Quality assurance offers the quality assurance for this product.
Considerations for quality assurance Assurance contents We guarantee 1 year after service from the date of purchasing this product. If this product has any troubles or errors within such a period, you can receive free service from ED customer support center. Expenses covered by customers The necessary services shall be offered at a minimum cost of customers in the following cases. 1) If the warranty period expires. ※ However, it shall be valid for 5 years after the warranty period expires. 2) If the product has any troubles due to customers' negligence or Act of God. ※ They shall be handled at a charge of customers even during the warranty period.
Not guaranteed Any deliberate disassembly of this product for improving the performance cannot be covered by the manufacturer's warranty responsibility. Service guide Please, contact our customer support center for service application and consultation. Customer support center: (031)730-7373
FAX : (031)730-7317
※ For the safe and correct use of this product, please make sure to read the user's manual carefully before using it and follow the guidelines on how to handle and use this product.
Notice for equipment changes This product is subject to change without prior notice to improve its appearance, specifications and performance.
1-3. How to Use Equipment and Precautions · ·27 1-3-1. ED-6831 Data Acquisition Module 1-3-2. ED-6832 Signal Conditioner 1-3-3. Transform Unit 1-3-4. Application Module
CHAPTER
1❙ED-6830 SENSOR TRAINER
1-1. INTRODUCTION TO ED-6830 SENSOR TRAINER Equipment ED-6830 is an integrated sensor experiment solution including electric/ electronics, auto, and chemistry, and also a perfect PC-based equipment which makes an individual sensor experiment/practice possible without PC. ED-6830 consists of a total of 56 types including various kinds of conversion devices, application modules, and accessories that are necessary for sensor modules and sensor tests, which makes it possible to have various sensor practices. It also maximizes the visualization of each sensor to promote an understanding both for teaching and learning. Additionally, it was designed to let users directly experience, using an application module, an application sphere of the sensor that is actually used in the field. By placing 8 selection ranges at Signal Conditioner(ED-6832), it was designed to make all the sensor trial tests possible with PNP and NPN types, as well as resistance, current, and voltage, according to a unique out of each sensor. As for an application program, it provides a unique output display function for e-book, job sheet, and sensor, as well as offers a waveform storage function and Data storage function that saves Data 4 times per second with Excel.
[Figure 1-1] Distribution Diagram for Basic Test
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ED-6830
1-2. SPECIFICATIONS 1-2-1. ED-6831 Data Acquisition Module
1) Self DSO Standard ▸Resolution : 8Bit ▸Analog Input Range : 0 ~ 12.75V(50mV per 1 step) ▸Time Division Range : 2 ~ 60ms(Variable)
2) Function Generator Module ▸Generation Waveform Type : 5 Types(Sine Curve, 2 Types of Sawtooth Wave, Square Wave, Pyramidal Wave) ▸Frequency Output Range : 2.6 ~ 312.5Hz ▸Output Level : 12.75V
3) DC Voltage Output Module Specification (D/A Converter Output Specification) ▸Output Level : 0 ~ 12.75V ▸Control Resolution : 50mV step and it is possible to adjust from 0 to 12.75V with a slide bar or Push button switch for each BIT
4) Variable Voltage Supply ▸DC Output level : 0 ~ 15V output available (Voltage output through partial pressure resistance)
5) Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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1-2-2. Sensor Module 1) Dynamic Sensor ① LOAD CELL ▸ Part No. : LS6900-30 ▸ Measuring Range : Max. 50kgf ▸ Discharging Voltage : 5V ▸ Structure with an even input of outer load ▸ Size(mm) : 78(W) × 75(L) × 75(H)
② Semiconductor-style Pressure Sensor ▸ Part No. : PS6830-1 ▸ Measuring Range : 0.1 ~ 1bar ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Discharging Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
③ Acceleration Sensor ▸ Part No. : AS6830-2 ▸ Measuring Range : ±2 ~ ±1000g ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Discharging Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 200(W) × 70(L) × 50(H)
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ED-6830
④ Flow Rage Sensor ▸ Part No. : FS6830-3 ▸ Input Pressure Range : 0.1 ~ 1bar ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Discharging Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
2) Optical Sensor ① CdS ▸ Part No. : OS6830-4 ▸ Output Type : Resistance [Ω] ▸ Applicable Temperature : -30 ~ +70℃ ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
② Photo Diode ▸ Part No. : OS6830-5 ▸ Output Type : Current [uA] ▸ Discharging Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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③ Photo Transistor ▸ Part No. : OS6830-6 ▸ Output Type : Current [mA] ▸ Discharging Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
④ Optical Sensor Module(Transmission) ▸ Part No. : OS6900-9, OS6900-10 ▸ Voltage : DC 24V ▸ Response Speed : Less than 1ms ▸ Consumption Current : Less than 40mA ▸ Light Source in Use : InfraRed Emitting Diode ▸ Light Receiving Element : IC Built-in Photo Diode ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ Sensitivity Control : Built-in VR ▸ Sensing Distance : 5 ~ 10m ▸ Port Installation for Easy Wiring ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 100(L) × 60(H)
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⑤ Optical Sensor Module(Reflective) ▸ Part No. : OS6900-11 ▸ Direct Reflective ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Light Source in Use : InfraRed Emitting Diode ▸ Switching Distance : 300mm ▸ Response Speed : Less than 1ms ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ Sensitivity Control : Built-in VR ▸ Movement Identification Feasibility : LED Attachment ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 100(L) × 60(H)
⑥ Optical Fiber ▸ Part No. : OS6900-14 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Light Source in Use : Red LED ▸ Convertible Motion Mode : Light On/Dark On ▸ Response Speed : Less than 1ms ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ Sensitivity Control : Built-in VR ▸ Movement Identification Feasibility : LED Attachment ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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▸ Part No. : OS6900-15 ▸ Diameter : ∅2.2 ▸ Length : Over 1m ▸ Response Speed : Less than 1ms ▸ Allowable Bending Radio : 30r ▸ Min. Sensing Object : Less than 0.1mm ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
3) Magnetic Sensor ① Hall Sensor ▸ Part No. : HS6830-8 ▸ Output Type : Resistance [Ω] ▸ Discharging Voltage : 5V ▸ Applicable Temperature : -55 ~ +125℃ ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Magnetic Polarity Distinction ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
② Hall IC ▸ Part No. : HS6830-9 ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Magnetic Polarity Distinction ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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ED-6830
4) Temperature Sensor ① Thermistor ▸ Part No. : TS6830-10 ▸ NTC 10kΩ ▸ Output Type : Resistance [Ω] ▸ Applicable Temperature : -20 ~ +200℃ ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
② Thermocouple ▸ Part No. : TS6830-11 ▸ K-Type ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
③ Pt100(Pt Resistance Temperature Sensor) ▸ Part No. : TS6830-12 ▸ Pt100Ω ▸ Output Type : Resistance [Ω] ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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④ Pyroelectric Sensor ▸ Part No. : IS6830-13 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Rise Time : 100ms ▸ Active Area : 2 × 1mm ▸ Applicable Temperature : -40 ~ +60℃ ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
5) Sound Sensor ① Ultrasound Sensor ▸ Part No. : US6830-15 ▸ Detection Distance : 1 ~ 50cm ▸ Applicable Temperature : -40 ~ +85℃ ▸ Response Frequency : 40 ± 1kHz ▸ Output Type : Voltage (V) ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 70(W) × 124(L) × 260(H)
② Microphone ▸ Part No. : PS6830-16 ▸ Condenser Microphone Available ▸ Output Type : Frequency Output from Sound Source ▸ Measuring Range : 20 ~ 20kHz ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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6) Automation Sensor ① Lacteal Gland-style Proximity Sensor (M18) ▸ Part No. : PS6900-1 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Switching Distance : Approx. 5mm ▸ Max. Switching Frequency : 350Hz ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ LED Attachment-type ▸ Flush Type ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
② Lacteal Gland-style Proximity Sensor (M12) ▸ Part No. : PS6900-4 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Switching Distance : Approx. 4mm ▸ Max. Switching Frequency : Over 400Hz ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ LED Attachment-type ▸ Non-Flush Type ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
③ Capacity-style Proximity Sensor ▸ Part No. : PS6900-6 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Switching Distance : Approx. 8mm ▸ Max. Switching Frequency : Over 50Hz ▸ Consumption Current : Less than 15mA ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ LED Attachment-type ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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7) Chemical Sensor ① Gas Sensor ▸ Part No. : GS6830-17 ▸ Detection Gas : LPG, LNG, Methane ▸ Sensing Range : 500 ~ 1000ppm ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
② pH Sensor ▸ Part No. : PH6830-18 ▸ Measuring Range : 0.00 ~ 14.00pH ▸ Applicable Temperature : 0 ~ 60℃ ▸ Response Time : Within 10s for 90% response ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
③ Humidity Sensor ▸ Part No. : HS6830-19 ▸ Output Type : Voltage [V] ▸ Measuring Range : 0 ~ 100% ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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ED-6830
1-2-3. Conversion Device 1) HEATING UNIT(Temperature Conversion Device) ▸ Part No. : HU6830-14 ▸ Temperature Range : 15 ~ 70℃ ▸ Current Temperature Display ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Use of Thermal Electric Module for Heating and Cooling ▸ Linking Structure with Each Temperature Sensor Module ▸ Temperature Variable Control Method ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 124(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
2) Spindle Drive Unit & Motor Control Module(Distance Conversion Device) ① Spindle Drive Unit ▸ Part No. : SD6900-25 ▸ Portable Range : Over 250mm ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Terminal Attachment for Limiter Signal Detection ▸ Limiter Switch : For Location Detection (One for left/right each) ▸ Aluminium Reflector : For Ultrasound Sensor Test ▸ Clamping Device Attachment for an Installation on Profile ▸ Size(mm) : 554(W) × 100(L) × 295(H)
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② Motor Control Module ▸ Part No. : MC6900-37 ▸ Controller for SD6900-25 Location Variation : Speed and Direction Control ▸ End Limit Signal Input Terminal Attachment for Protection from OVERRUN ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Attachment of Motor Voltage Output Terminal Necessary for Motor Control ▸ Size(mm) : 124(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
3) OPTICAL TRANSFORM UNIT ▸ Part No. : OU6830-7 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Light Source in Use : While Transparent ∅10 LED ▸ Control from PC with D/A Converter Output Signal of ED-6831 ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Port Installation for an Easy Wiring ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
4) Chemical Transform Unit ① pH Standard Solution
▸ pH4.0 Standard Solution 500mℓ 1BT ▸ pH7.0 Standard Solution 500mℓ 1BT ▸ pH10.0 Standard Solution 500mℓ 1BT ▸ 3 Types of Measuring Reagents
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ED-6830
② pH Stand and Gas Quantity Controlling Unit
▸ Flexible Stand ▸ Adjustable Form for Amount of Gas
5) SOUND CONTROL UNIT ▸ Part No. : SU6830-25 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Control from PC with D/A Converter Output Signal of ED-6831 ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Port Installation for an Easy Wiring ▸ Size(mm) : 60(W) × 75(L) × 84(H)
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1-2-4. Application Module
1) Amplifier Module ▸ Part No. : AM6900-38 ▸ Half/Full Bridge Circuit Test Available ▸ Built-in Standard Resistance (350Ω) ▸ Simple Wiring with ∅4 Terminal ▸ Amplified Signal Output Using OP Amp. ▸ Offset Adjustment Terminal Retention ▸ Built-in Push S/W with Possible Selection of User Programmable Standard Resistance ▸ Size(mm) : 124(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
2) Motor Speed Controller ▸ Part No. : MS6900-20 ▸ Disk Circulation with 4 Holes ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Consumption Current : 200mA ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection and Protective Circuit for Short Circuit ▸ Speed Changable ▸ Possible Attachment of Optical Fiber and ∅12 Lacteal Gland-style Sensor ▸ Clamping Device Attachment for Installation on Profile
3) Lamp & Buzzer Module ▸ Part No. : LB6900-35 ▸ Input Terminal : Over 10 ▸ Output State Display : Lamp and Buzzer ▸ Possible Movement with NPN/PNP Signal Input ▸ Composed of Plastic Injection Box ▸ Clamping Device Attachment for Installation on Profile ▸ Size(mm) : 124(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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ED-6830
4) Counter Module ▸ Part No. : CM6900-36 ▸ Power Supply : DC 24V ▸ Display Digit : 4Digit ▸ Display Function : Impulse and Imp/s ▸ Mode Selection Switch : 100pulse, 1000pulse, Ext. Mode ▸ Display Function Transfer Switch : Toggle Type ▸ Clamping Device Attachment for Installation on Profile ▸ Size(mm) : 124(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
5) Application Module A (Lighting Control) ▸ Part No. : LA6830-21 ▸ Applicable to All Sensor Modules ▸ Built-in Self Timer ▸ AC 220V for Power Supply ▸ Consists of DC 24V and Control Terminal ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
6) Application Module B (Air Pressure Automatic Door) ▸ Part No. : PA6830-22 ▸ Applicable to All Sensor Modules ▸ Built-in Self Timer ▸ Consists of DC 24V and Control Terminal ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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7) Application Module C (Temperature Control) ▸ Part No. : TA6830-23 ▸ Applicable to All Sensor Modules ▸ Use of Quartz Heater ▸ Consists of DC 24V and Control Terminal ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
8) Application Module D (Motor Control)
▸ Part No. : MA6830-24 ▸ Applicable to All Sensor Modules ▸ Use of DC FAN ▸ Composed of Control Terminal ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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ED-6830
1-2-5. ED-6832 Signal Conditioner
▸ Part No. : ED-6832 ▸ DC 24V in Use ▸ INPUT VOLTAGE Display : 0 ~ 12V ▸ REFERENCE VOLTAGE Display : 0 ~ 10V ▸ 8 Ranges of Multiple-choice Structures Eligible for Each Sensor Feature ▸ User Programmable Setting of High and Low Range ▸ Built-in Relay Drive through Sensor Output Value ▸ Predetermines a Movement Range and Analog Input-based Control to be Available (Output : On/Off Control) ▸ Use of Relay Output to Drive Big-loaded Motor or SOL V/V ▸ METER to be Used for the Realization of Voltage Display ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile ▸ Built-in Polarity Protection Circuit ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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1-2-6. Accessories
1) Pneumatic Set ① Pressure Switch ▸ Part No. : pPES-3006 ▸ Pressure Range : 0 ~ 12bar ▸ Max. Switching Current : 5A ▸ Contact Output : Over 1a1b ▸ Max. Switching Frequency : 3Hz ▸ Movement Range Setting : Sensitivity Balancing Screw ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile
② Allocator ▸ Part No. : pPMC-6408 ▸ Applicable Pressure : 0 ~ 9bar ▸ Output Connector : Over 4 (Built-in Check Valve) - ∅6 ▸ Opening and Shutting Hand Slide Valve Attachment ▸ Supply Air Connector : 1 - ∅6 ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile
③ Push Button Valve Switch ▸ Part No. : pDV-332B-1C ▸ Applicable Pressure : 0.5 ~ 10bar ▸ Direct Operation-type/Spring Return-type ▸ Normally Closed ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile
▸ Setting Pressure Range : 0 ~ 2kgf/cm2 ▸ Pressure Gauge Attachment ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile
⑤ Storage Tank Unit ▸ Part No. : pAPR-0510 ▸ Applicable Pressure : 10 ~ 15bar(Guaranteed Limitation Pressure) ▸ Tank Capacity : Over 0.1ℓ ▸ Input Terminal : Check Valve to Use an Embedded Fitting ▸ Output Part with a Sealing Shape
⑥ Air Service Unit ▸ Part No. : pASU-10-2 ▸ Applicable Pressure : 0 ~ 10bar ▸ Setting Pressure : 0.5 ~ 8.5bar ▸ Consists of Air Filter and Pressure Balancing Valve(Attached Pressure Gauge) ▸ Automatic Drain Valve Attached ▸ Includes clamping device for an installation on profile
2) Slide Unit ▸ Part No. : SU6900-41 ▸ Slide Distance : 150mm ▸ Possible Angle Adjustment : ± 90。 ▸ Vernier Scale Attached ▸ Clamping Device Attached for a Simple Installation ▸ Size(mm) : 170(W) × 130(L) × 72(H)
3) Test Set ▸ Part No. : DS6900-40 ▸ Aluminium Case ▸ Experimental Test Composition : 2 Types of Magnetic, 3 Types of Mild Steel , Stainless Steel, Aluminium, 3 Types of Plastic, Rubber, Brass, Transparent Board, 4 Types of Board, Sensitivity Balancing Driver, and Beaker
4) DC Power Supply ▸ Part No. : PS-7400-2 ▸ Consists of C 24V Output Terminal 3 Groups ▸ Embedded Protective Circuit for Short Circuit(Buzzer) ▸ MAX CURRENT : 8A ▸ Size(mm) : 248(W) × 166(L) × 86(H)
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5) Digital Multimeter ▸ High Accuracy in True rms Measurement ▸ 0.05% Basic DC Voltage Accuracy
6) Load Set ▸ Part No. : LS6900-32 ▸ 1㎏/ea & 10 Cylindrical Load ▸ Saved to the Case with an Easy Storage and Carriage
7) Circuit Connection Cable & Operational Profile ▸ Red : 800mm-5ea, 600mm-5ea, 300mm-5ea ▸ Blue : 600mm-5ea, 300mm-5ea ▸ Black : 800mm-5ea, 600mm-5ea, 300mm-5ea ▸ Yellow : 600mm-5ea, 300mm-5ea, 200mm-5ea
1-3. How to Use Equipment and Precautions 1-3-1. ED-6831 Data Acquisition Module 1) Introduction ED-6831 Data Acquisition Module aims at transforming signals from the sensors into an applicable Data for an interface with PC, to get a data collection and analysis from PC to be possible. It is comprised of the following two units : one is A/D Converter that changes to an applicable Data for an interface with PC after transforming Analog signals into Digital signals, and the other is D/A Converter that transforms Digital signals into Analog signals to control exterior units from PC or ED-6831. The application and all the function controls regarding ED-6831 are implemented on PC, and even if a control and application are independently possible without PC, this device is designed to provide more detailed and convenient functions when it works with PC-based operations.
2) Panel Description
[Figure 1-2] ED-6831 Data Acquisition Module Panel
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▸ Power Switch : On/Off Switch for ED-6831 Main Power ▸ Input Condition Display LED : Displays the current input condition of CS, RD, and WR as special function fins of A/D Converter. ▸ A/D Converter Input : A/D Converter Input Terminal.(Vin(+), Vin(-)) ▸ D/A Converter Output : D/A Converter Output Terminal.(Voutput, GND) ▸ DC Voltage Output Terminal : DC Voltage Output Terminal Variable from 0 ~ 15V. ▸ DC Voltage Variable Volume : Controlling knob over an output voltage of DC variable voltage output terminal. ▸ D/A Input Condition Display LED : Displays an input condition of D/A Converter. ▸ ON/OFF Input Switch : Uses for Input/Output hand-operated control of A/D and D/A Converter, at time of LOCAL Control Mode setting. ▸ D/A Output Voltage Display : Displays a voltage value taken from a D/A Converter output.(0.00 ~ 12.75V) ▸ A/D Input Voltage Display : Displays voltage value from A/D Converter input.(0.00 ~ 12.75V) ▸ Selection Switch Condition Display LED : Displays a Control Mode with current setting among REMOTE Control Mode LOCAL Control Mode. ▸ REMOTE Control Mode Switch : REMOTE Control Mode setting switch. ▸ LOCAL Control Mode Switch : LOCAL Control Mode setting switch. ▸ A/D Output Condition Display LED : Displays a transformed output Data(8Bit) from Analog signals with A/D Converter input. ▸ A/D CLOCK Adjustment Volume : Controlling knob over the Reference Clock of A/D Converter.
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3) Precautions ▸ ED-6831 is exclusively used for AC 220V. ▸ Serial cables provided by our company should only be used. ▸ Any unnecessary excessive load should not be made onto DC Voltage Output Terminal. ▸ PC and ED-6831 should be connected with a cable after the power of ED-6831 is OFF.
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ED-6830
1-3-2. ED-6832 Signal Conditioner 1) Introduction ED-6832 Signal Conditioner is a device that transforms a unique sensor output such as resistance, current, and voltage, effected by surrounding environments, into feasible types of signal by ED-6831. It consists of 8 ranges and many forms of sensor output can take their own range, as well as the device has an attached terminal for an application module drive and can set up a driving time of application modules.
2) Panel Description
[Figure 1-3] ED-6832 Signal Conditioner Panel
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▸ Sensor Signal Input : Connecting Terminal for Sensor Output. ▸ Select Switch : Customized switch by a unique sensor output. ▸ Signal Output : Output terminal with transformed feasible forms of unique sensor output by ED-6831. ▸ Input Voltage Display : Displays a Voltage by Signal Output. ▸ ON/OFF Power Display LED : Presents On/Off of ED-6832. ▸ DC 24V Input : Input Terminal of ED-6832 Power DC 24V. ▸ Application Module Drive Output ON/OFF Display LED : Displays On/Off on Application Module Drive Output. ▸ Application Module Drive Output: Output Terminal for Application Module Drive. ▸ Standard Voltage Display : Displays a voltage with already-configurated Application Module drive time. ▸ Standard Voltage Variable Volume : Knob for Fixing a Standard Voltage.
3) Precautions ▸ Polarity should be carefully considered at time of power input. ▸ Selection switches should all be OFF at time of a sensor signal input.
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1-3-3. Transform Unit
1) Introduction Transform unit is a device, at time of sensor practice test, which transforms affecting factors of sensor outputs such as light, heat, distance, and chemical amount. That is, it is a device that transforms a voltage into heat or light using special elements. The followings constitute the transform unit : Heating Unit(HU6830-14) for changing temperature, Optical transform Unit(OU6830-7) for changing the amount of light, Spindle Drive for changing distance, and Motor Control Module(SD6900-25, MC6900-37). pH Solution and Gas Quantity Control Unit are also included.
2) Panel Description ① Temperature Transform Unit
[Figure 1-4] HEATING UNIT Panel
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▸ DC Power Input : DC 24V Power Input Terminal. ▸ Temperature Setting Switch : Sets up a necessary temperature for tests. ▸ Temperature Display : Presents the current temperature on heating fan.
② Distance Transform Unit
[Figure 1-5] Motor Control Module Panel ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal. ▸ MOTOR Signal Output : Control terminal of for-rev motor rotation by connecting with motor control signal input terminal of spindle drive. ▸ Right Limit Display LED : Displays input state of Right Limit signal. ▸ Right Limit Signal Input : Input terminal for R-Limit signal of spindle drive. ▸ MOTOR Speed Control and Direction Switching Volume : Starts with a center to change the knob direction and motor rotation speed, based on a variable amount.
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▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ Left Limit Signal Input : Input Terminal for L-Limit Signal of Spindle Drive. ▸ Left Limit Display LED : Displays an input state of Left Limit Signal.
[Figure 1-6] Scene of Spindle Drive ▸ L-Limit Signal Output : Limit Signal Output Terminal for the protection of left-side collision of driving part in spindle drive. ▸ R-Limit Signal Output : Limit Signal Output Terminal for the protection of right-side collision of driving part in spindle drive. ▸ Motor Control Signal Input : Input terminal of motor reversible signal from motor control modules.
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③ Optical Transform Unit
[Figure 1-7] OPTICAL TRANSFORM UNIT Panel ▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ INPUT : Terminal in control of lightness by connecting D/A Converter Output. ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal.
④ Chemical Transform Unit
[Figure 1-9] Gas [Figure 1-8] pH
Quantity Controlling
Standard Solution
Unit
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⑤ Sound Transform Unit
[Figure 1-10] Sound Control Unit Panel ▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ INPUT : Signal Input Terminal that connects D/A Converter output. ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal. ▸ Sound Balancing Volume : Knob that balances volume.
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3) Precautions ▸ Polarity should be carefully considered at time of DC power input. ▸ Temperature transform unit generates heat on a heating fan and careful attention is required. ▸ Optical Transform Unit is sensitive to Input and only allocated D/A Converter output should be used. ▸ Distance Transform Unit should be connected precisely to the arranged terminal, for a unit failure may occur when Limit Signal and Motor Control Signal are connected reversely. ▸ Chemical Transform Unit should be treated with special care, for it uses a chemical material.
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1-3-4. Application Module 1) Introduction Application Module puts its purpose in providing more direct experience on the actual field at sites, after grasping operation principles and features of the sensor through a basic practice test. It consists of the followings : Amplifier, Counter, Motor Speed Control, Lamp & Buzzer, Light Control, Air Pressure Automatic Door, Temperature Control, and Motor Control. Each module is also applicable to all the sensor tests, and takes an outstanding presence through its actual-looking configuration, as one good point.
2) Panel Description ① Amplifier Module
[Figure 1-11] Amplifier Module Panel
▸ Signal Input : Terminal that inputs a signal in need of amplification into the amplifier.
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▸ Small Signal Amplifier : Amplifying part that coverts a input signal into a recognizable signal level by ED-6832. ▸ OFFSET1) Balancing Volume : Knob with OFFSET adjustment of small signal amplifier. ▸ Bridge Resistance ON/OFF Switch : Switch that connects or opens 350Ω resistance with Bridge form. (
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▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ Resistance Input : Terminal that inputs a output signal of Load Cell, Hall Sensor with a Bridge resistance. ▸ Signal Output : Terminal that outputs the input value by input signal terminal through an amplification of small signal amplifier. ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal.
② Motor Speed Controller
[Figure 1-12] Motor Speed Controller Panel 1) Literal meaning is “Offset”, and even when there is no input signal, some voltage from OP-AMP comes out due to DC Bias within Amp.
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▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ Motor Voltage Output : DC voltage output terminal responding to motor speed. ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal. ▸ MOTOR SPEED CONTROL SWITCH : Control Switch for Motor Speed.
③ Lamp & Buzzer Module
[Figure 1-13] Lamp & Buzzer Module Panel ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal. ▸ NPN Type Signal Input : Input Terminal of NPN Type Signal. ▸ LAMP : Displays the input state of NPN or PNP Type Signal. ▸ PNP Type Signal Input : Input Terminal of PNP Type Signal.
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▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ NPN Type Signal Input Lamp & Buzzer ▸ PNP Type Signal Input Lamp & Buzzer
④ Counter Module
[Figure 1-14] Counter Module Panel ▸ DC +24V Input : DC +24V Input Terminal. ▸ Count Display : Count Display & Frequency Display. ▸ RESET Switch & Signal Input : RESET Switch & RESET Signal Input Terminal. (PNP Signal ONLY)
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ED-6830
▸ START Switch & Signal Input : START Switch & START Signal Input Terminal. (PNP Signal ONLY). ▸ STOP Switch & Signal Input : STOP Switch & STOP Signal Input Terminal. (PNP Signal ONLY) ▸ Input Type Display LED : LED indicating a current input among PNP Type or NPN Type. ▸ Input Type Selection Switch : Selection Switch for Input Type. (PNP, NPN) ▸ Outside Signal Input : Input Terminal for Outside Signal. (Sensor Output Signal) ▸ Mode Setting Switch : Setting Switch for EXT, 100 lmp/s, and 1000 lmp/s ▸ DC 0V Input : DC 0V Input Terminal. ▸ Mode Display LED : Displays currently-setting mode. ▸ Select Switch : Setting switch for the display of Count or Frequency. ▸ State Display LED : Displays the state of currently-setting Select Switch.
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⑤ Application Module A (Lighting Control)
[Figure 1-15] Lamp Control Application Module Panel ▸ Control Signal Input : Driving terminal of an application module, by connecting with ED-6832 application module driving output signal. ▸ DC 24V Input : DC 24V Power Input Terminal. ▸ AC220V Input
⑥ Application Module B (Air Pressure Automatic Door)
[Figure 1-16] Pneumatic Control Application Module Panel ▸ Control Signal Input : Driving terminal of an application module, by connecting with ED-6832 application module driving output signal.
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ED-6830
▸ DC 24V Input : DC 24V Power Input Terminal. ▸ Air Pressure Input
⑦ Application Module C (Temperature Control)
[Figure 1-17] Temperature Control Application Module Panel ▸ Control Signal Input : Driving terminal of an application module, by connecting with ED-6832 application module driving output signal. ▸ DC 24V Input : DC 24V Power Input Terminal. ▸ AC220V Input
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⑧ Application Module D (Motor Control)
[Figure 1-18] Motor Control Application Module Panel ▸ Control Signal Input : Driving terminal of an application module, by connecting with ED-6832 application module driving output signal.
3) Precautions ▸ Polarity should be carefully checked and authorized at time of DC power supply connection. ▸ Application Module C(Temp. Control) produces heat out and great carefulness is required for any burn. ▸ Application Module A (Lighting Control) with a hot bulb requires a great caution at time of its driving.
45
ED-6830❚❚❚❚ PC BASED SENSOR APPLICATION TRAINER
설치 SOFTWARE 소프트웨어 INSTALLATION
22
CHAPTER CHAPTER
2-1. 운용 프로그램 설치 가이드 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 47 2-1. INSTALLATION GUIDE TO APPLICATION 2-1-1. PC 기본 사양
2-2-3. 장비의 Self-Test를 위한 Loop-Back Test 조작 순서 2-2-1. ED-6830 Application Program Screen Explanation 2-2-2. General Program Application Order 2-2-3. Handling Order of Equipment Self-Test
Loop-Back Test for
CHAPTER
2❙SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
2-1. Guide to Application Program Installation ED-6830 is a device for control and measurement on PC basis, and in order to use it, the corresponding software needs to be installed on PC. To operate ED-6830 Sensor Trainer, the following PC specifications are recommended:
2-1-1. PC Basic Specification ▸ Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows NT 4.0, Windows XP ▸ Over Pentium3 500MHz ▸ Over Usable 100MB in Hard Disk ▸ RAM 256MB ▸ CD-ROM Drive ▸ Mouse or Other Compatible Input Devices ▸ PC with Serial Port
2-1-2. Precautions For the safe installation of the program, any other application programs in process are to be terminated and then insert an installation program CD into a PC CD-ROM drive.
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ED-6830
2-1-3. ED-6830 Program Setup 1) Once the arranged CD is inserted into CD-ROM drive, installations starts with Auto-Run. 2) When an early Setup screen is on, push Next to start an installation.
3) When a window for installation path setup is on, push Next to continue the process. (Basic path is used for an installation, without changing the installation path.)
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4) Once Application Install is ready, push Next to start the installation.
5) Once the installation starts, installation process bar shows the ongoing installation state.
51
ED-6830
6) When a message of the successful installation appears, push Finish to complete the installation.
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2-2. Guide to Application Program Operation 2-2-1. ED-6830 Screen Explanation for Application Program
The following sequence to start a program brings the control program panel above to appear: PC Start ➡ Program(P) ➡ ED-6830. Then, let us inspect each of the functions. ① Waveform Storage : Button for saving a necessary waveform at ED-6830 practice tests into the form of "bmp" image file. ② Data-Log : Button for saving a necessary Data at practice tests into the Data file with Excel.
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ED-6830
③ Test Launch : Button for appointing test items and launching practice tests. ④ DSO : Screen that displays A/D Converter Input in the form of Digital Oscilloscope. ⑤ Strip Chart2) : Strip Chart. ⑥ Cursor Horizontal Portable Knob : Gets Cursor to take a horizontal mobility to X-axis(time) when Cursor is activated. ⑦ Screen Activation Button : When LED in button Run is On, it means a continual renewal mode of measuring value by screen Oscilloscope, but when LED becomes Off, measuring value is not renewed and maintains the previous value, instead. ⑧ Remote Convertible Switch : ED-6830 is set up as Local Mode, once the power supply is first On. Therefore, to have a remote control with a PC control program, Remote should convert Mode. ⑨ Time Division Knob : Measuring time becomes shorter, when Time division setup knob turns on the right, while measuring time gets longer when it turns on the left. Cursor On/Off Switch : Adjustment Switch for Cursor Activation and Inactivation. Reset Switch : Switch for setting variable synchronization with PC control program and ED-6830 unit, after converting Remote Mode. Frequency Display : Displays Wave frequency with a current output of D/A Converter
2) It literally means “Long-term recording diagram(recording unit) in use of long-band-shaped paper" and is a display method with a display area in successive scrolling.
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DC Voltage Display : Displays DC voltage with D/A Converter-based output. Output Waveform Frequency Setting Knob : Functions as setting of a fixed output frequency, and the frequency becomes high when the knob turns on the right, while it becomes low when it turns on the left. Sine Curve Selection Switch: Helps to output sine curve from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. Upward Sawtooth Wave Selection Switch : Helps to output an upward sawtooth wave from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. DC Voltage Selection Switch : Helps to output DC voltage from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. Square Wave Selection Switch: Helps to output a square wave from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. Downward Sawtooth Wave Selection Switch : Helps to output a downward sawtooth wave from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. Pyramidal Wave Selection Switch : Helps to output pyramidal wave from D/A Converter Wave OUT module. DC Voltage Output Level Setting : Sets up a output voltage level when a output waveform is DC voltage. Screen Conversion Control Tap : Used to move from control program to necessary pages for test assignments and other block diagrams. Basic Panel : Describing site of wiring diagram for practice test and other requirements.
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ED-6830
A/D Converter Control Input Switch : Input Terminal Switch for the control of A/D Converter Chip ADC0804. A/D Converter Pin State Display : Displays the state of each pin of current A/D Converter. A/D Converter Theoretical Document : Button that calls for an arranged documentation about the types of A/D Converter and relevant theories. ADC0804 data sheet : Buttons calling for ADC0804의 Data sheet. Measuring Mode Setting Switch : In case of an automatic measurement of Oscilloscope measuring mode selection switch, ADC0804 control input terminal performs its function with an automatic control, but when it comes to a hand-operated measurement, a user should manipulate a switch to the control order of ADC0804 for a normal measurement. Manual mode conversion limits its measurement to DC mode. Document Window : Provides necessary basic theory and job sheet for practice tests.
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2-2-2. General Program Operation Sequence 1) Connects RS-232 Cable and Power Supply Cable provided for ED-6830. (RS-232 Serial Port is sure to use Port1.) 2) ED-6830 power should be On. 3) ED-6830 is set as Local mode at time of the first power input. To have a Remote control from PC, therefore, first start ED-6830 Program and press the switch no.⑧ to change to Remote control mode, and press the button Reset _ times for the motivation of equipment and program. 4) All controls after this are possible by program on PC. 5) In case of any request for conversion to Local control mode during the unit operation, press Local switch on the unit or press no.⑧ on program to change into Local mode. The unit on Local mode operates only with DC voltage mode but doesn't operate with Wave generation mode.
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ED-6830
2-2-3. Loop-Back Test Manipulation Sequence for Unit Self-Test 1) Connects RS-232 Cable and Power Supply Cable provided for ED-6830. (RS-232 Serial Port is sure to use Port1.) 2) ED-6830 power should be On. 3) Use the provided Banana Cable to connect D/A Converter output terminal and A/D Converter input terminal by polarity. 4) Starts an application Program of ED-6830 PC. 5) Press Remote switch no.⑧ on program control panel to change to Remote control mote, and then push the button Reset times for the motivation of equipment and program. 6) First, press a switch no. to measure a sine curve, and you can see a cycle of sine curve on a scope screen. At this very moment, you can turn the switch no. to the left to set a measuring time long for observation of several cycles. 7) The above manipulation and observation can be applied to the rest of waveform and manipulation switch repeatedly, and if there is any problem, it means that the unit is being operated under normal condition.
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ED-6830 PC-based Sensor Application Practice Test Device
1) CdS Cell CdS Cell belongs to the classification of photoconductive cell and can be, so called, an optical variable resistor with a changable inner resistance caused by provided amount of light energy. It is a photoconductive with cadmium sulfide as a main element and additionally has CdSe and CdS·Se in terms of structure material, applying a photoconductive effect, with its application in wide range of use. Besides, CdS Cell is divided by its manufacturing method into a single crystal form, small crystal form(multi crystal form), and deposition form. As for a multi crystal, a temporary configuration can be made, for it forms a find crystal layer on boards like ceramics, with a light receiving dimension in greater scale compared to single crystal cell, and also high sensitivity can be obtained from it. In particular, CdS has been widely used as a sensor for sunshine meters, such as streetlight flasher sensor, camera autoexposure(AE), and road post, for its spectral response is similar to a human visibility feature.
2) Special Features of CdS Cell The size of CdS Cell varies from 5 to 32mm in external diameter. It is weak against humidity and airtight sealing is applied with two ways - one is glass sealing type and the other is metal case type. Also, for low price policy, there are plastic case type and resin coating type, but upgraded coating materials brought an improved weatherability trustworthiness, and resin coating type is now in wide distribution due to low price and configuration freedom. Followings are CdS Cell features : ‣ Retains a spectrum sensitivity in luminous energy sphere. ‣ Interchange motion to be available. ‣ Strong against noises.
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ED-6830
‣ Later in response speed compared to other photo sensors. ‣ Spectrum sensitivity around luminous energy sphere is likely to have an ambient light become a disturbance light.
3) CdS Cell Functional Principles The Table 1-1 below presented CdS Cell structure. When you install an electrode at both end of CdS Cell, putting it in the dark, and authorizing a voltage, you can see a small current(negative current) flow on an amperemeter. This current is small and cell shows high resistance. When light is applied to the CdS Cell, electric current(positive current) flows. Positive current normally presents a signal element and negative current shows a noise element. CdS Cell Resistance gets low when an irradiation light becomes strong, and gets high when it becomes weak. Accordingly, CdS Cell Resistance varies by light strongness/weakness. The use of this attribute explains the basic functional principles of CdS.
[Figure 1-1] CdS Cell Structure
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1-1-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands CdS feature alteration by changes to radiation intensity, along with extended applications.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
3
OU6830-7
1
CdS
OS6830-4
1
Application Module A
LA6830-21
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Optical Transform Device
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 1-2]
[Figure 1-3]
CdS Module
Scene of Wiring for CdS Test
65
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 1-4] CdS Wiring Diagram for Practice Test
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, OU6830-7, and OS6830-4 on business profile. In particular, the gap of sensing side between OU6830-7 and OS6830-4 should be minimized and placed. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a serial cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turns ED-6831 power on, to run an application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching "CdS Wiring Diagram of Practice Test". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power on and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at HIGH RESISTANCE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡
66
Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a while line appears on the DSO screen.(The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ CdS” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-5] Application Program Screen for CdS Practice Test
⑧ Sets D/A Converter output with DC and takes a variable voltage to observe output voltage and unique output value, with its value recorded on Table 1-2.
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ED-6830
D/A Output Voltage
Output Voltage
Unique Output
0 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
2 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
4 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
6 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
8 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
10 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
12 [V]
[V]
[Ω]
Remarks
※ D/A Converter output voltage of ED-6831 isn't set as a precise integer voltage based on D/A Converter features, so an approximate value is set, instead.
⑨ How does CdS output make changes by a radiation intensity alteration? Make a graph based on the data of Table 1-2 as above.
Once you set D/A output voltage on 0[V] and clicks the button Data-Log of the application program, a file named "CdS Feature Test" is saved as shown in Table 1-6.
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[Figure 1-6] CdS Output Value Storage
As shown in no.⑧, you can adjust the DC output voltage of D/A Converter and clicks a button for test termination to exit the test. You forms a chart with a Excel chart function by opening the file "CdS Feature Test" saved in Excel file. Let us compare and analyze the graph for no.⑨ and Excel chart.
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ED-6830
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Understands CdS feature alteration by changes to radiation intensity, along with extended applications.
[Figure 1-7] Wiring Diagram for CdS Application Test
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Table 1-7, and sets up REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 7[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832. ② Fixes D/A Converter output at 12[V] and gets application module bulbs to be On and Off, with D/A Converter voltage decreased, and then sets it at 12[V] again. How does the application module operate? ③ The process no.② takes a repeat test, as REFERENCE VOLTAGE is fixed differently in the process no.① using Vref ADJ knob.
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1-2. Photo-Diode 1-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Photo-Diode Photo-Diode is a kind of optical sensor that transforms an optical energy into an electric energy, and consists of semiconductor P-N copula added with an optical detection function. There is a general physical interaction between light and material. in which material absorbs optical energy and consequently emits an electron which is called photoelectric effect. Besides, there is a photovoltaic effect that has a voltage at semiconductor copula as a result of photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic effect can also be found between metal electrode and semiconductor, and between electrode and electrolyte. Photo-Diode is the cell in use of photoelectric effect that occurs at PN copula which forms p type layer on n type board, and consists of a dielectric layer on the surface for an effective use of incident rays. Photo-Diode uses materials that can form PN junction, such as Si, Ge, GaAs, and InGaAs. Light receiving wavelength varies in its sphere by material, shape, and PN junction location. Table 1-8 below shows the functional principles of Photo-Diode.
[Figure 1-8] Photo-diode Functional Principles and Many Types of Photo-diode
Electron goes upward to conduction band, if incident ray energy is greater than bandcap energy(Eg), with holes left in a valence band. This occurs p layer, depletion layer, and n layer inside a cell, and the electron in depletion layer accelerates toward n layer and holes toward p layer, by means of electric field operation. The electron generated in n layer is assembled to n layer conduction
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ED-6830
band with the electron from p layer, while a hole extensively accelerates from n layer to PN junction and is assembled to p layer valence band. Therefore, inner Photo-Diode applies a respective electrification to positive(+) on p layer and negative(-) on n layer, in proportion to the amount of incident rays, to form a kind of generator. Light receiving sphere of Photo-Diode is mainly decided by junction structure, but is generally used from 400 to 1100nm in wavelength sphere, showing the maximized sensitivity especially between 700 and 900nm. Photo-Diode contains the following features : ‣ Possesses a good linearity in optical current output of incident rays. ‣ Shows a good response feature. ‣ Contains broadband wavelength sensitivity. ‣ Low in noises. ‣ Small in size and light in weight. ‣ Strong against turbulence and impact. ‣ Low in output current.
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1-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands and applies various features of Photo-Diode in terms of radiation intensity alteration.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
OU6830-7
1
Photo Diode
OS6830-5
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Optical Transform Device
[Figure 1-9] Photo-Diode Module
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 1-10] Scene of Photo-Diode Wiring
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ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 1-11] Wiring Diagram for Photo-Diode Practice Test
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, OU6830-7, and OS6830-5 on business profile. In particular, OU6830-7 and OS6830-5 are placed at intervals of approx. 10cm to 12cm. ② Uses AC220V power cable to connect power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, then turns ED-6831 power On to execute an application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching "Wiring Diagram of Photo Diode for Practice Test". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at CURRENT. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a while line appears on the DSO screen.(The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.)
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⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Photo-Diode” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-12] Application Program Screen for Photo-Diode Practice Test
⑧ Sets D/A Converter output with DC and takes a variable voltage to observe output voltage and unique output value, with its value recorded on Table 1-4.
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ED-6830
D/A Output Voltage
Output Voltage
Unique Output
0 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
2 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
4 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
6 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
8 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
10 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
12 [V]
[V]
[㎂]
Remarks
※ D/A Converter output voltage of ED-6831 isn't set as a precise integer voltage based on D/A Converter features, so an approximate value is set, instead.
⑨ How does Photo-Diode output make changes by a radiation intensity alteration? Make a graph based on the data of Table 1-4 as above.
Once you set D/C output voltage of D/A Converter as 0[V] and clicks the button Data-Log of the application program, a file named "Photo-Diode Feature Test" is saved as shown in Table 1-13.
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[Figure 1-13] Photo-Diode Output Value Storage
As shown in no.⑧, you can adjust the DC output voltage of D/A Converter and clicks a button for test termination to exit the test. You forms a chart with a Excel chart function by opening the file "Photo-Diode Feature Test" saved in Excel file. Let us compare and analyze the graph for no.⑨ and Excel chart.
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ED-6830
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Photo-Diode application capability can be acquired through the application practice test.
[Figure 1-14] Wiring Diagram for Photo-Diode Application Test
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Table 1-14, and sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE as 5[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832. ② Raises DC output voltage of D/A Converter on a gradual basis. How does the application module work out? ③ The process no.② takes a repeat test, as REFERENCE VOLTAGE is fixed differently in the process no.① using Vref ADJ knob.
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1-3. Photo-Transistor 1-3-1. Relevant Knowledge
1) Photo-Transistor When light is applied to PN copula, an electron and hole made from light energy takes an output process to an exterior circuit. Once an electron and hole are created by incident rays, countercurrent increases, and an output current responding to the incident rays is obtained, which is called an optical current. Photo-Transistor has two types - diode cell of PN junction and triode cell of NPN junction, among which NPN junction with amplifying function has been used for recent Photo-Transistor in many cases. Besides, Photo-Transistor also has silicon and germanium, among which silicon Photo-Transistor is mostly used in terms of sensitivity and stability. The following Table 1-15 is the structure of NPN Silicon Photo-Transistor. Unlike a normal Transistor which needs a base electrode, some Photo-Transistors do not have any electrode, for light replaces a base current.
[Figure 1-15] Structure of Photo-Transistor and Many Types of Photo-Transistor
Now that light receiving sensitivity of Photo-Transistor shows the most efficiency, when wavelength stays near approx. 8000Å, GaAs light emitting diode or tungsten lamp executes the most efficient light energy transformation. Besides, a good responsiveness leads to multiple use in high-speed switching.
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ED-6830
Features of Photo-Transistor are as follows :
‣ Very large in optical output current. ‣ Small-sized and easy to handle. ‣ Little elapse of the year, good durability, and great signalization. ‣ Little negative current found with stability. Photo-Transistor can be applicable to the following fields. ‣ Card Tape Reader ‣ Photoconductive Pattern Recognition ‣ Photoelectric Type Counter ‣ Infra-red Directory ‣ Photoelectric Type Automatic Control Unit
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1-3-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands and applies various features of Photo-Transistor in terms of radiation intensity alteration.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
OU6830-7
1
Photo Transistor
OS6830-6
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Optical Transform Device
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 1-16] Photo Transistor Module
[Figure 1-17] Scene of Photo Transistor Wiring
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ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 1-18] Wiring Diagram of Photo Transistor for Practice Test
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, OU6830-7, and OS6830-5
on
business profile. In particular, OU6830-7 and OS6830-6 are placed at intervals of approx. 10cm to 12cm. ② Uses AC220V power cable to connect power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a serial cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turns ED-6831 power on, to run the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching "Wiring Diagram of Photo Transistor for Practice Test". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at HIGH CURRENT.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a while line appears on the DSO screen.(The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Photo-Tr” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-19] Application Program Screen for Photo-Transistor Practice Test
⑧ Sets D/A Converter output as DC and takes a variable voltage to observe output voltage and unique output value, with its value recorded on Table 1-6.
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ED-6830
D/A Output Voltage
Output Voltage
Unique Output
0 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
2 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
4 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
6 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
8 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
10 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
12 [V]
[V]
[㎃]
Remarks
※ D/A Converter output voltage of ED-6831 isn't set as a precise integer voltage based on D/A Converter features, so an approximate value is set, instead.
⑨ How does Photo-Transistor output make changes by a radiation intensity alteration? Make a graph based on the data of Table 1-6 as above.
Once you set D/C output voltage of D/A Converter as 0[V] and clicks the button Data-Log of the application program, a file named "Photo-Transistor Feature Test" is saved as shown in Table 1-20.
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[Figure 1-20] Photo-Transistor Output Value Storage
As shown in no.⑧, you can adjust the DC output voltage of D/A Converter and clicks a button for test termination to exit the test. You forms a chart with a Excel chart function by opening the file "Photo-Transistor Feature Test" saved in Excel file.
Let us compare and analyze the graph for no.⑨ and Excel chart.
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ED-6830
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Photo-Transistor application capability can be acquired through the application practice test.
[Figure 1-21] Wiring Diagram of Photo Transistor for Practice Test
① Uses a circuit connection cable for connection by wiring diagrams as shown in Table 1-21. ② Uses a Vref ADJ volume of ED-6832 and sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 5[V]. Does the application module FAN keep rotating? ③ Raises DC output voltage of D/A Converter on a gradual basis. How does the application module work out? ④ The process no.③ takes a repeat test, as REFERENCE VOLTAGE is fixed differently in the process no.② using Vref ADJ knob.
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1-4. Reflective Optical Sensor 1-4-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Optical Sensor Module type Optical Sensor, rather than detecting light itself quantitatively, uses light to detect existence and nonexistence of an object, or is used for the decision of speed or location, as well as widely used for level detection or identification of a specific indication. Optical Sensor has many types like its wide range of application area, largely divided into a single unit and separation unit, based on whether or not a sender or emitter & receiver are formed, among which a single unit is divided into direct reflective type and mirror reflective type. This type of classification is also applied to Fiber Optical Sensor which is used for the detection of minute part or any worrying impact like temperature or mechanic transformation caused by surrounding environments.
① Reflective Unlike a separation sensor, direct reflective sensor contains sender or emitter & receiver in one body, featuring a single-acting determination of detection distance, and uses a detection method for an object existence by getting the light from floodlight part to be reflected from the target object surface to reach the receiver. When light reflecting on the receiver comes in, we call it Light On type, for it is judged that there is an object when it becomes bright, as shown in Table 1-22 for a case study. Direct reflective sensor is not as complicated as a reflective type or mirror reflective sensor which need to keep some steady distance through a consistent optical axis, but when the sensing object is black, detection is not possible and lots of caution need to be considered. In general, the sensing distance of a direct reflective sensor is shorter than other optical sensors, but some of the recent optical sensors contain a detection capability up to many meters(m), and its application has been a lot more diversified by means of an optical fiber.
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ED-6830
[Figure 1-22] Application and Exterior of Reflective Optical Sensor
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1-4-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of transmission type optical sensor and grasps its principle through several changes to compositions.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
OS6900-11
1
Composition Set
DS6900-40
1
Lamp & Buzzer
LB6900-35
1
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Vernier Calipers
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Application Test
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Proximity Photo Sensor
Remarks
[Figure 1-23] Reflective Type
[Figure 1-24] Wiring Scene of Reflective
Optical Sensor Module
Type Optical Sensor Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 1-25] Wiring Scene of Reflective Optical Sensor for Practice Test
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, OS6900-11, and SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
ED-6831 power on and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching "Wiring Diagram of Reflective Optical Sensor for Practice Test". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at NPN TYPE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡
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Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Direct Reflective Type” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-26] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Reflective Optical Sensor
⑧ Equips a slide unit (SU6900-41) to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor and firmly sticks vernier callipers to a magnetic part, and adjusts the starting point to "0" by setting a zero point of vernier callipers. (Sets up a sensor "sens." as minimum with a driver for adjustability.) ⑨ Identifies a detection feature and motion attribute in regard to colors, by approaching a sensor in rotation of parti-colored acrylic among provided compositions, and then records on Table 1-8 a recognition distance by composition type and material. (Recognition distance
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makes use of vernier callipers.)
Composition Type
Recognition Distance
Blue Acrylic
[mm]
Red Acrylic
[mm]
Transparent Acrylic
[mm]
White Acrylic
[mm]
Black Acrylic
[mm]
Remarks
[Figure 1-27] Wiring and Motion Features of Reflective Type Optical Sensor
Converts a reflective type optical sensor output into PNP and sets Select Switch of ED-6832 as PNP TYPE, to repeat the above process for a test. Connects the reflective type optical sensor output to
Lamp & Buzzer
Module (LB6900-35) or Counter Module(CM6900-36) and takes a test.
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[Figure 1-28] How to Wire and Use a Counter Module
[Figure 1-29] How to Wire and Use a Lamp & Buzzer Module
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of a reflective type optical sensor can be acquired by an application practice test.
[Figure 1-30] Wiring Diagram for the Application Test of Reflective Type Optical Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 1-30. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and gets white acrylic near an optical sensor to take a look with some gradual distance. ③ From what distance does the application module start to work? Takes a test using some compositions.
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1-5. Transmission Optical Sensor 1-5-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Optical Sensor Module type Optical Sensor, rather than detecting light itself quantitatively, uses light to detect existence and nonexistence of an object, or is used for the decision of speed or location, as well as widely used for level detection or identification of a specific indication. Optical Sensor has many types with its wide range of application areas, largely divided into a single unit and separation unit, based on whether or not a sender & receiver are formed, among which a single unit is divided into direct reflective type and mirror reflective type. This type of classification is also applied to Fiber Optical Sensor which is used for the detection of minute part or any worrying impact like temperature or mechanical transformation caused by surrounding environments.
① Transmission Type : Through Beam Transmission type optical sensor, as shown in Figure 1-31 below, consists of a sender which emits light and a receiver that receive light under a different body. It is a sensor which creates an output signal through an isolation and transmission, in which a sender and receiver face each other, with an optical axis fixed into them, to let an object go through the opening. This type of sensor is hardly used for detecting a transparent object, and when it needs to be used with several sensors placed vertically, keen attention is required, for it may bring an error by a light extension.
[Figure 1-31] Application Fields and Exterior of Transmission Type Optical Sensor
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1-5-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of transmission type optical sensor and grasps its principles through the changes to many compositions.
1) Test Unit
96
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Proximity Photo Sensor Composition Set
-
1
-
1set
-
2
OS6900-9,10
1조
DS6900-40
1
Lamp & Buzzer
LB6900-35
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Remarks
Floodlighting, Light Receiving
Application Test
[Figure 1-32] Transmission Type
[Figure 1-33] Wiring Scene of Transmission Type
Optical Sensor Module
Optical Sensor Test
2) Test Method
[Figure 1-34] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Transmission Type Optical Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and OS6900-9,10 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable to connect power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, then turns ED-6831 power On to execute an application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Transmission Type Optical Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at NPN TYPE.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen.(The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Transmission Type” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-35] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Transmission Type Optical Sensor
⑧ Places an optical sensor face to face and confirms it if the current optical sensor operates. ⑨ Identifies a detection feature and motion attribute of optical sensor by colors, by approaching a sensor in rotation of parti-colored acrylic among provided compositions, and then records on Table 1-10 a sensing result by composition type and material.
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Composition Type
Sensing Result(○,×)
Remarks
Blue Acrylic Red Acrylic Transparent Acrylic White Acrylic Black Acrylic
[Figure 1-36] Wiring Diagram and Motion Features of Transmission Type Optical Sensor
Converts a transmission type optical sensor output into PNP and sets Select Switch of ED-6832 as PNP TYPE, to repeat the above process for a test. Connects the transmission type optical sensor output to Lamp & Buzzer Module (LB6900-35) or Counter Module(CM6900-36) and takes a test.
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[Figure 1-37] How to Wire and Use a Counter Module
[Figure 1-38] How to Wire and Use Lamp & Buzzer Module
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of a transmission type optical sensor can be acquired by an application practice test.
[Figure 1-39] Application Test Diagram of Transmission Type Optical Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 1-39. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and gets a transparent acrylic and black acrylic to be near an optical sensor in turn. ③ What color of acrylic makes an application module operate?
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1-6. Optical Fiber 1-6-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Optical Sensor Module Type Optical Sensor, rather than detecting light itself quantitatively, uses light to detect existence and nonexistence of an object, or is used for the decision of speed or location, as well as widely used for level detection or identification of a specific indication. Optical Sensor has many types with its wide range of application areas, largely divided into a single unit and separation unit, based on whether or not a sender & receiver are formed, among which a single unit is divided into direct reflective type and mirror reflective type. This type of classification is also applied to Fiber Optical Sensor which is used for the detection of minute part or any worrying impact like temperature or mechanical transformation caused by surrounding environments.
① Special Features of Optical Fiber Sensor Optical Fiber Sensor, eliminated a lens which was the absolute condition for a previous photosensor, was designed to detect the existence and nonexistence of mark detection and microminiature object by assembling an optical fiber cable, instead. This sensor can be freely connected and used even at small sites through the flexibility of an optical fiber. Its basic operation principles is similar to the transmission type and reflective type sensor, which is more likely to be the combination type of Optical Fiber and sensor to provide a flexibility to the installation location of a sensor.
[Figure 1-40] Multiple Optical Fiber Sensors
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1-6-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Optical Fiber and grasps its principles through several changes to compositions.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Optical Fiber Composition Set
Remarks
DS6900-14, OS6900-15 1 trillion DS6900-40
1
Lamp & Buzzer
LB6900-35
1
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Incl. Vernier Callipers
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Application Test
[Figure 1-41] Optical Fiber
[Figure 1-42] Wiring Scene of Optical Fiber
Module
Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 1-43] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Optical Fiber
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, DS6900-14, OS6900-15, SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns ED-6831 power on and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for wiring diagrams, after watching “Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Optical Fiber”. ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at NPN TYPE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
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DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Fiber” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-44] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Optical Fiber
⑧ Equips a slide unit (SU6900-41) to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor and firmly sticks vernier callipers to a magnetic part, and adjusts the starting point to "0" by setting a zero point of vernier callipers. ⑨ Connects 0[V] to a Control Terminal to have Light On in motion, and fits a white acrylic into a slide unit(SU6900-41) to control “SENS.” with the adjustability driver, to let Optical Fiber recognize at 40[mm].
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Identifies a detection feature and motion attribute of Optical Sensor by colors, by approaching a sensor in rotation of parti-colored acrylic among provided compositions, and then records on Table 1-12 a recognition distance by composition type and material.(Recognition distance makes the use of vernier callipers.)
Composition Type
Recognition Distance
Blue Acrylic
[mm]
Red Acrylic
[mm]
Transparent Acrylic
[mm]
White Acrylic
[mm]
Black Acrylic
[mm]
Remarks
[Figure 1-45] Wiring and Motion Features of Optical Fiber
Connects an Control Terminal of Optical Fiber to +24V to get Dark On in motion, followed by a test through a repeat process as above. Connects an Optical Fiber Output to Lamp & Buzzer Module(LB6900-35) or Counter Module(CM6900-36) to take a test.
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[Figure 1-46] How to Wire and Use Counter Module
[Figure 1-47] How to Wire and Use Lamp & Buzzer Module
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of Optical Fiber can be acquired by the application practice test.
[Figure 1-48] Wiring Diagram for Application Test of Optical Fiber
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 1-48. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and gets a white acrylic to locate near the sensor. ③ How far does the application module proceed before stopping? Changes compositions in turn to take a test.
[Figure 1-49] Construct Concept Map for Rotary Encoder
When there is a rotating object, Rotary Encoder is used to present a precise rotation angle. Rotary Encoder has 2 types : one is photoelectric in use of LED and optical sensor, the other is magnetic type in use of magnetic sensor. If one uses the Rotary Encoder, it can detect a rotation angle and rotation speed(rotational frequency) per hourly traveling distance. In particular, it can be also used even for a linear scale to the direction of straight line, when one jointly use a certain tool which converts a direction traveling to the straight line into a rotary direction traveling. The Figure 1-49 above shows a construct concept map for Rotary Encoder. Rotary Encoder is divided into 2 types : one is Incremental type and the other is Absolute type. Incremental type, as a demerit, contains an accumulated noises caused by 90° phase difference one another through rotation. Absolute type, on the other hand, owns a hole on a code which corresponds to the location coordinates of a rotation board, to generate an output signal for the code, so one can grasp the current absolute location. Therefore, it hardly occurs, like the incremental type, to lose the location even when the power gets On again after its Off. The resolving power of rotation angle becomes 1/2n when there is a
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ED-6830
hole of n line in the direction of radius. In general, the output signal of Rotary Encoder is easy to use, for it is a digital signal compatible with TTL IC, and it is variously used for : digital media appliances such as XY plotter, electronic typewriter; measuring instruments such as high-precision linear scale or electronic scale; motion instruments including XY table and rotation table.
[Figure 1-50] Actual Scene of Rotary Encoder
110
1-7-2. Purpose of Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Rotary Sensor and grasps its principles, as per the types of sensor.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Optical Fiber
Remarks
OS6900-14, OS6900-15 1 trillion
Proximity Sensor
PS6900-4
1
Counter Module
CM6900-36
1
Motor Speed Controller
MS6900-20
1
M12(PNP)
[Figure 1-52] Wiring Scene of Rotary Sensor [Figure 1-51] Motor Speed Controller
Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 1-53] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Rotary Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, PS6900-4, MS6900-20, CM6900-36, OS6900-14, and OS6900-15 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable to connect power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns the
ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, after watching "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Rotary Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at PNP TYPE.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Rotary Type” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 1-54] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Rotary Sensor
⑧ Installs a lacteal gland type sensor and Optical Fiber on both side of Motor Speed Controller(MS6900-20) at their optimum angle. ⑨ Connects an output of each sensor to a counter module input terminal NPN and PNP. Sets a speed control switch at "1" with a fixed motor speed in steadiness, and uses a mode select switch of counter module to compare and test a frequency response feature of lacteal gland type sensor and Optical Fiber.
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Uses a speed control switch to make speed variable step by step, and then make a repeat test as above, followed by recording a sensor output in each phase on the Table 1-14, along with the storage
① Capacitive Proximity Sensor Capacitive Proximity Sensor makes use of the principle that a capacitance between a detection electrode and a ground rises when a detection object approaches sensor, so detections of all objects such as a conductor and dielectric substance are possible. Capacitance is determined by types of electrode conductor size, electrode interval, and dielectric substance. Figure 2-1 below shows the simple definition of Capacitive Proximity Sensor. When there is no cracker, capacitance C 1 has been formed between test plate and board. As the cracker enters a specific area, the body forms 2 new capacitors around. That is, supposing that C a, as capacitance between body and test plate, and C b as the one between body and board, we can find a new capacitance between test plate and ground as follows :
C = C 1 + △C
= C1+
C aC b C a +C b
As such, when someone breaks into sensor, capacitance between sensor electrode and ground shows a substantial increase. Followings are the summarized features of Capacitive Proximity Sensor(Switch) : Strengths : Unlike a lacteal gland type sensor, an electric field is used as detection media. So, it is also possible to detect metal and dielectric substance. Besides, since detection is drawn by the difference of dielectric substances, it is possible to sense an object contained in non-metal utensils such as paper, glass, and plastic. Additionally, it is not influenced by the exterior condition of detection object such as polish or color, and the detection of transparent object is also possible. Weakness : Rather slower in response speed than a lacteal gland style. Capacitive
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Proximity Sensor has now completed with its development, so it can detect a wet detection object without any maloperation.
[Figure 2-1] Appearance and Motion Principle of Module Type Proximity Sensor
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2-1-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of capacitive proximity sensor and grasps its principles through several changes to compositions.
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Proximity Sensor
PS6900-6
1
Capacitive
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Incl. vernier callipers
Composition Set
DS6900-40
1
Lamp & Buzzer
LB6900-35
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
1) Test Unit
[Figure 2-2] Capacitive Proximity
[Figure 2-3] Wiring Scene of Capacitive Proximity
Sensor Module
Sensor Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 2-4] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Capacitive Proximity Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, PS6900-6, and SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, after watching "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Capacitive Proximity Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at NPN TYPE.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Optical Sensor ➡ Capacitive Proximity Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 2-5] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Capacitive Proximity Sensor
⑧ Equips a slide unit (SU6900-41) to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor and firmly sticks vernier callipers to a magnetic part, and adjusts the starting point to "0" by setting a zero point of vernier callipers. ⑨ Identifies a detection feature and motion attribute of sensor as per color and material, by approaching the provided compositions to sensor in turn, and then records on Table 2-2 a recognition distance by types and materials of composition.(Recognition distance makes the use of vernier callipers.)
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Composition Type
Recognition Distance
Brass
[mm]
Stainless Steel
[mm]
Aluminium
[mm]
Copper
[mm]
Plastic
Transp arent
[mm]
Black
[mm]
Sensing Result (○,×)
Remarks
Connects an Capacitive Proximity Sensor Output to Lamp & Buzzer Module(LB6900-35) or Counter Module(CM6900-36) to take a test.
[Figure 2-6] How to Wire and Use Counter Module
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[Figure 2-7] How to Wire and Use a Lamp & Buzzer Module
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capacity of Capacitive Proximity Sensor can be acquired by the application practice test.
[Figure 2-8] Wiring Diagram for Application Test of Capacitive Proximity Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 2-8. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and one secures some distances from it through a slide unit (SU6900-41), after getting a metal composition to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor. ③ From what distance does the application module start to motion? You can change compositions to take a test.
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2-2. Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor 2-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor Lacteal Gland Style or High Frequency Oscillation Proximity Sensor is used for the detection of metallic object and particularly shows a good detection sensitivity and long detection distance for a ferrous target. Detection coil wound up by ferrite core consists of part of high-frequency oscillator circuit. Alternating current flows through a detection coil to generate high-frequency magnetic field, and once metallic object enters the inner part of the magnetic field, eddy current flows through the inner part of metal conductor by an electronic induction action, which causes a loss of heat. This leads to the change in loss resistance of the detection coil and inductance. This change takes an output through the change of oscillation frequency or oscillation amplitude of oscillation circuit. Figure 2-9 below shows the constitution and motion principle of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor.
[Figure 2-9] Structure and Exterior of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor
[Figure 2-10] Application Fields of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor
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2-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor and grasps its principles through several changes to compositions.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Proximity Sensor
PS6900-1
1
Inductive
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Incl. vernier callipers
Composition Set
DS6900-40
1
Lamp & Buzzer
LB6900-35
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
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Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 2-11] Lacteal Gland Style
[Figure 2-12] Actual Wiring Scene of Lacteal
Proximity Sensor Module
Gland Style Proximity Sensor
2) Test Method
[Figure 2-13] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, PS6900-1, and SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at NPN TYPE.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Proximity Sensor ➡ Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 2-14] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor
⑧ Equips a slide unit (SU6900-41) to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor and firmly sticks vernier callipers to a magnetic part, and adjusts the starting point to "0" by setting a zero point of vernier callipers. ⑨ Identifies a detection feature and motion attribute of sensor as per color and material, by approaching the provided compositions to sensor in turn, and then records on Table 2-4 a recognition distance by types and materials of composition.(Recognition distance makes the use of vernier callipers.)
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Composition Type
Recognition Distance
Brass
[mm]
Stainless Steel
[mm]
Aluminium
[mm]
Copper
[mm]
Plastic
Transp arent
[mm]
Black
[mm]
Sensing Result (○,×)
Remarks
Connects an Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor Output to Lamp & Buzzer Module(LB6900-35) or Counter Module(CM6900-36) to take a test.
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[Figure 2-15] How to Wire and Use a Counter Module
[Figure 2-16] How to Wire and Use a Lamp & Buzzer Module
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capacity of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor can be acquired by the application practice test.
[Figure 2-17] Wiring Diagram for Application Test of Lacteal Gland Style Proximity Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 2-17. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and secures some distances gradually from it through a slide unit (SU6900-41), after getting a metal composition to be consistent with a sensing side of sensor. ③ From what distance does the application module start to motion? You can change compositions to take a test.
3-4-1.실험 Relevant 3-4-2. 실습 Knowledge 3-4-2. Practice Test
CHAPTER
3❙DYNAMIC SENSOR
3-1. LOAD CELL 3-1-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) LOAD CELL Load Cell is sensor which outputs an elastic body strain by load that is transformed into an electronic signal, after applying strain gage to a metallic conductor. The manufacturing outline of commercialized Load Cell takes as follows : As 4 strain gages generating a tension and compressure are connected in the form of bridge circuit, each junction is constituted additionally by zero compensation, temperature compensation, and young modules compensated resistance, along with a structure of dampproofing and secrecy preservation. Strain gage of 350Ω primary resistance is used for most of Load Cells many times, with a precision as approx. 1/1000 to 1/5000. Regarding a bridge simulation voltage 1V, it presents 1 to 4㎷ sensitivity at maximum load and simulation voltage is generally between 10V and 20V. Deformation under a rated load is designed to be within 0.2mm, with natural frequency mostly less than 300㎐. But, an error occurs
involving an eccentric load, when the load
applied to Load button doesn't take a vertical direction towards deformation, and a measuring error by angles shows approx. 0.05 to 1%/deg.
2) Types of LOAD CELL ① Column Type It is column-shaped and load is applied up and down, with 2 pieces of strain gage applied vertically and horizontally for measuring. As for strengths, it is easy for the production of large-capacity Load Cell, but low precision and high error in imposed load leaning on one side require precautions in use.
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② Ring Type It has 4 pieces of strain gages applied to the inner part of round shape, allowing a higher precision than column type, and both use of tension and compressure
as
a
good
point,
while
weak
point
points
out
that
large-capacity and small-capacity production are difficult. ③ Bending Type It pursues a way of measuring a bending amount taken with a rectangular stick in support of one or both side. As for a good point, it is easy to attach and shows high precision, while large-capacity production is difficult
and
structurally
hard
sealing
lies
under
the
environmental
restrictions, as a weak point. ④ Shear type Measuring a sheer stress by attaching strain gage at the angle of 45 degrees, it allows a good lateral load measurement and strong internal force as a good point, but hard processing is a weak point
[Figure 3-1] Many Types of LOAD CELL
136
3-1-2. Practice Test (Ⅰ) Purpose of Test
Understands the features of LOAD CELL and grasps its principles, as per changes to load.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
LOAD CELL
LC6900-30
1
Amplifier Module
AM6900-38
1
Load Set
LS6900-32
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
[Figure 3-2] LOAD CELL Module
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 3-3] Wiring Scene of LOAD CELL Test(Ⅰ)
137
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 3-4] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test(I) of LOAD CELL
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, LS6900-30, AM6900-38 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test(I) of Load Cell". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
138
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Dynamic Sensor
➡ Load Cell ➡ Test(I)” among test Tab
and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 3-5] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Load Cell
⑧ Adjusts all red switches of Amplifier Module(AM6900-38) to OFF (
) and uses OFFSET control knob to fix DSO voltage at
5[V]. ⑨ Uses a load set to put 1kg load on Load Cell installation stall, and then observes an output voltage. This way takes tests by increasing a simulation load by 1kg and records the result on Table 3-2.
139
ED-6830
Simulation Load (kg)
Output Voltage
1
[V]
2
[V]
3
[V]
4
[V]
5
[V]
6
[V]
7
[V]
8
[V]
9
[V]
10
[V]
How does Load Cell output change? Use Table 3-2 Data to make a graph as below.
Inspects output features of Load Cell through the drawn graph in the process.
140
3-1-3. Practice Test (Ⅱ) Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Load Cell and grasps its principles through changes to pressure.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
LOAD CELL
LC6900-30
1
Amplifier Module
AM6900-38
1
Air Pressure Set
-
1set
Compressor
AC-7808
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
[Figure 3-7] Wiring Scene of LOAD CELL [Figure 3-6] LOAD CELL Module
Test(Ⅱ)
141
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 3-8] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test(II) of LOAD CELL
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, LS6900-30, and AM6900-38 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test(II) of Load Cell". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
142
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Dynamic Sensor ➡ Load Cell ➡ Test(II)” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 3-9] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of LOAD CELL
⑧ Adjusts all red switches of Amplifier Module(AM6900-38) to OFF (
) and uses OFFSET control knob to fix DSO voltage at
5[V]. ⑨ Removes the Load Cell installation stall and attaches an air pressure cylinder onto the location instead, followed by the connection in use of air pressure hose, based on compressor, in the following sequence : Compressor ➡ Air Service Unit ➡ Divider ➡ Low Pressure Control Valve ➡ Load Cell Air Pressure Cylinder.
143
ED-6830
Inputs air pressure and uses a low-pressure control valve to increase the pressure of air pressure cylinder before taking a test, and records the result on Table 3-4.
Simulation Pressure(Mpa)
144
Output Voltage
Corresponding Load
0.05
[V]
[㎏]
0.1
[V]
[㎏]
0.15
[V]
[㎏]
0.2
[V]
[㎏]
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capacity of Load Cell can be acquired by the application practice test.
[Figure 3-10] Wiring Diagram for LOAD CELL Application Test
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 3-10. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 5.5[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and increases pressure gradually using a low pressure control valve. ③ At what point does the application module start to motion? Also, How much of load does the pressure correspond to?
145
ED-6830
3-2. Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor 3-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor Pressure Sensor, as a pressure-measuring cell in a process or system, is one of the most widely and multiply-used sensors in : industrial instrumentation, automatic control, medical treatment, auto engine control, environmental control, and electronic appliances. Its measuring principle exploits displacement, transformation, magnetism - thermal conductivity, and frequency, putting many of the types to a current practical use. Due to the advanced semiconductor technology and micro machine technology, people have recently been showing their keen interest in more miniaturized and complicated multiple-function smart sensor.
2) Types of Pressure Sensor ① Mechanical Pressure Sensor Mechanical Pressure Sensor, has many types but its leading one is Bourdon Tube, Diaphragm, and Bellows. Elastic Bourdon is mostly used among them and its section consists of a round or parallel metal pipe, making use of the principle in which other vertical hem of sealed pipes makes a motion when a measuring pressure is introduced from an open fixed end. The motion vector of this pipe line is in proportions to pressure size of the inner pipe, so the motion vector indicates a mechanically-expanded pressure. Diaphragm, and Bellows are also in current use in many cases next to Elastic Bourdon. Diaphragm measures each pressure according to the benting degree of round plate in proportions to a pressure gap, while Bellows measures each pressure based on the displacement in proportions to pressure gaps, by having expand and contract bellows through interior cylinder and exterior pressure gap.
146
② Electronic Pressure Sensor Most of the Electronic Pressure Sensors are basically the same as the mechanical
type,
only
different
in
transformation
part
which
converts
mechanical displacement into electric signals. Capacitive pressure sensor basically exploits a measuring method with which an electric capacitance alteration and in-between displacement of 2 objects(electrode) are measured. Besides, there are other types : piez-electric type using strain gage, piez-electric type using organic or inorganic piez-electric element, and coil style with LVDT inductive type. Optical type pressure sensor using an optical fiber or optical path difference has been recently in practical use, for the purpose of ultra-heat environment or remote sensitivity. Piez-electric sensor utilizing strain gage is holding a predominant position in performance and price, to be most-widely used.
③ Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor Accelerating a recent practical use, Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor shows no creep and excels in linearity, along with a strongness against vibration despite its miniature and light weight. Besides, it boasts of its higher sensitivity and reliability than a mechanical type, as well as excellent mass production. This is composed of 2 parts : one is diaphragm which converts pressure into a leaning stress, and the other is what converts the power from the diaphragm into an electric signal. Diaphragm forms chemically-etched single crystal silicon, and mainly uses piez-electric type and electric capacitance in many cases, though there are other types that exploit a natural frequency alteration of oscillator and surface acoustic wave, through the conversion method which transforms the stress from diaphragm into an electric signal. Piez-electric type among them is called resistance diffusion type or diffusion type, for impurity diffusion process of semiconductor is exploited when piez-electric element needs to be formed. Electric capacitance has an electric capacity between electrodes change, when electrode plate intervals facing one another are changed by exterior stress. Stress is detected when the electric capacity alteration is converted to a electric signal. Electric capacitance, compared to piez-electric resistance, has more complicated structure in its high sensitivity, electrode formation and
147
ED-6830
connection with exterior circuit, and it has few demands due to bad responsiveness. On the other hand, it has an excellent temperature feature, a miniature size and high sensitivity, so lots of advantages are drawn when it is used in low pressure area like living body. Besides, polycrystalline silicon pressure sensor consists of a transformation gage with polycrystalline Si thin film, and the diaphragm made on metal to allow measuring pressure area to be extended. In addition, there is SOS(Silicon On Sapphire) even applicable to a weak environment like high temperature and corrosiveness atmosphere. This sensor exploits the SOS film as a detection element, by having the epitaxial growth of silicon thin film on a sapphire plate.
[Figure 3-11] Many Types of Pressure Sensor
148
3-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor and grasps its principles through changes to pressure.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Pressure Sensor
PS6830-1
1
Air Pressure Set
-
1set
Compressor
-
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 3-12] Semiconductor Type Pressure
[Figure 3-13] Wiring Scene of Semiconductor Type
Sensor Module
Pressure Sensor Test
149
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 3-14] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and PS6830-1 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to
ED-6831 and
PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and
ED-6831, and then turns
the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
150
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Dynamic Sensor ➡Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 3-15] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor
⑧ Applies an air pressure hose to the input part of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor with the following sequence : Compressor ➡ Air Service Unit ➡ Low Pressure Control Valve ➡ Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor. ⑨ Use a low pressure control valve for Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor and increase voltage up to 0.00 ~ 0.1[Mpa] to observe the output and record its value on Table 3-6 before completing a graph. (Maximum input pressure of pressure sensor is 0.1[Mpa].
151
ED-6830
Pressure[Mpa]
Output Voltage
0.01
[V]
0.02
[V]
0.03
[V]
0.04
[V]
0.05
[V]
0.06
[V]
0.07
[V]
0.08
[V]
0.09
[V]
0.1
[V]
Remarks
Adjusts pressure range of low pressure control valve to 0.00[Mpa], and clicks an application program Data-Log to save the file "Feature Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor" as shown in Figure 3-16.
152
As presented in no.⑨, uses a low pressure control valve to increase pressure, followed by the test taken up to 0.1[Mpa] before exiting the test by clicking a test termination. Exploits an Excel chart function to build a chart, after opening the file "Feature Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor" in Excel. Analyzes the features of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor, by comparing the graph drawn at no.⑨ in Excel chart.
[Figure 3-16] Output Storage of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor
153
ED-6830
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Understands CdS feature alteration by changes to radiation intensity, along with extended applications.
[Figure 3-17] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Semiconductor Type Pressure Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 3-17. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and increases pressure gradually using a control valve. ③ At what point does the application module start to motion? Changes REFERENCE VOLTAGE to implements a repeat test.
154
3-3. Flow Sensor 3-3-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Flow Sensor Flow Sensor measures flow using the changes such as fluid pressure, power, location, heat, and frequency. That is, Flow Sensor measures flow using the changes such as fluid pressure, power, location, heat, and frequency. As fluid industry including petrochemistry, auto, aviation, and energy has been in development with its bigger size, a precise and accurate flow measurement is now gaining a lot of importance for an efficient process management and commercial transaction. Regarding flow measurement, there are several flow measuring methods in practical use, for measuring conditions are quite various according to flow state, fluid temperature and pressure, measuring range, and installation site, as well as fluid type as a measuring object. Therefore, when one needs to implement a flow measurement, measuring conditions should be reviewed appropriately beforehand and a required accuracy and convenience in maintenance should also be inspected, before using the sensor eligible for its application. In recent pace with a rapid increase in the employment of electronic flow sensor which measures all kinds of gas for auto and semiconductor industry, desperate necessity for localization is required more than ever.
2) Types The flow sensor in current practical use is largely divided up into 8 types : differential pressure type, area type, positive displacement type, rotative velocity detection type, electronic type, ultrasonic type, parasitic type, and heat type. Differential pressure type flow sensor is most-frequently used especially for an industrial purpose, with its wide application range from small flow to big flow, exploiting the point that the square root of front-and-rear pressure difference of the throttle installed on a pipeline is in proportion to flow. Area type flow sensor changes a throttle size through the combination of taper pipe, buzzer, piston and slit, as well as it is used for minute flow measurement by exploiting the change of throttle size and flow. Positive displacement type flow sensor is mostly used for integrating flowmeter, through a measuring method in
155
ED-6830
which rotor and case, and piston and cylinder are exploited, keeping fluid in a certain measurement with emission repeated in regular cycle, consequently to measure flow by frequency per hour. Turbine flow sensor is used for fluid measurement under difficult environments like high temperature, high pressure, or very low temperature, by exploiting principle that the frequency of rotor is in proportions to flow. Electronic flow sensor features no impact from fluid temperature,
viscosity,
and
density,
by
exploiting
the
principle
that
electromotive force occurs in the direction of right angle toward both sides, after applying a magnetic field at a right angle to the flow of conductivity fluid. Ultrasonic flow sensor is mostly used for a large-caliber pipeline, based on a measuring method in which time difference, phase difference, and Doppler effect are exploited for electric wave velocity alteration of ultrasonic wave by flux. Parasitic type presents Vortex flow sensor as its leading unit, adopting a flow calculating method through the measurement of fluid parasitic frequency. Heat type flow sensor owns a simple structure and wide measuring range, by exploiting the changes in heat diffusion from heating element by flux. In addition to this, the methods adopting the use of mass flow sensor and laser interferometer are available. Mass flow sensor, as a good point, is free from the impact from temperature and pressure, while laster interferometer type is non-contact type with high accuracy, which is mostly used for many researches and standard maintenance.
156
3-3-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Flow Velocity Sensor and grasps its principles through changes to flux.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Flow Sensor
FS6830-3
1
Air Pressure Set
-
1set
Compressor
-
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 3-18] Flow Velocity Sensor
[Figure 3-19] Wiring Scene of Flow
Module
Velocity Sensor Test
157
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 3-20] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Flow Velocity Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and FS6830-3 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to
ED-6831 and
PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Flow Velocity Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
158
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Dynamic Sensor ➡Flow Velocity Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 3-21] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Flow Velocity Sensor
⑧ Applies an air pressure hose to the input part of Flow Velocity Sensor with the following sequence : Compressor ➡ Air Service Unit ➡ Low Pressure Control Valve ➡ Flow Velocity Sensor. ⑨ Use a low pressure control valve for Flow Velocity Sensor and increase voltage up to 0.00 ~ 0.1[Mpa] to observe the output and record its value on Table 3-8 before completing a graph. (Maximum input pressure of pressure sensor is 0.1[Mpa].
159
ED-6830
Pressure[Mpa]
Output Voltage
0.01
[V]
0.02
[V]
0.03
[V]
0.04
[V]
0.05
[V]
0.06
[V]
0.07
[V]
0.08
[V]
0.09
[V]
0.1
[V]
Remarks
Adjusts pressure range of low pressure control valve to 0.00[Mpa], and clicks an application program Data-Log to save the file "Feature Test of Flow Velocity Sensor" as shown in Figure 3-22.
160
As presented in no.⑨, uses a low pressure control valve to increase pressure, followed by the test taken up to 0.1[Mpa] before exiting the test by clicking a test termination. Exploits an Excel chart function to build a chart, after opening the file "Feature Test of Flow Velocity Sensor" in Excel. Analyzes the features of Flow Velocity Sensor, by comparing the graph drawn at no.⑨ in Excel chart.
[Figure 3-22] Output Storage of Flow Velocity
161
ED-6830
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of Flow Velocity Sensor can be fostered through application practice test.
[Figure 3-23] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Flow Velocity Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based correct connection using the circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 3-23. ② Sets REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V] using Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832, and increases pressure gradually with a control valve. ③ At what point does the application module start to motion? Changes REFERENCE VOLTAGE to implements a repeat test.
162
3-4. Acceleration Sensor 3-4-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Acceleration Sensor Acceleration Sensor, designed for the sensing of dynamic mechanical state of acceleration and vibration, detects motion of an object instantaneously and is considered as an essential element not only in various transportation such as auto and aircraft, but also in several engineering fields. Acceleration Sensor, according to detection method, is broadly divided up into inertia type, capacitance type, and semiconductor-type. First of all, inertia type, as shown in Figure 3-24 below, exploits an inertial force from the acceleration applied to mass. When a pendulum is supported by low-friction pivot and acceleration a is imposed, the pendulum gets a displacement to opposite direction, from which the displacement is measured to be converted to acceleration.
[Figure 3-24] Acceleration Sensor through Pendulum
Figure 3-25 below shows an acceleration sensor through vibration and the mass inside elements is fixed with a string on both sides. Once acceleration is applied, the tension of the string on both sides of mass forms a difference,
163
ED-6830
through which the frequency of string is detected to be f1 and f2 each. The difference in frequency is converted into acceleration.
[Figure 3-25] Acceleration Sensor through Vibration
Capacitance Acceleration Sensor is divided up into 2 parts ; one is fixed part as the exterior of element, and the other is the mass with an inner flat board structure, attached to the fixed part. The inner flat board is a function of distance d, and when the distance is changed by acceleration, capacitance varies. The left of Figure 3-26 below shows a section structure of acceleration sensor in use of capacitance. Inner flat board has a sandwich structure and the right figure below shows a low-part cross section of flat board, along with a shape of supporting part for flat board mass. Capacitance acceleration sensor output
is
described
by
acceleration-based
capacitance
difference
and
temperature function. Semiconductor type acceleration sensor supplemented flaws of inertia type. For example, inertia type acceleration sensor is comparatively complicated in structure, heavy, low in credibility, and difficult in mass production of same standard.
164
[Figure 3-26] Structure of Acceleration Sensor by Capacitance
Semiconductor type, on the other hand, based on IC(Integrated Circuit), shows high credibility and is easy for mass production due to its miniature and lightness. It is mainly manufactured by using silicon, and though it has a piez-electric resistance as a leading factor, it exploits piez-electric effect and makes acceleration sensor. Piez-electric acceleration sensor takes a formation of vibration type mass, with cantilever beam hanging on fixed outward shape. Piez-electric resistance element corresponds to a diffusion layer and is formed in cantilever. It is produced on a silicon substrate by etching and has a glass board attached to both sides for capsulation. Piez-electric resistance has a high temperature modulus and an expanded resistance for temperature compensation is manufactured on a chip to compensate that. Figure 3-27 below is the exterior of acceleration sensor of various types.
[Figure 3-27] Various Types of Acceleration Sensor
165
ED-6830
3-4-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands the features of Acceleration Sensor and grasps its principles through changes to acceleration.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
AS6830-2
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable Acceleration Sensor
[Figure 3-28] Acceleration Sensor Module
166
Remarks
2) Test Method
[Figure 3-29] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Acceleration Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and AS6830-2 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to
ED-6831 and
PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Acceleration Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
167
ED-6830
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Dynamic Sensor ➡ Acceleration Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test. ⑧ Adjusts SPEED ADJ knob of acceleration sensor to "1" and observes the sensor output, followed by the storage of waveform through waveform storage function.
[Figure 3-30] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Acceleration Sensor
⑨ Do you see the waveform output as the Figure 3-31 below?
168
[Figure 3-31] Acceleration Sensor Output Waveform
As shown in no.⑧, implement a test with a gradual increase phase by phase and record its output on Table 3-10. (Clicks a button "CLEAR" in each increase by phase.)
Acceleration SPEED ADJ
Forward Direction Max.
Opposite Direction Max.
1
[g]
[g]
2
[g]
[g]
3
[g]
[g]
4
[g]
[g]
5
[g]
[g]
6
[g]
[g]
7
[g]
[g]
Remarks
How does the acceleration sensor output waveform change as acceleration increases?
4-3-1. Knowledge 4-3-2. 실험Relevant 실습 4-3-2. Practice Test
CHAPTER
4❙CHEMICAL SENSOR
4-1. Gas Sensor 4-1-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Gas Sensor Gas Sensor is an element with a function which corresponds to the smell among 5 human senses, as well as a kind of chemical sensor which has been in use for detection and quantification of various kinds of gas in the air. It has many types as follows : semiconductor type gas sensor, solid electrolyte type gas sensor, electrochemical gas sensor, and combustible catalytic gas sensor.
2) Types ① Semiconductor Type Gas Sensor It has electric resistance type and non-electric resistance type ; electric resistance type follows the principle that semiconductor electric resistance makes a change by contact of a gas element with its surface, while non-electric resistance type exploits the special feature that capacity - voltage and current - voltage are based on the gas sensing element of diode or MOSFET type. ‣ Electric Resistance Type Gas Sensor : Electric resistance changes, when gas element generates a chemical response through the absorption of gas element on the surface of semiconductor. This type is mainly found in a sensing element for combustible gas. ‣ Non-electric Resistance Type Gas Sensor : Its structure contains the followings ; sinter of metal oxide semiconductor, induction part like diaphragm or thin film, heater, and explosion proof net. It exploits the point that electric conductivity makes a change through the sorts of semiconductor and gas, when gas touches a semiconductor with a continual high temperature.
173
ED-6830
② Electrochemical Gas Sensor Electrochemical Gas Sensor is a measuring unit for current flowing through the outside circuit, obtained right after target gas is oxidized or converted. In addition, it has another type which exploits an electromotive force, formed by the processed ion electrode of solution among electrolyte solution or ion on ionized gas. ‣ Potentiostatic Gas Sensor : It executes an electrolysis, maintaining the interface of electrode and electrolyte solution with a steady electric potential. Then, specific gas can be quantifiable by changing the stated electric potential. ‣ Galvanic Electronic Gas Sensor : Like potentiostatic sas sensor, it measures a gas density from the current which flows by the electrolysis of sensing target gas.
③ Solid Electrolyte Type Gas Sensor Ion conductor or solid electrolyte among solid isolators is substance which presents conductivity by ion movement at high temperature.
④ Combustible Catalytic Gas Sensor Used for the sensing of combustible gas, it is a gas detection element which exploits the change of heating wire(platinum wire), made by getting the heat from detection gas to raise the temperature of element.
[Figure 4-1] Various Types of Gas Sensor
174
4-1-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understand features of Gas Sensor and grasps its principle, regarding gas influx.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Gas Sensor
GS6830-17
1
Gas Control Device
-
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 4-3] Wiring Scene of Gas [Figure 4-2] Gas Sensor Module
Sensor Test
175
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2) Test Method
[Figure 4-4] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Gas Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and GS6830-17 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Gas Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡
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Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Chemical Sensor ➡ Gas Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 4-5] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Gas Sensor
⑧ Waits until gas sensor becomes stabilized. ⑨ When it reaches a state of stabilization and gas control device for gas supply to gas sensor is exploited, you can discover output is making changes as shown in Figure 4-6. ※ Gas Control Device is flammable, so you should keep it out and handle with care.
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[Figure 4-6] Gas Sensor Output with Gas Alteration in Amount
Clicks application program Data-Log to save the file "Feature Test of Gas Sensor" as shown in Figure 4-7.
[Figure 4-7] Gas Sensor Output Storage
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As presented in no.⑨, when gas sensor become a state of stabilization, exploit gas control device for gas supply to gas sensor, watching output change. When it becomes a state of stabilization again, clicks a button for test termination and exits the test.
Exploits an Excel chart function to build a chart, after opening the file "Feature Test of Gas Sensor" in Excel. Compares and analyzes the output waveform and Excel chart of Gas Sensor which were examined with Strip Chart in no.⑨.
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capacity of Gas Sensor can be fostered through an application practice test.
[Figure 4-8] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Gas Sensor
① Uses a circuit connection cable and makes a correct connection based on the wiring diagram, as shown in Figure 4-8. ② Uses Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 and adjusts REFERENCE VOLTAGE to 7[V]. ③ Provides gas for gas sensor using a gas control device, and then inspects motions of application module. ④ Does the gas supply motivate the application module?
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4-2. Humidity Sensor 4-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Humidity Sensor Humidity is the amount of vapor included in the air and is described as either of the followings : absolute humidity unit volume, specific humidity
(g/m 3 ) demonstrating the mass of vapor per
( kg/kg ' ) which is the mass of vapor per unit
mass of dry air, or relative humidity(%Rh) which is presented as a proportion of actual vapor pressure against saturated vapor pressure of the air under a certain temperature. Each unit of them can be convertible one another, by dew point temperature or wet bulb temperature. The applicable principles for humidity measurement cover the followings : swelling nature such as hair or cellulose, the difference between dry air temperature and dumid air temperature, electric resistance or capacitance change of dihumidity such as semiconductor and porosity ceramic, dew point temperature, and infrared absorption.
2) Types ① Swelling Type It is a method which utilizes a swelling nature in humidity of organic materials. That is, it has a feature that expansion and contraction by moisture absorption or moistureproofing becomes different. Regarding dihumidity materials, porous substances such as hair, cotton fiber, and high molecular film are widely used and it's commonly called a hair hygrometer in many cases. This type are frequently used for environmental control devices by home humidity indicator or mechanical contact point, whose measuring range is 20 to 100% Rh, error not exceeding ±5%, and category temperature range is approx. 0 to 60℃.
② Dry-and-Wet Bulb Thermometer Type Dry bulb temperature measures a surrounding air temperature in a normal way, while wet bulb temperature is a dropped water film temperature created by heat of vaporization, when a thin cloth is rolled up around a thermometer and kept in water. At this moment, transferring heat from air to water film causes an action
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to raise temperature. Temperature gets steady at the point where heat loss by evaporation and heat gaining by electric heat reach the same. When we suppose that dry bulb temperature is t a, wet bulb temperature as t w, and saturated vapor pressure at t
e= e
w -0.0664(
w
as
t a- t
e w, the vapor pressure in the air is calculated to be w ).
Saturated vapor pressure at t
a
takes a steady
value, and if we use the e drawn from the above formula, relative humidity is calculated. As such, dry-and-wet bulb thermometer type hygrometer calculates humidity using a difference in dry-and-wet bulb temperature.
③ Ceramic Type Ceramic humidity sensor draws out a conducting wire, after thinly plating a metal oxide such as oxidation aluminium( AL 2O 3) on the sinter porous ceramic structure, by means of a precious metal electrode. At the time, vapor is absorbed into porosity oxide layer through metallic layer, humidity is measured by the phenomenon that electric resistance or electric capacity changes according to the number of absorbed water molecule. Ceramic sensor is small-sized and light-weighted, wide in measuring range, available with successive measurement, and excellent in corrosion resistance. As a weak point, it presents low precision resulted from the modified features involving pollution by impurities and time passage.
④ High Molecule Type Designed to get absorption of high molecule substance to cause an electric feature, this sensor also brings a change, in case resistance type is concerned. Ammonium series is mainly used for resistance type, but cellulose series polymer is primarily utilized for electric capacity type. Followings are what the features of this type of sensor are all about : strong against pollution, mass production at low price, high in temperature modulus, high temperature over 6 0℃ and low humidity environment not exceeding 30%, limited in use under high humidity environment over 90%Rh, and hysteresis of approx. ±2%. Capacitive sensor exploits the principle that permitivity substantially increases around both sides of cellulose film with approx. 20㎛ thick. This method presents a special point that the temperature from -35 to 80℃ is applicable and straight
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characteristics appears from 10 to 95%Rh which covers wide range. Also, it is strong against pollution and excellent in durability, resulting in a wide variety of use as detection elements of miniature humidity measuring apparatus.
⑤ Electrolysis Type Electrolysis type humidity sensor shows its structure as follows : winds up an inert electrode with 2 strands on capillary, made of quartz or fluorine hydrocarbon, and then thinly applies electrolyte material such as phosphorus pentoxide ( P
2
O 5 ). Electrolyte dihumidity material absorbs the water in the
air with the exposure of the sensor, and water electrolysis occurs by authorized voltage. At this phase, electron is necessary to decompose each water molecule, so the current going through a cell is in proportions to the number of decomposed water molecules. Therefore, when you measures an electrolysis current under steady temperature, you can discover the density of vapor included in the air. Now that electrolysis type hygrometer can measure an extremely-low humidity, it has been frequently used for dry air measurement.
⑥ Thermal Conductivity Type Constituting a bridge circuit by exploiting one dry-air sealed thermistor, one air-contact thermistor, and 2 fixed resistors, the sensor has a very fast response velocity in less than 15 seconds, with almost no hysteresis, and allows the entire range measurement from less than 60℃ to 100%Rh to be possible. However, as it has no selection tendency for gas types, it is impossible to measure when other gas but standard air and vapor are mixed, so attentive care is required involving an impact of pressure.
⑦ Infrared Absorption Type Applying the fact that vapor absorption spectrum exists throughout the wavelength such as 1.38, 1.87, 2.7, 4.3, 6.0㎛, it exploits the phenomenon that the amount of vapor included in the air increases a radiant energy absorptance on a proportional basis. The measuring process of infrared hygrometer is : arranges the same wavelength infrared absorbed smoothly into vapor, and then makes one side go through the standard gas with humidity, and let the other side pass the sample air for measurement, and finally executes measurement
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using relative intensity of the infrared that passed the routes. This type of sensor is excellent in sensitivity or response velocity, but high in price.
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4-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understand features of Humidity Sensor and grasps its principle by the change of humidity.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Humidity Sensor
HS6830-19
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 4-10] Wiring Scene of Humidity Sensor [Figure 4-9] Humidity Sensor Module
Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 4-11] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Humidity Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and HS6830-19 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Humidity Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
186
DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Chemical Sensor ➡ Humidity Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 4-12] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Humidity Sensor
⑧ Watches a humidity sensor output and confirms it if the current humidity output is correct. ⑨ When you watch the current humidity and blow on the front of humidity sensor, you can identify that, as in Figure 4-13, output voltage increases and humidity goes up.
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[Figure 4-13] Humidity Sensor Output by the Change of Humidity
Clicks Data-Log on application program to save the file "Feature Test of Humidity Sensor" as shown in Figure 4-14.
[Figure 4-14] Humidity Sensor Output Storage
188
As presented in no.⑨, when humidity sensor indicates its original humidity and become a state of stabilization, you blow on the front of sensor for any change. When it becomes a state of stabilization again, clicks a button for test termination and exits the test. Exploits an Excel chart function to build a chart, after opening the file "Feature Test of Humidity Sensor" in Excel. Compares and analyzes the output waveform of humidity sensor and Excel chart, checked with Strip Chart of no.⑨.
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3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of Humidity Sensor can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 4-15] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Humidity Sensor
① Uses a circuit connection cable and connects correctly as per the wiring diagram as shown in Figure 4-15. ② Uses Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 and adjusts REFERENCE VOLTAGE to 7[V]. ③ Inspects the motion of application module after blowing on the sensor of humidity sensor. ④ Does the application module move when humidity goes up?
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4-3. pH Sensor 4-3-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) pH Sensor The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration is applied to the following fields : chemical plant process line, food process line, neutralization facility at waste water treatment site , water culture, filtration plant and fishery, coating treatment facility, and other water quality-concerned fields. The hydrogen ion density in solution is indicated as a hydrogen index. Hydrogen ion gram in solution 1ℓ means warm water and is displayed as a sign pH. What is generally taken is common logarithms of reciprocal in gram electro-analyzed water of hydrogen ion existing in solution 1ℓ. Regarding plain water, the standard point is formed at about 10-7 gram ion of hydrogen ion(H+) density under the air pressure 1 & 25℃, and based on this, it is called that pH=log 1/[H+]=7 corresponds to neutrality, pH below 7 to acidity, and pH over 7 to alkalinity. Fresh water pH for fish is 6.7 to 8.6 and pH plays a significant role in implementing a chemical treatment like neutralization or cohesion in case of waste water treatment. The 2 types are used for pH measurement : potential drop method and color-comparative method. Hydrogen ion, an atomic nucleus of hydrogen, gets a hydrogen atom to lose 1 orbital electron and become 1 positive ion, equivalent to proton. It is also marked as H+. Hydrogen ion doesn't exist in stability on an independent basis, so when materials with easily-ionizable hydrogen atom are diluted into water, oxonium ion(H3O+(H+·H2O) which is added to water and formed is mainly considered, instead. This contains a significant meaning in acid and is described by hydrogen ion density. Besides, hydrogen atom sometimes forms the ion which accepts 1 electron, and it is, what is called, hydrogenation ion as it is anion, H-, distinguished from hydrogen ion. Hydrogen ion density measurement used for today's industrial analysis is based on glass-electrode-based measuring principle that, when 2 different types of solution are put on both ends of thin films of glass, electromotive force in proportions to pH difference in both solution is generated on both ends of thin films of glass.
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[Figure 4-16] Scene of pH Sensor Available At Stores
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4-3-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understand features of pH Sensor and grasps its principle based on the change of pH density.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
pH Sensor
PH6830-18
1
pH Standard Solution
CU6830-20
1set
pH 4, 7, 10 Solution
pH Stand
CU6830-20
1
Flexible Stand
Beaker
-
1
Incl. in Composition Set
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
[Figure 4-18] Wiring Scene of pH Sensor [Figure 4-17] pH Sensor Module
Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 4-19] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of pH Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and PH6830-18 on business profile and connects pH sensor of BNC terminal and module. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of pH Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡
194
Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Chemical Sensor ➡ pH Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 4-20] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of pH Sensor
⑧ Erects pH sensor onto pH stand and pours pH4.0 solution into the beaker with composition set, with the front of pH sensor soaked. ⑨ Carries the beaker to the bottom of pH stand to have pH sensor soaked, and inspects its output. Besides, implements a test after adjusting pH standard solution to 7.0, 10.0 and records its output on Table 4-4.
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pH Solution
Output Voltage
4.0
[V]
7.0
[V]
10.0
[V]
Remarks
Inspects to see if the output is drawn out like Figure 4-21.
[ [Figure 4-21] pH Sensor Output As Per pH Density
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3) Application Practice Test
Purpose of Test
Application capability of pH sensor can be fostered by application practice test.
① As shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of pH Sensor", uses a circuit connection cable and makes a correct connection based on the wiring diagram. ② Let's measure pH density of tap water or purified water, instead of standard solution. ③ What do you find as the output? ④ Let's measure pH density of other liquid.
5-1. Hall Sensor 5-1-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Hall Sensor Hall element has a simple structure with 4 lead tracks attached to semiconductor side. Principle of the element operation is Hall Effect for which voltage occurs in protons of current and magnetic field at a right angle, when current goes through semiconductor and magnetic field is applied at a right angle with current, among which input terminal is displayed as current terminal, while output terminal as hall voltage terminal. Semiconductor materials for hall element put Ge, Si, InAs, InSb, and GaAs to practical use. In particular, hall element using GaAs material has an outstanding point in use and feature, leading to lots of attention. The structure of hall element includes : ‣ Flakes single-crystal material. ‣ Builds an activation area by applying epitaxial deposition and ion implantation to semi-insulating material. ‣ Vacuum plating used for the production of thin film element using IC technology. How to use hall element includes the followings. ‣ Method by which different physical quantity converted between magnetic fields is detected when a certain amount of current is applied to sensor. ‣ Method of exploiting 2 types of positive multiplication process, after converting the proton of current and magnetic field flowing through sensor. ‣ Method of using the phenomenon that the first current in input terminal shows the hall voltage generation of opposite direction, if output terminal receives the current in the same direction as the sensor output from current-applied input terminal, as electro magnetic field.
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Drive method of hall element has 2 types : constant current and constant voltage. The former gets hall voltage to be dependent on electron density of semiconductor substrate, while the latter on electron mobility. Features of hall element are as follows : ‣ Drastic change in characteristics according to modification of application. ‣ Small-sized possible. ‣ Positive in proportions of magnetic field.
Hall element is widely applied not only to various types of brushless motors used for VTR, record player, and floppy disk, but also to fluxmeter, ammeter, magnetism record head, electrometer, revolution indicator, speedometer, wattmeter, frequency converter, isolator, and gyrator.
[Figure 5-1] Actual Scene and Basic Structure of Hall Sensor
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5-1-2. Practice Test
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Hall Sensor
HS6830-8
1
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Composition Set
DS6900-40
1
Amplifier Module
AM6900-38
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
[Figure 5-2] Hall Sensor Module
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 5-3] Wiring Scene of Hall Sensor Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 5-4] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Hall Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, HS6830-8, AM6900-38, SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, and then turns the ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Hall Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡
204
Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Chemical Sensor ➡ Hall Element” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 5-5] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Hall Sensor
⑧
Draws
out
the
magnetic
composition
from
composition
set
(DS6900-40) and fixes it onto the slide unit(SU6830-41), adjusting basic output voltage to 7.5[V] using OFFSET control volume of Amplifier Module(AM6900-38). (Turns Amplifier Module red switches all to OFF(
.)
⑨ Exploits slid unit(SU6900-41) to move magnet near Hall Sensor. Do you find any magnetic polarity detected? You can repeat this process with the magnet fixed on opposite side.
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Inspects to see if magnet polarity is detected as shown in Figure 5-6.
[Figure 5-6] Screen of Hall Sensor Magnetic Pole Detection
Use slide unit(SU6900-41) to keep some distance between Hall Sensor and magnet changable, before recording Hall Sensor output in Table 5-2.
Distance(cm)
Output Voltage(N)
Output Voltage(S Pole)
2
[V]
[V]
4
[V]
[V]
6
[V]
[V]
8
[V]
[V]
10
[V]
[V]
Remarks
Implements a test like the process, by exploiting a rubber magnet with weak magnetism among the ones included in the composition set(DS6900-40).
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3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Application capability of Hall Sensor can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 5-7] Wiring Diagram for Application Test of Hall Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based connection using a circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 5-7. ② Moves Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 10[V], and gets magnet pole N and S to the sensor in turn, using slide unit (SU6900-41). ③ Which pole activates the application module?
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5-2. Hall IC 5-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Hall IC Si hall element allows about 10 ~ 2OmV/KOe for magnetic field sensitivity, but has lower sensitivity than the one with other materials. To improve this weak point, Si Hall IC came out with the point that it is integrated with IC technology-based signal processing circuit. Currently many products involving temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and optical sensor have been IC, among which Si Hall IC is the first sensor that has been IC. Hall IC features are as follows : ‣ Shows high sensitivity covering whole sensor, due to the integration with electron circuit. ‣ Use of IC manufacturing technology, leading to easy production. ‣ Obtains an eligible signal voltage. ‣ Unbalance voltage is high and difficult in its processing.
Hall IC has 2 types : one is linear type sensor whose output is in proportions to the magnetic field intensity, and the other is switch type sensor which allows On/Off by magnetic sensor more than critical value. Switch type intentionally assigns a hysteresis phenomenon to clarify switch motions. Hall element exploits Bipolar and MOS technology as its manufacturing technology, but the commercialized sensor is Bipolar type. Hall IC has been widely used for magnetic interrupt, Hall motor, solid state distributor, fluxmeter, wattmeter, electrometer, displacement system, revolution indicator, switch, and keyboard switch. Figure 5-8 and Figure 5-9 show the actual scene and structure of Hall IC with a Bipolar type.
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[Figure 5-8] Actual Scene of Hall IC
[Figure 5-9] Hall IC Structure and Its Feature
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5-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands features of Hall IC and grasps its principle based on the change of magnetic pole(N,S) and magnetic intensity.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Hall IC
HS6830-9
1
Slide Unit
SU6900-41
1
Composition Set
DS6900-40
1
Application Module B
PA6830-22
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
[Figure 5-10] Hall IC Module
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Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 5-11] Wiring Scene of Hall IC Test
2) Test Method
[Figure 5-12] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Hall IC
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, HS6830-9, and SU6900-41 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Hall IC". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the
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DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Magnetic Sensor ➡ Hall IC” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 5-13] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Hall IC
⑧ Draws out the magnetic composition from composition set(DS6900-40) and fixes it onto the slide unit (SU6900-41). ⑨ Exploits slid unit(SU6900-41) to move magnet near Hall Sensor. Do you find any magnetic polarity detected? You can repeat this process with the magnet fixed on opposite side. Inspects to see if magnet polarity is detected as shown in Figure 5-14.
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[Figure 5-14] Screen of Hall IC Polarity Detection
Use slide unit(SU6900-41) to keep the distance between Hall IC and magnet changable, before recording the Hall IC output in Table 5-4.
Output Voltage (N Pole)
Output Voltage (S Pole)
0
[V]
[V]
1
[V]
[V]
2
[V]
[V]
3
[V]
[V]
4
[V]
[V]
Distance(cm)
Remarks
Implements a test like the process, by exploiting a rubber magnet with weak magnetism among the ones included in the composition set(DS6900-40).
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3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Application capability of Hall IC can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 5-15] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Hall IC
① Makes a wiring diagram-based connection using a circuit connection cable, as shown in Figure 5-15. ② Moves Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 8[V], and gets magnet pole N and S to the sensor in turn using the slide unit (SU6900-41). ③ Which pole activates the application module?
6-2-1. Knowledge 6-2-2. 실험Relevant 실습 6-2-2. Practice Test
CHAPTER
6❙SOUND SENSOR
6-1. Ultrasound Sensor 6-1-1. Relevant Knowledge
1) Ultrasound Sensor Ultrasound sensor possesses high frequency sound wave that is not audible to a human and generally means oscillation frequency over 20kHz. Features of ultrasound indicate that it as a wave energy such as light or electric wave, shows a slow electric wave and is easily likely to be reflective. The natural world has surprisingly many animals that produce ultrasound beyond human's audible area, with bats or dolphins as a leading example for ultrasound utilization. For example, nocturnal bats generate ultrasound in the dark by themselves, to recognize objects by detecting the reflected sound wave. Ultrasound sensor is for the detection of relatively-high frequency band among sound energy, with a possible definition as a detection element of sound energy over 20kHz, and its applications include existence and nonexistence for objects in short distance, distance measurement, and speed measurement. Ultrasound means an inaudible sound wave with oscillation more than 20,000 times per second. That is, it is very high frequency and people with normal auditory sense cannot feel in any way. This ultrasound is either applied as information to several application fields, or sometimes uses oscillation energy as power. Recently, ultrasound has been very usefully used even for telecommunication and various ultrasound sensors have been contributing itself to the production of hi-tech home appliances. Practically, it is a fundamental rule to decide the frequency applied to ultrasound sensor as per its use, but the frequency range of ultrasound sensor used for detecting objects in the air generally varies from 9kHz to 50kHz which can easily generate a powerful ultrasound pulse, and also directivity pattern can be easily acquired. Ultrasound sensor utilizes echo effect of sound wave, whose basic principle says that it has a transmitting part generating sound wave, which analyzes time difference in the return of sound wave, to sense object existence or measure
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the distance of target objects. Ultrasound sensor consists largely of transducer, analyzer, and output circuit. Distance measurement principle of ultrasound sensor is to measure a delay time for ultrasound pulse launched from the sensor to return to its original position, through the reflection on the surface of target object, along with the compensation for sound velocity by ultrasound temperature in the air, through which distance is calculated. The propagation velocity of sound wave is 340m/sec in the air, but 1480m/sec under water. Ultrasound is sensitive to temperature and should consider medium temperature. In general, sound velocity in the air can be obtained as follows:
V
=
331.5 + 0.607T
T is centigrade temperature and the formula above shows that sound velocity moves 0.17% each time, when the air temperature turns 1℃. So, you should measure temperature to compensate for sound velocity. Following is a relation for measuring distance to target object.
L =
( 0.5)Vt
[Figure 6-1] Various Types of Ultrasound Sensors
218
6-1-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands features of Ultrasound Sensor and grasps its principle based on the change in distance.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
3
Ultrasonic Sensor
US6830-15
1
Motor Control Module
MC6900-37
1
Spindle Drive
SD6900-25
1
Application Module A
LA6830-21
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 6-2] Ultrasound Sensor
[Figure 6-3] Wiring Scene of Ultrasound
Module
Sensor Test
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2) Test Method
[Figure 6-4] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Ultrasound Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, US6830-15, SD6900-25, and MC6900-37 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Ultrasound Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run
220
➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Sound Sensor ➡ Ultrasound Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 6-5] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Ultrasound Sensor
⑧ Places a spindle drive(SD6900-25) and ultrasound sensor(US6830-15) with a spindle drive reflector facing with the ultrasound sensor. ⑨ Connects a motor control module(MC6900-37) for drive of a spindle drive, as shown in Figure 6-6.
221
ED-6830
[Figure 6-6] Wiring Diagram for Spindle Drive and Motor Control Module
Uses an adjustment knob of motor control module and moves a spindle drive LOAD to check if Limit operates properly, before getting the spindle drive LOAD to be located 2[cm] ahead of the ultrasound sensor. Vary distance using a motor control module and watch the output, and then record the different output as per distance in Table 6-2, before making a graph.
222
Distance(cm)
Output
Remarks
2
[V]
4
[V]
6
[V]
8
[V]
10
[V]
12
[V]
14
[V]
Moves the spindle drive LOAD to reach 2[cm] ahead of sensor and clicks a button Data-Log, to save the file "Ultrasound Sensor Feature Test" as shown in Figure 6-7. Takes a test with a gradual increase in distance like the process and clicks a button for test termination to exit the test.
223
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Opens the file "Ultrasound Sensor Feature Test" in Excel and forms a chart with Excel charting, before you compare and analyze the graph drawn in the process and the Excel-based chart.
[Figure 6-7] Ultrasound Sensor Output Storage
224
3) Application Practice Test Method Purpose of Test
Application capability of Ultrasound Sensor can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 6-8] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Ultrasound Sensor
① Makes a wiring diagram-based connection using a circuit connection cable as shown in Figure 6-8, and handles Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 1[V]. ② Keeps some gradual and greater distance using a motor control module, after watching the application module bulb turn On and Off. How does the application module move? ③
Makes
some
change
in
the
process
no.①
where
REFERENCE
VOLTAGE is differently fixed by Vref ADJ knob, and then makes a repeat test through the process no.②
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6-2. Microphone 6-2-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Microphone Each sound measurement needs a sound sensor that converts sound energy into electric energy, which is generally called microphone. Electric sound converter has several ways for its converting principles and one of the followings is being applied to the microphone : coin type, electrostatic type, piezoelectric type, and contact resistance type(carbon type). In general, below is requirements for sound measurement microphone. ‣ Almost flat in frequency response, and wide in applicable frequency range. ‣ Stable against the change of external conditions such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure, and against a mechanical impact, as well as low in inclination variation. ‣ High in sensitivity and small-sized. ‣ Wide in measurable range(dynamic range) of sound pressure.
Judging from the point that these conditions can easily be satisfied relatively, microphones in current use for sound measurement are mostly electrostatic type with direct bias, and partly utilize a piezoelectric type using ceramic elements at time of measuring ultrasound or ultrasound pressure. What has recently come out is a long lasting electret film, and the electrostatic microphone of electret type also started to be used for sound measurement. It is expected that electrostatic microphone would be staying as a mainstream in sound measurement, but the microphone of new materials (piezoelectric high molecule film) or new method(light application) would be put to practical use.
① Electrostatic Microphone Direct Current Bias Style : electrostatic microphone forms a broadside condenser with a mobile electrode(oscillation film) of an oscillation displacement by sound pressure, and a fixed electrode encountered with an extremely-small gap. Also, when the oscillation film becomes a displacement by sound pressure, its electric capacity varies slightly. Applying the direct current bias voltage
226
between both electrodes is the most common method to detect this change in electric capacity through an electric signal (direct bias style). Now that the output voltage of electrostatic microphone is in proportions to oscillation displacement, oscillometer should be designed to allow a uniform-sized drive force to generate a steady oscillation displacement, regardless of frequency. There are some conditions for measurement microphones covering stability, high sensitivity for the most important thing, and wide range of frequency.
② Piezoelectric Microphone When an object gets a transformation from outside force, electric charge in proportions to the transformation is produced to generate voltage, which is so called Piezoelectric Effect. It is now found in some crystal magnetism or high molecule films, and used for a variety of use. Elements by magnetism like zircon lead carbonate has been in use(ceramic microphone). Ceramic element is structured with, so called, a bimorph and is designed to generate electric charge against bending stress. Since ceramic element shows a high mechanical impedance, it has a structure in which outside force is imposed on elements through formed diaphragm and load, to be in conformity with low impedance air.
[Figure 6-9] Electrostatic Microphone Structure and Various Microphone Pictures
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ED-6830
6-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands features of Microphone and grasps its principle based on the change of sound-level.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Microphone
PS6830-16
1
Sound Control Unit
SU6830-25
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
[Figure 6-10] Microphone Module
228
Remarks
[Figure 6-11] Sound Control Unit
2) Test Method
[Figure 6-12] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Microphone
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, PS6830-16, and SU6830-25 on business profile. In particular, places PS6830-16 and SU6830-25 with 5cm apart. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Microphone". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at AC VOLTAGE.
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⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Sound Sensor ➡ Microphone” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 6-13] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Microphone
⑧ Selects "SIN" for the D/A Converter output in application program and moves the “Freq Dial” to the maximum frequency(312.5Hz). ⑨
Manipulates
the
sound
control
knob
of
sound
control
unit
(SU6830-25) with a gradual change in phases, and then watch and save the waveform using "Waveform Storage" function. Checks to see if the output is drawn out as shown in Figure 6-14.
230
[Figure 6-14] Output Based on Change in Sound Control Unit(SU6830-25) Range
Inspects the change of waveform, getting the location of sound control unit (SU6830-25) to be near/far from the microphone, before you raise a question as to why waveform makes a change.
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3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Microphone application capability can be fostered by application practice test.
① As shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Microphone", uses a circuit connection cable to make a correct connection based on the wiring diagram. ② Let us apply sound of clapping or whistle to the microphone, instead of sound control unit(SU6830-25). ③ What type of wave form do you find as an output? Let us use a bell sound of mobile phone or human voice for a test. ④ Let us think where the microphone with these features can be applied?
7-4-1. Knowledge 7-4-2. 실험Relevant 실습 7-4-2. Practice Test
CHAPTER
7❙TEMPERATURE SENSOR
7-1. Thermistor 7-1-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Thermistor Thermistor is a resistor with a changed resistance by temperature and is divided into PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor and NTC(Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor. The former features that resistance increases by temperature rise according to the quality of resistance, while the latter shows a resistance decrease by temperature rise based on the opposite feature.
[Figure 7-1] Temperature Feature of NTC
Regarding features of thermistor, it has a wide range of change in resistance involving temperature change, featuring a high degree of freedom for shape or resistance, solid and low in price, easy electric processing of output. It, on the other hand, has a small scope of measuring temperature(-100 ~ 500℃) and an occasional failure to the linearity of feature curve. Bead type thermistor is covered with glass and can be used for high temperature with its excellence in reliability and stability, along with a good confidentiality for element, but generally high in price concerning production.
235
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[Figure 7-2] Bead Type Thermistor
Chip type thermistor is a small-sized product secondary to the bead type, featuring eligibility for mass production and low price. It is usually eligible for temperature measurement up to 150℃, but piezoelectric type allows the measurement ranging 200 to 300℃. But, it shows slightly less stability than bead type. For the reason, it has been widely used more for home or industry, than high-precision measurement.
[Figure 7-3] Chip Type Thermistor
Disk type thermistor has been widely used for air conditioner or cooler, because it is low in price and possible for mass production, as well as for rush current control at time of switching regulator power input. Regarding its weak point, it is difficult to miniaturize and hard confidentiality due to its simple exterior, resulting in its eligible use for a temperature measurement with low response velocity. Precautions indicate that it allows no confidentiality and should only detect a dry air without any contact with water or vapor.
236
[Figure 7-4] Disk Type Thermistor
237
ED-6830
7-1-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands NTC features and grasps its principle based on a temperature change.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Thermistor
TS6830-10
1
Heating Unit
HU6830-14
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 7-6] Wiring Scene of Thermistor [Figure 7-5] Thermistor Module
238
Test
2) Test Method
[Figure 7-7] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Thermistor(NTC)
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, TS6830-10, and HU6830-14 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Thermistor(NTC)". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at HIGH RESISTANCE.
239
ED-6830
⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Temperature Sensor ➡ Thermistor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 7-8] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Thermistor
⑧ Increases the Heating Unit range by one phase to the point that temperature is completely conducted and stabilized, and then records its output on Table 7-2. Repeats this process with temperature reaching at 70℃ for a test and records its value.
240
Temperature(℃)
Output Voltage
Unique Output
Normal Temperature (OFF)
[V]
[㏀]
15
[V]
[㏀]
20
[V]
[㏀]
30
[V]
[㏀]
40
[V]
[㏀]
50
[V]
[㏀]
60
[V]
[㏀]
70
[V]
[㏀]
Remarks
⑨ How does the Thermistor output change according to a temperature change? Form a graph with the Date above.
Sets the Heating Unit range at 15℃, and when the temperature reaches 15℃, clicks the button Data-Log of application program to save "Thermistor Feature Test" as shown in Figure 7-9.
241
ED-6830
[Figure 7-9] Thermistor Output Storage
As shown in no.⑧, raises the Heating Unit range to 70℃ for a test, clicking a button for test termination and exits the test. Forms a chart with Excel charting, after opening the file "Thermistor Feature Test" in Excel. Compares and analyzes the graph and Excel chart as drawn in no.⑨.
242
3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Thermistor application capability can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 7-10] Wiring Diagram for Thermistor Application Test
① As shown in Figure 7-10, uses a circuit connect cable to connect correct as per the wiring diagram. ② Moves the Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 9.7[V], and when Heating Unit range reaches at the fixed point of 70℃, puts the point back on 15℃ to implement an application test. ③ How does the output voltage change as temperature gets down? How does the application module move, when INPUT VOLTAGE gets higher than REFERENCE VOLTAGE?
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7-2. Thermocouple 7-2-1. Relevant Knowledge
1) Thermocouple Electric current runs through a conducting wire, when 2 different types of metal conducting wires are pasted with difference temperature on both ends. This is called thermocurrent and the potentiometer for this occasion is called thermoelectromotive
force.
Besides,
the
unit
regarding
this
is
called
Thermocouple. thermoelectromotive force presents a respective value for 2 types of metal. As for a pair of same metal, the greater the temperature gap of both
ends
becomes,
the
greater
thermoelectromotive
force
becomes.
Thermocouple has been widely used with the following features ; wide in operation range, precision on a comparative basis, small-sized, short in reaction time, and possible with electric unit control using the electric current in generation. Thermocouple can be used as a thermometer measuring a temperature gas on both ends, and auto engine temperature measuring device is based on the thermocouple. Weak points, however, exist as follows ; little electromotive force in generation causing a difficulty in measurement, and when temperature itself needs to be measured instead of the measurement of temperature difference, either side should be maintained with a standard temperature. The metal used for thermocouple gets its access to high temperature and should meet the following conditions. ‣ Superior in thermal resistance. ‣ Stable in materials and free from oxidation and structure modification. ‣ Great in thermoelectromotive force. ‣ Reasonable in price.
Thermocouple consisted of platinum and 90% platinum & 10% rhodium has now been adopted as an international standard thermometer, ranging from 903.89K to 1337.58K.
244
[Figure 7-11] Thermocouple Types As Per Purpose
245
ED-6830
7-2-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands Thermocouple features and grasps its principle based on temperature change.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Thermocouple
TS6830-11
1
Heating Unit
HU6830-14
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 7-13] Wiring Scene of [Figure 7-12] Thermocouple Module
246
Thermocouple Test
2) Test Method
[Figure 7-14] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Thermocouple(K-type)
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, TS6830-11, and HU6830-14 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Thermocouple(K-type)". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run ➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on
247
ED-6830
the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Temperature Sensor ➡ Thermocouple” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 7-15] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Thermocouple
⑧ Increases the Heating Unit range by one phase to the point that temperature is completely conducted and stabilized, and then records its output on Table 7-4. Repeats this process with temperature reaching at 70℃ for a test and records its value. (Many thermocouples are for high temperature and start from 40℃.)
248
Temperature(℃)
Output Voltage
Unique Output
Normal Temperature(OFF)
[V]
[㎷]
40
[V]
[㎷]
50
[V]
[㎷]
60
[V]
[㎷]
70
[V]
[㎷]
Remarks
⑨ How does the Thermocouple output change according to a temperature change? Form a graph with the Date above.
Sets the Heating Unit range at 40℃, and when the temperature reaches 40℃, clicks the button Data-Log of application program to save "Thermocouple Feature Test" as shown in Figure 7-16. As shown in no.⑧, raises the Heating Unit range to 70℃ for a test, clicking a button for test termination and exits the test. Forms a chart with Excel charting, after opening the file "Thermocouple Feature Test" saved in Excel.
249
ED-6830
[Figure 7-16] Thermocouple Output Storage
Compares and analyzes the graph and Excel chart as drawn in no.⑨.
250
3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Thermocouple application capability can be acquired by application practice test.
[Figure 7-17] Wiring Diagram for Thermocouple(K-type) Application Test
① As shown in Figure 7-17, uses a circuit connection cable to connect correct as per the wiring diagram. ② Moves the Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 2.5[V], and when Heating Unit range reaches at the fixed point of 70℃, puts the point back on 15℃ to implement an application test. ③ How does the output voltage change as temperature gets down? How does the application module move, when INPUT VOLTAGE gets higher than REFERENCE VOLTAGE?
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7-3. Pt Resistance Temperature Detector(Pt100) 7-3-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Pt Resistance Temperature Detector(Pt100) In general, metal electric resistance varies by temperature, and platinum compared to other metal allows a linear change in temperature coefficient, light in weight, superiority in its physical and chemical quality, resulting in high purity output, to have been used for a long-term temperature measuring sensor with stability. Regarding Pt resistance temperature detector(Pt 100Ω, 500Ω, 1000Ω), metal electric resistance generally increases or decreases by changes in temperature with a certain relevance between them. The meter measuring temperature with the resistance is a resistance thermometer, while what uses a resistance change in platinum wire is a platinum resistance thermometer. Measurement ohmmeter retains platinum, bronze, and nickel for its type, among which platinum wire sensitive to the change in temperature to show an increase and decrease in electric resistance, has been widely used with its applicable temperature range at -200℃ to 600℃. Pt resistance temperature detector has a platinum winding around glass tube and another one winding around mica, consisted of an insulation tube preventing short circuit between resistance element and internal conducting wire, protection tube for inner part, and a terminal tube. Resistance temperature detector presents the output for resistance vs. temperature, and only needs 1mA for its operation, for it is a passive instrument. Resistance temperature detector in most use is a 100ohm, α constant 0.00385ohms/ohm/℃, platinum sensor.
2) Features Resistance temperature detector used for an industrial application has special points as follows, compared to other temperature sensor. ‣ Excellent in sensitivity. ‣ Superior in stability and reproducibility. ‣ High-resolution available.
252
3) Structure and Measuring Method ① Structure Resistance element is called a metal conducting wire which follows the phenomenon that temperature changes electric resistance, with platinum used as a measurement sensor in general. This is so called RTD element (Resistance Temperature Detector Element), and RTD is generally composed of RTD element, lead wires, protection tube, and terminal.
② Measuring Method ‣ 2-Wires Connection (W type) Presents cost-saving effect by connecting each conducting wire to RTD element and 2 terminal, but not eligible for any demand for high accuracy due to the impact of conducting wire resistance. ‣ 3-Wires Connection (X type) Connects 2 conducting wires to the Terminal at one end of RTD elements, and only one conducting wire to the other end, to reduce the impact from conducting wire resistance, showing high credibility to be most-widely applied. ‣ 4-Wires Connection (Y type) Eliminates the impact of conducting resistance by connecting 2 conducting wires each to both ends of RTD element, eligible especially for any demand on temperature measurement of high accuracy.
3) Precautions To have higher-precision temperature measurement, it is most important to select
an
appropriate
resistance
temperature
detector
for
temperature
measuring site. So, before you decide a resistance temperature detector, you should first consider cautiously the structure of internal resistance against neighboring environments such as heat, corrosion, and mechanical impact, along with installation method, RTD element, and protection tube.
253
ED-6830
[Figure 7-18] Ceramic Type Pt RTD (Pt100)
254
7-3-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands Pt RTD(Pt100) features and grasps its principle based on a temperature change.
1) Test Unit
Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
2
Pt100
TS6830-12
1
Heating Unit
HU6830-14
1
Application Module D
MA6830-24
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 7-20] Wiring Scene of [Figure 7-19] Pt100 Module
Pt100 Test
255
ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 7-21] Wiring Diagram for Pt100 Practice Test
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, TS6830-12, and HU6830-14 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Pt100". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at RESISTANCE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run
256
➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Temperature Sensor ➡ Pt Resistance Temperature Detector ” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test.
[Figure 7-22] Application Program Scree for Pt100 Practice Test
⑧ Increases the Heating Unit range by one phase to the point that temperature is completely conducted and stabilized, and then records its output on Table 7-6. Repeats this process with temperature reaching at 70℃ for a test and records its value.
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Temperature(℃)
Output Voltage
Unique Output
Normal Temperature(OFF)
[V]
[Ω]
15
[V]
[Ω]
20
[V]
[Ω]
30
[V]
[Ω]
40
[V]
[Ω]
50
[V]
[Ω]
60
[V]
[Ω]
70
[V]
[Ω]
Remarks
⑨ How does the Pt100 output change according to a temperature change? Let's form the graph below with the Date above and compare it with the Pt100 temperature table.
Sets the Heating Unit range at 15℃, and when the temperature reaches 15℃, clicks the button Data-Log of application program to save "Pt100 Feature Test" as shown in Figure 7-23.
258
[Figure 7-23] Pt100 Output Storage
As shown in no.⑧, raises the Heating Unit range to 70℃ for a test, clicking a button for test termination and exits the test. Forms a chart with Excel charting, after opening the file "Pt100 Feature Test" saved in Excel. Compares and analyzes the graph and Excel chart as drawn in no.⑨.
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3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Pt100 application capability can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 7-24] Wiring Diagram for Pt100 Application Test
① As shown in Figure 7-24, uses a circuit connection cable to connect correct as per the wiring diagram. ② Moves the Vref ADJ knob of ED-6832 to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE at 7.2[V], and when Heating Unit range reaches at the fixed point of 70℃, puts the point back on 15℃ to implement the application test. ③ How does the output voltage change as temperature gets down? How does the application module move, when INPUT VOLTAGE gets higher than REFERENCE VOLTAGE?
260
7-4. Pyroelectric Sensor 7-4-1. Relevant Knowledge 1) Pyroelectric (human body detection) Sensor Pyroelectric temperature sensor measures infrared rays and detects the temperature of objects thermally, based on the change in pyroelectric material surface charge which is generated, when the infrared rays emitted from objects get into pyroelectric materials through a window. Pyroelectric material has an inner spontaneous polarization and generates positive and negative charge on the surface, maintaining an electric neutrality by capturing a floating charge in the air. When infrared lays are incident to pyroelectric material, its temperature rises to change the size of spontaneous polarization. At this point, surface charge finds no way to respond to the change of temperature as fast as the spontaneous polarization, so the surface of pyroelectric material suffers lack of charge as much as the change of spontaneous polarization, and can measure electric charge for a short period of time, though. Therefore, here is a pyroelectric temperature sensor which can design electrode and measure electric current, to generate the pyroelectric current or voltage that is used for temperature measurement. This sensor allows no way to detect output, if the temperature of pyroelectric material is stably maintained to detect a transitional change in temperature. In order to have a continuous output, what is necessary is chopper which impose a temperature change on pyroelectric materials through a discontinuous incidence of infrared rays. In fact, to help with the absorption of infrared rays, surface should be painted black to create an absorber, which can be used in harmonization with field effect and transistor. In general, pyroelectric temperature sensor should have the following features : quick in response velocity, large in pyroelectric coefficient as selection standard for sensor material, small in thermal capacity and temperature change, big in element electric capacity, and small in loss of induced electricity. As such, leading materials for pyroelectric temperature sensor in current use are ferroelectric ceramics such as TGS, PZT, and PT. Pyroelectric sensor can only detect the temperature of mobile, temperature-variable objects. Below is the figure which explains pyroelectric sensor types and its operation
261
ED-6830
principles.
[Figure 7-25] Types and Operation Principle of Pyroelectric Sensor
262
7-4-2. Practice Test Purpose of Test
Understands and applies Pyroelectric Sensor principles of sensing human body.
1) Test Unit Name of Unit
Part NO.
Qty.
DC Power Supply
PS-7400-2
1
DAQ Module
ED-6831
1
Signal Conditioner
ED-6832
1
Business Profile
-
1
-
1set
-
3
Photo Transistor
IS6830-13
1
Application Module A
LA6830-21
1
Circuit Connection Cable AC220V Power Supply Cable
Remarks
Application Test
[Figure 7-26] Pyroelectric Sensor
[Figure 7-27] Wiring Scene of
Module
Pyroelectric Sensor Test
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ED-6830
2) Test Method
[Figure 7-28] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Pyroelectric Sensor
① Places ED-6831, ED-6832, PS-7400-2, and IS6830-13 on business profile. ② Uses AC220V power cable and connects the power to ED-6831 and PS-7400-2. ③ Uses a Serial Cable to connect PC and ED-6831, turning ED-6831 power On and executes the application program. ④ Uses a circuit connection cable to connect each module for the wiring diagram, as shown in "Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Pyroelectric Sensor". ⑤ Turns PS-7400-2 power On and sets ED-6832 Select Switch at VOLTAGE. ⑥ Clicks the following button by order in the application program : Run
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➡ Remote ➡ Reset. And checks to see if a white line appears on the DSO screen. (The buttons Run and Remote show On in the final setting.) ⑦ Selects “Temperature Sensor ➡ Pyroelectric Sensor” among test Tab and clicks a button for test start to begin the test. ⑧ Waits till the output of pyroelectric sensor becomes a state of stabilization.
[Figure 7-29] Application Program Screen for Practice Test of Pyroelectric Sensor
⑨ Moves a hand to the left and right around the stabilized pyroelectric sensor, and then confirms to see if the Strip Chart changes like the Figure 7-30. (Please make hands should not touch the sensor directly.)
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ED-6830
[Figure 7-30] Scene of Pyroelectric Sensor Output
Clicks the button Data-Log on the application program to save "Pyroelectric Sensor Feature Test" as shown in Figure 7-31.
[Figure 7-31] Pyroelectric Sensor Output Storage
As shown in no.⑨, moves your hand to the left and right around the pyroelectric sensor, and clicks the button for test termination to exit the test.
Forms a chart with Excel charting, after opening "Pyroelectric Sensor Feature Test" saved in Excel.
the
Compares and analyzes the Figure 7-30 in no.⑨ and Excel chart.
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file
3) Application Practice Test Method
Purpose of Test
Application capability of Pyroelectric(human body detection) Sensor can be fostered by application practice test.
[Figure 7-32] Wiring Diagram for Practice Test of Pyroelectric(Human Body Detection) Sensor
① As in the Figure 7-32, makes a wiring diagram-based connection using circuit connection cable. ② Exploits ED-6832 Vref ADJ knob to fix REFERENCE VOLTAGE approx. 1[V] higher than the voltage of stabilized pyroelectric sensor. ③ Moves your hand to the left and right around the pyroelectric sensor, and lets the application module watch motions. ④ Does this show the same motions as the house entrance as the pyroelectric sensor application?
