this when applying for a 7ob.
AE Open Cloze: %arao&e
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % T8
$ome time in :%. early se+enties, a Iapanese musician :1. 6aisu!e noue was wor!ing :2. a drummer in a band in Hobe in Iapan. is group were usually paid money :3. play along with drun!en businessmen and :4. their singing sound good. 4ne day, noue :. the idea of ma!ing recordings of popular songs without the singer. is idea was that people :!. then pay money to play these music trac!s and use a special microphone to sing along. The first !arao!e machines were :". popular that soon their in+entor was hiring and selling them both in Iapan and abroad. n the 1*s and 1s !arao!e went :#. to become a popular acti+ity in bars and restaurants :$. o+er the world. Unli!e early machines, :1%. relied on tapes or discs, the newer +ersions used digital technology which meant :11. they were able to store thousands of songs. %s well as gi+ing pleasure to millions of people !arao!e has had a political impact too. n 22 !arao!e machines were successfully sent as a peace gift from $outh Horea to North Horea. ?ore recently, howe+er, !arao!e was +oted the worldLs :12. annoying in+ention in an online poll.
CAE Open Cloze: 'ountain Hi&ing
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example 50
% 4N8 /or me, :%. of life-s greatest pleasures has always been hi!ing in the mountains. /rom ?onday to /riday, wor! in a busy office where often :1. arguments with complete strangers and where many of my colleagues dri+e :2. completely craAy. :ut one thing that :3. +ery strange is that many of my colleagues li!e to spend their wee!end e+enings drin!ing until they pass :4. . admit that li!e to drin! :. moderation but for me, ha+ing to spend my spare time in the same city en+ironment that wor! in would ma!e my life :!. misery.
n contrast, my idea of hea+en :". not seeing another person for two or more days and if do happen to run :#. a stranger on a mountain trail, e0changing a brief greeting and then continuing on our separate ways. t-s not that ha+e a strong disli!e :$. other people. t-s 7ust that in my crowded office setting, feel completely :1%. of control whereas, on my own, up on a mountain top, can be my own boss and set my own pace. 4ccasionally, people as! me what would do if :11. myself into a difficult situation so far away from ci+ilisation. :ut for me, this seems a +ery small danger compared to :12. increased ris! of heart problems and high blood pressure that would face by remaining in the city.
CAE Open Cloze: The Big (ssue
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % N
n nearly e+ery town or city centre :%. the UH, on most days of the wee! you can find one :1. more people standing in :2. street selling a magaAine called The :ig ssue. These people are all homeless but they are :3. begging for money. nstead, they are selling the magaAine as a means :4. ma!ing a small but respectable li+ing. The :ig ssue magaAine :. started in 11 by Ion :ird and Bordon >oddic! after they saw that there were many homeless people :!. were li+ing on the streets of @ondon. 4n a pre+ious +isit to New Dor!, one of them :". seen homeless people selling a newspaper !nown :#. $treet News and they decided to set :$. something similar in the :ritish capital. Nowadays, the :ig ssue has spread :1%. o+er the UH and there are e+en different +ersions of the magaAine in different :11. of the country. The sellers buy each magaAine from the organiAation for se+enty pence and then sell it to a customer for one pound fifty. :y wor!ing with The :ig ssue, many people ha+e :12. helped to escape from homelessness and many of them ha+e e+entually mo+ed on to new 7obs and new li+es. 51
CAE Open Cloze: The Bristol To Bath C$"le )ath
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % =
n the 1's, we had a world fuel crisis during :%. there was a shortage of petrol in many countries. % group of people in :ristol, UH decided :1. :ritish people relied too much :2. pri+ate motor cars. Their reaction was to form a new charity organiAation !nown :3. $ustrans. They wanted to build a networ! of cycle paths all o+er the UH so that cyclists :4. en7oy cycling without :. to use noisy and dangerous public roads. :!. first pro7ect was to construct a thirteen(mile cycle path all the way from :ristol to :ath. The :ristol to :ath =ycle 5ath was built o+er an old railway line. The pro7ect was finally completed in 1*# and immediately became a huge success :". with local people and as a tourist attraction. The path attracts not :#. groups of serious cyclists with their racing bi!es and brightly coloured clothing, but also families and indi+iduals 7ust en7oying a little fresh air in the countryside. :$. total 2. million 7ourneys a year are made along the path. owe+er, :1%. the popularity of the cycle path, the :ristol =ity =ouncil :11. recently de+eloped plans to close the cycle path and build a bus route in its place. Naturally, this idea has met :12. strong opposition and so far thousands of people ha+e signed a petition to pre+ent this plan from becoming a reality. CAE Open Cloze: The Histor$ Of Soap
/or &uestions 112, read the te0t below and thin! of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an e0ample at the beginning :%.. rite your answers I CAPITAL LETTER6 on t)e separate ans0er s)eet be-o0.
Example % % B 4
The earliest soap in history was probably produced around fi+e thousand years :%. in %ncient :abylon. %rcheologists :1. found ancient tablets with writing on them :2. seem to describe a formula for ma!ing soap. :3. the >omans probably !new how to manufacture soap as well, :4. is belie+ed that they only used it :. washing fabrics and actually cleaned their bodies in a totally different :!. . %n ancient 8gyptian papyrus from around 1"" :.=. also refers to soap manufacture. The first soaps that we would recognise today were produced by ?uslim chemists in the mediae+al slamic world around 1 %.6. :". soaps were not 52
only made from similar materials :#. also included colouring and perfume in some cases. :ut it was not :$. the Nineteenth =entury that large(scale soap production began ma!ing a product that was cheap :1%. for e+erybody to afford it. n 1*#2, %ndrew 5ears and :11. granson, /rancis opened the 5ears soap factory in sleworth in @ondon. Today, 5ears has become :12. of the best !nown brands of soap in the world. =%8 =@498 T8$T( /ilm >e+iewC igh eels by 5edro %lmodo+ar. This is a +ery rich re+iew, although the film igh eels goes some years bac!. :esides sol+ing the cloAe test, please, pay attention to the comments in the ord +ersion so that you can wor! out rich and sophisticated =%8 language. 5edro %lmodo+ar, almost a national institution in $pain and certainly, the only $panish director e+erybody !nows, comes eels.
with a nasty surprise in igh
is that he is no longer capable of surprising us.
There are,
@B, moments in this new film,
of pesetas in $pain, when things happen @B as when ictoria %bril,
@B has made a mountain @B are, to say the least, odd,
@B a tele+ision newscaster, announces
the murder of her husband on the bo0, calmly adding that it is the culprit.
@B who is
%lmodo+arMs film is stylish, garishly(decorated, and dressed with great and fashion(conscious aplomb. t is e&ually e&uipped with a real capacity to allow its two splendid stars to display e0actly roll along in the Ner+ous :rea!down, 6own. n
@B acting and other assets. :ut it doesnMt @B fluent way as omen on the erge of a
@B does it contain the frissons of Tie ?e Up, Tie ?e
@B, it is not abo+e a certain flatness in places and is distinctly
@B long. @B some funny 7ibes at the media and suitably eccentric minor characters,
this is a melodrama that not only lac!s real emotion but, dare one say it, it doesn Mt ha+e a lot of real flair either. t is
@B worth seeing< %lmodo+ar would
ha+e to grow a different s!in actually to be dull.
, the inspiration isnMt
@B any means consistently there, and it shows in the filmMs slightly
disorganiAed and spray(gun approach. 4pen =loAe. or!sheet 1 /or each &uestion, fill the space with one word. 1. $he li+ed _____________ the money inherited from an aunt. 2. The man wasn-t +ery trustworthy. 4n the _____________, he was probably the most dishonest employee in the company. 53
3. They spo!e to their mother who _____________ it clear she wasn-t happy with their recent beha+ior. . f you want the painting, you will ha+e to offer a _____________ deal more money than K. e ha+e _____________ lac! of other offers so don-t need to accept yours. ". Dou will need to go to the ?c=arthy :rothers /arm $upply $tore or ?ac-s $tore, _____________ it is !nown in this area, on 1#th $treet. They ha+e a sale on at the moment with _____________ to " off e+erything. #. t has _____________ to light that you falsified your e0amination certificates. hat ha+e you got to say _____________ yourselfF '. n _____________ to your normal duties, you will also _____________ e0pected to train new arri+als. 4pen =loAe. or!sheet 2. /or each &uestion, fill the space with one word. 1. The suspect _____________ ha+e been at home until at least pm last night. e ha+e proof of at least two phone calls made from the house yesterday e+ening. Then we ha+e no trace of him. 2. f you are dri+ing in the mountains, e0ercise great caution. n the _____________ of snow, fi0 chains to your tires. 3. The Iapanese are often thought _____________ as being hard wor!ing and good at teamwor!. . hy are you loo!ing for your mobile telephone thereF n _____________ probability, you-+e left it at wor!O ". No sooner did the restaurant open its doors _____________ the fire alarm went off. #. 4nly when sent them the original in+oice _____________ they send me a refund. '. %lthough feel confident about the coming year, do feel +ery wary _____________ o+er confidence. 4pen =loAe. or!sheet 3 /or each &uestion, fill the space with one word. 1. s this type of bed different from what you are used ______________F hope it won-t be a problem. 2. 6o you find it any sort of surprise that he acted ______________ such horror to what you saidF am only surprised he didn-t fire you on the spotO 3. 8+en if s&uint, 7ust can-t ma!e ______________ what is supposed to be written on this coin. . ______________ the wor!ers feel angry can understand perfectly well. ______________ can-t understand is how they resort to +iolence. ". Dou 7ust !eep on eating those coo!iesO Then you-ll be ______________ to eat your dinner and your mother will be rightly furious with you. #. There were thic!, dar! woods all ______________ the house and the family often felt as if they were on a boat in an ocean of trees. '. e0pected it 7ust to be youngsters at the disco but there were people of ______________ ages there. 54
4pen =loAe. or!sheet /or each &uestion, fill the space with one word. 1. ardly had got up from the seat ______________ the police came o+er to spea! to me. 2. didn-t realiAe that =hicago was ______________ big a city. t can be frighteningO 3. n ______________ years, many medical and sports professionals ha+e stressed the importance of combining diet with increased physical e0ercise to help lose weight. . %s a ______________ of burning calories, nothing much beats the old fashioned e0ercise bi!e. ". /uturistic methods of personal transportation, ______________ as s!ycars or robot cars, may become an e+eryday sight by 2". #. ouse prices ha+e a large effect on consumer confidence in ______________ the same way as inflation does. '. am not disappointed in you ?a0. f ______________, am e+en prouder than was before this episode. 4pen =loAe. or!sheet " /or each &uestion, fill the space with one word. 1. Dour e0ams are only two wee!s away childrenO ith this ______________ mind, ha+e decided we can do a practice test today. 2. The 8arth could be faced ______________ serious climate problems unless go+ernments worldwide ta!e strong action. 3. don-t mind the cold so much, but in damp weather, am prone ______________ suffer painful 7oints, especially the wrists. . %s the weather deteriorated, the mountain ranger stated that boys had ______________ chance of sur+i+al o+ernight. ". The two parents stood silently in the departure lounge. E=ome on ?eg, let-s go home. f you wait here loo!ing sad long ______________, you-ll see them return from their +acationOE #. Dou ha+e been loo!ing so tired recently. thin! you ha+e ta!en ______________ too much responsibility at your 7ob. '. e must face ______________ to the fact that this school is failing the local community. =)y 9o+s 'ar(
Thousands of years , humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what Ebeing a dogE really means. Through careful selection and breeding, an astonishing +ariety of dog breeds
been created. 6esirable
traits ha+e been selected for in +arious breeds that are of a benefit humans. There are some traits, howe+er, that &uic!ly become undesirable when e0pressed too fre&uently. :ar!ing is e0ample of a natural beha+iour that is encouraged in terms of guarding beha+iour, but becomes a problem when the beha+iour is produced in e0cess. % recent health insurance in+estigation re+ealed
the sound of a continually bar!ing dog was cited as the most
disrupti+e and stress inducing noise
humans. 55
hy 6o 6ogs :ar!F :ar!ing, in addition to whining, howling and growling, is a dog-s natural means communication. :ar!ing is characteriAed by a series of short, sharp sounds, that tend +ary little in tone or pitch. % dog-s bar! signify territorial protection, e0ertion of dominance, or e0pression of some need. Typically, Typically, bar!ing is Ea means of communication triggered by a state e0citement.E :eing a natural trait, bar!ing is not considered a beha+ioural problem, until it is produced e0cess. =auses of 5roblem :ar!ing 5roblem bar!ing has a +ariety of origins. Benetics does influence a dog-s tendency to bar!. =ertain breeds belonging
the terrier family are prone to
more fre&uent bar!ing breeds such as Breyhounds or :asen7is. Benerally, Benerally, howe+er, e0cess bar!ing can e0ist in any breed of dog. The !ey to sol+ing the problem of inappropriate bar!ing is to determine what e0ternal stimulus triggering the beha+iour. b eha+iour. mproper confinement can be a ma7or cause of problem bar!ers. mproper confinement can include lea+ing a dog alone in
loc!ed room, or in a dog crate
;a tool used for housebrea!ing and other beha+ioural modifications). improper confinements can include restricted tethering outdoors, or e+en an enclosed yard without proper shelter from the elements. $uch confinement can cause frustration
a dog and cause it to bar! e0cessi+ely. =losely associated
improper confinement is lac! of e0ercise as a cause of e0cess bar!ing. hen a dog is not pro+ided with ade&uate e0ercise, accumulated energy released through bar!ing. 8n+ironmental sounds can trigger bar!ing. These sounds include such things as the bar!ing of other dogs, the sound of passing cars, strange +oices, thunder, and mechanical noises such the ringing of the phone. Noises can initiate bar!ing at different times of the day da y. % dog may not bar! at accustomed sounds the day, day, but at night may be incited to a +olley of bar!ing, much to the chagrin of the neighbours, by the slightest of noises. 4ther causes of problem bar!ing can include separation an0iety, an0iety, or the temperament aggressi+e animal may bar!
the dogC an o+er(
the smallest pro+ocation. % strongly territorial
dog may bar! at any stranger, in+ited or unin+ited, entering
property. property.
$olutions to 80cess :ar!ing
56
80cess bar!ing can be a serious beha+ioural problem and can mean the termination of the relationship your dog or the dog itself if left untreated. The following te0t includes information on how to sol+e your dog-s problem bar!ing recommended by a +et. The first step in sol+ing problem bar!ing, is to determine your dog is bar!ing in response to inade&uate shelter or improper confinement. f this is the case, the dog must be pro+ided with a comfortable amount space or supplied with a doghouse if outdoor shelter is inade&uate. ncreasing the amount of e0ercise gi+en
your dog may also help.
n the e+ent your dog is bar!ing response to en+ironmental noises, or the bar!ing is simply due to its temperament, beha+ioural modification methods should be used. These methods can include reconditioning using a +erbal reprimand
as ENoOE, and leash correction. t should be noted howe+er, that
you should ne+er yell your dog, as loud noises may encourage your pet to bar! more. %lso !eep in mind the punishment should be applied while the bar!ing is occurring,
order for your dog to associate the unwanted beha+iour with the
punishment. %lso remember to reward your dog
it stops bar!ing.
ndirect inter+ention methods can also be applied. These techni&ues can range from spraying your dog with water while it is bar!ing,
using noise producing
de+ices such as E6og $topE or E:ar!er :rea!er,E which emit loud high fre&uency sounds that interrupt bar!ing. These de+ices can be controlled by the owner, or triggered
the dog-s bar!ing. n the e+ent your dog is resistant to
beha+ioural modifications, more drastic action can be ta!en in the form of bar! acti+ated shoc! collars. de+ice is particularly effecti+e when bar!ing occurs in the owner-s absence. $hoc! collars, howe+er, are recommended only after other control measures
failed. % final resort, when all other beha+ioural
modification methods ha+e been tried, and particularly when the dog-s life is &uestion, is a +ocal cordectomy ;debar!ing). This surgical procedure in+ol+es remo+al of all or part of
+ocal cords.
The !ey to sol+ing the problem of e0cess bar!ing in your dog begins with understanding of what is causing this beha+iour. 4nce you ha+e determined a cause, ha+e a greater chance of choosing the most effecti+e solution ;e.g., more e0ercise) or beha+ioural modification. ?odifying such an instincti+e and natural beha+iour
bar!ing can be difficult, and may re&uire considerable
patience, time, and hard wor!. wo r!. $olutions, howe+er, are possible, and worth effort.
57
Preposition Revie0 %! Read these sentences aloud using the correct prepositions
1. e tal!ed to me ??????????????????????? the problem. 2. The room measured three metres ????????????????????????????? fi+e. 3. Throughout the holidays it rained day ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????? day. . e lied ?????????????????????? the police when he was arrested for drun!en dri+ing. ??????????????????????? 5ortugal. ". 5ort comes ???????????????????????
#. The mo+ie was boring from beginning ??????????????????????? end. '. n the floods there were ten thousand s&uare !ilometres ?????????????????? water. *. The goods do not ha+e to be paid for in ad+ance but can be sent cash ?????????????????? deli+ery. . The train is not ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?? time so we will be late. 1. prefer to pay ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????? che&ue rather than cash. Prepositions %"
Complete with the most suitable preposition
1. e didn-t tell the truth. e lied.................... lied.................... it. 2. The patient was +ery ill indeed. The doctors were wor!ing................ wor!ing................ time. 3. The sun disappeared................ the clouds. . The bo0er lost the fight because he hit his opponent................ opponent................ the belt. ". will arri+e sometime.............. sometime.............. three and four in the afternoon. #. e was so ill, he was.................. was.................. the help of the doctors. '. The weather didn-t impro+e. t went................ went................ bad to worse. *. couldn-t buy the boo! because the shop didn-t ha+e it.............. stoc!. . felt pleased no longer had the responsibility. responsibility. t was a weight................. weight................. my shoulders. 1. This is the better product. t has many ad+antages.......... ad +antages................. ....... 58
its competitors. 11. The floods were serious. There were ten thousand s&uare !ilometres................. water. 12. The ban! wants to be sure you can pay bac! the money. t lends money only..................... good security.
PREPO6ITIO6 %# Complete with the most suitable preposition
1. don-t !now e0actly how far it is. thin! it-s 23 !ilometres ................ the nearest round number. 2. :ecause of the huge traffic 7am on the main road, traffic was........................ a standstill. 3. The criminal appeared................... the court. . The soldier saw his girlfriend when he was.................. duty. ". e can stroll o+er because it is................. easy wal!ing distance. #. %t high tide, the ship got................... way. '. e got the sac! because he was not &uite up.................... the 7ob. *. t stands.................. reason that success re&uires hard wor!. . The estate agent showed the potential purchaser............... the building. 1. e ma!es a terrible noise when he sings ................ !ey. 11. The goods were sold cheaply because they were............... sale. 12. hen you spea! to the old lady, you will ha+e to shout because she is hard.................. hearing.
PREPO6ITIO6 %$ Complete with the most suitable preposition
1. urry upO The train is...................... to lea+e. 2. The gambler did not pic! his horses carefully or thoughtfully. e selected 59
them..................... random. 3. e shall see each other again.................... long. . ?uch of olland is........................ sea le+el. ". e stayed loyal to his friends..................... thic! and thin. #. The golfer got.................... all sorts of difficulties trying to escape from the bun!er. '. play tennis when am....................... wor!. *. f you smo!e, you are.................. danger of getting ill. . t is a pity that holidays cannot last.................. e+er. 1. The room measured fi+e metres.................... si0. 11. 6rin!s are cheaper.................. board ship. 12. @et-s shelter from the rain................... that tree.
PREPO6ITIO6 1% Complete with the most suitable preposition
1. $he has got o+er her illness, and is up and.................. again. 2. The cars were mo+ing round the trac!...................... high speed. 3. saw it all. t happened.................... my +ery eyes. . The noisy children burst.................. the room. ". e is too young. e is................... age for admission to that nightclub. #. They ga+e their customer a guided tour................. their wor!shops. '. $he was able to ma!e him do whate+er she wanted. $he could twist him.................... her little finger. *. ha+e the 7ob................. hand and should complete it by late afternoon. . The whole idea of a holiday is to get away............... it all. 60
1. The handle stuc!, and then it bro!e when he tried to mo+e it............ force. 11. The car was a write(off but the dri+er escaped.................. in7ury. 12. n the operating theatre, the patient is put................... anaesthetic
PREPO6ITIO6 11 Complete with the most suitable preposition
1. Unemployed teenagers hang...................... the city streets. 2. e sold his shares...................... a profit. 3. was +ery early. arri+ed an hour.................. time. . The newspapers were not supposed to print what the 5resident said because he was spea!ing.................. the record. ". The boo! is unobtainable because it is out................. print. #. ith competition intense, you cannot sell goods that are.............. standard. '. They were gossiping about him................. his bac!. *. e ha+e a dog and a cat....................... the canary. . prefer to tra+el.................... train. 1. %fter my holiday, felt fresh and ready.................... wor!. 11. The drun!en man swayed................. side to side. 12. There was no compulsion. did it................. my own free will.
Prepositiona- P)rases 12 Complete with the correct preposition
1. n summer at dawn the birds brea! ..................... song. 2. ?odern life is so complicated wouldn-t mind being cast ..................... on a desert island. 3. The ban!rupt company had got so far ..................... with its debt payments that there was no hope of its meeting its commitments. . e told his secretary to hold the reports ..................... readiness in case the committee needed to inspect them. 61
". The managing director put the case ..................... e0pansion in south(east %sia to the company-s shareholders. #. The inhabitants of a small community are more li!ely to ta!e pride ..................... its appearance than those who li+e in a large city. '. $alesmanship comes naturally to the New Dor!erC it runs ..................... his blood. *. The manager demanded a rise in salary commensurate ..................... his new responsibilities. . $ummer heat is not conduci+e ..................... hard mental wor!. 1. f you bear ..................... me a moment longer you will understand what mean.
PREPO6ITIOAL PHRA6E6 13 Complete with the correct preposition
1. The loo!out saw that the Titanic was bearing ....................... on the iceberg. =ollision threatened. 2. ho can be indifferent ....................... the glory that was >omeF 3. %s far as his opponents are concerned, a dictator is li!ely to ta!e the law ....................... his own hands. . The shortage too! us ....................... surprise and we had no time to arrange alternati+e supplies. ". The go+ernment can find no painless way to hold inflation ....................... chec!. #. hile the sales director was on holiday, the sales office got ....................... a real mess. '. had to resign. couldn-t get ....................... with the boss. *. The in7ured man was done ....................... e was going to die. . n the warm spring sunshine, the plants came ....................... &uic!ly. ;P grew, de+eloped). 1. The publisher threw a big party when the author-s new boo! came .......................
62
Advan,ed Use o Prepositions 1! Complete
1. @oo!, it-s nearly midnight. t-s ....................... time we went. 2. ?edicine should not be placed ......................... reach of small children. 3. Dou should not do it because it is ....................... the rules. . The mother di+ided the birthday ca!e ....................... the children at the party. ". The tourist hired a car in order to tra+el ........................ the countryside, sightseeing. #. The yacht was riding ............................ anchor in the bay. '. The salesman did not ha+e to pay for his car as it was pro+ided ........................... his company-s e0pense. *. $he is rather old(fashioned and ........................... the times. . t was such an e0tremely bad thing to ha+e done that it was ..................contempt. 1. t stands .......................... reason that success re&uires hard wor!.
1" Advan,ed Use o Prepositions Complete
1. $he-s the office gossip. $he !nows e+erything ................. e+erybody. 2. % policeman must lead an honest, blameless life. e must be .................... suspicion. 3. couldn-t understand a thing they were tal!ing about. was all .................... sea. . 6octors must e0pect to ha+e their li+es interrupted when they are ........................ call. ". The +iew was pleasing .................... the eye. #. e was patient, good(tempered and slow ...................... anger. '. must find the time and energy to get .......................... to doing that 7ob sometime. *. $he has got ....................... her illness and has returned to wor!. 63
. $he is up and ........................ again. 1. e will definitely see you ne0t wee!. e will be there .......................... fail.
1# Advan,ed Use o Prepositions Complete
1. can-t stand the sound of bagpipes. t sets my teeth ??????????????????????? edge. 2. %lthough after the accident the car was a complete write(off, he escaped ????????????????????? a scratch. 3. put my money in the ban! ??????????????????????? safe(!eeping. . The office super+isor in charge of a number of people had twenty people ??????????????????????? her. ". %t the seaside, the children were so ?????????????????????????????? themsel+es with e0citement, they could hardly control themsel+es. #. The train is ????????????????????????? time and will ma!e me late for my appointment. '. The country with ha+e a million men ?????????????????????? arms is prepared for war. *. The men in white coats said he was ??????????????????????? his head and too! him away. . The sympathetic employer !new e+ery one of his employees ????????????????????? name. 1. t is worthwhile !eeping those old bits of string because they could be?????????????????????????? use later.
1$ Advan,ed Use o Prepositions Complete
1. Traffic was bac!ed ......................... for si0 !ilometres as a result of the 7am on the main road. 2. The footballers were down ............................ heart after losing such an important match. 3. e always acts ....................... the le+el and you can belie+e he s serious when he says he is going to resign. . ith inflation costs will rise ....................... doubt. 64
". The nurse will be ......................... call if you need her. #. f he reported your pri+ate con+ersation to the boss, he was definitely .................. the wrong. '. e is +ery punctual and always arri+es early as a matter ....................... course. *. hy are those noisy children shouting ............................ the tops of their +oicesF . e went to the boss and repeated e+erything said word ...................... word. 1. $he refused to let them ........................ the secret. *+ A ;LOATIG &OTER
ha+e 7ust +oted in a UH election for the :%.????????time in about twenty years. %n e0tended period li+ing abroad had ruled :1.???????? the possibility of casting my :2.???????? in pre+ious elections. n truth, in recent years they ha+e :3.???????? the +oting process more accessible to :ritons li+ing abroad and so do feel some sense :4.???????? shame at not ha+ing done :.???????? bit for :ritish democracy and registering my postal +ote. nstead had li+ed :!.???????? the hope that one day would return to my home country and be able to perform :".???????? important social duty once again. The polling station that attended was housed in the main hall of :#.???????? local school and when arri+ed, there was a large &ueue outside which only seemed to be mo+ing forward :$.???????? a snail-s pace. hile waiting, did o+erhear another +oter behind me saying that he :1%.???????? a +ery dim +iew of being made to wait so long and how much better it would all be if polling stations were operated by pri+ate rather than :11.???????? sector wor!ers. hen my turn finally came, was gi+en a piece of paper with a long list of names on it, :12.???????? of which recognised apart from two. Unfortunately, these were both politicians that am not :13.???????? fa+our of. had no intention of +oting for :14.???????? of these two candidates so had no choice but to randomly pic! a name from the remaining ones. later disco+ered had accidentally +oted for a party that wants the UH to withdraw :1.???????? The 8uropean Union. ,+ Ad*-t Ga/es
% +isit to :%.????toy shop will show you :1.???? full e0tent of the toy industry aimed at children. owe+er, increasingly, :2.???? is adults who are targeted by games manufacturers, particularly where computer(based games :3.???? concerned. s it a good thing :4.???? adults to continue to playF The short answer is yes. 5laying games is a great way to train :.???? brain, impro+e your memory and :!.???? helps you rela0. t doesn-t ha+e to cost a fortune and can build stronger social bonds :".???? family members and 65
friends. :#.???? to mention that it is fun. Until, that is, we enter the world of interent gaming, in :$.???? many adults seem willing and able to lose themsel+es for hours :1%.???? end to the e0clusion of all else, including family and friends. $ome internet games are so e0tensi+e, they go on for days or :11.???? wee!s and those who play ta!e on new identities to do :12.???? There-s nothing wrong with a little role( playing, hear :13.???? say. agree, as long as the role(player maintains a clear di+ision between the role and reality. ?y fear, and that of may others, is :14.???? with nobody else in the real world to !eep tabs on their in+ol+ement, what is to stop internet game(players from losing touch with their real sel+esF :1.???? you can choose to be a hero in a world of your own ma!ing, why would you choose t li+e a boring routine life insteadF -+ E9AGERE9 6PECIE6 CO;ERECE
%s somebody who is an0ious not see any more species :%.????????wiped off the :1.???????? of the 8arth, recently spent four days at the annual 8ndangered $pecies =onference in elsin!i. %s usual we came to see :2.???????? famous nature e0perts gi+e important presentations which usually ta!e the form of a heads :3.???????? on the latest species that is about to +anish into :4.???????? air. $ome of the species that got flagged :.???????? this year were the pygmy hippopotamus and the arctic fo0. %nd as usual, members of the audience were in+ited to :!.???????? up to personal lifestyle choices that :".???????? a negati+e impact :#.???????? the fate of some of these creatures. :ut this year, was made to feel particularly :$.???????? of place. t-s bad :1%.???????? when you are made to realise that a product you may ha+e bought or used :11.???????? the confines of the conference +enue has for some reason become something to be embarrassed about. :ut this year was actually wearing trainers with the offending logo clearly +isible and ended up feeling so uncomfortable that almost called :12.???????? a day and went bac! to my hotel room. :ut -m glad that didn-t. The afternoon seminars were a great opportunity to touch base :13.???????? +arious other delegates who had not seen since the pre+ious year-s e+ent and to be :14.???????? in the loop about the +arious conser+ation pro7ects ha+e been :1.???????? the green light by different organisations around the world. .+
EGLI6H
Nobody :%.????????deny that 8nglish is the world language. Iust how this came :1.???????? is somewhat unclear but there is :2.???????? denying that the rise of the internet has contributed to :3.???????? dominance. n many ways, 8nglish is an unli!ely candidate for world language. %lthough the grammar is surprisingly simple, :4.???????? what foreign learners might thin!, the +ocabulary and the range of idioms ma!e :.???????? a daunting prospect. The e0tensi+e useof phrasal +erbs, in particular, presents most foreign learners with :!.???????? huge tas!. ?any try to learn all the meanings of all the phrasal +erbs, :".???????? try to learn how they wor!, what actaully ma!es the meaning of a phrasal +erb ob+ious to a 66
nati+e spea!er. The ma7ority of students are hampered in this :#.???????? that +ery few schools teach phrasal +erbs in this way. :$.???????? is one of the ways in :1%.???????? The @anguage 5ro7ect is uni&ue. ere, you will learn meanings but you will also learn how to find :11.???????? the meaning without access to a dictionary or a teacher. % language with a :12.???????? +ocabulary as e0tensi+e as 8nglish must :13.???????? appraoched in a le0ical manner, if students are to ha+e any hope at all :14.???????? achie+ing a high standard of proficiency. %t The @anguage 5ro7ect, we build the foundations from bloc!s of +ocabulary and from :1.???????? the student absorbs the language more naturally and more rapidly. /+ HOLI9A5IG I 'RITAI
a+e you e+er had a flight that :%.????????been delayed and then spent hours in a hot, o+ercrowded airport lounge 7ust !illing time until your flight is calledF %nd then you hear that dreaded announcement that the plane hasn-t e+en left %thens, or where+er, :1.???????? which point you start wishing you-d stayed at home. Det thousands of :ritish people holiday abroad e+ery year. hen you-+e :2.???????? and sa+ed all year, you feel that you deser+e to splash :3.???????? on a foreign holiday somwhere hot and e0otic. %nd what about all the cash you actually get through while you-re on holidayF Dou may spend your money :4.???????? water without realising it but ha+e nothing to show :.???????? it when you get home. $o why not thin! about spending your ne0t holiday in :ritainF f you-re a bit hard :!.???????? and can-t afford a lu0ury summer holiday abroad, then :ritain could be the place for you. ales and =ornwall, to name a few, are amaAing places to +isit, both in :".???????? you can ta!e in the breath(ta!ing scenery, lie on a beautiful sandy beach or stroll around one of the pretty little mar!et towns. There is a wide range of things to see and do whether you-+e got money to :#.???????? or only 7ust enough to get :$.???????? on. :ritain is relati+ely easy to do :1%.???????? a budget as many of the things to do are free, such as +isiting the la!es, mountains, wal!ing through forests, loo!ing at the stunning scenery and going on coastal wal!s. Therefore when you get home from your holiday you won-t recoil :11.???????? horror when your credit card statement lands on your doormat. n addition, you won-t feel li!e you ha+e to continually try to !eep :12.???????? with the Ionses by choosing a more spectacular holiday than them. ?oreo+er, with no flights to boo! and currency to buy, you can afford to ma!e that :13.???????? minute decision to go away and set off :14.???????? impulse. To sum up, :1.???????? you do in :ritain, you-re sure to ha+e a great timeO 0+ HUMA RE6OURCE6
thin! it-s fair to say that the worst 7ob -+e :%.????????had was as a human resources manager for a manufacturing company. n :1.???????? fact it was not the line of :2.???????? had intended to get into, in the first :3.???????? when went for the inter+iew. :ut being a little naQ+e at the time was more than a little flattered to be offered the more ele+ated 7ob of hiring :4.???????? firing rather than the minimum :.???????? position had hoped to be offered. 67
:!.???????? retrospect, thin! they must ha+e been desperate to find somebody because to :".???????? intents and purposes, they offered me the
personnel 7ob in the first fi+e minutes of the inter+iew and two days later -d started. To a certain :#.???????? , it was &uite an easy 7ob for the first few wee!s and about the worst thing had to do was brea! :$.???????? to some of the wor!ers that they could no longer ta!e days off :1%.???????? lieu of o+ertime hours that they had pre+iously wor!ed. :ut that was before the industrial dispute started o+er the sac!ing of two +an dri+ers. n :11.???????? respects, the two deli+ery dri+ers probably deser+ed to be :12.???????? the sac! as, :13.???????? fairness, they had been caught more than once, wor!ing unofficially for another employer while on sic! lea+e. :ut most of the other wor!ers didn-t see things the same way and decided to :14.???????? on stri!e in support of their two colleagues. 4+er the ne0t few months, my position became increasingly uncomfortable to say the least and :1.???????? the end, had no choice but to hand in my resignation. 1+ LIE CAT A9 9OG
5eople :%.????????long been di+ided :1.???????? dog(lo+ers and cat(lo+ers, although should add that for many people neither animal inspires much emotion :2.???????? way. The differences between cats and dogs are ob+ious, so can a lo+e of one or the other really tell us anything :3.???????? a person. =ats are decidedly more independent than dogs and :4.???????? less social. This is seen in the wild, :.???????? , apart from lions, all the big cats li+e solitary li+es. 6ogs, on the other hand, are essentially pac! animals and :!.???????? a clear leader or hierarchy if they are to function properly. % cat will show little or :".???????? gratitude for its food and shelter, whereas dogs ha+e been :#.???????? to pine to death on the gra+es of their owners. $o, is it fair to say that cat(lo+ers are more independent and dog(lo+ers more sla+ishly de+otedF t wold appear :$.???????? . n fact, it appears that those who own dogs are more li!ely to be leaders in the human world as well as top dog in :1%.???????? own pri+ate pac!. =at(lo+ers, by contrast, allow themsel+es to be :11.???????? for granted and, for want of a better word, used :12.???????? those around them. t is not yet clear to :13.???????? use this information could be put but it is certain that if you are inter+iewing :14.???????? a management position, you will be more li!ely t find a suitable candidate among the dog(lo+ers, especially :1.???????? who fa+our the larger, mre aggressi+e breeds. 2+ 6ERIOU6 CRIMIAL6
The :%.????????of how we should treat criminals is :1.???????? that almost e+eryone seems to ha+e an opinion :2.???????? . hile some ad+ocates of capital punishment :3.???????? about its effecti+eness, opponents are glad that it has been :4.???????? ;e0cuse the pun) and hope that it will ne+er be reintroduced again. 68
Those in fa+our of the death penalty point out that !eeping offenders in prison is e0pensi+e, it does not pro+ide a sufficient :.???????? to other people and does not deter the criminals themsel+es, as many :!.???????? shortly after being released. The arguments against capital punishment range from those who belie+e we should not be :".???????? and should not inflict pain on other people, to those who say we should not be :#.???????? into thin!ing that !illing someone is a sufficient punishment for murderers, as it means that they do not suffer enough. These people thin! it is better to !eep offenders in :$.???????? and that they should be :1%.???????? to do hard wor! which benefits the community, so that they can suffer some :11.???????? . These people also belie+e that serious criminals should not :12.???????? released early on parole. guess what it all :13.???????? down to is whether you feel any sympathy for :14.???????? , and whether you thin! that they were responsible for their lifestyle choices or whether they were pushed there due to the things that they suffered and e0perienced in their li+es. ow much of our sympathy do they :1.???????? F 3+ THE IMPORTACE O; 'EIG 6PORT5
t is :%.????????multi(million dollar industry and :1.???????? that attracts some of the most talented indi+iduals ali+e, it generates further millions :2.???????? ad+ertising re+enue and has spawned a whole celbrity culture of its :3.???????? . :ut what role does sport play in our ordinary li+esF /ew people are untouched :4.???????? sport. e all ha+e :.???????? fa+ourite football team or tennis player or, at least, support our national sid ein ma7or sporting e+ents li!e the 4lympics. ow can it be, then, that so :!.???????? people actually play sports and that obesity is becoming a ma7or threat in the de+eloped worldF ell, in part, the answer is :".???????? the &uestion. 4besity is not a problem in the de+eloping world :#.???????? participation in sport is still high. True, there may be few organised leagues but children the world :$.???????? still go out to play games li!e football with other children and :1%.???????? this comes the supremacy of countries li!e :raAil in the world of football. $o, what is stopping the :ritish or the %mericansF %fter :11.???????? , they still ha+e organised sports in schools and a myriad of clubs and teams to 7oin in their spare time. hat they :12.???????? to lac! is a public space deemed safe :13.???????? for children to play unsuper+ised and so they are !ept in and encouraged to play +irtually :14.???????? . They may still de+elop a lo+e of sport as spectators but this is unli!ely to do much to lower le+els of obesity :1.???????? the young. *4+ THE MO'ILE MEACE
wonder :%.????????there are :1.???????? young people who can e+en imagine life without mobile phonesF 8+erywhere you go, no :2.???????? what acti+ity 69
you might be engaged :3.???????? , there is almost certain to be somebody close by with a mobile. =inemas, theatres adn opera houses ha+e to as! patrons to :4.???????? phones off before performances and it is not uncommon to ha+e somebody at a nearby table shouting into a phone :.???????? you are ha+ing a meal out. s it really necessary for people to ha+e phones with them :!.???????? the time and to use them as much as they doF 5robably not. owe+er, that is :".???????? to change the beha+iour of a generation :#.???????? ha+e grown up belie+ing that owning and :$.???????? a mobile is a god(gi+en right. Nowadays, it seems, if communication is not instant, it has :1%.???????? +alue. so, would li!e to issue a challenge. @i+e :11.???????? your mobile for a wee!. tal! to your friends face(to(face :12.???????? than by te0t and focus on what you are doing :13.???????? the e0clusion of all else. 8+ery time you thin! about reaching for the de+ice, as! yourselfC -s it really necessary that communicate this :14.???????? of information right now or will it !eepF- ho !nows, you may find that at the end of the wee!, you are both willing and able to li+e a :1.???????? in a phone(free world.
70
PART 38 =OR9 ;ORMATIO Nouns formed from +erbs ( 1 /orm nouns from these +erbsO 1 fail 2 die 3 disco+er go+ern " discuss # compete ' e0plain * !now predict 1 educate 11 grow 12 marry 13 immigrate 1 in+ite 1" pronounce Nouns formed from +erbs ( 2 /orm nouns from these +erbsO 1 choose 2 protect 3 satisfy suggest " reco+er # deli+er ' e0ist * complain e0plode 1 translate 11 lose 12 impro+e 13 cancel 1 belie+e 1" decide 71
Nouns formed from +erbs ( 3 /orm nouns from these +erbsO 1 confess 2 disappoint 3 reduce de+elop " describe # in+ent ' admire * prepare e0amine 1 ad+ise 11 sur+i+e 12 perform 13 possess 1 beha+e 1" in7ure Nouns formed from +erbs ( /orm nouns from these +erbsO 1 produce 2 agree 3 e0plore admit " beha+e # disturb ' arri+e * apologiAe sign 1 ad+ertise 11 introduce 12 entertain 13 resign 1 arrange 1" communicate A? Co/p-ete t)e o--o0in+ senten,es by adaptin+ t)e 0ord +iven in bra,(ets?
1) Naomi and Hurt ha+e three children. Naomi also has a daughter from a 72
pre+ious ________ . ;marry) 2) The film was so ________ . Dou !new e0actly how it was going to end. ;predict) 3) The go+erment is concerned about the significant rise in in ________ . ;homeless) ) t has been ________ pro+en pro+en that stro!ing a cat can lower your blood pressure. ;scientific) ") Than!s to the large ________ from her grandmother 5aula was able to buy a +illa in the south of /rance. ;inherit) #) n the UH it is ________ to sell cigarettes to children under 1#. ;legal) ') Dou can ________ your tea with honey instead of sugar. sugar. ;sweet) *) Dou need to _______ the final final point of the presentation. t-s rather confusing. ;clear) ) The film turned out to be a big ________ . t was was really &uite boring. ;disappoint) 1) The ________ between the city-s two football teams is often &uite fierce. ;ri+al)
'.
1) @iAAy has 7ust won a ________ to a world(renowned uni+ersity uni+ersity.. ;scholar) 2) t-s ________ arguing with them. They are not going to change their mind. ;point) 3) Dou will need your parents- _______ if you want to go on the school trip. ;permit) ) t-s a wonderful restaurant. Breat food and e0cellent ser+ice. e _______ recommend itO ;high) ") Than! you so much for the flowers. t-s +ery ________ of you. ;thought) #) $arah spea!s perfect /rench as she spent much of her __________ in =anada. ;child) ') -+e ________ my wallet. a+e you seen it anywhereF ;place) *) 6on-t forget to ________ the modem when you you ha+e finished using it. it. ;connect) ) :en sul!s li!e li!e a child when he doesn-t get his own own way. way. e-s so ________ . ;mature) 1) 4li+er-s = is truly _______ . e-s bound to get the 7ob. ;impress) &I. Co/p-ete t)e o--o0in+ senten,es by adaptin+ t)e 0ord +iven in bra,(ets?
1) e need to find a __________ to the problem as soon as possible. ;sol+e) 2) Iuan spea!s 8nglish fluently and ma!es +ery few __________ mista!es. ;grammar) 3) The teacher !eeps a record of e+ery student-s __________ . ;attend) ) %ir(conditioning is a ___________ if you li+e somewhere li!e the south of $pain. ;necessary) ") 6on-t be be afraid of the the dog. e-s absolutely __________ . ;harm) #) The company is trying hard to impro+e customer __________ . ;satisfy) ') ?easures were ta!en around the world to __________ airport security after the 11 $eptember attac!s. ;tight) *) e-re going to change our suppliers as they ha+e become +ery __________ in the last year. ;rely) ) 5atricia-s +ery __________ . $he writes writes short stories, paints and ma!es ma!es mosaics. ;create) 1) e need your __________ at the bottom of the page. ;sign) 73
'.
1) The inde0 at the bac! of the boo! is is in __________ order. order. ;alphabet) 2) The fans wa+ed __________ as the film star stepped out of the limousine. ;e0cite) 3) =hic!enpo0 is a highly __________ disease which many people catch as a child. ;infect) ) ?att is +ery __________ . e wants to be number one at e+erything. ;compete) ") arry lo+es cars and he-s so __________ about them. ;!nowledge) #) There is little __________ of the president being being re(elected. ;li!ely) ') The prime minister thin!s thin!s there may be a __________ to o+erthrow him. ;conspire) *) n __________ with To!yo, @ondon and 5aris are relati+ely relati+ely cheap. ;compare) ) The police were unable to to __________ that she had committed the crime. ;proof) 1) The president-s speech went on for so long that almost died of __________ O ;bore) C? Co/p-ete t)e o--o0in+ senten,es 0it) t)e ,orre,t a-ternative in italics . 1) =an you remember!remind me me to collect my suit from the drycleaner-sF 2) %rsenal beat!won =rystal 5alace and so went into the final. 3) Tim-s been been &uite ill lately lately,, so he-s lost!missed se+eral se+eral lessons. ) 4h dearO thin! thin! forgot!left my coat on the train. ") -+e bought this mar+ellous face cream which avoids!prevents wrin!les. wrin!le s. Dou should prove!try itO #) was so e0hausted could hard!hardly stay awa!e. ') Raise!rise your hand if you !now the answer. *) t-s not easy to raise!rise three young children alone!lonely . ) The price of the course has raised!risen by o+er 2". 1) @ast night thie+es robbed!stole the art gallery-s most +aluable painting. 11) $omebody robbed!stole our car last night. 12) 6o you spea! any languages beside!besides 8nglishF 9? Co/p-ete t)e o--o0in+ senten,es 0it) t)e ,orre,t a-ternative in italics. 1) ?y fa+ourite Bree! dish!plate is pastitsio, a casserole of lamb, macaroni and
bechamel. 2) arry en7oys all !inds of musicC musicC roc!, pop, 7aAA, classic!classical . 3) f you-re interested in wor!ing for us please send your = with a co+ering letter to our personal!personnel department. department. ) The nutritionist pointed out that food can ha+e a big affect!effect on on your mood. ") The security guard stopped them at the gate and chec"ed!controlled their their bags for weapons. #) Hate-s husband is a mar+ellous coo"!coo"er . e-s ne+er out of the !itchen. ') hat would would you li!e for desert!dessert F =hocolate mousse or stic!y toffee puddingF *) Nic! won-t be able able to come to the meeting as he has to ma!e an urgent travel!trip to ?ilan. ) %ir travel!trip has become more e0pensi+e lately because of rising oil prices. 1) ow long does your your #ourney!travel to to wor! usually ta!e F 11) e were robbed!stolen while we were on holiday. They too! our money and passports. 12) t was +ery hot out in the garden garden so we sat in the shade!shadow . ID? =OR9 'UIL9IG
1. =hestnut honey pro+ides pro+ ides &uic! and ............. relief.;8//8=T) 74
2. =ome rain, wind or shine these snapdragons gi+e a superb display o+er an ....................... ....................... long period.;8R=85T4N) 3. 6reaming of a beautiful home for your ....................... ........................... .... .;>8T>8)F 8n7oy lifetime ownership of a lu0ury home for an ................. price.;%//4>6) . The post(war decline in beer ...................... ......................... ... was practically halted last year. ;=4N$U?8) ". :etter is a dinner of herbs where lo+e is, than a stalled o0 and ..................therewith.;% ..................therewith.;%T8) T8) #. n the first &uarter of the 1*th century people began to realise the ......................... ......................... of hygiene to public health.;?54>T%NT) health.;?54>T%NT) '. The ....................collapse ....................collapse of the >oman 8mpire lasted for nearly three hundred hu ndred years before its final dissolution in %6 '#.;B>%68) *. IamieLs ....................of ....................of the nightLs e+ents is haAy but the tabloids will refresh his memory. ;>8=4@@8=T) . e are great ........................ ........................ in fate and we belie+e weLre meant to be together.;:8@88) 1. thin! your stylist has ta!en her ...................... ............................... ......... from the rubbish dump. ;N$5>8) 11. The statesmen and a nd scholars ha+e made important impor tant ......................... ................................ ....... on ways ashington could help >ussia control parts of the arsenal. ;$UBB8$T) 12. %fter denying the ........................... ........................... of any recordings of the U/4 abductions, ?r 5resident went on to tal! about the newest ta0 policy.;8R$T) policy.;8R$T) 13. Dour Dour .......................... .......................... to me really rea lly bothers me. told you a hundred times that Lm not the guy you need.;%TT%=) 1. t is an ............................. ............................. fact that the search will go on for another couple c ouple of months.;68ND) 1". The most important feast of slam, 8id ul(%dha ;which means =elebration of $acrifice) mar!s %brahamLs ...................... ...................... to sacrifice his son in ............................... ................................. to %llah with a three(day festi+al.;@@NB< 4:8D) 1#. The monitoring programme is .............................. .............................. well de+eloped in our school.;$58=T%=U@%>) 1'. /or much of the last decade, talyLs leaning tower of 5isa was a huge ....................... .................................. ........... site.;=4N$T>U=T) 1*. hen planning began in 1*, 5rof. 5iero 5ierotti called the rescue effort Sirresponsible ....................... ....................... that would put the tower at ris!.;?%6) 1. 4nce and for all ( fingers crossed ( the leaning tower has been ....................... .................................. ........... .;>BT) 2. ............................. ............................. this morning and was late for my 8nglish classes. ;$@885). 21. The film, though poor in artistic ar tistic +alues, was a ............................. ............................... .. success. ;/N%N=8) 22. The doctor ....................... .................................... ...............my ..my illness as a rare ape(li!e syndrome, ta!ing into ......................... ......................... my strange facial mimics. ;6%BN4$$< =4N$68>) 23. The lower salaries would be a slight ................................ ..................................... ..... from the original pro7ect.;68%T8) 2. t is impossible to ............................ .............................. .. e+erybody. ;5@8%$U>8) 2". There was no ....................... ............................. ...... on her side so he proceeded with his wor!. ;>8$$T) 2#. f you need anything am at your ....................... .......................,, madam. ;$8>8) 2'. ........................... ............................... .... in the wardrobe he waited for her husband to fall asleep. ;68) 2*. Sill you ............................... ............................... your theoryF a curious student s tudent as!ed his professor.;=@8%>) 75
2. e canLt go together anywhere as my holiday doesnLt ..................................with yours.;=4N=68N=8) 3. :ooAing and clubbing( my two fa+ourite $aturday night .............................. . ;%=T8) 31. 4n the alentineLs day got a cordless electric drill with .......................... batteries. ;>8=%>B8) 32. is eyes .......................... with surprise when told him was pregnant. ;68) 33. That was my hubby, the same man who mopped my floors , who won this yearLs ?r Uni+erse .......................... . ;=4?58T8) 3. felt so rela0ed and ............................. when %lan said /orget your husband tonight.L;%TT>%=T) 3". The drawbac! for the great sportsmen is that the satisfaction of ......................................... rarely lasts +ery long. ;%==4?5@$) 3#. hen thugs burst into a manLs flat, beat him brainless with a baseball bat, strangle him, dump him into a bathtub, drain his blood by slitting his wrists and then saw him into pieces, then it is called .......................... ;$%N8) 3'. hite is the colour of ............................... , so ne+er wear it if you are upset about a blo!e( it will only ma!e you feel worse.;@4N8) 3*. /ood li!e bananas and oysters are presumed to be aphrodisiac mainly due to their ..................... to certain body parts. ;>8$8?:@8) 3. 8n7oy nicotine, alcohol and caffeine only in ............................... ;?468>%T8) . is ........................... were not as serious as the pre+ious time. Iust bro!en ribs, dislocated shoulders and sprained an!les.;NIU>8) D? =OR9 'UIL9IG
1. 6onLt ........................O Nothing bad really happened. ;6>%?%) 2. Lm unable to .......................between these perfumes, they all smell the same. ;6//8>8NT) 3. eL+e run out of .......................floss so we must remember to buy some. ;68NT$T) . ?y grandma .............................. a natural ............................ ;68) ". They gi+e her morphine to ...................the pain.;68%6) #. The ...................................... of those mountainous +illages is the greatest achie+ement of this go+ernment.;8@8=T>=) '. ith the ............................ of the soup it was a wonderful meal.;8R=85T) *. er ........................ in helping the poor earned her admiration in the neighbourhood. ;$8@/) . $oa! the dried mushroom o+ernight to ..................... them before coo!ing. ;$4/T) 1. They ha+e always wanted to ha+e a baby, but $ue .................each time she got pregnant.;=%>>D) 11. =hinese coo!ing can be ..........................as spicy.;=%>%=T8>) 12. 6onLt be too hasty to pass .............................on other people.;IU6B8) 13. =ut the carrots ............................. and put them into water.;@4NB) 1. tLs ob+iously ......................... beha+iour for a son to marry his mother. ;N%TU>8) 1". The ................................... of his wor! lies in the materials he uses.;4>BN) 1#. can understand your arguments only ....................................... .;5%>T) 1'. The pregnant woman tal!ed with her husband about the responsibilities of their future .................;5%>8NT) 1*. The ............................o+er, we started serious discussions with the delegates.;5@8%$%NT) 1. er designs might loo! well on paper but they are &uite ...................... 76
;5>%=T=8) 2. =an find a pencil .........................somewhere in this libraryF ;$%>5) 21. li!e him a lot, but Lm not .......................... attracted to him. ;$8R) 22. /eel the ......................... moisturisation ma!es to your hair.;6//8>) 23. ob+iously ha+e +ery strange morals, or lac! of them, because it really doesnLt bother me in the ........................ ;$@BT). 2. %m +ain in the fact that ta!e myself.................... ;$8>4U$)F 2". 5utting your face on T doesnLt ....................... ma!e you famous, it ma!es you ............................ .;N886< >8=4BN$8) 2#. Though ?onsters has a great storyline younger ..................may be confused as some facts are ne+er e0plained.;8) 2'. hat should buy for my girlfriendF UnderwearLs too ob+ious, chocolates are too ......................... and a boo! would be a bit boring.;5>86=T) 2*. t is better to be di+orced and homeless than married and ........................... ;458) 2. 4ff(screen, $imonLs been ma!ing a name for himself in the tabloids as a playboy in .................... !iss and tells by blonde lapdancers.;NU?:8>) 3. $candina+ian legend says that when the son of the goddess /rigga was !illed her tears of ...................... became the white berries.;$4>>D) 31. %fter two months of laser treatment noticed a tiny ....................... and felt a stab of determination. ;?5>48) 32. /ed up with your partnerLs snoringF % dig in the rib is still probably the most .............................;8//8=T) 33. =hec! all bones ha+e been remo+ed from the fish, .......................... the fine pin bones, then place in a shallow dish.;$58=%@) 3. f you canLt scuba di+e, or if snor!elling limits your ................... , ta!e a trip on a glass(bottomed boat to +iew the crystal(clear waters.;8R5@4>8) 3". donLt want my !ids to spend their young years under constant ................. to be the best. ;5>8$$) 3#. =lear the path ahead and free your mind of clutter and negati+e ...................... .;TNH) 1. t-s totally
;understand) that you stayed home when you were sic!.
2. 6on-t laugh at his stupid 7o!esO Dou-ll only them again. 3. That sidewal! is
;courage) him to say
;slip), almost fellO
. %fter ?onday, will no longer be a foreigner(( am recei+ing my ;citiAen)O ". %rthur will be +ery lonely unless you #. 8+ery afternoon, the coo!s dinner.
;friend) him. ;sharp) their !ni+es in preparation for
'. hate being around ?ary @ou, she is so so
;friendly).
*. The stoc! mar!et crash of 12 left my great(grandfather . ha+e a class at *C a.m. but always
;penny).
;sleep).
1. The groom may ;+eil) the bride only when their +ows ha+e been e0changed. 11. thin! we should try something else. That strategy seems way too 77
;ris!). 12. ?y father-s death left me with a great
;empty) in my heart.
13. Beorge . :ush is pretending that he attac!ed ra& to the ra&is.
;liberty)
1. %mericans fought hard to earn their ;free) from :ritain. 1". hen you wor! at a nuclear power plant, you ha+e to be e0tremely ;care). 1#. 8+ery time thin! -+e beaten you, you ;do) meO 1'. had to ta!e three months off when was pregnant, but my boss has been +ery 1*. e will
;understand). ;cor!) the wine as soon as we are ready for dinner.
1. Dou need to wor! on your orthography so you don-t words. 2. The weather
;spell) these
;cast) loo!s bad for a picnic((rainy and windyO
$o fill the spaces, use a word formed with the words in the list below .
$JU%$86 64B $T4>8$ Newspapers ha+e a ;1)................... for what the /rench call Es&uashed dogE stories. n 8ngland, they are Egoldfish emerging from bathroom tapE stories. $uch stories run under the E?an :ites 6ogE ;2)................... . /rom /rance comes the story of an ;3)................... sa+age attac! on an old man near =alais carried out by a swarm of bees. The scenario might ha+e pleased itchcoc!. The +ictim was ;)................... himself in his garden at the time. The firemen were called but were dri+en bac! into their +an by the ;")................... of the insects. %fter " minutes someone arri+ed with ;#)................... clothing and ;')................... . :y then the man sitting in the dec! chair was dead, co+ered in hundreds of stings, most of them on his eyelids. The /rench li!ed the story from @ondon about grafting a pig-s !idneys on to a human patient. They went for the animal rights angle. They li!e the idea of putting a ;*)................... ring round the hospital to repel people who are intent on rescuing the pig from ;)................... . /rom @ondon, too, came the story of the brown paper parcel in @ondon-s main parcel sorting office, a parcel which mo+ed. 5ac!ages do not normally mo+e +ery &uic!ly through the post office at the best of times, but this one was definitely fris!y. % lady customs officer was summoned to R(ray the pac!age. The R(ray re+ealed a ;1)................... reptile called a gila monster wrapped in a soc!. The subse&uent police trail led to a salesman in ampshire whose bac! bedroom was filled with rattlesna!es, lethal liAards, snapping turtles and a python, most of which he had sent himself through the post. 1. fond 78
2. head 3. e0cept . sun ". fierce #. protect '. insect *. secure . member 1. poison % %$T8 4/ B446 8%>T n the middle of ales is the +illage of @ac!erpandy. t has a population of ,".The +illage is rather scattered. t spreads o+er eight !ilometres in each ;1).................. :ut, con+eniently, especially for its ," ;2).................. , it has 13 gra+eyards. Twel+e of these are empty. The ;3).................. is the ;).................. burying ground for @ac!erpandy-s people.The gra+eyards ( that is, the empty gra+eyards ( ha+e a total area of o+er " acres, Dou could grow a lot of potatoes on " acres, as one of @ac!erpandy-s citiAens e0plained. t appears, as a result of a go+ernment ;").................. , that the new gra+eyards were financed by the +illage council. ?ost of the wor! was done by a local ;#).................., a friend of the mayor, and a pri+ate building ;').................. .$pea!ing to the ;*).................. of the ;).................. committee, ?r 6ai Iones, the new mayor, pro+ided an ;1).................. . e said that the old mayor, ?r Tommy 6a+is, had a serious problem. e said, E?r 6a+is was +ery worried about his own death. %nd so, whene+er a new cemetery was suggested, he 7ust couldn-t say no.E 1. direct 2. inhabit 3. thirteen . tradition ". in+estigate #. business '. contract *. law 79
. in&uire 1. e0plain 5%>@%?8NT 5arliament consists of two housesC the ouse of =ommons and the ouse of @ords. The third part of the ;1) ...................... is the ?onarchy, which is of ;2) ................... ;3) ...................... only. The @ords are not elected. % member of the ouse of @ords can inherit his position, or he can be made a member, appointed for his ser+ice to the $tate. The members of the ouse of @ords recei+e no salary for their ;) ...................... wor!. owe+er, they recei+e tra+elling e0penses from their homes to estminster, together with an ;") ...................... ;#) ...................... .The ouse of =ommons is a ;') ...................... ;*)...................... elected by e+eryone o+er the age of 1*. ?embers recei+e a salary for their wor!, and are elected. The =ommons is presided o+er by the $pea!er who is elected by the members immediately after a new 5arliament is formed.8nglish politics ha+e been dominated by two partiesC the =onser+ati+e, or Tory, party, and the $ocialist, or @abour, party. The small @iberal party also has &uite a lot of popularity. owe+er, as 8ngland does not ha+e proportional ;) ...................... , small parties are not +ery ;1)...................... 1. go+ern 2. symbol 3. signify . parliament ". attend #. allow '. represent *. assemble . represent 1. succeed 5B84N 548> Tom Iones, a psychologist, reports a new role for pigeons. %s!ed by a pharmaceutical company to measure the effects of drugs on animal beha+iour, Iones noticed one day that some ' women were employed to chec! flawed capsules. EThat is a 7ob any pigeon could do,E he said, because he !new about the pigeon-s learning ;1)............................ .4n ;2)............................ , capsules left the ;3)............................ line. There, Iones arranged for a bright, narrow 80
beam of light to pass through them. f a capsule was perfect, the light showed a single spot< if it was ;)............................ , the light showed a double spot.n their training, two pigeons were rewarded with food e+ery time they correctly identified a wrong capsule. The e0periment wor!ed. % ;")............................ belt carried the capsules as fast as two a second past the pigeon ;#)............................ , who achie+ed per cent success within a wee!.:ut the company re7ected ;')............................ of the pigeons on a permanent basis. They feared ;*)............................ that might be badC The public might thin! pigeons were not as ;)............................ as humans. E% main obstacle to progress,E commented Iones sadly, E remains man-s obstinate belief in his ;1)............................ o+er other creatures.E 1. able 2. complete 3. produce . perfect ". con+ey #. inspect '. employ *. public . rely 1. superior % :ad /irst mpression There is a saying that first %?????? are generally correct and
?5>8$$
would say that 1?????? , throughout my entire life, ha+e
%@@
found this to be true apart from one notable e0ception of a good friend and neighbour with whom my first 2?????? was
=%NB8
decidedly unfriendly.
%t the time of our first meeting was li+ing in a 3?????? area
685>8
of @ondon, not far from the e0it of a dual 4?????? and this
=%>>D
meant that although it was a residential street, e+en with the ?????? will in the world, dri+ers would often tra+el
B446 81
dangerously fast within inches of my front door. This used to really annoy me and ha+e to admit did often go a bit !?????? in e0pressing my anger e+en though ;or perhaps
because) !new didn-t stand a "?????? chance of being ta!en notice of
:4%>6 >8%$4N
or e+en noticed at all. $o when one day, shouted my usual string of swear words at a rapidly passing car and it immediately screamed to a halt, my first reaction was an enormous sense of #?????? :ut then the dri+er of the car opened
%=88
his window and shouted a stream of swear words bac! at me.
$o the ne0t morning, was more than a little surprised to find an apology note from the same motorist in my mail bo0 e0plaining that in an attempt to $?????? his career as an up and
/%>
coming T 1%?????? he had been dri+ing too fast the pre+ious
=4N$U@T
e+ening and in+iting me to ha+e dinner with him and his wife.
:ridget Iones 6iary a+ing 7ust %?????? reading :ridget IonesL 6iary, feel that
/N$
can 1?????? recommend this boo! to our readers. am not saying
8JU4=%@
that it 2?????? high(brow or e+en that reading it will ha+e a
5>8$8NT
ma7or impact on your life but it is a fun read and +ery popular. t is the story of a young woman li+ing in @ondon in the 1s. $he is single and steadfastly loo!ing for lo+e, absolutely 3?????? with her weight and e&ually concerned
4:$8$$4N
about her 4?????? of alcohol and cigarettes. $he hates her 7ob,
T%H8
her mother is ha+ing a mid(life crisis and she has a crush on a thoroughly ?????? young man.
$UT
t may well remind you of another boo!, an !?????? famous one
8RT>8?8 82
as it happens. t is perhaps one of the best !nown wor!s of "?????? in the 8nglish language. am referring to 5ride and
@T8>%>D
5re7udice, the story of the debonair 6arcy and 8liAabeth whose mother was a total #?????? and who was desperately in need
8?:%>>%$$86
of a good $?????? . ell, This boo! is loosely based on that one,
?%>>D
+ery loosely. $o, you shouldn-t e0pect to ha+e a deep, 1%??????
?8%N
e0perience but if you are loo!ing for something to while away the hours on a long flight, :ridget Iones will do the tric!. =hristmas $hopping 8+en in recent times of financial %?????? , the two months 1?????? up to =hristmas are of great importance to
businesses,
=8>T%N @8%6
in particular, supermar!ets and other 2?????? in
>8T%@
the UH. /or many shops, their 3?????? sur+i+al depends
=4NTNU8
on ha+ing a good =hristmas each year. %nd when large =hristmas profits fail to 4?????? it can often result
?%T8>%@
in the business facing ?????? soon after the New Dear.
=@4$8
4ne more !?????? result of a long lead(up to =hristmas is
/4>TUN8
that o+er the years, the typical :ritish "?????? has
$45
become #?????? immune to the effects of large
N=>8%$8
amounts of $?????? mar!eting. This, in turn, has meant
/8$T%@
that in order to ma!e any impact on customer-s spending, retail 1%?????? now need to ma!e their =hristmas
4UT
displays e0tremely prominent and eye(catching. 64N-T B8T T44 N4@86 The 7ob of being a 7ournalist may loo! to an %?????? li!e it
4UT
is a 1?????? e0istence but in fact nothing could be further
=%>8
from the truth. =o+ering stories on such 2?????? issues as
8B 83
social 3?????? , 7u+enile delin&uency, teenage rebellion and
685>86
people suffering from 4?????? illness re&uires a 7ournalist to
T8>?N%T8
be sympathetic enough to effecti+ely communicate other people-s suffering while maintaining their ?????? detachment.
I4U>N%@
This latter s!ill is especially important when reporting on such a contro+ersial matter as !?????? abuse. % 7ournalist must,
$4@UT4N
from the "?????? put aside any preconcei+ed notions about the
$8T
topic and the people he may encounter. e must clear from his mind any memories that in his younger days he was, or was not &uite #?????? to certain recreational drugs himself, in
5%>T
$?????? for each inter+iew he has to conduct. This is +ital if
>8%6D
he is going to a+oid 1%?????? some crucial point that will ma!e
@44H
his report more insightful and more memorable than all the others on that topic.
/@=8$T8> 5%>%68 hen the /ilchester 5arade $hopping =entre %?????? opened its
/N$
doors the public last month, its owners were 1?????? of the
?N6
impression they might create by showcasing a commercial centre in a time of 2?????? uncertainty. t would ha+e seemed
8=4N4?D
almost 3?????? to mar! the opening with a grand spectacular
?4>%@TD
e+ent of the !ind 4?????? held for such occasions a few years
TD58
ago. /or this reason it was decided to ma!e the first day of business deliberately low(!ey with no big ?????? fanfare,
5>8T8N6
speeches, singing or dancing.
/or this reason the +arious businesses that ha+e retail outlets in the centre were understandably !?????? about their
%NR8TD
first month of business. :ut the no(frills opening seems to ha+e paid off. 6espite a "?????? start in the first wee! the
$@UB$
pace of business has #?????? pic!ed up and it seems shoppers
B>%68
are generally impressed with the brand new, spotless shop 84
fronts, and $?????? wooden(clad e0teriors. owe+er, some
$TD@8
+isitors ha+e e0pressed the opinion that the 1%?????? towers
54NT
at the front entrance of the main building ma!e the centre loo! a bit too much li!e 6isneyland. unting /or Bhosts /or most in+estigations into %?????? phenomena, the following
N4>?%@
hints and tips should be of some use. /irst and foremost, the ghost hunter should be aware of 1?????? weather conditions
5>8%@
as the effects of climate on e&uipment cannot be 2?????? . n
$T%T8
all 3?????? it will not be possible to wor! in an en+ironment
5>4:%:@D
with a total lac! of 4?????? sounds but where+er possible, sources
%?:8N=8
of e0ternal noise should be !ept to a minimum. The site of the haunting is unli!ely to be a hea+ily ?????? recording studio
$4UN6
but many of the recording de+ices we recommend will only really wor! in conditions approaching !?????? silence.
68%6
/irst(time ghost hunters should also be aware of "?????? issues
5>%T8
related to the use of digital or analogue +oice recorders and +ideo and depending on your location, the use of these in public areas could be sub7ect to #?????? .
>8$T>=T86
/inally, we cannot stress enough the importance of remaining sceptical at all times. t would be $?????? for a professional
TNH
ghost hunter to publish an account of a supernatural occurrence without first considering e+ery possible 1%??????
>%T4N
e0planation you can gi+e for what you ha+e recorded. 6 =ards in the UH 4ne of the most %?????? issues in UH politics today concerns
668
the proposed 1?????? of an identity card system similar to
%645T
that already in use in many 2?????? 8uropean Union countries.
N8B:4U> 85
The 3?????? of 6 cards base their arguments partly on the
5>454$8
increased ris! of 4?????? attac!s and the current rise in the
T8>>4>
new crime of identity ?????? . They point to many countries
T8/
around the world who already ha+e such schemes and consider the storing of personal data by the state to be a;n) !?????? part of li+ing in the modern world.
8$=%58
The opponents of their introduction tal! of the "??????
N8=8$$TD
intrusion into people-s li+es and strongly ob7ect to the idea of personal information being stored in a +ast #?????? .
6%T%
They point to se+eral recent cases of the go+ernment-s failure to !eep people-s pri+ate details safe and secure and worry about the $?????? of such data falling into the hands
@H8@D
of criminals. 4ther critics suggest that re&uiring e+erybody to be registered in this way is an erosion of our ci+il 1%?????? and say that such a system is incompatible with
@:8>%@
the idea that we li+e in a free society. ?U$8U? 4/ :%6 %>T The ?useum of :ad %rt is a %?????? owned museum which was set
5>%T8
up to be a 1?????? of art that the owners thin! is -too bad to be
=8@8:>%T8
ignored-. ts two branches, in 6edham ?assachusetts and in $omer+ille display what is 2?????? the worst collection of art in
%>BU8
the world. The museum was founded when anti&ue 3?????? , $cott
68%@
ilson disco+ered a painting protruding from between two rubbish bins on a street in :oston. 4?????? , ilson was only
%558%>
interested in using the frame at first but the painting made a strong ?????? on his friend Ierry >eilly, and when, soon
?5>8$$86
after, ilson rescued another e&ually !?????? wor! of so(called
%B>88
art, the pair decided to start a collection.
%t first they held regular showings in the "?????? of >eilly-s
:%$8 86
house but with the #?????? of many more pieces, they were forced
64N4>
to see! a permanent location and e+entually the collection was housed in a room at the 6edham =ommunity Theatre. Now it was possible for the wor!s to be $?????? and fully
$=>UTND
appreciated by the wider public.
The museum has in the past been criticised for being anti( art, but ilson and >eilly insist that their collection is a celebration of the 1%?????? of the artists, who continued to try
$N=8>8
producing art e+en when it !ept going horribly wrong. 4bsessed ith 4ur :odies >ecently a prominent %?????? wrote in a respected 7ournal that
5$D=4@4BD
he is becoming 1?????? concerned about what he calls the
N=>8%$8
unhealthy 2?????? that we all seem to ha+e with our bodies.
4:$8$$86
e was referring in general to the 3?????? personal fitness and
:44?
cosmetic 4?????? industries who came in for some hea+y
$U>B84N
criticism. :ut he also ?????? the worrying trend among teens
@BT
and e+en younger children which lea+es many of them feeling !?????? with their bodies. e also suggested that too
$%T$/D
much attention is being gi+en in the media to the problem of "?????? , which he personally +iews as a far less harmful
4:8$8
than the feeling of #?????? it lea+es many of us suffering
%68JU%T8
from.
e went on to suggest that a far $?????? approach would be
8%@T
to encourage a general 1%?????? of the di+ersity of the human
%==85T
form while still ad+ising people on e0ercise and diet on a more case(by(case basis. 4ffice @ife
87
had &uite a %?????? 7ob a few years ago wor!ing in a
68?%N6
trade 1?????? . ?y boss there was &uite
%UT4>$8
the 2?????? and demanded complete
58>/8=T
3?????? from e+eryone wor!ing in our department.
5>8=$8
must say, he wasn-t the most popular person in the office as he always thought his 4?????? was superior to that of the rest of the staff.
8R58>T
n fact, he was down right arrogantO remember once at a ?????? meeting where his boss was
?%N%B8
in !?????? , he interrupted e+eryone and made their ideas seem
%TT8N6
to be his own so as to gain fa+our. n fact, he "?????? from his briefcase a complete presentation
5>46U=T4N
that he had ta!en from me from a pre+ious meetingO =an you belie+e thatO #?????? , the head of the department didn-t li!e the idea.
/4>TUN8
That e+ening, was wal!ing down the street and saw a guy $?????? &uite badly down the street.
$T%BB8>
e had definitely been drin!ing. hen caught up to the guy, he turned out to be my boss. must say he is &uite a 1%?????? character.
/4>B8T
$pecialist >e&uired %n e0perienced %?????? waste management officer is re&uired at
T4RN
the ighbridge =ity landfill site for 1?????? lea+e co+er o+er the
?%T8>N%@
ne0t si0 months. e are loo!ing for a 2?????? and hard( wor!ing
68T8>?N8
indi+idual with at least three years- e0perience in either en+ironmental sciences or land 3?????? . The preferred candidate
>8=@%?
will ha+e a flair for 4?????? and e0cellent team(management s!ills
5>4>TD
as a ?????? proportion of the 7ob will in+ol+e coordinating the
$98
wor! of others.
88
The post also in+ol+es a certain amount of public relations, raising local !?????? of the issues surrounding landfill and the
%%>8
damage caused by "?????? organisations and indi+iduals not
$=>U5@8$
complying with current regulations. %t times, you will be re&uired to ta!e legal action against #?????? members of the
=4458>%T8
public or persistent offenders and this will re&uire a $??????
T4UBT
approach along with a familiarity with local 1%?????? laws.
8N>4N?8NT
nterested candidates should apply in writing to the ighbridge =ity =ouncil uman >esources department. The $tudent @ifestyle /or some %?????? reason, uni+ersity students ha+e always had an
8R5@%N
image of being 1?????? irresponsible young people who play their
UTT8>
music at 2?????? +olumes at all times of the day and night, hardly
68%/
e+er do any real wor! and spend e+ery night attending 3??????
6>UNH
parties until the small hours of the morning. 5ersonally, thin! this portrayal of students as such totally 4?????? parasites,
>858@
is ?????? unfair, not least because li+ing such an e0cessi+e
B>4$$
lifestyle continually would be !?????? impossible when combined
5>%=T=8
with the absolutely "?????? wor!loads of modern degree courses.
?%$$
t #?????? isn-t possible on a modern degree course in the UH
$?5@8
to get up some time at around lunchtime. $tudents that !now seem to ha+e lectures almost e+ery day and spend the rest of their time wor!ing $?????? hard indeed. They may let
%8
off some steam once e+ery month or so and it is probably these 1%?????? rare occasions that ha+e gi+en undergraduates
>8@%T8
their fearsome reputation. earing Blasses $ince my early %?????? when to my annoyance, was diagnosed
=@6>8N 89
as being short(sighted while was still in 1?????? school,
NU>$8
ha+e reliably worn my regular pair of 2?????? almost non(stop.
$58=T%T4>$
%t school, to pre+ent any feeling of ine&uality, all children with glasses were obliged to wear 3?????? cheap plastic frames
=4?58@
as part of the school uniform. Not ha+ing a 4?????? strea!
>8:8@
myself, ne+er tried to defy these regulations. %lso, my family ne+er seemed to ha+e a;n) ?????? of money so there
%:UN6%NT
was considerable !?????? pressure on my brothers and to do
5%>8NT$
without such fri+olous e0tra+agances.
%s grew older it was suggested that wearing such unsightly things on my face meant that was "?????? always to remain
68$TND
single and generally to be unsuccessful in my career. :ut ne+er seemed to ha+e trouble in either #?????? and ha+e en7oyed
685%>T
both a lucrati+e wor! life and a long successful marriage.
4ccasionally, though do get annoyed by the idea that the wearing of glasses seems to ha+e entered the collecti+e $??????
=4N$=4U$
as being innately unattracti+e which has in turn forced so many people to 1%?????? o+er the whether to endure the
%B4ND
incon+enience and discomfort of wearing contact lenses. or!ing n % $chool or!ing in a language school is a %?????? interesting, though
68=68
somewhat demanding profession. ith so many people, both staff and students, around, you are e0posed to a wide 1??????
%>D
of 2?????? types. $ince students come and go with
58>$4N
regularity, it is mainly the 3?????? between staff members that
>8@%T8
matter to other staff. The daily 4?????? in the staffroom can
%=T
be a great source of support but it can 7ust as easily accentuate ?????? differences. 4b+iously, there is a lot of
@DNB
self(censorship in any staffroom, a li+e and let li+e !?????? .
?8NT%@ 90
4therwise, the "?????? types would simply ta!e o+er and rule the
%$$8>T
roost with a mi0ture of cruelty and #?????? . %nd of course,
68$=8N6
teachers are generally an open(minded bunch. :ut e+ery now and then, somebody throws caution to the wind and pro+ides enough $?????? to ma!e the most passi+e colleague snap. t might be
5>44H8
said that such confrontations are a;n) 1%?????? side(effect of
%46
the wor!ing en+ironment.
PART 48 =OR9 ;ORMATIO Complete with a word formed from those in the list.
Iohn @ennon @ennon, if he is a symbol of anything, is a symbol of ;1) .......... , of play. e belie+ed you could change the world. f you made the right gesture, a ;2) .......... might ta!e place. is life has become a myth, and high claims are made for him. e said that the :eatles were better !nown than Iesus =hrist, which seemed to =hristian ;3) .......... a ;) .......... and ;") .......... thing to say, but he was probably right. The ;#) .......... thing is that, by his +iolent death, he seems himself to ha+e been ele+ated from musician, from supreme e0ponent of roc! and roll, to the ran! of prophet, shaman, myth. is wife, Do!o 4no, still ser+es as the ;') .......... of the myth, the !eeper of the relics. $he saysC Ee certainly wasn-t a person who !owtowed or tried to preser+e himself by shutting up. t-s a +ery precious thing, thin!, +ery ;*).......... C this man who said it in a way for all of us. 5eople identified with him because he said the truth, especially the truth they could not say.E 1. =@6 ....................... 2. T>%N$/4>? ...................... 3. =U>= ...................... . $8N$8 ...................... ". >8$54N$:@8 ...................... #. >4ND ...................... '. ?%6 ...................... *. =4U>%B8 ......................
91
Northern reland /or thirty years :elfast, the capital city of Northern reland, was di+ided, torn by ;) .......... riots, blasted by car bombs, patrolled by armoured cars. % whole ;1) .......... grew up in the city !nowing nothing else but what the rish ;11) .......... call Ethe troublesE. The place suffered not only from +iolence, but from po+erty, low ;12) .........., lac! of incenti+e, lac! of a future. The young complained of ;13) .......... by the police and security forces. :ut the ;1) .......... by terrorists, =atholic or 5rotestant, could be much worse. The e0ample is gi+en of one 1"(year(old =atholic boy with *" offences behind him. e fled from Northern reland after being told that the >% was waiting at his home. $i0 cushions had been laid out in his sitting room in;1") .......... for a ;1#) .......... shooting ( elbows, !nees and an!les. This was a country where the concepts of law and order no longer had any meaning. . $8=T ...................... 1. B8N8>%T8 ...................... 11. 8U58?$? ...................... 12. 8R58=T ...................... 13. =T? ...................... 1. %>%$$ ...................... 1". 5>85%>8 ...................... 1#. 5UN$ ......................
PART 48 =OR9 ;ORMATIO Complete with a word formed from those in the list. Un0e-,o/e G*ests
Throughout east @ondon, new buildings go up, and unwanted tenants mo+e in, often before the new ones arri+e. The story of >ichard Blan+ille is one e0ample. e e0plainsC EThe flat was 7ust what we wanted and we thought we were luc!y to get it. e snapped it up &uic!ly. The ;1) ............... were still here when we mo+ed in, and in the first few months we had no sign of our new neighbours. :ut then they started to introduce themsel+es. 4ur ;2) ............... were first aroused when our dog started chewing up the edges of the carpet in our bedroom. e thought he was 7ust being deliberately ;3) ................ n fact he was trying to alert us to what lay underneath the floorboards. Ee realised there was something seriously wrong when we were wo!en up at four in the morning by a scratching sound. t seemed to be coming from the wall 92
between the bedroom and the li+ing room. t was a ;) ............... sound ( sharp nails tearing up the ca+ity walls and racing along underneath the floorboards. Ee called in the local health office, and a pri+ate firm. The ;") ............... were ripped up and a programme of poisoning was carried out. ell, the scratching at night stopped. :ut the idea of our new home was ruined. t didn-t feel li!e a home any longer. n the end we 7ust wanted to get out.E n some parts of the capital, there has been an * per cent increase in the number of ;#) ................ There has been a huge increase in the number of ;') ............... restaurants. ?ore rubbish seems to get dumped in the streets than e+er before, and that doesn-t help. 6e+elopers want to get people in as fast as possible, often before the building has been completed and the drains properly connected. %s a result the rats can sometimes be in there ready and waiting for the new ;*) ............... to mo+e in. Unfortunately, a lot of people ha+e an Vout of sight, out of mind- policy towards rodents 7ust because they are ;)............... :ut they pretty soon ma!e their presence felt if nothing is done about them. >ats lo+e house(hunting and they don-t pay rent. 1. :U@6 .............................. 2. $U$58=T .............................. 3. 68$T>4D .............................. . N8>8 .............................. ". /@44> .............................. #. $BT .............................. '. T%H8 .............................. *. 4==U5D .............................. . B>4UN6 ..............................
6/a--er ;a/i-ies
4+er the past two hundred years the family in the western world has changed ;1) ............... n the 1*th century, families were restricted by high rates o f infant ;11)............... and by epidemics of smallpo0 and cholera which carried off children ;12) ............... ith the 1th century, and impro+ed health and hygiene, families of 1, 12 and 1 children became commonplace. The ;13)............... of effecti+e means of contraception, increased ;1) ...............and e0pectations of higher li+ing standards meant that, at the beginning of this century, the nuclear 93
family became the norm. 6espite di+orce, the nuclear family ( mum and dad and two !ids and a tele+ision set ( has remained the ideal to which most people ha+e aspired. Now, howe+er, a completely new family unit has come on the scene, and dad is no part of it. t consists simply of mother and child. The new family unit was greeted in the :ritish popular press under the title, irgin :irth. 4f course, it isn-t. t-s artificial insemination, and is sought by women who see! ;1") ..............., not through the %lmighty, but through medical science. %ccording to one reportC E?any single women ;7ust how many is not specified) want a child without the direct in+ol+ement of a man either in its conception or in its ;1#) ................ %rtificial insemination by donor ;%6) is a simple, cheap and ;1') ............... popular means for them to achie+e pregnancy.E 1. 6>%?% .......................... 11. ?4>T%@ .......................... 12. $%@8 .......................... 13. %>>8 .......................... 1. U>:%N .......................... 1". ?4T8> .......................... 1#. :>NB .......................... 1'. N=>8%$8 ..........................
PART 48 =OR9 ;ORMATIO Complete with a word formed from those in the list . C)e/i,a- Contro-s
The more chemical controls are used, the more resistant the insects and microbes become. %ccording to 6r >obert ?etcalf, professor of entomology at the Uni+ersity of llinois, E$ome strains of insects and microbes ha+e appeared that are ;1) .................. to nearly e+erything in our arsenal. The short(sighted and ;2) .................. use of antibiotics has produced monster bugs. %nd it-s getting worse. 5ests are now &uic!er to de+elop resistance to new ;3) .................. weapons. The earliest ;) .................. li!e 66T were highly ;") .................. for many years. The ;#) .................. of the latest ;') .................. is often measured in months.E obs or t)e 'oys and Gir-s
%merican ambassadors are political ;*) .................., a way of than!ing those who ha+e gi+en time and money to the ;) .................. campaign. Ta!e the e0ample of 6ella Newman, a $eattle real(estate bro!er and friend of Beorge :ush, eminently &ualified to be %mbassador to New 9ealand. er certificate of 94
competence from the $tate 6epartment points outC E?rs Newman-s bac!ground in the real(estate business, combined with her many ci+ic ;1) .................., gi+es her the ;11) .................. &ualities to ma!e her an ;12) .................. candidate for %mbassador to New 9ealand.E ;13) .................. diplomats ha+e been appalled, and someone started to lea! the competence certificates, which are supposed to show that the ambassador will ha+e a ;1) .................. of Ethe country-s principal language, and understanding of its history, culture and political structure.E % $tate 6epartment official commentedC E:y !eeping them ;1") .................. they ob+iously hope to shepherd more tur!eys through the $enate.E 4ne certificate, pro+ided to an operator of fast(food restaurants in Hansas, read in fullC E?r il!ins-s ;1#) .................. bac!ground in business will ser+e him well as the ne0t U$ ambassador to the Netherlands.E
1. >8$$T .................. 2. >8$54N$8 .................. 3. =8?$T>D .................. . N$8=T .................. ". 8//8=T .................. #. U$8 .................. '. %>D ..................
*. %554NT .................. . 5>8$68 .................. 1. =4??T .................. 11. ?%N%B8 .................. 12. 8R=8@ .................. 13. 5>4/8$$ .................. 1. HN4 .................. 1". =4N/68 .................. 1#. 8RT8N6 ..................
95
PART 48 =OR9 ;ORMATIO Complete with a word formed from those in the list . CE6OR6HIP
8ngland has a reputation for being a land free of censorship. % number of e+ents ha+e shown that the ;1) .......................... is not entirely deser+ed. There is political censorship and moral censorship, and both are ;2) ........................... n regard to all ;3) .......................... of censorship, the law is +ague and confused. ere are two e0amples of what might be loosely termed political protest. n the first case, the accused person was carrying a poster which depicted the then 5rime ?inister, ?rs Thatcher, dressed in a blac! slip and ;) .........................., a whip in her hand and with a stiletto heel resting on a !neeling member of her cabinet. The ;") ......................... had to show that the a+erage person would be alarmed or distressed or harassed by the poster. %s there were no members of the public ;#) .......................... a+ailable who would admit to being distressed, two policemen had to &ualify as the +ictims of this hideous ;') ........................... %s all they could admit to was a slight attac! of laughter, the case was dismissed. n a different case, a group of demonstrators were wal!ing down hitehall past the end of 6owning $treet. 4ne of them shouted a few rude, four(letter words and made a (sign, a gesture of contempt, in the direction of No 1, the 5rime ?inister-s residence. %s a result, he was arrested and con+icted of insulting ;*) ........................... f you are going to protest in :ritain, you had better do it &uietly. 1. >85UT8 .......................... 2. 6$=>?N%T8 .......................... 3. %55@D .......................... . $U$58N6 .......................... ". 5>4$8=UT8 .......................... #. >8%6D .......................... '. 5>44H8 .......................... *. :8%8 ..........................
HAR9 LI;E ;OR 6OME 5OUG PEOPLE
:ut you don-t ha+e to go to distant ;) .......................... or Ugandan +illages to find young people in trouble and in need of help. The situation in 8ngland is bad 96
enough, and gi+es little optimism for a ;1) ...................... in the le+el of ;11) ......................... of young across this ;12) .......................... world. %ngela @ambert, reporting for The ndependent newspaper, writes C EThere are at least ", ;13) .......................... people under the age of 2 in @ondon alone, and perhaps three times as many in the whole of 8ngland. %n estimated 2, are s&uatting in derelict ;1) ..........................< 1, are li+ing in hostels< 2, in bed(and (brea!fast hotels< and the rest, if they are luc!y, find temporary accommodation with friends ( usually sleeping on the floor. The ;1") .........................., as is ;1#) .......................... ob+ious to any @ondoner, li+e rough ( sleeping on par! benches, in shop ;1') .........................., and anywhere else they can find. ?any are permanently hungry.E
. 4>5%N .......................... 1. @8$$ .......................... 11. T>8%T .......................... 12. 545U@%T8 .......................... 13. 4?8 .......................... 1. :U@6 .......................... 1". @U=H .......................... 1#. N=>8%$8 .......................... 1'. 644> ..........................
97
PART 750APPE" E/TE/CE 1 The ai of the capai!n is to......................an end to po"ert# in o$r inner cities. The p$rpose of $sin! old fils in the classroo is to........................histor# ali"e for the st$dents. The new water p$p will........................abo$t a si!nificant chan!e in the li"es of the local "illa!ers. 2 There were scratches alon! both.................of # car when %$lia ret$rned it to e. &# other alwa#s......................with # brother whene"er we ha"e an ar!$ent. The coach asked 'rnesto to chan!e................... so both !ro$ps had an e($al n$ber of !ood pla#ers. 3 The...........................of the p aintin! is tho$!ht to be the artist)s other. The festi"al or!ani*ers wo$ld like to point o$t that all ties and dates of e"ents are..........................to chan!e. +oe politicians chan!e the........................rather than answer a ($estion the#find awkward. 4. ,fter sh$fflin! the deck- #o$ need to ........o$t fo$r cards to each pla#er. +oeties #o$ can !et an ecellent ........on epensi"e ites if #o$ are willin! to ha!!le. The war has ca$sed a !reat........of s$fferin! for e"er#bod#. 5. /e cae across a ........while we were hikin! in the ock# &o$ntains. +he does ........an $ncann# reseblance to her other. ,fter his death- she co$ld not........to look at photos of the to!ether. 6 The headaster $st take $r!ent.........................to stop the b$ll#in! that is happenin! in this school. I had to stop and rest before I clibed the final........................of the li!htho$se. If #o$ !et lost in the woods- #o$ sho$ld retrace #o$r......................and !o back to cap. 7 The !ro$p belie"ed the son! ...............a !ood chance of bein! a hit b$t didn)t drea it wo$ld reach n$ber 1. ein! the onl# child with an ,erican accent- I.....................o$t aon!st the other children at school. &# parents.......................b# e all the tie I was in prison and did e"er#thin! the# co$ld to !et e released. 8 /o$ld #o$...............for a c$p of coffee while #o$)re waitin! to see &r /illias $r societ# sho$ld take ore..................... of the elderl# and treat the with respect. &artin doesn)t see to......................that his a!!ressi"e beha" io$r co$ld !et hi into tro$ble. 98
9 olice now do$bt that an#one will......................responsibilit# for the bob that eploded #esterda#. The old lad#)s ....................that she had seen a was ne"er taken serio$sl# b# an#one. If #o$ ha"e an accident and ake a .......................- #o$ will ha"e to pa# ore for f$t$re car ins$rance. 10 &inisters ha"e been told to wait $ntil the orei!n +ecretar#...............a foral stateent before speakin! to the press abo$t the incident. The s$bect of le!ali*in! dr$!s is one of those contro"ersial.....................which is $nlikel# to be resol"ed soon. In the net two.......................of the ational eporter we will be brin!in! #o$ a special report on the health care crisis. 11 o$se prices .....................draaticall# last #ear and the# bo$!ht thesel"es a sall flat near the town centre. I alwa#s tho$!ht that lo"e at first si!ht onl# happened in fils b$t I..............for it the oent I set e#es on her. e................o$t with his father after a bla*in! row and hasn)t spoken to hi since. 12 The resident hi!hli!hted the ...................relationship that eisted between the two co$ntries- who- he said- were now )the closest of allies). elations with ana!eent ha"e not ipro"ed and there)s a...................chance the $nions will call a strike net week. I ne"er liked kissin! # !randother- beca$se I co$ldn)t stand the................ sell of her perf$e. 13 e had a friendl#- open face and she..................an instant likin! to hi. In appearance 'il#..................after her father- b$t she inherited her intelli!ence fro her other. It.....................soe tie to sort o$t o$r arria!e probles- b$t now o$r relationship is prett# !ood. 14 The#)"e had a.............of disa!reeents recentl#- b$t norall# the# !et on fine to!ether. :an #o$ re"erse the car a little ore so we can...................it to the cara"an The whole resta$rant had been booked b# a iddle;a!ed arried ................... celebratin! their sil"er weddin! anni"ersar#. 15 is latest no"el centres on the $neas# relationship between the two co$ntries at the......................of the last cent$r#. The last person I epected to.......................$p at o$r weddin! was # e;bo#friend< I $s$all#...................to # other for help or ad"ice= she)s a better listener than # father. 16 I know that +ion eant................when he corrected # pron$nciation- b$t I tho$!ht it was r$de rather than helpf$l. +he is........................aware of the risks in"ol"ed in b$n!ee $pin!- b$t that)s not !oin! to stop her doin! it. ,ndreas did eceptionall#.......................in his test- eanin! that he ($alifies for a scholarship. 17 I hope to...................this copan# as well as # father has for the last 99
twent# #ears. This pop$lar soap opera is shown in 20 co$ntries and has...................for o"er 15 #ears. The an arrested for the $rder escaped fro the police and is still on the ............... .... ........... . . 18 It str$ck e as....................the wa# that ,ndrew ne"er spoke abo$t his past. ,ll the ho$ses with.......................n$bers are on the other side of the road. In the twent# #ears I)"e been li"in! here we)"e alwa#s had !ood...................nei!hbo$rs. 19 +oe critics of the Internet acc$se it of bein! a..............for corporate ad"ertisin!. The old lad# claied to be a......................who co$ld co$nicate with the dead. The thief is described as bein! of .................. hei!ht and has se"eral tattoos on his neck. 20 e took a week off work with the epress....................... of findin! a new ob. I) s$re Ton# Ton# deleted # file on ..................... ...................- altho$!h he sa#s it was an accident. I don)t ind li"in! at hoe for now as it s$its #........................of sa"in! one#. one#. 21.The police had so $ch e"idence- it was an open and sh$t......... I think we had better lea"e now in........we can)t find a parkin! space. +he bo$!ht so an# so$"enirs- that her ........wo$ldn)t close and she had to b$# a new one. 22 ew >ealand was the first co$ntr# in the world to !i"e woen the................. to "ote. That car has parked...................behind #o$ so be caref$l when #o$ re"erse. I don)t think that finishin! a relationship b# tet essa!e is the..................wa# to do it. 23 :o$ld #o$.................e how to $se this photocopier if #o$ ha"e tie toda# ,ll this rain we)re ha"in! $st !oes to ....................that cliate chan!e is reall# happenin!. If we wait a bit lon!er- I) s$re ?$ri ?$ri will...................$p e"ent$all# with another ec$se for bein! late.
24 @an!ero$s dri"ers do not ha"e the sli!htest ...................for an#one else on the road. +oe of o$r staff ha"e epressed....................o"er the poor li!htin! in the office. &# personal life doesn)t...................#o$ so please stop askin! e abo$t it. 25 'plainin! wh# the soldiers were sent in so ($ickl#- an ar# spokesan said that the sit$ation had.......................for iediate action. The police were.........................to deal with the fi!ht b$t no arrests were ade. The perforance had to be.......................off after fire destro#ed the sta!e. 26 %enn#)s boss asked her to !i"e the tea a brief..................of what she)d seen at the ehibition. /hen bookin! #o$r holida#- please take into .....................the fact that cancellations are char!ed at 10A. @o not lea"e #o$r copan# laptop in #o$r car on an#....................... . 27 $r charit# raises one# for the hoeless and for people in.....................in the 100
inner cit#. eople................... to be ade aware of the additi"es that certain food contains. /e ha"e no.....................of no...... ...............of these to#s now that o$r children ha"e !rown $p. 28. The resta$rant was once fao$s for its.....................food and wine before it started ser"in! b$r!ers. /e walked on thro$!h the........................ rain- slowl# b$t s$rel# becoin! soakin! wet. @espite his lon! fli!ht- 'ric said he felt.........................an d wo$ld be present at the eetin!. 29 'a likes to..................attention to herself b# chan!in! her hair colo$r e"er# week. The ai of the report is to.......................a to.......... .............a coparison between the effects of po"ert# on children li"in! in r$ral and $rban areas. I heard the tai........................$p o$tside # ho$se and knew # father had coe hoe at last.
30 alf the staff in o$r office ha"e..................down with fl$ so the rest of $s are doin! o"ertie. er st#le of writin! eans that her characters.........................to life on the "er# first pa!e. or teena!ers b$#in! clothes- st#le tends to...... ............before cofort. 31 a$l is still $pset abo$t losin! his ob so #o$)ll need to......................the s$bect caref$ll#. caref$ll#. The !o"ernent needs a new.....................to tacklin! !$n crie as their c$rrent polic# isn)t workin!. /ith the...........................of s$er- I noticed the ornin!s !row li!hter and # ood chan!e for the better. 32 If I)"e read the ap correctl#correctl#- this road sho$ld..................$s back to town. ,kiko is a$ditionin! to pla# one of the......................roles in this #ear)s prod$ction of oeo and %$liet. If #o$)re not s$re abo$t table anners in other co$ntries- $st follow #o$r host)s .....................and #o$ won)t ca$se offence. 33. @on)t show that h$!e spider to &iranda or #o$)ll probabl#..................... her to death< The rise in "iolent crie in o$r capital c apital is likel# to.......................awa# to$rists. There was another bob..................in the b$siness district #esterda# and we all had to lea"e o$r offices. 34. Their new...................of clothin! is eant to appeal to a #o$ n!er tar!et !ro$p. There was no point in shootin! at the wolf as it was alread# o$t of................... . rices at the store..................fro the easil# affordable to the etreel# epensi"e. 35 &an# children....................h$n!r# when their fail# is affected b# lon!;ter $neplo#ent. I)"e been in the sae kind of ob for #ears and I)d like to ha"e a...................at soethin! new. new. 101
That beef will ($ickl#...................off in this heat $nless #o$ p$t it in the frid!e. 36 lease........................this eail to an#one in the departent who wo$ld benefit fro a trainin! weekend. Bet)s sit f$rther.......................so we can !et a better "iew of the pla#. , bit ore...................plannin! wo$ld ha"e pre"ented o$r staffin! proble. 37. :o$ld #o$...................for e and answer the phone while I) o$t of the office The book has an $nia!inati"e....................which does not ake #o$ want to pick it $p. The detecti"es were workin! $nder.....................to epose the !an! leader.
38. 1. Tho$!h the o"ie was widel#CCCCCCC.. across the co$ntr#co$ntr#- the sales were a disappointent for the st$dio. 2. or a woan to !et CCCCCCCCCCin the b$siness world sees to be a tall order in predoinantl# ale en"ironent. 3. This web site was sh$t down soon after the Internet pro"ider reali*ed it CCCCCCCCC..etreee "iews incitin! "iolence. CCCCCCCCC..etre 39. 1. It was one of the !an!)s ebers that CCCCCCCCC the a!ent)s co"er as he)d seen hi in $nifor before. 2. eelin! tired- Bind p$t awa# a wa# the book-CCCCCCCCC o$t the candle and went to sleep. 3. +eparatistsCCCCCCCC $p se"eral brid!es in the pro"ince sendin! a "iolent essa!e to the capital.
40. 1. The latest e"idence doesn)tCCCCCCCCC.. the initial ass$ptions. /e /e need to chan!e the wa# we)"e tho$!ht abo$t the process. 2. I) reall# !ratef$l to #o$ for #o$r affection and CCCCCCCCC..I recei"ed thro$!ho$t the reco"er#. reco"er#. 3. :hris had to work hard as he had a wife and three children to CCCCCCCCCCC.. CCCCCCCCCCC .. .
41. 1.I didn)t know abo$t her probles. The# ne"er cae to # CCCCCCC 2. The CCCCCCCCC on the wall of the b$ildin! said )o entr#). 3. It is net n et to ipossible to or!ani*e o r!ani*e relief at s$ch short CCCCCC . /e need soe ore tie to ake it work.
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42. /hen in the p$b- rank $s$all# CCCCCCCCC..$p attracti"e !irls sittin! at the tables which akes his wife see red. 2. I) sorr# I) so b$s# at the oent. I) $p to #CCCCCCC. in work. 3. ?o$)"e !ot to be "er# caref$l doin! b$siness with that $ssian. e)s a bit fish#. I ad"ise #o$ to ha"e CCCCCCCCC in the back of #o$r head. 43.1. I)ll tell #o$ soethin!- %ane. e"er tr$st en. The# onl# offer CCCCCCCC proises which the# don)t keep. 2. @espite his achie"eents- the athlete stron!l# belie"ed that his life was CCCCCCC.. and de"oid of an# p$rpose whatsoe"er. 3. @id the c$stos officers reall# ask #o$ to CCCCCCCC.. #o$r pockets and show their contents
44.1. /o$ld #o$ be so kind as toCCCCCCC.. on the dotted line I need to ha"e #o$r consent in black and white. 2. ,fter $ch deliberation- the president decided toCCCCCCCC.. the new le!islation into law. 3. It took &iria onl# a few da#s to learn the r$dients of CCCCCC. lan!$a!e to help the deaf. 45. 1.The co$ntr# prides itself on ha"in! the ost national parks and CCCCCCCCC.reser"es in the world and has often been !i"en as an eaple for others to follow. 2. iona !a"e the CCCCCCCCCawa# when she be!an !i!!lin! behind his back. This ade hi s$spicio$s. 3. The# were sittin! in the archairs h$nchin! o"er the desk and pla#in! a CCCCCCCC of chess. 46.1. e planned to sta# in the bo with 1000 scorpions for three onths- an act which was s$pposed to p$t all the other entertainers in the CCCCCCC . 2. /hen the s$n reached its *enith- the# swanted to find soe CCCCCCCC. to escape fro its scorchin! ra#s. 3. The artist $ses a cobination of li!ht and CCCCCCCC.. in his drawin!s to hi!hli!ht certain rec$rrin! c#cles in o$r li"es. 47. The !rass on the !olf CCCCCCCC was perfectl# !rooed and beckoned those willin! to ha"e a !ae that ornin!. 2. The D prescribed a CCCCCCCCC.. of inections that was to stop the spread of the infection.
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3. ,fter an a!!ressi"e ad"ertisin! capai!n- the $ni"ersit# saw a stead# flow of candidates enrollin! on the CCCCCCCCC.
5A))E6 SENTENCES or the ($estions- think of one word onl# which can be $sed appropriatel# in all three sentences.
1. /hen three da#s of rain left ost of the site $nder water- the# decided to........off the festi"al. i- Ton#. This is Dordon ret$rnin! #o$r........at se"en fift# on +at$rda# e"enin!. Di"e e a rin! if #o$ fanc# a pint. ,t ($arter to idni!ht- I was ha"in! tro$ble keepin! # e#es open so I decided to........it a da# and !et soe sleep. 2. /hen the boat)s en!ine died- it took hi three ho$rs to swi to........and !et help. The# decided to p$ll down their old ho$se and sell the........to a propert# de"eloper. I shall be waitin! for #o$ inside the terinal b$ildin! when #o$........in +in!apore. 3. There was ($ite a powerf$l earth($ake in # cit# not........after I arri"ed in %apan. ,fter clibin! the o$natin trail for si ho$rs ost to$rists are read# for a........c old drink. 'lectric cars ha"e coe a........wa# since the# first appeared on o$r roads. 4. It sees that )eill#........a false nae when he checked into the otel that ni!ht. In the E it is c$rrentl# possible to b$# a........car for one tenth the price of new one. # the end of the cent$r# we will ha"e........$p all the 'arth)s fossil f$els. 5. It ade e feel reall#........- bein! in the copan# of so an# fao$s- talented people. efore #o$ si!n an# kind of a!reeent #o$ sho$ld caref$ll# read the........print to see what #o$ are coittin! #o$rself to. The new ta will be especiall# $npop$lar with........b$sinesses with fewer than ten eplo#ees. 6. The sell of c$rr# cookin! in the kitchen ade #........water. I) afraid I p$t # foot in #........a!ain and told hi abo$t the s$rprise part#. The port cit# of otterda is sit$ated near the.... ....of the i"er hine.
7. I tired sharin! a ho$se b$t I prefer li"in! on #........these da#s. 104
In the +,- ost people ........a car. The teacher ade the whole class sta# behind beca$se the !$ilt# person wo$ld not ........$p. 8./hen #o$ are re"isin! for an ea- ha"e a........e"er# ho$r or so. ,thletes ........records all the tie these da#s. The# sta#ed $p all ni!ht workin! and onl# stopped at the........of da#. 9. I wo$ldn)t ........on his bein! on tie. e ne"er is. The steward dropped the tra# of drinks when the plane had to ........se"erel# to the ri!ht. ,skin! #o$r own........for a loan is the best place to start. 10. It is alost ipossible to find !ood........these da#s. &ost teachers are willin! to........st$dents after lessons. &en cannot........findin! blonds ore attracti"e. 11. The paintin!s are f$ll of ........and colo$r. It is best to onl# eat a........eal before the race. '"er# tie she looked at the bab#- her face wo$ld........$p. 12. The r$nners ha"e onl# one ore........to !o. ,s a child- I lo"ed sittin! on # father)s........listenin! to his stories. ?esterda#- I ca$!ht # son tr#in! to........$p ilk the wa# he has seen the cat do it. 13. It wo$ld........a nice chan!e if #o$ co$ld do the cleanin! this tie. If #o$ lea"e #o$r "al$ables l#in! aro$nd- soebod# will........off with the. The first fil was coerciall# s$ccessf$l so the# epect the se($el to........a lar!e profit too.
14. It wo$ld........a nice chan!e if #o$ co$ld do the cleanin! this tie. If #o$ lea"e #o$r "al$ables l#in! aro$nd- soebod# will........off with the. The first fil was coerciall# s$ccessf$l so the# epect the se($el to........a lar!e profit too. 15. There)s no........a!ainst people sin!in! and dancin! in the street at an# tie of da#. e)s alread# been in tro$ble with the........se"eral ties in the past. 105
,ccordin! to the........of a"era!es it sho$ld be s$nn# at least one da# a week in the E 16. e was dri"in! at ninet# iles per ho$r in the........lane of the otorwa# when the crash happened. &# watch is fi"e in$tes........so it $st be ( $arter past ten now. &an# people istakenl# belie"e that........food is b# definition $nhealth#. In fact- soe of it can be ($ite n$tritio$s. 17. resident baa)s first........as president was to close the D$antanao detention cap. In........fo$r of +hakespeare)s oeo and %$liet- %$liet learns of the death of her lo"er oeo. +oe reli!io$s people belie"e that nat$ral disasters are an........of Dod to p$nish the wicked. 18. &an# people........it diffic$lt to do two thin!s at the sae tie. The writer /illia +ed!ewick wrote that he didn)t........tr$e happiness $ntil the final two #ears of his life. &an# children are reall# $pset when the#........o$t that +anta :la$s is not real. 19. I onl# had a........eal before the fli!ht so now I) absol$tel# star"in!. The# sat on the beach and looked o$t to sea. ,........wind was blowin! across the waterlea"in! sall ripples. &# other was a "er#........sleeper so whene"er I tried to sneak downstairs in the ni!htshe woke $p. 20.:an #o$ !i"e e a........liftin! this table- please I)"e decided to........in # notice at work. lease raise #o$r........if #o$ want to speak. 21.'n"elopes are $ch cheaper if #o$ b$# the in a........of twel"e. I reall# tho$!ht To lo"ed e- b$t he was $st tellin! e a coplete........of lies. /ol"es prefer to h$nt in a........for safet#. 22. :an #o$........the bab# while I find # ke#s /e need to........a ana!eent eetin! to disc$ss recr$itent. ,re #o$ able to........#o$r breath $nder water for ore than 2 in$tes 106
23.%ohn........the door open to let e thro$!h. I don)t think I can r$n the arathon this weekend as I)"e........a $scle in # le!. The police........e o"er beca$se one of # front li!hts wasn)t workin!. 24.+arah spent a #ear tra"ellin!........+o$th 'ast ,sia. I accepted &att)s arria!e proposal- b$t then decided that I co$ldn)t act$all# !o........with the weddin!. I like to flick........a a!a*ine while I) waitin! at the doctor)s s$r!er#. 25. a"e #o$ noticed that ,da has........a sall o$stache +ales ha"e........b# 10A o"er the past #ear. ,t 25- I think #o$ sho$ld ha"e........o$t of s$ckin! #o$r th$b b# now. 26. In order to !et to the eetin! on tie I will ha"e to !et $p in the........ho$rs. /hen new technolo!# is introd$ced it is often the........adopters who ha"e to deal with technical probles $ntil the# are ironed o$t in later odels. It was not $ntil I was in #........twenties- soon after lea"in! $ni"ersit# that I de"eloped a taste for beer. 27. The plot of the stor# sees to ........aro$nd fro one period in the character)s life to another I was afraid that as soon as the# saw I was a forei!ner- the $r# wo$ld........to the concl$sion that I was !$ilt#. ?o$ reall# ade e........ . lease don)t creep $p behind e like that a!ain.
28. /hat reall# !ets $p #........is people pretendin! to be reall# s#pathetic when in fact the# don)t care at all. The race was neck and neck $ntil ri!ht at the end- one of the horses ana!ed to........ahead of the others. Bast ni!ht on the otorwa#- the cars were........to tail all the wa# fro ristol to ath. 29. I wo$ld sa# #o$ ha"e e"er#........to feel anno#ed at the wa# #o$)"e been treated. Take two tablets at fo$r;ho$rl# inter"als and #o$ sho$ld soon be........as rain a!ain. ,s well as bein! the wife of a fao$s writer- she is also a s$ccessf$l no"elist in her own........ ha"in! p$blished a n$ber of best;sellers. 30. /hen adressin! !ro$ps of #o$n! children- it)s iportant that #o$ don)t........#o$r talk too hi!h for the. 107
If the salesan had entioned soethin! abo$t ener!# sa"in!s in his sales........- I think I wo$ld ha"e fo$nd hi ore pers$asi"e. There was a clearl# written si!n warnin! capers n ot to........their tents too close to the ri"er. 31. %anet rown has been a leadin!........in E politics since the be!innin! of the 1990s. /hen I said I)d be there at ten I didn)t ........on # train bein! dela#ed fort# in$tes b# en!ineerin! work. /hen she said she was bored to detah b# the concert it was clearl# onl# a........of speech. 32. I tired sharin! a ho$se b$t I prefer li"in! on #........these da#s. In the +,- ost people ........a car. The teacher ade the whole class sta# behind beca$se the !$ilt# person wo$ld not ........$p.
33. I know #o$ don)t want to do it b$t will #o$ do it as a ........for e I think ost parents alwa#s ........one of their children. The "ast aorit# of citi*ens are in ........of a chan!e in the law. 34. efore we p$t the prod$ct on the arket- we will........it ri!o$ro$sl#. ?o$ $s$all# need to !et fift# percent of a........ri!ht in order to pass it. e worked for #ears as a ........pilot before !oin! to work for ritish ,irwa#s. 35. The# sa# it is this season)s new ........b$t I think it is $!l#. I will ........into #o$r coplaint personall# and !et back to #o$. +he !a"e hi a ........that co$ld ha"e killed. 36. /e are $d!in! this proposal b# a totall# different........of criteria. The cheescake had failed to........e"en after 12 ho$rs in the frid!e. efore acceptin! an# "ol$nteers- he........o$t clearl# how diffic$lt and dan!ero$s the ission wo$ld be. 37. I don)t ind how bi! the roo is as lon! as it has a ........of the bea$tif$l s($are. /e wo$ld like to coe and look at the ho$se with a........to possibl# b$#in! it. In #........- there is nothin! attracti"e abo$t beards. 108
38. I tired sharin! a ho$se b$t I prefer li"in! on #........these da#s. In the +,- ost people ........a The teacher ade the whole class sta# behind beca$se the !$ilt# person wo$ld not ........$p. 39. There has been a si!nificant ........in prices since the be!innin! of the #ear. If people are oppressed for lon! eno$!h- the# e"ent$all#........$p and re"olt. e !ets a........o$t her tie e"er# tie he entions her red hair.
40. I was in the........of writin! to #o$ when #o$ ran!. The coffee;akin!........is relati"el# siple b$t still fascinatin!. The ebass# will........"isa applications in the ornin!s. 41. It)s ick#)s ........to choose a @F@ for $s to watch. &# street is the third........on the left. +he didn)t epect e"er# p$blisher to ........her book down flat. 42. The rench wo$ld lo"e to........a ore eperienced tea b$t these are the onl# pla#ers the# ha"e. +he is the reco!nised epert in this partic$lar........of science. The children ran thro$!h the........happ# to be back on their !randparents) far. 43.+he was etreel# ........when she saw the ess the children had ade of the roo. In the 19th cent$r# an# illions were forced to ........the ,tlantic to ,erica in search of a better life. +cientists ha"e tried to ........a cael with a horse b$t it didn)t work. 44. &ost people attept to ........$p sokin! se"eral ties before the# finall# s$cceed. +oe st$dents in the class........the ipression that the# $nderstand e"er#thin! when reall# the# don)t. +iona a# not be read# to take the ea b$t she)s said she will........it a !o. 45. &# !randfather li"ed to be a h$ndred despite bein! a........soker for ost of his life. The forces s$stained........losses when the# retook the capital fro the rebels. &arie placed a........obect in front of the door to pre"ent the b$r!lars fro !ettin! into 109
her roo. 46. '"er# #ear anial charities ask people to find a........for one of the stra# cats and do!s that the# resc$e. /hen I told '$!ene to ake hiself at........- I didn)t epect hi to drink # last bottle of "inta!e &alt /hisk#. The in"ention of the di!ital "ideo recorder has ade prod$cin!........o"ies e"en easier than it was before. 47. /hen he said he wo$ld lend e the one#- I half epected hi not to........his word. ?o$ need to........on the ri!ht side of the office ana!er- otherwise #o$ co$ld find #o$rself o$t of a ob. I once saw hilips pa# for soethin! sall with a ten;po$nd note and tell the waiter to........the chan!e. 48. If I see that #o$n! bo# a!ain- I) !oin! to !i"e hi a........talkin! to. e)s ca$sed no end of troble. /hen I lost # caera I tho$!ht it was !one for........- b$t soebod# handed it in to the police and it was ret$rned to e. It)s a........thin! the inspectors didn)t look at the lifeboats too closel#. ne of the)s !ot a hole in it. 49. /hen I was $st a sall........# parents took e to an anial circ$s. I) ebarrassed to sa# I lo"ed e"er# in$te of it. @on)t........#o$rself. ?o$ know he)ll ne"er !i"e the one# back. n rida# afternoons- the st$dents like to........aro$nd for the last ten in$tes of the lesson. 50. :an #o$ !i"e e a........liftin! this table- please I)"e decided to........in # notice at work. lease raise #o$r........if #o$ want to speak. 51. nce I........into # stride- I a able to write "er# ($ickl#. +$*i reall# needs to........her frin!e c$t. I was !oin! to sort o$t # onthl# b$d!et last week- b$t I didn)t........ro$nd to it. 52. iona ne"er........$p for herself and people walk all o"er her. If his b$siness "ent$re fails- Draha........to lose tho$sands. There were so an# book........at the trade fair that I didn)t ana!e to look at the all. 110
53. idin! a bike is ($ite eas#- once #o$ !et the........of it. :an #o$........#o$r acket $p please and not $st lea"e it on the floor. I didn)t reall# want to........$p on ,#- b$t she was so r$de to e that I had no choice. 54. If #o$........#o$r ankle #o$ sho$ld rest #o$r foot $ntil it)s better. :an #o$........the lid off this ar- please I wasn)t !oin! to !o to the part# beca$se I was tired- b$t Eate ana!ed to........# ar. 55.?o$ need to stop beha"in! like a child and........$p to #o$r responsibilities. If #o$)"e !ot soethin! to tell e- #o$ sho$ld sa# it to #........or not sa# it at all. I feel so ill that I can)t........!oin! into work toda#. 56. It was "er#........of #o$ to help with the cleanin!. Thank #o$. There)s a new........of car on the arket that doesn)t b$rn a n# fossil f$els. /hile #o$)re in # ho$se- wo$ld #o$ be so........as to not soke 57. '"er# eplo#ee is entitled to fi"e da#s) ann$al sick........altho$!h ost do not take it. This is :harlie)s answer phone. I) not in ri!ht now. lease........#o$r nae and n$berand I)ll !et back to #o$. @on)t to$ch #o$r sore e#e. If #o$........it alone- it)ll !et better b# itself. 58. &artin)s........perforance in the sei;finals eant that he didn)t ake it thro$!h to the finals. ,fter akin! illions in the cop$ter ind$str#- he de"oted the rest of his life to helpin! the........and need#. I felt so sorr# for hi. +$ch a........little bo# with nobod# to take care of hi. 59.@on)t........so worried. The inection reall# won)t h$rt at all. T$rn left into Dlo$cester oad and........o$t for a petrol station on the left. &# ho$se is $st after that. B$ckil#- the doctor took one........at e and iediatel# he knew I needed s$r!er#. 60. ,s soon as we et- we !ot on like a........on fire and si weeks later we were arried. Deor!e is o"in!........net weekend so I don)t think he)s !oin! to ha"e $ch free tie. It was ($ite diffic$lt to find an art !aller# lar!e eno$!h to........a fort#;etre lon! work of art. 111
61. If #o$ let #o$r dinner !o........- it won)t taste so !ood and #o$ won)t want to eat it. I was warned that the 'n!lish are........and $nfriendl# b$t so far I)"e fo$nd e"er#bod# "er# welcoin!. Bast rida#- I went down with a........and had to spend the whole weekend in bed. 62. +he chan!ed her ind at the........in$te and decided not to arr# hi. e didn)t e"en sa# thank;#o$< That)s the........tie I help hi< The batter# doesn)t ........lon! on # obile. perhaps I sho$ld !et a new one. 63. The police think he)s the one that stole the car- b$t the# don)t ha"e eno$!h e"idence to........hi. The children were r$nnin! aro$nd the $se$ with no;one in........of the. It onl# takes 30 in$tes to........$p this new obile. 64. er career reall# took off when she pla#ed the........role in a roantic coed# in the )80s. The car was in the........for ost of the race- b$t then de"eloped en!ine tro$ble and finished fifth. e warned the !o"ernent that pa# increases wo$ld........to ob c$ts for workers. 65. The# pla#ed cards to........the tie while the# waited for their dela#ed fli!ht. The !o"ernent is !oin! to........a new law to ban sokin! in p$blic places. @on)t worr#- #o$ can)t........on the disease b# snee*in!. 66.The *oo)s open all #ear........- ecept for :hristas @a#. lease !i"e a bi!........of appla$se for o$r !$est speaker- forer + president- Deor!e / $sh. The farer has so an# sheep- it takes hi half a da# to........the $p. 67. If #o$ $st wait there- I)ll find a waiter to........#o$ to #o$r table. e likes to........off b# dri"in! ro$nd town in his new orsche. a"e #o$ seen that new ($i*........on TF The top pri*e is two illion po$nds< 68. I tired sharin! a ho$se b$t I prefer li"in! on #........these da#s. In the +,- ost people ........a car. The teacher ade the whole class sta# behind beca$se the !$ilt# person wo$ld not 112
........$p. 69. e is not a well;known writer b$t he has prod$ced a lar!e........of work. The police fo$nd the ........in the woods. the win!s of the plane were in pieces b$t the ........was still intact. 70. The ea is diffic$lt b$t a........st$dent will alwa#s do well. :oin! o$t of t$nnel- the# fo$nd the li!ht too........and had to stop and sh$t their e#es. +oe lan!$a!es ha"e separate words for colo$rs like........pink or red. 71. It was "oted the best in the copetition b$t ........I don)t a!ree. e is "er# sensiti"e ; he sho$ldn)t take e"er#thin! so......... It was a s$rpirse when she showed $p........$st to sa# thank#o$ to $s all. 72. I didn)t see the )o arkin!)........and so # car was claped. +he is the kind of woan #o$ $st ne"er........in a crowd. ,ltho$!h he hated his boss- he worked o$t his........in f$ll. 73. &an# woan spend $p to twent#;fi"e percent of their salar# on........prod$cts. ,fter her dreadf$l beha"io$r at the part#- %a#ne sipl# co$ldn)t........an# of her friends for weeks. n the........of it- it looks like a !reat offer. 1. lease tr# to keep the pict$res inCC. , aorCC.of si new ships will !$arantee the copan#Gs f$t$re. +oe of the naes on the list are o$t ofCC. 2. /ithin CC..- I realised I was in the wron! train. +hall we hear theCC.of the last eetin! /e waited $ntil 20 CC.to ten and then we left. 3. e asked for a secondCC.. &# aid isCC..e with the babies. eGd been CC.hiself to one# fro # p$rse for onths. 4. TheCC.to s$ccess is f$ll of diffic$lties. The /eather ser"ice iss$ed a warnin! to people in theCCof the h$rricane. The# followed theCC.$ntil the# cae to a !ate. 5. The cart was p$lled b# a CC.of oen. ,ll the pla#ers perfor well indi"id$all# b$t the# see a little lackin! inC.. It was a real C..effort; e"er#one contrib$ted to the s$ccess of o$r proect. 6. /e p$t an ad"ertiseent in the newspaper to C..the water The lect$rer reall# doesCC.#o$r powers of end$rance - he is so borin!. The achine is desi!ned to C..peopleGs hearin!. 7. The doctor proised that these pills wo$ld CCCthe pain. 113
If it willCC..#o$r ind- IGll speak to the boss for #o$. ,t last the rain be!an to CC.off. 8. TheCC&r. %oned wo$ld ha"e lo"es to see #o$r perforance. The trains are r$nnin! 15 in$tesCC e didnGt recei"e reco!nition $ntilCCin life. 9. @iane is 12 #ears her h$sbandGs C.. &# son is atC..school. &# ob is to s$per"ise people who areCCto e. 10. /e sho$ldnGt C..to concl$sions abo$t the ca$se of the proble. ?o$Gll ha"e toCCif #o$ want to catch it. There has been a 25A.....in profits.
114
PART 8 E5 =OR9 TRA6;ORMATIO6 hat ga+e you the impression that $ue and Iac! were going to split upF -ed
hat wasWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW. that $ue and Iac! were going to split upF 2. tried as hard as could to ma!e sure that this problem would not arise. po0er
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWthis problem from arising. 3. don-t thin! it was reasonable of you to complain so much about the ser+ice. *stiied
don-t thin! you WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..fuss about the ser+ice. . The audience suddenly started to applaud loudly. s*dden
%llWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW. from the audience. ". f you hadn-t changed our original agreement, e+erything would ha+e been fine. or
ad WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWour original agreement, e+erything would ha+e been fine. #. e decided to stay for longer because we were so thrilled by the place. pro-on+
e decided toWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW. we by the place. '. =ompetitors were amaAed by how shrewdly he conducted his business affairs. 115
/arve--ed
=ompetitors WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.which he conducted his business affairs. *. Dour attitude to life would be greatly impro+ed by regular e0ercise. 0onders
>egular e0ercise would WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWat life. . f Tony hadn-t interfered, there would ha+e been no problems yesterday, -m sure. or
adWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWyesterday, -m sure. 1. is beha+iour at the conference ga+e him the bad reputation he now has. ,ond*,ted
The wayWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW. in the bad reputation he now has. 11. er wor! didn-t meet the standards that were considered acceptable. ,onor/
er wor!WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.. acceptable standards. 12 The film was so contro+ersial that it was banned in se+eral parts of the world. ,a*se
$uch WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.. that it was banned in se+eral parts of the world. 13.-ll ha+e to consider wor!ing abroad if an opportunity doesn-t arise here soon. near
Unless an opportunity presents WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW. future, -ll ha+e to consider wor!ing abroad. 1. wanted to ma!e sure that all my good wor! wasn-t wasted in that way. 0astin+ 116
wanted to pre+ent WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.in that way. 1? Iohn has hinted that he doesn-t wish to remain in the group any longer. )int
Iohn has ........................................................................ wishes to remain in the group. 1#. They still ha+en-t found out what caused the accident. ,a*se
They ha+e yet ..................................................................................... the accident was. 1'. %nthony wasn-t at all discouraged by this bad e0perience. P*t
This bad e0perience ................................................................................................. least. 1*. The company lent us an apartment as part of the deal. -oan
%s part of the deal, we were ............................................................. by the company. 1. 1 always en7oy this film, no matter how often see it. tire
owe+er ............................................................................................................... this film. 2. nefficient treatment of customers creates a bad impression of the company. re-e,ts
Treating customers with a lac! ................................................................ the company. 21. The organiAers planned e+erything as carefully as they could possibly ha+e done. *t/ost
8+erything was planned ..................................................................... by the organiAers. 117
22. 1 promised him that the situation would not be repeated in the future. 0ord
................................................................. no repetition of the situation in the future. 23. 1 tried not to get in+ol+ed in that situation. /iFed
tried to a+oid ........................................................................................... that situation. 2. 1 had to go to an e0pert and as! her to ad+ise me. see(
was forced ................................................................................................e0pert. 2" ithout your assistance, could ne+er ha+e done this 7ob so well. assisted
ad ......................................................... , could ne+er ha+e done this 7ob so well. 2# e denied the accusation uncon+incingly, which made me thin! he was guilty. -ed
is ........................................................................................ belie+e that he was guilty. 2' :eing ine0perienced was a disad+antage to her when she applied for promotion. ,o*nted
er ............................................................................... when she applied for promotion. . 1. 8lectricity is getting +ery e0pensi+e these days. cost The _____________ and higher these days. 2. Unemployment has risen considerably o+er the last eighteen months and the go+ernment is under pressure to find a solution. increase The go+ernment is under pressure due to _____________ o+er the last eighteen months. 118
3. The minister-s resignation from the go+ernment was caused by the disco+ery of his role in the financial scandal. led The disco+ery of the minister-s role in the financial scandal _____________ the go+ernment. . 4h, there you areO didn-t e+en !now you had gone outO unaware _____________ fact that you had gone out. ". 6on-t get in+ol+ed in this Iohn, it has nothing to do with you. !eep This has nothing to do with you so _____________. #. really can-t understand why he can-t finish the pro7ect on time. baffled am really _____________ to finish the pro7ect on time. '. ?r. 8dwards was sac!ed partly because of his arri+ing late to wor!. contributed ?r. 8dwards- constant lateness _____________ from the company. *. Dou can-t 7ust suddenly decide to go on a safari. Dou need to plan things +ery carefully. spur Boing on safari isn-t a decision you can ma!e _____________ moment. Dou need to plan things +ery carefully. . 1. $he wants nothing less than to get that 7ob. t would be a dream come true. set $he has _____________ getting that 7ob. 2. f they e+er disco+er your role in the incident, you will go to prison. light f your role in the incident _____________, you-ll go to prison. 3. arry plays tennis much better than do. nearly am not _____________ tennis player as arry is. . :oth candidates for the 7ob are strong. They are both e&ually good. hardly There is _____________ the two 7ob candidates. ". That child is twice as tall as he was two years ago. doubled That child-s _____________ in the last two years. #. %s soon as arri+ed at the pub, a fight started. sooner No _____________ a fight bro!e out in the pub. '. There were +ery few people who understood what the professor said in the 119
meeting. +irtually There _____________ who understood what the professor said in the meeting. *. The ban! robbers had disappeared completely by the time the police arri+ed. sign There _____________ robbers when the police arri+ed. . 1. Bi+e me a call only if you ha+e to buy gas for the car. run Unless _____________ gas, don-t call me. 2. atch the new secretary carefully this wee! to ma!e sure she doesn-t ma!e any big mista!es. eye Heep _____________ secretary this wee! to ma!e sure she doesn-t ma!e any big mista!es. 3. Dou shouldn-t be surprised at He+in winning that tournament. come t _____________ that He+in won that tournament. . There is no doubt at all that the go+ernment will win the election. conclusion t is _____________ that the go+ernment will win the election. ". This is certainly not the last time you will be needed here on a $unday. means t is _____________ you won-t be needed again on a $unday. #. hate+er happens, don-t let anyone into the building without proper identity. circumstances _____________ should you let anyone into the building without proper identity. '. f it wasn-t for your arrogance, you would ha+e gotten your promotion a long time ago. but _____________ arrogance, you would ha+e gotten your promotion a long time ago. *. presume you are coming to the party ?iriam. read =an _____________ you are coming to the party ?iriamF . 1. Dou are not a bad lawyer ?artin, but don-t thin! it is a +ery suitable 7ob for you. cut 7ust don-t thin! you _____________ a lawyer. 2. don-t ha+e the foggiest idea whether he will be coming or not. whatsoe+er ha+e _____________ he will be coming or not. 120
3. e failed the e0am as he didn-t wor! as fast as the rest of the class. pace is failure was blamed on his inability _____________ rest of the class. . 8+eryone is criticising the go+ernment for its poor unemployment record come The go+ernment _____________ o+er its unemployment record. ". e was always going to lea+e that house after the di+orce was finalised. bound e _____________ the house after the di+orce. #. don-t find it at all surprising that nobody came to the party. wonder t-s _____________ nobody came to the party. '. 6on-t tell anyone else what told you about 8liAabeth. !eep _____________ yourself what told you about 8liAabeth. *. 4ur boss is absolutely determined not to gi+e us that pay rise. intent 4ur boss _____________ the pay rise. . 1. could only afford that house because of the loan you ga+e me. lent ad _____________ money, wouldn-t ha+e been able to afford the house. 2. Dou don-t ha+e to come and see the new house if you don-t wish. obligation Dou are _____________ and see the new house if you don-t wish. 3. Dou should ha+e seen the boss as soon as you arri+ed. Dou !new he wanted to see you. supposed Dou _____________ boss when you arri+ed. . $he is already married and you !newO wish you had told me. might Dou _____________ she was marriedO ". went in to wor! for an hour e+en though !new it was a holiday. not need _____________ in to wor! but did anyway. #. The headmaster will gi+e a priAe to the top student of the year. awarded The _____________ a priAe by the headmaster. '. 5olice arrested Iohnson because they thin! he was in+ol+ed in the robbery. suspicion Iohnson was detained _____________ in the robbery. 121
*. Dou don-t need to concern yourself with the new ta0 laws till 4ctober. effect The new ta0 laws _____________. .$o that he would be able to lea+e the room &uic!ly, ?atthew stood by the door. positioned
?atthew WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..as to be able to lea+e the room &uic!ly. 1. ha+en-t been told clearly what -ll ha+e to do in my ne0t pro7ect at wor!. re*ired
t hasn-t been madeWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.. me in my ne0t pro7ect at wor!. 1. The car was damaged beyond repair in the crash by one of Iohn-s friends. =ROTE
4ne of Iohn-s friends in the crash. 2. @i+ing together before getting married is still frowned upon by some, e+en in this day and age. ATTACHE9
8+en nowadays there is still before marriage. 3. The latest polls indicate that @abour and =onser+ati+e ha+e an e&ual chance of winning the election. EC
The latest polls indicate that @abour the =onser+ati+es. . The reason $imon had to go to court was to try and gain the legal right to !eep his children. ;IGHT
$imon had to go to court his children ". /ailure to pay a large ta0 bill resulted in Iane ha+ing to close down her company. 9ECLARE9
Iane after failing to pay a large ta0 bill. #. =utting down on their spending is the first thing that comes into my head. 6PRIG6
The first thing they should cut down on their spending. '. There was no &uestion that the >angers were going to win the final as the >o+ers were so far behind. HA96
t was ob+ious that the >angers were going in the final. *. N%$% ha+e decided to postpone sending the roc!et into space. LAUCHIG
N%$% ha+e decided that they will the roc!et into space. . The inter+iewers will assume that you ha+e found out something about the company and the 7ob. GRATE9
The inter+iewers will that you ha+e found out something about the company and the 7ob. 122
1.Dou can try as hard as you want but am sure you will not sol+e the problem. HO=E&ER
am sure that you will not sol+e the problem. 11. The doctor has two other people to see before you, so suggest you fill in the forms while you are waiting. MEATIME
The doctor has two other people to see before you so to fill in the forms. 12.Dou will ha+e to study much harder if you want to pass the e0am. 9EAL
Dou will ha+e to if you want to pass the e0am 13.>unning the half(marathon was not nearly as difficult as $ally had imagined. O=HERE
>unning the half(marathon was as $ally had imagined. 1.e still ha+e to ha+e a full e0amination of the causes of the failure for legal reasons. ;ULL5
The causes of the failure ha+e still for legal reasons. 1".There are at least fi+e passwords to type before you can get into the system. ;E=ER
8ntry to the system fi+e passwords. 1#.nitially, e+erybody belie+ed his story but now they thin! he was lying. UP
e is now the story. 1'.Ianet was +ery unpleasantly surprised to learn she had lost her 7ob. 6HOC
t to Ianet to learn she had lost her 7ob. 1*.Iames found ?artin-s beha+iour unusual. 6TRUC
?artin-s beha+iour odd. 1. didn-t mean to say such nasty things about your country ( -m sorry. TAE
-m sorry. about your country. 2.f ?ichael hadn-t been so good at repairing things, the boat would ha+e sun!. PRE&ETE9
4nly ?ichael-s great ability the boat from sin!ing. 21.f we all use less energy, we may 7ust sa+e the planet. CUT
f we all we may 7ust sa+e the planet. 22.eroni&ue lo+ed her 7ob before ?adelaine 7oined the company. OL5
t was the company that eroni&ue stopped lo+ing her 7ob. 23.6on-t worry. 4f course she will agree to marry you. IMAGIE
6on-t worry. refuse to marry you. 2.?y father-s new boss will decide whether or not we must mo+e abroad. hether or not we my father-s new boss.
123
2".-Dou too! my bag, didn-t you HerryO- said =aroline TAIG
=aroline accused bag. 2#.Dou really mustn-t smo!e in the school. MU6T
Under smo!e in the school. 2'.-ell done for passing your =%8 e0am =harlie-, said @iA COGRATULATE9
@iA =%8 e0am. 2*. had only 7ust fallen asleep when the phone rang and wo!e me up. 6OOER
No the phone rang and wo!e me up. 2.--m so sorry -m late Hate-, said Iulie APOLOGI6E9
Iulie late 3.-The theft of the e0am answer sheet wasn-t down to me-, said Iohn 9EIE9
Iohn the e0am answer sheet. 31. only remembered that hadn-t put a stamp on the letter after had posted it. 9I9
4nly after that hadn-t put a stamp on it. 32.-6ri+ing on the left in 8ngland is really difficult for me-, said :en. 9RI&IG
:en wasn-t on the left in 8ngland. 33.:uying a laptop was a real mista!e because the !eys are too small for me. E&ER
wish a laptop because the !eys are too small for me. 3.f you should see arry this afternoon, could you tell him that need to spea! to him, pleaseF HAPPE
f you arry this afternoon, could you tell him that need to spea! to him, pleaseF 3".$heila decided to stay in 8ngland for her holiday because her new boyfirend doesn-t li!e flying. ACCOUT
$heila decided to stay in 8ngland for her holiday her new boyfriend doesn-t li!e flying. 3#.5edro realised during the first fi+e minutes of the e0am that he should ha+e listened more in class. ATTETIO
5edro realised during the first fi+e minutes of the e0am that he should ha+e in class. 3'.$ince she had the twins, she has ne+er been so tired. E&ER
$he is suffering since ha+ing the twins. 3*.The goods in %merican shops are a lot more e0pensi+e than you realise because you ha+e to add on the ta0. 9EAL
The goods in %merican shops are than you realise because you ha+e to add on the ta0. 3.The desserts in this restaurant are the +ery best ha+e e+er eaten and no mista!e. 124
6ECO9
The desserts in this restaurant and no mista!e. .The moment saw the hotel pool, no longer felt so tired. 6OO
forgot saw the hotel pool. 1.%fter # months of study, we are +ery close to becoming fluent at 8nglish. 'RI
e are becoming fluent at 8nglish, after # months of study. study. 2.t-s e0tremely difficult to get into uni+ersity without school &ualifications, these days. &IRTUALL5
t-s uni+ersity without school &ualifications, these days. 3.:ecause of all the traffic, our 7ourney to the airport too! a +ery long time. PAI;ULL5
4ur 7ourney to the the airport , due to all all the traffic. .The economic crisis will be +ery bad for small businesses. 6PELL
The economic crisis small businesses. ". as!ed for a refund since the ser+ice in the restaurant was e0tremely poor.. 6O
f the ser+ice hadn-t ha+e as!ed for a refund. #. would ne+er want to lea+e my pet dog, >o+er. PER6UA9E
Nothing could my pet dog >o+er. '.?arcus attended so few classes o+er the last month that he was unable to get his +isa renewed. POOR
?arcus-s +isa renewal was refused due o+er the last month. *. !now it was a bad idea to include my telephone number on the ad+ertisement. PUT
really oughtn-t on the ad+ertisement. .Dou can tal! to animalsF 6on-t be ridiculousO -+e ne+er heard anything so absurd. O;;
Dou can tal! tal! to animalsF O -+e ne+er heard anything so absurd. ".f you re+ised for the test, why did you fail to get any answers correctF COME
f you re+ised for the test, to get any answers correctF "1. ne+er got on with my geography teacher at school. e 7ust told us really boring things about farming techni&ues for hours on end. RAM'LE9
ne+er got on with my geography teacher at school. e about farming techni&ues. "2.%lthough lo+e my brother dearly, he-s the first to admit that he-s not e0actly a genius. 6HARPE6T
%lthough lo+e my brother dearly, dearly, he-s the first to admit that that he-s not the drawer. "3.The 7ourney was problematic, than!s to the awful traffic conditions. PLAI
The 7ourney , than!s to to the the awful awful traffic traffic conditions. 125
".The notion that cosmetic surgery will become the norm seems rather unrealistic to me. ;AR
The notion that cosmetic surgery will become the norm seems to me "".t would be a waste of time to go to the gym after drin!ing alcohol. O
There-s to the gym after drin!ing alcohol. "#. find the prospect of crashing my car absolutely terrifying. 6HU99ER
happen if crashed my car. "'.e are afraid that the ne0t train to =ardiff has been cancelled. REGRET
e the ne0t train to to =ardiff =ardiff has been cancelled. "*.- was going to phone $arah but had too much homewor! to do-, said Iohn MEAT
Iohn said that but he-d he-d had too much homewor! to do. ".?any people thin! that Bone with the ind is one of the greatest films e+er made. 'E
Bone with the ind ind one of the greatest films e+er made. #.%ndrew wishes that he had gone to uni+ersity when he was 1*. GOIG
%ndrew when he was 1*. #1.f you hold your breath for a few seconds it might get rid of your hiccups. HOL9IG
Dou might be able to get rid of your hiccups if you for a few few seconds. #2.%nna didn-t li!e it at all when one of her colleagues got the promotion instead of her. RE6ETE9
%nna the promotion instead of her. her. #3.Dou shouldn-t go to @ondon for the day because it-s too far. GOIG
t-s not for the day because it-s too far. far. #.Tal!ing to Iim about the problem is pointless because he won-t listen. U6E
t-s no about the the problem because he won-t listen. #". will ha+e to as! you to lea+e the restuarant if you insist on ma!ing so much noise. EEP
will ha+e to as! you to lea+e the restaurant if you noisy. noisy. ##.The most li!ely reason for the class failing the e0am is that they ne+er did any homewor! at all. PRO'A'L5
f the class had done more homewor! they the e0am. #'. lo+e going on holiday but it really depresses me when ha+e to go bac! to wor!. GET6
lo+e going on holiday but when ha+e to go bac! to wor!. #*.The doctor-s surgery continues for an e0tra hour until se+en thirty on alternate days of the wee!. OTHER
The doctor-s surgery continues for an e0tra hour of the wee!. 126
#. don-t thin! it was an easy decision for $arah to ma!e, turning down the 7ob. TUR
$arah must ha+e the 7ob. '.The new computer programme is really a lot more useful than the ones we ha+e had before. MO6T
The new computer computer programme is by by one we ha+e ha+e e+er used. '1.5ierre and enri both find reading e&ually difficult but 5ierre is more careful when answering &uestions. U6T
enri as 5ierre, but 5ierre is more more careful when answering the &uestions. '2.f he didnt- feel he had to loo! after his aged mother, %lan would mo+e abroad. 9UT5
f it weren-t towards his aged mother, mother, alan woul dmo+e abroad. '3.?arcel wants to go somewhere new on holiday but want to go bac! to the same place again. RATHER
?arcel wants to go somewhere new on holiday but bac! to the same place again. '. am happy to allow them to do whate+er they want to do. O'ECTIO
ha+e whate+er they want to do. '".Ianet couldn-t attend the meeting, so ilary than!ed e+erybody in her place. 'EHAL;
ilary than!ed e+erybody who couldn-t attend the meeting. '#.Dou can only open your seatbelt when the plane has come to a complete stop. UTIL
Dou must the plane has come to a complete stop. ''.The company profits ha+e increased a lot o+er the course of the last year. ICREA6IGL5
The company o+er the the course of the last year. '*.To e+eryone-s surprise ?arie sur+i+ed the operation and made a complete reco+ery. O996
%gainst a complete success and she went to ma!e a full reco+ery. './ewer and fewer families ha+e pets nowadays. COMMO
t is ha+e pets nowadys. *.e can go to the cinema or to a restaurant, really don-t mind. 9I;;ERECE
t whether we go to the cinema or a restaurant. 1 This is your third warning from me this wee! about being late for wor!. N4T This is the third time this wee! WWWWWWWWWWWbe late for wor!. 2 thin! %nita must ha+e gone on a diet recently because she-s &uite slim now. %$ t loo!s as if %nita has beenWWdieting because she-s s he-s &uite slim now. 3 always hated pasta when 1 was a child but now coo! it regularly. 127
U$8 didnLt use to li!e WWWWWWWWWWpasta when was a child but now 1 coo! it regularly. went to ha+e my own loo! at the apartment and 1 couldn-t understand why my friend wanted us to li+e in such a depressing placeO $88 a+ingWWWWWWWWWWWW..myself, couldn-t understand why my friend wanted us to li+e in such a depressing placeO " e wanted to continue our mountain tre! but the weather was too bad. @H8 eWWWWWWWWWWWon with our mountain tre! but the weather was too bad. # want to inform you that was not satisfied with the standard of ser+ice in your hotel. 8R5>8$$ wouldWWWWWWWWWWWWWWwith the standard of ser+ice in your hotel. ' wanted to stay in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. $44N8> WWWWWWWWWWWWWW..in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. * 6idn-t you want me to tell the staff about your resignationF >%T8> ouldWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWthe staff !now about your resignationF
1 didn-t stop worrying about the wild animals until we were safe inside camp. 4N@D t wasWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.safety of camp that $topped worrying about the wild animals. 2 $te+e-s one topic of con+ersation is the time he spent as a pilot. 88> The time he spent as a pilot WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..about. 3 %fter arri+ing at the airport, we realiAed that our passports were still at home. UNT@ tWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWat the airport that we realiAed our passports were still at home. hen ?ichael-s boat began to sin!, he sent a signal for help. 66 hen ?ichael-s boat began to sin!, what WWWWWWWWWWWWWW..a signal for help. " mmediately after 8mi &uit her 7ob, she boo!ed a pac!age tour around 8urope. %6 %sWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..in her notice 8mi boo!ed a 5ac!age tour around 8urope. # don-t get on +ery well with many people but hit it off with Iason straightaway. T44H don-t get on +ery well with many people but Iason WWWWWWWWWWWW. other straightaway. ' was impatient to get home because the holiday was such a disaster. %T The holiday was soWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWto get home. * was hoping not to ha+e to share a tent with anyone else on the camping trip. 128
T4 was hoping wouldWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..myself on the camping trip but had to share. 1 %s didn-t want to disappoint my parents, agreed to go to medical school. @8T NotWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..my parents, agreed to go to medical school. 2 %fter deciding he would lea+e home, 8nri&ue immediately began searching for an apartment. 68=$4N a+ingWWWWWWWWWWWWlea+e home, 8nri&ue immediately began searching for an apartment. 3 ?a!e sure you loo! after your bag in this cafeE as there are many thie+es around. 8D8 suggestWWWWWWWWWWWW..your bag in this cafeE as there are many thie+es around. Dour chances of being affected by eye(strain and bac! in7ury increase with the amount of time you spend in front of a screen. @H8@D The more time you spend in front of a screen, theWWWWWWWWWWW.from eye(strain and bac! in7ury. " ith that bad cold you won-t be able to help us so ta!e the day off wor!. U$8 ith that bad cold you-llWWWWWWWWWWWW.anyone so ta!e the day off wor!. # hen Iames heard that his father had left all his money to his brother he did not find it surprising. %$ tWWWWWWWWWWW..to hear that his father had left all his money to his brother. ' feel certain that there will be a new go+ernment after the election. :4UN6 n my opinion, thereWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..of go+ernment after the election. * ?ost employees used to be proud of wor!ing for the same company all their li+es but not anymore. 5>68 ?ost employees noWWWWWWWWWWW..wor!ing for the same company all their li+es. 1 %t Ieremy-s lea+ing party, his boss made a speech and said he hoped Ieremy would ha+e a good future. :8$T 129
%t Ieremy-s lea+ing party, his boss made a speech and wishedWWWWWWWWWWW..the future. 2 4ur attempts to persuade $o7i to continue his studies weren-t successful and he left uni+ersity early. ?8T 4ur attempts to persuade $o7i not to gi+eWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.no success and he left uni+ersity early. 3 The inter+iewer told :elinda that he would write to her to inform her whether her application had been successful. HN4 The inter+iewer told :elinda that he would WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW writing whether her application had been successful or not. t-s possible that the shops will sell all their bottled water so we should buy all we need now. =%$8 e should buy all the bottled water we need now WWWWWWWWWWWWW out of it. " f we don-t stop the sale of tiger products now, it-s possible there will be no more tigers left within the ne0t ten years. 4T8>$8 e need to stop the sale of tiger products now WWWWWWWWWWWW..out within the ne0t ten years. # 8+en though 6iego didn-t !now any /rench at all, he managed to communicate with the 5arisian ta0i dri+er. $NB@8 6espite WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/rench, 6iego managed to communicate with the 5arisian ta0i dri+er. ' Tom-s tutor told him that more effort was re&uired in order to pass the course. ?%68 Tom-s tutor told him he would fail the course WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.effort. * wish hadn-t let ?a0 borrow my money because none of his in+estments has shown a profit. N88> ought WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWmy money to ?a0 because none of his in+estments has shown a profit. 1 e would li!e you to pay for the deli+ery of this special order before you recei+e it. / e would appreciate WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.ad+ance for the deli+ery of this special order. 2 $cientists thin! that there is nothing on that planet to suggest there is any life there. 130
$BN %ccording to scientists, there appears WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.life on that planet. 3 hen caught my boyfriend reading my emails, told him felt he had in+aded my pri+acy. %N hen caught my boyfriend reading my emails, told him regarded it WWWWWWWWmy pri+acy. t is now 2 hours since ?r illiam-s boat san! and people thin! there is little li!elihood he will sur+i+e. =%N=8$ t is now 2 hours since ?r illiams-s boat san! and his WWWWWWWWW..to be slim. " regret not ha+ing the feeling of achie+ing anything after reaching the summit but was too e0hausted. $8N$8 wish WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.after reaching the summit but was too e0hausted. # Iane really wants to ha+e e+eryone loo!ing at her e+ery time we go out in a group. :8 Iane can-t helpWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW attention e+ery time we go out in a group. ' hoped to persuade the boss of the benefit to me of going away on a camping trip for ten days. 4U@6 hoped to persuade the boss that a WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW.me good. * %lthough the 7ob meant that he earned money regularly, Tony did not en7oy it. >8BU@%> %lthough the 7ob pro+ided himWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW..of income, Tony did not en7oy it.
131
Test * Multiple Choice Cloze *or =estions 1612 read the te4t and then select the correct answer A ! C or ". There is an e4ample below5 @) A reason ! P>I/T C fact " logic Phobias
(he @-B ... of Pho"ia 0&areness ;ee! is to highlight the difficulties that many people @1B ... in everyday situations. It is important to @2B ... "et&een a fear and a pho"ia. It's @3B ... usual for all of us to have our o&n peculiar fears9 for e/ample "eing an/ious around sna!es or nervous a"out flying. o&ever9 only a very small proportion of us actually have a pho"ia of these things. ;hen these fears "egin to @#B ... you em"arrassment or you feel that your life is "eing disrupted then you &ould "e &ise to @$B ... treatment for &hat could potentially "e a pho"ia. y far the most @B ... pho"ia and potentially the most disruptive is agorapho"ia. (he &ord derives from >ree! and @)B ... means 'fear of the mar!etplace' "ut &e apply it today to descri"e a distressing @+B ... in &hich people @,B ... going outside "ecause of the a&ful feelings of an/iety that arise. (reatment of pho"ias usually consists of the patient @1-B ... "ehavioural therapy during &hich they gradually get used to "eing near the o"5ect or the situation that causes them fear. rugs may "e @11B ... to treat an/iety and many people opt for alternative therapy such as acupuncture or hypnosis to help them come to @12B ... &ith their fear and con8uer it. 1 2 3 # $ ) + , 111 12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
face choose very cause e/plore standard precisely illness dodge undergoing released acceptance
confront distinguish a"solutely ma!e hunt average specifically condition avoid ta!ing issued terms
C C C C C C C C C C C C
meet select 8uite create search normal literally disease miss e/periencing certified realisation
7oin Pic! (ruly >ive ee! Common /actly In5ury lip oing Prescri"ed Comfort
pen Cloze *or :estions 161% read the te4t below and type the word which best fits in each space. 8se only one word in each space. There is an e4ample below5 @) is tress
tress @-B ... often called a 21st century illness "ut it has al&ays "een &ith us if perhaps @1B ... different names. (hese days &e regard stress @2B ... a necessary evil of modern living. 4et stress is not negative and &ithout @3B ... &e &ould not e n5oy some of the highpoints in life @#B ... as the anticipation "efore a date or the tension leading @$B ... to an important match. 0ll these situations produce stress "ut @B ...
132
you can control it and not the other &ay @)B ... you &ill feel stimulated9 not &orn @+B ... %nli!e these situations9 &hich are generally positive and easier to deal &ith9 sitting in a train @,B ... is late9 @1-B ... stuc! in a traffic 5am9 &or!ing to a tight deadline are @11B ... harder to manage and control. tress is no& recognised as a medical pro"lem and as a signficant factor @12B ... causing coronary heart disease9 high "lood pressure and a high cholesterol count. Patients are often un&illing to admit to stress pro"lems @13B ... they feel they are a form of social failure and it is important that symptoms @1#B ... identified in order to avoid unnecessary suffering. o &hat should &e "e loo!ing out for as danger signals6 Common signs of stress are increased tiredness9 irrita"ility and @1$B ... ina"ility to cope &ith certain situations.
;ord *ormation Read the te4t and then write the correct form of the word on the right. There is an e4ample at the beginning5 @) 'nowledge Trn A
It is not @-B unusual to ma!e a ho""y pay for itself even if initially you had no @1B ... of turning it into a "usiness. epending upon the ho""y9 the necessary @2B ... can "e e/pensive and the idea of @3B ... offering items up for sale can at the very least help pay for the ho""y. *or those loo!ing to ma!e a profit on their @#B ...9 these days an audience for products can range from the local to the truly glo"al. ome ho""yists "egin "y donating a piece of &or! to a @$B ... sale 5ust to see ho& 8uic!ly and @B ... it sells. =ocal shops can "e the ne/t outlet for items9 often the step ta!en "y those ma!ing things li!e handEmade greetings cards for instance. 0nd for the truly am"itious9 &e"sites li!e eay ena"le the ho""iest to reach a @) B ... audience. 0s &ith any "usiness idea9 an honest @+B ... should "e underta!en regarding the demand for the &or! and the price the customer is prepared to pay in @,B ... . o&ever9 do not forget the degree of personal @1-B ... as &ell.
%%0= I<(< H%IP CC0I<
CA0(
C0AI(4 PA*I(
;A= 0PPA0I A0= 0(I*4
>apped entences *or :estions 16% thin' of one word only which can be sed appropriately in all three sentences.
Could you do me a ........and hold the door open &hile I "ring in the shopping6 0ll those in ........ of the proposal please raise your hand. 0fter "eing out of fashion for years the painter is no& in ........ &ith the critics. /ample: *0D%A =1
7ohn has 5ust ta!en up the ........ of Mar!eting Manager at a local college.
133
e put me in a really difficult ........ as!ing for money &hen he !no&s I'm not very &ell off. (he yoga teacher told everyone to remain in a standing ........ for 3- seconds. =2
0pparently9 the police are going to ........ the man &ith assault follo&ing that fight the other &ee!. I couldn't get the car to start this morning and finally had to ........ the "attery as it had gone flat. (he company have "een as!ed to su"mit a proposal outlining ho& much they &ill ........ for the consultancy &or!. =#
uring the tutorial I &as as!ed to give my........ of the portrayal of the main character in the film. (here &as a &onderful ........ from the hotel &indo&9 &hich loo!ed out over "eautiful countryside. ur son couldn't see the game as his ........ &as "loc!ed "y the people in front. =7
I had a real ........ of achievement &hen I passed the e/ams and got my degree. I don't see the ........ of going all the &ay into to&n &hen &e can "uy the dress locally. Paul has a great ........ of humour and al&ays has everyone in the office in fits of laughter. =%
It &asn't my ........ E the vase 5ust fell off the ta"le. (here &as a ........ &ith the computer and &e had to ta!e it "ac! to the shop to get it repaired. (he manager is al&ays finding ........ &ith people and complaining a"out the 8uality of their &or!.
'ey' ;ord (ransformations *or :estions 16; complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence sing the word gi+en. "o not change the word gi+en. 9o mst se between three and si4 words inclding the word gi+en.
1. 0pparently9 the restaurant in to&n has "een "ought out "y someone else. %<A I hear the restaurant in to&n ......................................... 2. arah cried her eyes out immediately she &as told she'd failed her driving test. A arah ........................................ soon as she heard she'd failed her driving test.
134
3. (he >overnment recently said our pro"lems are the fault of the &orld&ide economic slo&do&n. P=0C (he >overnment have ........................................ the &orld&ide economic slo&do&n for our pro"lems. #. 4ou led me to "elieve the 5o" &as mine if I &anted it. IMPAI< I ........................................ that the 5o" &as mine if I &anted it. $. e &ould never have guessed that at the age of 1) he &ould "e playing for his country. =I((= ........................................ that at the age of 1) he &ould "e playing for his country. . *eel free to telephone if you have any further pro"lems. C0== o not ........................................ if you have any further pro"lems. ). ;hen you do decide &hat you &ant to do please let us !no&. MI< ;hen ........................................ &hat you &ant to do please let us !no&. +. o you mind if I come over to see you later6 7C(I< o you ........................................ coming over to see you later6
T'+T 2 Multiple Choice Cloze *or =estions 1612 read the te4t below and decide which answer A ! C or " best fits each space. There is an e4ample below5
@-B
0
series
I8E C
programme
release
ond Ad+ice for &angage &earners
0 recent @-B ......... of a language learning magazine has consulted a num"er of e/perts in the @1B ........ of second language ac8uisition. (heir advice may prove invalua"le for those @2B ........ a language course. ne suggestion is that you @3B ........... &hether you are li!ely to "e successful at learning a language. id you en5oy studying languages at school9 for e/ample6 o you have enough time to learn a language6 (he ma5or @#B ........ &ill "e your o&n time and effort. (herefore you must ma!e sure that the course on offer leads to a @$B ........ 8ualification. 0lso9 "e realistic in your @B ...... . If you don't set achieva"le aims you are more li!ely to give up. o not "e deceived @)B ........... thin!ing that the most e/pensive courses are the "est. @+B ........... around to get the "est possi"le value for money. 4ou should also "ear in mind that the 8uic!er you learn a language the more 8uic!ly you forget it. andra Miller9 a *rench teacher9 tried to teach herself >erman "y enrolling on a @,B .......... course. 0lready fluent in four languages and &ith a sound !no&ledge of teaching methodology her chances of @1-B ............ progress &ere high. (hree years @11B ........ she remem"ers very little. he feels her "iggest mista!e &as not to follo& @12B ............ her first e/perience. I should have consolidated &hat I'd learn "y continuing to study9 even if it &ere "y myself. 1 0 domain
"ranch
C field
area
135
2 0 3 0 # 0 $ 0 0 ) 0 + 0 , 0 1- 0 11 0 12 0
&ondering assess charge recognised sights "y
thin!ing revie& cost understood ends a"out Push crash doing for&ard on
C loo!ing C "alance C price C valued C o"5ects C into C Aun C 8uic! C gaining C from C through
considering survey valuation regarded goals in hop fast ma!ing on&ard out
pen Cloze *or :estions 161% read the te4t below and write the word which best fits in each space. 8se only one word in each space. Pre6
(hat fragment of pottery9 that little piece of "one or the remains of an early human tool are @1B ... often the only evidence &e have of our early history. o&ever9 @2B ... a conse8uence of the &or! of archaeologists and others in this field9 &e have @3B ... the years "uilt @#B ... an e/tremely good understanding of early human development. (his is the case @$B ... the fact that there is no &ritten evidence of the period &e term PreEistory. @B ... is startling to note is that this period9 &hich predates the invention of &riting9 accounts @)B ... ,,J of human e/istence. It &as @+B ... this time that discoveries that shaped the human race &ere made9 early settlements created that @,B ... to "ecome our ma5or cities and @1-B ... general &as the time &hen the very foundations of human civilisation &ere laid. (he evidence of our preEhistory can "e found every&here9 from remnants of human e/istence "uried deep in the ground @11B ... ancient path&ays and "urial grounds. (he first and easiest place to start your e/ploration of prehistory is of @12B ... your local museum9 particularly @13B ... you are interested in discovering more a"out the area &here you live. 4ou may @1#B ... have a local archaeological group that &ould "e prepared to let you &or! @1$B ... a volunteer.
;ord *ormation Read the te4t and then write the correct form of the word in CAPITA& to complete the gaps. There is an e4ample at the beginning5 @) 'nowledge 21st Centry (or'place
(he economy of the 21st century &ill "e "ased on s!ills and @-B ... according to a recent report. (he study sho&s that throughout this century there &ill "e more 5o"s in the &or!place for those &ith @1B ... and the right s!ills9 and fe&er 5o"s for those &ith none. (he "est @2B ... &ill "e one that can demonstrate a level of academic or @3B ... achievement that can ena"le the individual to support their CD &ith evidence of desira"le personal 8ualities. 0s @#B ... and technological advances ma!e typical &or!ing practices redundant @$B ... employees &ill need
<; H%0=I*4 MP=4 DC0(I< >= PAPC(
136
to sho& various personal attri"utes. 0s &ell as &anting people &ho are fle/i"le9 companies are also loo!ing for evidence of @B ... It is also @)B............ necessary to "e an e/cellent communicator as the ma5ority of @+B ..... ma!e their profits from the s!ills of people selling their goods as much as from the producers themselves. (he ne& economy is here to stay and unless "usinesses sho& the @,B ... to adapt they may find they are @1-B ... according to the authors of the report.
00P( I0
;I== %(0I<
>apped entences *or :estions 16% thin' of one word only which can be sed appropriately in all three sentences.
Could you do me a ........and hold the door open &hile I "ring in the shopping6 0ll those in ........ of the proposal please raise your hand. 0fter "eing out of fashion for years the painter is no& in ........ &ith the critics. /ample: *0D%A =1
In the not too ........ future many of the diseases &e suffer from today &ill "e eradicated. I'm a little &orried a"out teve lately as he seems so ........ and in a &orld of his o&n. (he story follo&s the hero as he travels to ........ gala/ies in search of other life forms. =2
I am &riting &ith ........ to our recent meeting on 21st May. I thin! students in other countries seem to have more ........ for teahers than they do here. (he match has "een cancelled out of ........ for the death of our previous Manager. =#
(hey are planning to postpone their houseE&arming ........ till the spring &hen the &eather is nicer. (here is little support &ithin the ........ for a change of leadership and most politicians seem happy to support the Prime Minister. (he restaurant got very "usy &hen a coach ........ arrived full of people travelling to the coast. =7
9 I have time to ans&er one more ........ and then I'll move onto the ne/t item. (he press are calling into ........ >overnment claims that the crime rate has fallen and point to latest research figures as evidence that this isn't true.
137
(he company claim there is a"solutely no ........ of ma!ing any"ody redundant as "usiness has never "een "etter. =%
I'm driving into to&n and can ........ you off at the station if you need a lift. Can &e 5ust ........ the su"5ect and tal! a"out something else9 please. >ardeners "e &arned that temperatures are li!ely to ........ to "elo& freezing tonight.
'ey' ;ord (ransformations *or :estions 16; complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence sing the word gi+en. "o not change the word gi+en. 9o mst se between three and si4 words inclding the word gi+en.
1. o& can I ma!e him understand that I don't &ant to see him any more6 0CA o& can I ......................................... that I don't &ant to see him any more6 2. Parents predict chaos in schools unless the stri!e is called off. A%=( Parents claim it ........................................ the teacher's stri!e goes ahead. 3. Police are &arning people to chec! for forged notes &hich are currently in circulation. =%( Police are &arning people to "e ....................................... forged notes &hich are currently in circulation. #. If you must "e noisy could you go outside and play. I<I( If you ........................................ noise could you go outside to play. $. It's possi"le that they got the &rong idea and thought the party &as ne/t &ee!. A0C (hey might ........................................ conclusion and thought the party &as ne/t &ee!. . It &as a mista!e not to &rite the telephone num"er do&n. PI<( I should ........................................ &riting do&n the telephone num"er. ). 0pparently9 they're planning on rerouting the traffic to reduce congestion. A0;< Plans ........................................ reroute the traffic to reduce congestion. +. Can you possi"ly get me the &or! as soon as possi"le. 0PPACI0( I ........................................ you could get the &or! to me as soon as possi"le.
TET # 138
Multiple Choice Cloze *or =estions 1612 read the te4t below and decide which answer A ! C or " best fits each space.
head so customs course evade e/isting various concern scatter enticing may level
feet 8uite ha"its something prevent topical several pro"lem circulate attractive could erect
C eyes C all C rituals C moves C avoid C contemporary C considera"le C trou"le C disseminate C irresisti"le C &ill C vertical
hands rather practices action restrain current numerous fuss distri"ute tempting should upright
pen Cloze *or :estions 161% Complete the following article by writing each missing word in the space. 8se only one word in each space. Thai *ood
139
versions of (hai dishes at home. ne of the things that ma!es (hai coo!ing @)B .......... a challenge is the sheer variety of types of dish. (hai food lies "et&een Chinese and Indian cuisine9 &ith influences @+B .......... urma9 Cam"odia and Malaysia9 each of @,B .......... has had an effect on (hailand at different stages of @1-B .......... history. ome of the ingredients come from @11B .......... afield. Chillies9 to give @12B .......... one e/ample9 are originally from Central and outh 0merica "ut &ere incorporated 8uic!ly @13B .......... the national diet. (a!en all @1#B ..........9 these influences from a"road have @1$B .......... (hai coo!ing a strongly regional set of cuisines.
;ord *ormation Read the te4t and then write the correct form of the word on the right5 People of the *orest
(his (D @-B ... documentary follo&s a family of chimpanzees &ho live in the forest of (anzania. et in @1B ... scenery the programme gives us a fascinating insight into the life and social @2B ... of these creatures.
C%M<( PC(0C=
@3B ... &e humans share ,+J of our genes &ith chimpanzeesK indeed9 they are our closest relative in the animal @#B ... and scenes in the documentary offer clear evidence of our @$B ... . (he focus of the film is on *ifi and &e first see her as a @B ... fiveEyearEold &ho spends all her time annoying her younger "rother. Mean&hile9 the older male chimps seem to "e involved in an endless fight for @)B ... . 0nd it is no suprise to learn that &hile all this is ta!ing place the females are left to deal &ith the dayEtoEday @+B ... matters.
0PP0A
Ma!e sure you set aside an hour to &atch this. (he @,B ... splendour of the location ma!es this programme &orth&hile vie&ing9 although our @1-B ... to these animals &ill ma!e you thin!.
0C(I<
I<> IMI=0A P=04 %PAM A>0>A0P4 =I
>apped entences *or :estions 16% thin' of one word only which can be sed appropriately in all three sentences.
Could you do me a ........and hold the door open &hile I "ring in the shopping6 0ll those in ........ of the proposal please raise your hand. 0fter "eing out of fashion for years the painter is no& in ........ &ith the critics. /ample: *0D%A =1
(he local council have commissioned a local artist to create a statue in ........ of the late Prime Minister. (his compuer is so much faster since &e added e/tra ......... I have difficulty remem"ering things from &ay "ac! and have no ........ &hatsoever of much "efore the age of five.
140
=2
(he police have sealed of the crime ........ &hilst forensic tests are carried out. In the opening ........ of the play &e see the t&o lovers ma!ing plans for their &edding. ur reporter is at the ........ no& and &e can spea! to her live no&. =#
(om has his o&n legal ........ in the centre of to&n. I haven't ridden a "i!e for years so I'm pro"a"ly a "it out of ......... e &as telling me ho& much he's loo!ing for&ard to leaving college and putting the things he's learnt into ......... =7
Can you !eep an ........ on my "ags &hile I pay for the tic!ets6 er eyesight &as failing and she &as having real pro"lems threading the cotton through the ........ of the needle. ;e are loo!ing for someone &ho has an ........ for design and &ho &ill "e a"le to contri"ute creatively to the team. =%
4ou're ........ to choose &ich module to study as long as there are no timeta"le clashes. (he service is entirely ........ of charge although they are al&ays happy to receive donations. I've "een completely ........ from pain since I had that tooth out last &ee!.
'ey' ;ord (ransformations *or :estions 16; complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence sing the word gi+en. "o not change the word gi+en. 9o mst se between three and si4 words inclding the word gi+en.
1. 4ou could have "een seriously in5ured not &earing a seat "elt. (I< 4ou should ......................................... seriously in5ured not &earing a seat "elt. 2. ;ould you give us your ans&er as soon as possi"le. C
141
I ......................................... &hen my colleagues organised a fare&ell party on my last day. $. It's not li!ely to happen "ut if you're not satisfied &ith the product &e'll refund your money. D<( ........................................ that you are not satisfied &ith the product your money &ill "e refunded. . It's one thing to thin! there's a demand for your product and another to actually ma!e a sale. ;A= (here's ........................................ "et&een thin!ing there's a demand for your product and actually ma!ing a sale. ). I'm sure &e &ent the &rong &ay at the last 5unction. (0< ;e must ........................................ at the last 5unction. +. I'm so sorry9 I didn't realise it &as so late. (A0C orry9 I ........................................ time. For each space, give the letter of the most suitable of the words given below. In the Advanced English paper, the time for this exercise would be 15 minutes. Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the @1B............. in area9 although its @2B............. is only some 2$ million9 most @3B............. in a 2--Emile strip @#B............. the southern "order. ver 2$ per cent of the @$B............. num"er live in the three main cities. (he northern areas of the country are almost uninha"ited e/cept for @B............. settlements. Canada is @)B............. a rich country9 and its national @+B............. per capita is the fifth highest in the &orld9 "ut its economy in recent years has "een rather @,B............. 9 "ecause of the varied nature of &hat it does. ver the last three years9 the Canadian economy has "een hard @1-B............. "y falling oil prices and "y @11B............ % interest rates. (his has @12B............. to a steep fall in industrial production E "y as much as a fifth since 1,+1. ome economists no& thin! Canada is on the @13B............. to recovery9 though more cautious spirits say that no @1#B............. can "e e/pected until there is a @1$B............. to lo&er interest rates in the %0.
-1. -2. -3. -#. -$. -. -). -+. -,. 1-. 11. 12. 13.
0. earth . planet C. &orld . glo"e 0. people . residents C. population . num"er 0. residing . living C. stay . inha"it 0. do&n . along C. "eside . near 0. a"solute . total C. all . complete 0. isolated . farEfetched C. separate . distant 0. fundamental . &idely C. overall . "asically 0. product . resource C. production . manufactures 0. seedy . patchy C. spotty . scratchy 0. affected . hit C. pushed . hammered 0. lifting . rising C. mounting . ascending 0. caused . moved C. amounted . led 0. ascent. . clim" C. mount . road
142
1#. 0. uplift . cheer C. recover . improvement 1$. 0. tendency . shift C. lift . hi!e For each space, give the missing word. In the Advanced Certificate, the time for this exercise would be 15 minutes. 0>00/E B
@-1B....................... the anniversary of the artist's "irth9 Dan >ogh's unflo&ers &as sold for @-2B....................... under L2$ million at the fine art aunctioneers9 Christie's9 in =ondon. It &as one of a num"er of paintings @-3B....................... the theme "y the artist9 another version hanging in the allery9 =ondon. (he price &as triple the previous @-#B....................... of L+ million paid in 1,+$ for Mantegna's 0doration of the Magi. 0t least l "idders competed for the painting9 half "y telephone9 anonymously "attling it out in leaps of L$9. Dan >ogh &rote in a letter of 1++, that 'one of these cots or 0mericans @-$B....................... to pay $-- francs E a"out L2$ at that time E for @-B....................... a painting.
Christie's chairman @-)B....................... reporters after the sale9 'It's a "eautiful picture9 it's a rare picture9 it's a picture that many people &anted. 0 spo!esman for the firm added9 ;e are a"solutely coc!EaEhoop. It's fantastic. ;e 5ust could not "e more ecstatic.
Many people do feel uneasy that a picture @1-B....................... "e auctioned for such a mindE"oggling sum. (hey find distasteful the contrast @11B....................... this sort of money and the impoverished life of the painter @12B....................... Dan >ogh9 once a lay preacher @13B....................... the miners of elgium9 &as @1#B....................... interested in producing &or! that dignified la"our than he &as in selling for a profit. epressive9 poor9 unrecognised and eventually suicidal9 he remains a romantic figure in the pu"lic @1$B....................... . &oo'ing !ac' at the Thatcher 9ears
0 @-1B ................... has descended upon the land. *ingers no longer &ag. Men once again hold discourse in calm and measured tones. P has increased at 5ust over t&o per cent a year9 one per cent ahead of government spending. 0 @-B ................... change has "een the remar!a"le reduction in the rate of income ta/: the top rate from ,- per cent to #- per cent9 and the "asic rate from 33 to 2$ per cent. (he "enefits to the fe& on the top rates of ta/ have "een considera"le. *or the great @-)B ................... 9 ho&ever9 although the reductions ma!e good
143
headlines9 they are @-+B ................... . (a/ paid as a percentage of earnings has in fact increased over the past ten years9 from 3$ per cent to 3+. uch ta/ includes not only income ta/9 "ut national @-,B ................... 9 D0(9 e/cise duties on alcohol and to"acco9 and local rates or poll ta/. uring the eighties9 the economic fashion &as for @1-B ................... . It &as thought that the translation of state monopolies into private monopolies &ould mean increased @11B ................... . (o some e/tent9 the service provided "y ritish utilities9 such as the telephone and gas @12B ................... 9 has improved. n the other hand9 the price paid for these "asic services has increased far "eyond the rate of inflation. uch price increases fall most heavily on the "adly paid. ne service &hich has not improved is the rail&ays9 grossly @13B ................... . Indeed9 the transport infrastructure9 "oth road and rail9 is as inefficient no& as it &as in 1,),. ne &ould have thought that the "illions realised "y
-). ma5or
-+. illusion
-,. insure
1-. private 11. efficient 12. operate
13. fund
1#. compete
The death of the High Street It is often the case 748 that the principal street of an 'n!lish town or cit# is called the i!h +treet- and in the past it 7*8
ha"e been there that people $sed to eet144
do b$siness and !o shoppin!. owe"er- o"er the last few decades- ritain- 7,8 other de"eloped co$ntries- has seen H!iant s$perarkets and aor new shoppin! centres sprin!in! 7-8
on the o$tskirts of $rban areas or in locations which are
reached b# car and which ha"e aple parkin!. The appearance of these
7.8
new teples of retailin! is 7/8
the res$lt and the ca$se of the phenoenon
as the Hdeath of the i!h +treet- a conse($ence of the fact that town or
708
cit# centres had becoe e"er 718
incon"enient both for the retailers
thesel"es and for 728 c$stoers. nce offered an alternati"e- shoppers and otorists were ($ick to flock to ore odern and better;desi!ned s$b$rban shoppin! facilities- takin! their b$siness with the and so ine"itabl# acceleratin! the clos$re of an# of the saller and ost traditional shops- 738 and !reen!rocers. These 7*48
as b$tchers- fishon!ers
then replaced b# the $bi($ito$s Hcharit#
shops- sall retail o$tlets r$n 7**8
non;profit or!anisations sellin! second;
hand ites !i"en free b# their s$pporters. These shops occ$p# 7*,8 were forerl# prie locations in the i!h +treet- b$t a# onl# pa# a inial rent- and are staffed b# "ol$nteers to aiise the incoe 7*-8 the sale of old clothesshoes- books or ornaents which fill their shel"es. In the poorest re!ions of ritain 7*.8 is not $ncoon to find three- fo$r or ore charit# shops in a sall i!h +treet- a sit$ation which is con"enient for those who cannot afford to b$# new- and for those who benefit 7*/8 the "ario$s ser"ices pro"ided b# the charities- b$t depressin! for residents who reeber the li"el# and p rospero$s i!h +treets of the past. :oplete the second sentence so that it has a siilar eanin! to the first sentence $sin! the word !i"en Jin bracketsK. ?o$ $st $se between three and ei!ht words- incl$din! the word !i"en. 6o not "hange the #ord gi9en .
1 e still hasn)t reco"ered fro losin! his ob last #ear. e still hasn)t !ot
last #ear. Jbeing K
2 :hildren and older people are $ch ore prone to infection than #o$n! ad$lts. :hildren and older people
easil# than #o$n! ad$lts. Jpick K
3 ?o$ $st tr# to accept that #o$ will ne"er be fao$s< ?o$ $st
fact that #o$ will ne"er be fao$s.JtermsK
4 o one reall# epected %ohn to do so well in his eas. '"er#one
did so well in his eas.JtakenK
5 +$san thinks that the colo$rs are $ch too bri!ht. ,s
the colo$rs are $ch too bri!ht .J far K
145
6 +t$dents $st not enter the ea late- whate"er the reason i!ht be. nder
late.JcircumstancesK
7 @o #o$ think #o$r father was offended b# what I said @o #o$ think
coentsJexceptionK
8 This part of the b$ildin! can onl# be accessed b# a$thorised staff. ,ccess to
a$thorised staff.Jrestricted K
:oplete the second sentence so that it has a siilar eanin! to the first sentence $sin! the word !i"en Jin bracketsK. ?o$ $st $se between three and ei!ht words- incl$din! the word !i"en. 6o not "hange the #ord gi9en .
1 Thoas ne"er pa#s $ch attention to what his other sa#s. Thoas doesn)t e"er
what his other sa#s. JnoticeK
2 $t for the sea teperat$res bein! $n$s$all# hi!h- the# wo$ld ne"er ha"e s$r"i"ed. If it hadn)t been for the
killed. Jwould K
3 I) afraid I belie"ed his stor# copletel#< I re!ret to sa# that I
his stor#. JtakenK
4 It)s "er# $nlikel# that we will proote $th this #ear. There is "er# little
bein! prooted this #ear.JchanceK
5 I offered hi the ob b$t he ref$sed it. e
it down.Jturned K
6 Dio"anni)s $nwillin!ness to speak ca$ses probles with 'n!lish. @$e to the fact that Dio"anni is
with his 'n!lish.JhasK
7 I don)t ind at all if +$san records # lect$re. I ha"e
# lect$re.JobjectionK
8 I had $st started the new ob when I !ot fl$. I
as I started the new ob.JcameK
The early railway in Britain In 1830, there were under 100 miles of public railway in Britain. Yet within 20 years, this (0) ..... had grown to more than ,000 miles. By the end of the century, almost enough rail trac! to (1) .... the world co"ered this small island, (2) .... the nature of tra"el for e"er and contributing to the industrial re"olution that changed the (3) .... of history in many parts of the world. #here"er railways were introduced, economic and social progress $uic!ly (4) .... . In a single day, rail passengers could tra"el hundreds of miles, (5) .... pre"ious %ourney times by huge margins and bringing rapid tra"el within the
146
(6) .... of ordinary people. &re"iously, many people had ne"er "entured (7) .... the outs!irts of their towns and "illages. 'he railway brought them (8) .... freedom and enlightenment. In the 1(th century, the railway in Britain (9) .... something more than %ust the business of carrying goods and passengers. 'rains were associated with romance, ad"enture and, fre$uently, (10) ... lu)ury. 'he great steam locomoti"es that thundered across the land were the %et airliners of their (11) .... , carrying passengers in comfort o"er "ast distances in unimaginably short times. But the railways (12) .... more than re"olutionise tra"el* they also (13) .... a distincti"e and permanent mar! on the British landscape. #hole towns and industrial centres (14) .... up around ma%or rail %unctions, monumental bridges and "iaducts crossed ri"ers and the railway stations themsel"es became (15) .... places to spend time between %ourneys. 0 A amount B +gure C sum D $uantity 1 A re"ol"e B enclose C encircle D orbit 2 A altering B amending C adapting D ad%usting 3 A route B way C line D course 4 A pursued B followed C succeeded D chased 5 A cancelling B subtracting C cutting D abolishing 6 A reach B capacity C facility D hold 7 A further B o"er C beyond D abo"e 8 A larger B higher C bigger D greater 9 A ser"ed B functioned C represented D performed 10 A considerable B generous C plentiful D sieable 11 A date B stage C day D phase
147
12 13 14 15
A caused B did C produced D turned A laid B set C settled D left A %umped B stood C burst D sprang A preferable B li!ed C desirable D wanted
Part 2 -or $uestions 1/30, complete the following article by writing each missing word in the correct bo) on your answer sheet. se only one word for each space. Enjy the !ene"t# $ #tre## re you loo!ing forward to another busy wee! You should be according (0) t some e)perts. 'hey argue that the stress encountered in (16) .......... daily li"es is not only good for us, but essential to sur"i"al. 'hey say that the response to stress, which creates a chemical called adrenalin, helps the mind and body to act $uic!ly (17) ......... emergencies. nimals and human beings use it to meet the hostile conditions (18) ......... e)ist on the planet. #hilst nobody denies the pressures of e"eryday life, what is surprising is that we are yet to de"elop successful ways of dealing with them. (19) ........... the e)perts consider the current strategies to (20) ........... inade$uate and often dangerous. 'hey belie"e that (21) .......... of trying to manage our response to stress with drugs or rela)ation techni$ues, we must e)ploit it. pparently, research shows that people (22) .......... create conditions of stress for (23) .......... by doing e)citing and ris!y sports or loo!ing for challenges, cope much better with lifes problems. cti"ities of this type (24) .......... been shown to create a lot of emotion* people may actually cry or feel e)tremely uncomfortable. But there is a point (25) .......... which they ha"e succeeded and !now that it was a positi"e e)perience. 'his is because we learn through challenge and di4culty. 'hats (26) .......... we get our wisdom. -ew of (27) .......... , unfortunately, understand (28) .......... fact. -or e)ample, many people belie"e they su5er from stress at wor!, and ta!e time o5 (29) .......... a result. Yet it has been found in some companies that by far (30) ........... healthiest people are those with the most responsibility. 6o ne)t time youre in a stressful situation, %ust remember that it will be a positi"e learning e)perience and could also bene+t your health7
148
In the heart of the (0) .... city of loucester, "isitors can (0) 9I6':;Y e)perience a sentimental %ourney bac! through the memories of
their childhood, all brought "i"idly to life again at the '96= d"ertising and &ac!aging. 'he result of one mans (47) ... , the museum is the (48) ... of twenty/+"e years research and (48) &;:?@= collecting by ;obert :pie. 'his (49) ... remar!able collection, the largest of its type in the world, now numbers some 300,000 items (49) ';= relating to the (50) ... of our consumer society. 'he (51) ... of pac!et, tins, bottles and sings shows the "ariety which was (50) =A:A= introduced into the shops. -or this reason, the colourful e)hibition is called a @entury of 6hopping 9istory. 'he change in shopping (51) I>@?= habits is in part attributable to the de"elopment of the (52) ... power of ad"ertising, together with (53) ... ad"anced technology. (52) &=;6?= (53) I>@;= 6= %a&in' aer It is (54) ... belie"ed that paper was in"ented in @hina. CD ... (54) ';?I'I:> @hinese court o4cial by name of 'sai un +rst de"eloped a '=;;&' tough brown (61) ... paper. 'hese days, paper/ma!ing is no longer such a time/consuming acti"ity. (60) <>-@';= (61) #;&
Earl$ European 6olls+ @olls ha"e ..*.. as childrenGs pla#thin!s for tho$sands of #ears. owe"er- the# were ..,.. an$fact$red as to#s in lar!e n$bers in Deran# in the ..-.. cent$r#. The centres of the ind$str# were factories at $reber!- ,$!sb$r!- and +onneber!. The dolls were priiti"e and ..... of wood- cla#- ra!s- and wa. The# were dressed in clothes to ../.. Deran woen of the tie. +oon factories in 'n!land- rance- olland- and Ital#- as well as Deran#- be!an ..0.. dolls dressed in fashions ..1.. of their respecti"e co$ntries. ,nother ..2.. of doll- Llad#L dolls- were etreel# epensi"e and ele!ant- and were $sed as !ifts ..3.. the aristocrac#. 149
These dolls- and the LfashionL dolls- which were later an$fact$red in aris- ha"e reained pop$lar ..*4.. since. +$ch dolls were often $sed to odel the latest clothin! trends and were sent fro one co$ntr# to another to show off the latest fashions. Toda# the# are pri*ed collectorGs ..**.. # the 17th cent$r#- howe"er- ..*,.. dolls be!an to appear- ade of cloth or leather- and these were "er# ..*-.. as to#s for both bo#s and !irls. There were se"eral ipro"eents in an$fact$rin!. @ollsG heads becae ore realistic- and new aterials were $sed. ..*... in the 18th cent$r# an$fact$rers de"eloped soft leather which ..*/.. like h$an skin- and this was $sed in the ore epensi"e dolls. @olls be!an to look- feel- and o"e ore like h$ans. *+
eisted
been
,+
initiall#
factored
-+
recent
.+
fabricated
/+
reseblance
0+
prod$ction
1+
clothes
2+
brand
3+
aon!
*4+
also
for
**+
dolls
thin!s
pri*es
*,+
latest
cloth
then
*-+
adapted
*.+
+oon
*/+
resebled
$sed
sported
first
fifteenth
final
fifteen
constr$ction
fi"eteen fabric
be as
look like
prod$ce t#pical
t#pe
to
with
e"er
$ntil
s$itable $t
ites sipler
$sef$l
'arl# fits
prod$ced
fao$s
breed
for
appear
prod$cin! those
ake
ade
$tilised
/hen
co"erin!
felt
Film !e9ie# Tiger "la# Twent# #ears a!o r$ce Bee inspired a kind of fil which has e"er#where in the world k$n!;f$ fil-
3.
2.
1.
pop$lar
since ; the k$n!;f$ o"ie. Tiger claw is another
this one is not likel# to be a classic. I don)t ean to sa# that
.
".
is an#thin! partic$larl# wron! with this o"ie as a of a$seent for an e"enin!- b$t "iewers are likel# to for!et abo$t it as soon as the# walk o$t of the cinea. The plot is rather siple ; !irl is kidnapped b# "illian- bo# resc$es her after a series of car chases- shootin!s- and- of
#.
lots of "iolent hand;to;hand cobat. It all '.
happens in on! Eon!- which is the scene for the other fi"e k$n!;f$ fils ade b# director $ @ekaw$. +oe of the special effects are "er# !ood- while *.
are $st ridic$lo$s. If #o$ want to
.
what I ean- look for the 150
scene
1).
11.
+o
the hero destro#s an aro$red car b# $sin! $st a ci!arette and his teeth.
12.
#o$ !o to see this fil /ell- if #o$ like this sort of thin!- #o$ will 13.
probabl# think it worth
fi"e po$nds for. If not- I s$!!est
sta# at hoe and see what is on the TF. o"ie coin! o$t net onth<
1".
1.
#o$
#o$r one# for the new +pielber!
Look at the sentences below and then put the word listed in the correct form into the space provided.
*+ B#nn %ones re"iews LThe hoeniL.
of the
F;<
,+ This fil offers bea$tif$l $sicdesert.
EVO%E
-+ landscapes and
6!A'A
h$an eotions.
.+ @espite aMn rapidl#
be!innin!- the fil
/+ de"elops- as the str$!!le
of an air crash
0+ a!ainst the is ade
desert. Their proble
1+ worse b# the conflictin! pilot- and 2+ the an who has the proble. $t 3+ he is an the
of the
to their
conceited en!ineer- and
*4+ others hate hi. The and $nepected
is ecitin!
*+ What he did next really surprised us.
E=C(TE
S>!V(VE
)(T<
)E!SON
SO;VE
BEA!
CONC;>6E
0+You will get everything you have ever
151
ta&en
/e were net.
what he did
,+ We will never forget that experience. an
That was
eperience.
wanted . "ome ,ll #o$r wishes
1+ Everybody thinks that rank stole the money. of
'"er#bod# one#.
the
-+ Terry is the shortest member of the team. than
2+ !id she say who the dog belonged to". dog
o;one in the tea Terr#.
@id she sa# was
.+ This is the first time anyone has done that . ?efore
3+ They are going to get married next #une.. planned
has an#one done that.
Their %$ne.
/+ $ really wish that $ had studied harder.. more
*4+ $ haven%t eaten fish since last Wednesday.. time
If onl#
The last /ednesda#.
.
net
fish was
The Va"uum "leaner+ Ans#er Sheet ntil abo$t 250 #ears a!o- ho$seholds did not take dirt as ..7*8.. as the# do now ; it was a fact of life- and that was that. :leanin! often consisted of an ann$al ..7,8... called )sprin! cleanin!) when the f$rnit$re was o"ed aside- and all the linen prod$cts in the ho$se were cleaned. :arpets and r$!s were taken o$tside- h$n! on ropes and had the d$st ..7-8.. o$t of the ; an eha$stin! and ess# process. The ind$strial re"ol$tion bro$!ht abo$t a aor chan!e ; as new ..7.8.. becae a"ailable to ake hoes cleaner- a correspondin! interest in )..7/8.. h#!iene) appeared in ho$seholds. This in t$rn led to the ..708.. of f$rther prod$cts- one of which was the "ac$$ cleaner. ..718.. has it that when one of the first "ac$$ cleaners was deonstrated- a kindl# scientist took the pro$d in"entor..728.. - and offered a bit of ad"ice that was to becoe .. 738.. to the f$t$re e"ol$tion of the prod$ct ; )ake it s$ck- not blow). The first "ac$$ cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the nited +tates. The# were operated b# hand p$ps and were alost as ..7*48.. as sprin! cleanin!. It was onl# when electric otors had becoe s$fficientl# ..7**8... to becoe portable that "ac$$ cleaners becae coon ho$sehold ites. &ost of toda#)s aor ..7*,8.. ; incl$din! 'lectrol$ and oo"er ; were born in the 1920s. 152
The ho$sehold ..7*-8.. that "ac$$ cleaners s$ck $p is ostl# dead skin cells ; h$ans .. 7*.8.. illions of cells e"er# da#. , $ch saller proportion coes fro d$st and soil carried into the ho$se fro ..7*/8... . +
a iportantl#
? cr$ciall#
" consideratel#
d serio$sl# ,+
a rit$al
? res$lt
" resol$tion
d scr$b -+
a cleaned
? taken
" beaten
d s$cked .+
a prod$cts
? concepts
" ideals
d de"elopents /+
a ho$se
? doestic
" hoel#
d internal 0+
a fabrication
? appearin!
" recreation
d de"elopent 1+
a +tor#
? 'pic
" Be!end
? aside
" aback
d Tale 2+
a awa# d alon!
3+
a standard
? cr$cial
" re!$lar
d esteeed *4+
a laborio$s
? hard
" nefario$s
d strainin! **+
a scientific
? forward
" technolo!ical
d ad"anced *,+
a brands
? arks
" akes
d tradearks *-+
a !rit
? r$bbish
" ref$se
d dirt *.+
a lose
? o$t!row
" oit
d shed */+
a eternal
? o$tside
" be#ond
d indoors
153
The Atmosphere of 7*+8
+
/o$ld #o$ like to J,+K an astrona$t To do this- #o$ $st tra"el at least 50 iles J80 kiloetresK abo"e the s$rface of the earth. $t e"en after #o$ ha"e done that #o$ are still J-+K earth)s atosphere. Indeed- there are at least 300 iles of air still between #o$ and the tr$e "ac$$ of space. &ost of what we think of as o$r atosphere is act$all# the troposphere- that part of the atosphere closest to earth. This is where ost of o$r weather happen s- and it is the onl# part of the atosphere which has eno$!h o#!en and warth for h$ans to s$r"i"e. J.+K part of the atosphere is abo$t ten iles thick at the e($ator and sli!htl# half that hei!ht at the J/+K
.
J0+K the troposphere is the stratosphere- which #o$ ha"e probabl# J1+K if #o$ ha"e tra"elled on an international et liner. $t there is another kind of )et) at this altit$de. $!e ri"ers of air called )et streas) J 2+K thro$!h the stratosphere- and the stratosphere contains the o*one la#er which filters harf$l $ltra"iolet ra#s which co$ld J3+K ake life on earth etinct. ,bo"e the stratosphere is the esosphereand abo"e that the ionosphere- which is iportant for radio co$nications as si!nals can be J*4+K
off the ionosphere to different J**+K
of the world.
&an# people think that the atosphere is ostl# o#!en- J*,+K
that is what we
breathe. $t in J*-+K o#!en akes $p onl# abo$t 21A of the atosphere- and carbon dioide- which we breathe o$t- akes $p less than 1A. "er three ($arters of the atosphere is nitro!en- which was epelled fro inside the planet while it was still "er# "olcanicall# J*.+K J*/+K eat.
. /e ha"e a lot of nitro!en in o$r bodies- b$t we do not !et it
fro the atosphere. Instead we !et o$r nitro!en fro plants which we
0.fit fitness
The onl# wa# to 4+ is thro$!h eercise. +pendin! #o$r life as a )co$ch potato) is alost the *+
thin! that #o$ can do. I) not sa#in!
that #o$ need to becoe ,+ abo$t keepin! #o$rself fit and spend lon! iserable ho$rs -+ o!!in! for iles in the rain e"er# da#. $t it is essential that #o$ do a ini$ of .+ eercise . a"e a /+ doctor- and then eercise 0+ his 1+
.
with #o$r accordin! to
1.health 2. fanati" 3. happ$ 4. da$ 5. dis"uss 6. s$stem 7. instru"t 154
