CELL STRUCTURE AND CELL ORGANISATION All living things are made up of basic units called cells The living component of a cell is protoplasm. It consist of cytoplasm and the nucleus nu…Full description
Full description
Descripción completa
b bbhFull description
CAMINOS 1Descripción completa
hDeskripsi lengkap
ECL Comfort 310B - A333_3Full description
1.
The individual ambition/career building the individual and the society problems of social integration
1. Az egyén ambíciók/karrierépítés az egyén és a társadalom beilleszkedési problémák
Nowadays there are not so many differences between the rights and the jobs of a man and a woman not like about hundred years ago! "n the past people didn#t like the idea of a learning or a working woman because their task was to stay at home cook meals care for the old and the children! $hey didn#t have so many rights either! %ater women started to open their eyes and said it#s not enough and not fair against them! $hey wanted to go to school and to work to provide their families and even themselves a better life! &o now a very big percent of the ladies are working but not just because they wanted but because they need n eed to work to get enough money in the family wallet! &ome people say it#s not good for the children as they got less care from their parents while they are going into kindergarten and see their family only on the late afternoons! 'f course this is hard for their parents too as they miss their children and can focus less on their jobs while they are apart from each other! $here is an other important problem about the working women too! (ust imagine a company with two jobs which are perfectly similar with the same tasks same time and everything is the same! )hen a man does it he gets let#s say four hundred *uros per month! )hen the boss decides to give the job to a woman she gets only three hundred and fifty *uros for the same job even though it may be harder for her! $her $heree are are brav bravee wom women who who star starte ted d to dem demonst onstrrate ate again gainst st wome women+ n+m men discriminati discrimination on and fight against their problems problems which are basically basically because they had borned as a woman and not a man! &ometimes it can be a really big disadvantage di sadvantage for womem who are more careerists! &ince there are women even in the hospitals and the army we showed the society that we are not so weak! " consider myself as a little feminist since " got discriminations of who and what " am! ,eople don#t understand why " am single woman and almost hundred percent of them asks me- don#t you want a child. )ell " can tell them that nowadays that reuires some doing! "n my opinion before you#ll become a mother you need to build your carrier! Not just your carrier carrier your life! 0ou 0ou need to have determined idea about your future! $o talk about abou t an other topic topi c let#s see other cases! )hen somebody goes to a new place p lace and joins a new group of people a new society they have to fight with several integration problems! *ven the colour of their skin can make troubles or their religion! Not all of the society are tolerant with differences and some of them have problems with accepting new cultures or new attributions in their closeness! $hat#s why these e1cluded people start to search for others who are they similar to and make their own little societies like the different uarters in New 0ork- 2hinatown %ittle "taly and other places! "f people like diversity so much on the shleves of supermarkets why don#t they like it on the streets.
3
*ven the overpopulation or the underpopulation can be a problem! ,eople want privacy privacy so they decide to live alone in a house or they want a big family family but they can#t live their lives in small flats both are problems! 'ne of my acuaintances said that the number of your children is inversely proportional to your living standards! " see the point in her words because when you have a child you may give everything he or she could need but if you have two children you split your money into two and now you can#t afford every need of your family! *ven the ancient 4reek people knew these disadvantages that#s why they didn#t have so many children! 5nd in the not so wealthy families they try to help each other and to find the other#s company so they start to move closer to each other! $his may be the beginning of a slum! 5nd even if you were born into a place like this you can try to do your best to learn and work as hard as you can as long as they see your address on your papers! 0ou won#t get the best jobs because the employers would give the jobs for somebody else who may be less clever and intelligent but can show a better living environment! " am conscious of this problem because " live in 67szárhegy and when " apply for a job employers prefer somebody else who is resident! *ven in 2hina the overpopulations overpopulations has a very important important role in the 2hinese 2hinese families# lives! $hey are supposed to have only one child because the 2hinese society grows bigger and bigger each minute until not just the government but the *arth can#t provide enough things for their needs! $hat#s why wh y the families with one child can get g et supplies and different aids and bill reductions! ,arents with two children are supposed to pay everything and they don#t get anything from the government! "n families with more children from the third kid they can#t even go to school and get educated! $his is how the government tries to stop or at least reduce a bit the 2hinese overpopulation problems! 5ll in all people should solve the social integration and acceptance problems before starting with the individual#s problems!
8
2.
Partnership forms of partnership nationalities/minorities
2. Társas kapcsolatok egy9ttélési formák nemzetiségek/kisebbségek
,eople are living together in families groups of friends working or studying in the same same atmosph atmosphere ere they are making making differ different ent societ societies ies of themse themselve lves! s! $hey $hey make make partnerships with each other! other! &ometimes we can make so different connections between us! :asically there are people who have a partner and there are people who haven#t! "f somebody is alone it can be because currently he or she doesn#t have anybody or their partner died they are divorced or they are separated which means that they are not divorced yet but they are not living together! "f somebody has a partner they can be just partners lovers they can be married be in an open relationship or be engaged! "t mostly depends on what people want but sometimes there can be different obstacles to be together with the person you chose like the distance or family problems or sometimes one of the partners is married and doesn#t want to get divorced! "f we talk about partnership partnership we must mention other forms of it because our personal and closest relations are not all under the meaning of this word! $here are different nationalities living together! 5s the world is developing it is becoming more and more opened opened for the other cultures cultures and people from further places! places! " mean that a country country is not just for itself but because travelling and business connects us we start to discover the whole world meet new friends and also we are moving away from our places! ;or e1ample an 5merican man has to move to an other country one in *urope because of his job! $hen there he meets a woman who is from an other country but is there because of her job too! $hey fall in love and decide to move away to a fourth country which probably is closer to their original countries! &o in a country there are a lot of people who have other nationalities or were born somewhere else but were raised there! %et#s see the case of kranian people! $here are minorities in every country all over the world! 5 lot of people immigrating immigrating into *ngland *ngland to work who genuinely genuinely do want to work! $he people people from from differ different ent culture culturess have have their their differ different ent religio religions! ns! "t causes causes ethnic ethnic tensions between people who were born and bred in their country and people who immigrated immigrated to that country! country! $here are thousands thousands of cultures on the edge of e1tinction but due to the human#s human#s creativity creativity there always are and always will be new ones to replace the lost ones! $here are people who believe in more gods the polytheists like the ancient 4reek people monotheists like the 2hristian religions and the atheists just to mention the $aoists or the :uddhists! Nowadays the numbers of the atheist are increasing probably because the people are having other o ther interests! int erests! ?ostly our parents# will determines our religion religion because they can raise us up in their own religions or decide they don#t want
@
to christen us! 'f course course as the children are growing they are getting more educated educated about the world and the different things to believe in and they can change their parents# will and choose an other faith which suits them better! better!
E
3.
Family the social status of families /the system of family allowances rendszere family/career
3. salád 5 családok szociális helyzete /a családi támogatások
család/karrier
"f we think about a family different things can be brought up in our minds depending on our own family or our ideas about a perfect or imperfect family models! *ven the smallest chidren can plan their future families in the kindergarten! $here are small families with one two or no children and there are big ones with more than two children! $he number of the members can be influenced by the other relatives living with their children grandchildren uncles aunts cousins and so on! *ven an unmarried couple can count as a family whether they have children or not! *verything depends on our different points of view! "n these days the family models are so familiar in developed and developing countries! Not just the father but the mother works too in order to insure a happier and better life! Nowadays there are not so many differences between the rights and the jobs of a man and a woman not like about hundred years ago! "n the past people didn#t like the idea of a learning or a working woman because their task was to stay at home cook meals care for the old and the children! $hey didn#t have so many rights either! %ater women started to open their eyes and said it#s not enough and not fair against them! $hey wanted to go to school and to work to provide their families and even themselves a better life! &o now a very big percent of the ladies are working but not just because they wanted but because they need n eed to work to get enough money in the family wallet! &ome people say it#s not good for the children as they get less care from their parents while they are going into kindergarten and see their family only on the late afternoons! 'f course this is hard for their parents too as they miss their children and can focus less on their jobs while they are apart from each other! 5nd again career or children. "f a child is born who will stay at home to care for him/her. "t used to be the mother but in these days when everybody is in a shortage of money people started to decide based upon their salary! 5n other problem is the reputation! (ust imagine that both of the parents are beginner doctors! $hey have to make a strong and reliable basis before they just pause it or give it up! 5 state+of+the+ art solution is that the grandmother stays at home because she can care about the young ones as she also raised up her owns she is retired retired and she gets money without without working not like her daughter who just started working and brought a baby to life at almost the same time! $he ne1t problem is the bringing up of the new life! 2lothing feeding educating everything costs money e1cept for the love and the goodwill! "f you want to care about your beloved ones and you do care about them it doesn#t mean that you can afford everything everything they need! 'ne of my acuaintanc acuaintances es said that the number of your children is inversely proportional to your living standards! " see the point in her words because when you have a child you may give everything he or she could need but if you have F
two children you split your money into two and now you can#t afford every need of your family! *ven the ancient 4reek people knew these disadvantages that#s why they didn#t have so many children because they were afraid of that they could not give the best to them! $he $he numbe numberr of the the popul populati ation on grow growss only only in not deve develo lope ped d and and disadv disadvan anta tage ged d countries such as in 5frica! "t#s not because they would be so wealthy or could care a lot about children but it#s because they can#t afford medicines and the statistics of the child mortality show deterrent numbers! )hile in the better+situated countries the population seems more lowering! " think first time marriages are later than they used to be generally! 0ounger people don#t see much point in getting married earlier! $hey#re going to university starting career and " honestly believe that they are leaving marriage and starting a family a bit later! "n
G
!.
Place o" living housing situation/ difficulties of building a house homelessness/causes/problems
,eople move away because they have grown out of the old family house and want to live in a new place further further from their parents or they have to move because they got an other job somewhere else or just need a change around themselves!
I
they can give you some advice which one you should rent! 5gents can show you around the houses which makes the decision easier whether you like the place or not! "f you decide to rent the flat you talk with the owner and leave some deposit which may be around 3 to @ months! "t is like an insurance against any damage you may make in the house or its furniture! 'f course there are other costs in any case not depending on buying building or renting your place of living! 0ou have to pay for the gas electricity and water you use! "f you rent a house the owner can decide if he or she wants to get the bills on your name or on their name and after getting the bills you pay for the owner! 5lso you write a contract which is the evidence that you live there and you use the place! 5lso if you want a temporary place of living you can still go to a hotel or a student hostel which is much cheaper but definitely not as comfortable and certain as a house! $he other problem is the homelessness and it#s causes! $here are two main groups of people! $he one who became homeless because they wanted to and the others who lost their homes because of something else like a natural natural disaster disaster such as flood fire hurricane or because they couldn#t pay their debt! $hey had to sell their house or even a bank took it from them or maybe they got divorced and one of them got the house and told their partner to go! &o the whole topic is very complicated complicated there are a lot of advantages and disadvantages for both buying and building a new home! Nowadays most of the people don#t have so much money in their pockets or bank accounts so there are significantly less new houses built! "n these times it#s not worth selling but worth buying one! 5nd to talk about the differences of moving in different countries well there are loads of! (ust for an e1ample if you are living in 5merica and your boss tells you that you will work in an other city about GBB kilometers away you just pack up your things your family and move on! :ut in
J
&.
Travelling$transport &. 'tazás$k(zlekedés problems of city traffic/ városi kHzlekedés problémái/ public transport versus using cars tHmegkHzlekedés kontra személyautó transport and environmental protection kHzlekedés és kHrnyezetvédelem tourism as a source of income az idegenforgalom mint bevételi forrás aspects of traffic development kHzlekedésfejlesztés/szempontjai
$he first and probably the most important problem of the travelling and transportation is the pollution! 2ars use fuel which is hard and costs a lot of money to produce and it is harmful for the environment! )hile the cars are rolling on the streets they spew their e1haust fumes with dangerous and polluting gases into the air! :esides it pollutes the air destroy the ozone layer and through the steam in the air and the rain it goes down deeply in the ground which is polluting the ground the water inside of it and through the water and the dirt the plants and by the plants the animals and the humans! )e have to take this hazard into consideration when we are travelling anywhere because it#s it#s not the same when there is a car with only one person or when you#re going with two three or four people in your car! "t#s even more environmental friendly if you use public transport! "t may not be the same comfortable as you won#t always get enough personal space or a seat but it#s definitely less dangerous to your living place and for yourself! 0ou 0ou can even reduce the pollution if you go by bicycle or on foot and it#s much healthier too! " use different kinds of public transportation and from personal e1periences " can say that it#s not always as bad as some people may think! Kuring the past ten years the trains and the buses became much more comfortable clean and safe than it was a long time ago! $he problem about going by train or bus is that people can#t take as many bags and packages as they would like to they have to travel with strangers the stations may not be close to the place they want to get to! 5nd the timing is an other problem like when you would have to arrive to your workplace at I-FB a!m! but the train station is in a 8B minutes walk from the place the trains go by an hour and you can wait such a long time if you go with the earlier train but you will be late if you choose the other one an hour later! 'f course you may not choose public transportation because it is not as clean and hygienic as your own car! :y the way as we mention the cars we also have to think about the driving license which people can get in
C
$o talk a bit more about the transportation not just the travelling there#s even a FB kilometres kilometres diet which is about that you are buying vegetables vegetables fruits and any kinds of food you can if it has been grown or produced in FB kilometres zone around you! "t again protects the environment because transporting food costs money time and fuel which again pollutes the environment! $hings that we import from abroad can be a bit cheaper but it definitely is much more harmful for the environment and the living beings on earth! 'ther important thing is the t he organic gardening! :asically it means that you don#t use any artificial and chemical things to protect your plants or make them bigger or grow faster! faster! $his is again a good point why you should buy homegrown vegetables and fruits from your nearest area! :ack to travelling an other form of it is when people travel to see new sights probably in new countries or in new cities they#ve never been before or just to buy things they wouldn#t get at home! ?y country
3B
). *hopping$shops consumer society
buying on credit/with credit cards/on the the "nternet shopping tourism
'ur society is growing bigger and bigger each moment and we all have our personal needs like food clothes places to live and of course water water electricity and other things! )e )e get them by shopping! )e )e can go to shopping centers or small shops or we can decide to order something to our house and there are people whose job is to deliver it! 0ears ago there were smart men in the industry who realized that people buy what they need in the best uality they can afford! :ut what if their things have long lifetimes! shopping tourism has increased! $he kraine! >kraine! 5ustria has been mainly the destination to buy uality clothes and electronic articles!
33
&hopping tourism causes a serious loss to
38
-. ommu ommun nicat icatio ion n$kee $keep ping ing in con contact tact the "nternet in business communication
;a1 e+mail versus traditional letter writing
less widely used languages vs! *nglish national cultures
-. ommu mmunikác ikáci% i%$k $ka apcs pcsolatt lattar artá táss az "nternet az 9zleti kommunikációban ;a1 e+mail kontra hagyományos levelezés ·
·
·
Nemzeti AkisD nyelvek kontra angol
Nowadays communication is very important not just between us and our friends family family etc! but between companies cities and even countries! "f there would not be the "nternet the telephone or the letter there could not be the big variet variety y of food food clothi clothing ng house househol hold d applia appliance ncess and other things in the shops shops becaus becausee the companies are keeping in contact with each other that#s why we can eat bananas oranges and food like these in nfortunately these resolutions are not always good but there can be found very nice programs on the "nternet! *ven if your language is not as well+known as like *nglish or 2hinese you can still find your favorite websites and pages on languages languages that you know! know! (ust to mention mention an interestin interesting g thingthing- *nglish *nglish is currently currently the most widely /széles kHrben/ used language on the "nternet but some people say that as the number of 2hinese people is constantly constantly /folyamatosa /folyamatosan/ n/ increasi increasing ng in a few years 2hinese language more precisely precisely /pontosabba /pontosabban/ n/ the mandarin dialect will take control over the web! $his is how the cultures spread /kiterjed/ here! $he e+mails e+mails are really easy to type and send not only because because the correctio correction n /javítás/ /javítás/ of one#s one#s mistakes mistakes but because if someone#s someone#s handwriting is not the prettiest everyone can read it i t because it#s clear! 5 big advantage /el7ny/ that if once you finished your e+mail the addressee /címzett/ will get it appro1imately /kHr9lbel9l/ in 3B minutes independently /f9ggetlen9l/ from where he or she lives while if you write a traditional letter or on its other name a snail mail it takes two days to arrive even if the person you#ve sent the letter to lives only 3B kilometers away! 5lso there is an other solution /megoldás/ the fa1! $his is kind of like when you take a picture of what you would like to show or send to someone and send the photo itself! $here are special kinds of printers which can be used for scanning and fa1ing! 0ou put your sheet face up or face down inside of the machine then you send the fa1 message to a phone number which is in connection with a printer and that printer prints your fa1 out! $his way both of you the sender and the receiver /vev7/ will get a copy from the paper! "n
3@
/. *ervices uality/guarantee of services ·
/. *zolgáltatások szolgáltatások min7sége/garanciáj a ·
·
role significance of service industry
·
·
electronic services/online ordering
·
szolgáltatóipar szerepe jelent7sége elektronikus szolgáltatások/on+line rendelés
&hopping malls /bevásárlókHzpont/ attract /vonz/ hundreds of customers each day because they are close to the city centre organize /szervez/ different programs for almost every week or month for all ages and tastes /ízlés/ or in ,laza ,laza there is a cinema! 5ll of the shopping shopping centers have some fast food restaura restaurants nts clothes clothes stores stores /ruha9zlet/ like Kon ,epe New 0orker and so on! :esides the shopping we can find places where we can chill out /lehiggad/ like hairdressers beauty salons shoe repairers /cip7javító/ cloth cleaners mobile services even car washes and so on with the list! 2hemists /gyógyszertár/ gym /edz7terem/ post office and adventure /kaland/ center ne1t to each other seems to be a great advantage and the cinemas and the casinos are nice tools /eszkHzHk/ for attracting /vonzás/ people to these centers but also sometimes we should think about the disadvantages too! ,ersonally ,ersonally " don#t really like to go shopping the only store " really like is the bookstore! *very time "#m there " am definitely /kétségtelen9l/ going to spend at least five minutes to go in and look around! $hese places have a lot of advantages like closed and climatized /klimatizált/ area /ter9let/ different shops to fulfil /szolgál/ all needs and also if you get tired of wandering /vándorlás/ around all day you can find a place to sit down and have a nice coffee with your friends or eat a good meal with your family! family! "n my opinion it is a great idea to combine free time activity with the daily shopping when you go to a supermarket to buy food for the dinner cleaning stuff /tisztítószer/ to do the housework and then you take a stroll /kószál/ on the long passages /folyosó/ window+shop /kirakatot nézeget/ laugh with your friends and you can even buy some clothes for the ne1t party! party! $hough /bár/ a lot of people like to go there not just during /alatt folyamán/ the week but at the weekends too but if we ask somebody who#s working there they definitely would say it is a hard work because they hardly have any time to care for /foglalkozik/ their family! $hey have to work a lot each day to get a small amount /Hsszeg/ of money! money! "n the morning the stores /áruház/ open around eight or nine but they have to be there at least an hour earlier to organize /gondozkodik vmir7l/ everything before the shop opens! Not everyone likes crowded /zsOfolt/ places and that#s that#s why a lot of people want to go there just in the hours when there#s there#s nobody else or they don#t go there at all /egyáltalán/! :esides the more people there are the bigger chance it means for shoplifters /bolti tolvaj/ because they can use other people to help them unless /kivéve ha/ they talk to those people or ask them to help! )e can easily become victims /áldozat/ in these situations when somebody puts like a pack of chewing gum /rágógumi/ in our pocket we don#t notice /észrevesz/ it! 5fter we go to pay pay and when we would would like to leave the shop the alarm alarm system /riasztórends /riasztórendszer/ zer/ turns on and we get punishment while the real real thief simply walks walks out ne1t to us when the alarm alarm is still on! "n big shoppi shopping ng center centerss there there##s always always a rush rush /tolon /tolongás gás// right right before before /kHzve /kHzvetle tlen9l n9l el7tte el7tte// and right right after after /kHzvetlen9l utána/ the important celebrations like 2hristmas and *aster when almost everyone celebrates and gives gifts to others! )ell these presents are not always the appropriate /megfelel7/ ones that#s why we like to keep the bill and then return our gifts and change them for more useful ones! 5t these times there are huge sales because the shops have have to sell the things they got back or stayed there! $en thousands or hundred thousands including me prefer to order and buy from the "nternet as it definitely costs less energy and time not mentioning that we don#t have to go anywhere so we can spare fuel and money too! )e get what we wanted in two or three days ma1imum a week and we didn#t even had to go out of our house or stand up from our comfortable armchair! $here are many websites selling food pieces of clothing household appliances /háztartási eszkHz/ books entertaining things and so on just to fulfill our needs of every kind and taste! )e type in the name of the thing we#re looking for and search through millions of pages and sites choose the best shop place price uality even guarantee and we order whatever we would like to! 5lso we can organize almost our whole life through websites! )e can report /AbeDjelent/ the amount of water gas and electricity we used together with our ta1 returns while we ask for a meeting with our dentist and take part in /résztvenni/ an auction auction at the same time! 0ears ago there were smart men in the industry /ipar/ who realized /rájHtt/ that people buy what they need in the best uality /min7ség/ they they can afford /nyOjt/! :ut what what if their things have long lifetimes!
3E
out /kivesz/ a microchip! $he other way is to find out what the customer would like! $hey make lots of advertisements /reklámok/ designs /modellek/ which look better and cooler than the older ones and they take action /akcióba lép/ and sale signs out /kiír/ in their windows as bait /csali/ for the people! *ven the product#s place on the shelf influences a single person in the shop- if something is in the height of our eyes we notice /észrevesz/ it sooner and think that it#s somehow better than the one on the bottom of the shelf which may be a bit cheaper and sometimes better! )henever we would like to use the guarantee to get something repaired we need the thing#s warranty /garancia/ or unless /kivéve ha/ we won#t be able to hand it in /benyOjt/! $here are problems which can be solved /megold/ but there are cases when we don#t have an other solution /megoldás/ just to buy a new one because it would cost less time and money for us! )hile we are in time according /vmivel kapcsolatban/ to the warranty warranty we have three options- usually in the first three workdays if we have any problems with the product we show the warranty and our newly bought thing let#s say a camera will be changed for a brand new one from the shelf! "n the first one two or three months our camera will be sent to a head office /kHzponti iroda/ where if it#s possible it gets repaired! )ith the clothes we can give them back and choose new things at the price of the piece we had given back previously /korábban/! Kespite /vmi ellenére/ this "#ve heard that in 5merica and *ngland they change back almost everything even meat /hOs/ that was bought a few days ago but wasn#t good enough for the consumer#s taste /ízlés/! &ometimes " feel feel that as time goes on people besides besides the laziness laziness /lustaság/ /lustaság/ will have so many idiot ideas like the one " mentioned before in connection with the meat!
3F
0. ulture$entertainment role of arts in the past and present ·
·
·
public collections and their maintenance/ historic sites mentorship/sponsorship/promotion
0. ultra$sz%rakozás mPvészetek szerepe egykor és ma ·
·
·
kHzgyPjtemények és fenntartásuk/ mPvészeti/ tHrténelmi emlékek mecenatOra/szponzoráció/reklámozás
"n ancient times art was for reasons that are not at least similar to nowadays# sense! %ike the wall paintings in the caves the arts were used to spread information share knowledge or collect memories to show them to others! $hese days we mean theater dance film music writing and other methods of entertainment by arts! $he reason why we turn to art is because we would like to rela1 enjoy something that we found beautiful or useful or the artists would like to get some money with what they loves the most! )hat " can perfectly understand! ?y biggest dream is to live off writing! )e can see the moments of everyday life like clothing hunting eating child+raising food production or even love and connections in the past on the paintings and drawings or hear about them in old songs! 5lso while we are analyzing the old pieces of art we even can see the current beliefs /kHzhiedelem/ and facts that were there at the time when the pieces were made! ;rom the 4regorian music we know that in the ?iddle 5ges 4od was a very important topic from the cave paintings we know how our first ancestors /7sHk/ lived from the paintings we know what were people wearing and from the buildings we can track /nyomon kHvet/ construction /szerkezet/ of the evolution and so on! $hese $hese days " would say that the arts# role /szerep/ /szerep/ changed changed from giving information information to help rela1ing rela1ing and entertain people! 5s we are walking on the streets we plug /bedug/ our ears in and listen to our favourite music to chill out or to speed up the time until we get to a place from another! )hen we see a painting on showcase /tárlat/ we think M)ell M)ell that would look nice on my wall " like the landscapes /tájképek/ instead of /vmi helyett/ trying to figure out which biblical scene we can see or from what age is that picture from! 5lso there are different styles for different tastes /ízlés/- everyone can find the art form or style that suits their needs needs /megfele /megfelell az igényeinek/ igényeinek/ most! most! ;or me it is hardly e1pressib e1pressible le /kifejezhe /kifejezhet7/ t7/ as " enjoy drawing drawing and painting as much as singing or writing novels lyrics and poems too like learning to play on different musical instruments! 5lthough /noha/ it is very important to keep in mind that because we are not similar our tastes are different too! $his way there are things that " really love while my best friend may think that#s not her cup of tea! 5rt 5rt itself is really subjective subjective /egyéni/ /egyéni/ as it satisfies satisfies /kielégít/ /kielégít/ everyone# everyone#s taste at the same time but on different different ways with different different tools /eszkHzHk/ and productions! $he greatest arts are usually showed in museums or their copies are on display /ki van állítva/ to show people pieces from older cultures! 5 very very big percentage of the important and or e1pensive creations /alkotások/ are in public collections which mean that museums possess /rendelkezik vmivel/ them not average /átlag/ people! $hese masterpieces /remekmP/ have special needs and are very hard to maintain /fenntart/! $hese tasks /feladat/ need e1perienced /tapasztalt/ and trustworthy /megbízható/ restaurateurs and professors to restore them to a uite good condition maybe even better than the original state! 5lso they cost incredible amounts /Hsszeg/ of money and if something something goes wrong breaks down /tHnkreme /tHnkremegy/ gy/ and can#t can#t be fi1ed on an original piece the damage damage /kár/ /kár/ is irreparable irreparable /helyrehozha /helyrehozhatatla tatlan/ n/ as we lost a piece of culture and history history!! $he other way to impair impair /megrongál/ the masterpieces is when somebody wants to get rich soon steal one from a museum or from a personal collection and sells it on the black market! Kuring /alatt folyamán/ this progress /fejl7dés/ the artworks /mPalkotások/ can go through incredible /hihetetlen/ trials / megpróbáltatásokon/ megpróbáltatásokon/ and can be losen easily for ever! $his was about the older ones but we have to mention the artists of these days! Not everyone of them has enough money to do artworks so some richer people may help them with giving money to work but as a trade /9zlet/ they can get whatever /bármit/ they want from the artists! $hese mentors# and/or sponsors# task too is to help their mentored /mentorál/ ones to show their works on e1hibition /kiállítás/ in galleries or museums! $his way more and more people can be informed about the new talents be interested in their works and who knows maybe buy some masterpieces! masterpieces! )hen somebody wants to get a piece of art basically /alapjában véve/ there are two ways to do it- the first one is when they sell and buy things directly at a discussed /megbeszélt/ price the other way is to organize /szervez/ an auction! auction! "n the second case more more possible possible consumer consumerss /fogyaszt /fogyasztók/ ók/ may show up /megjelen /megjelenik/ ik/ and they race against each other by who can give more money for a thing they would like to! ?ostly on auctions we can see antiuities /antikvitás/ or pieces of art from private collections which were hidden /rejtett/ from the world until they got to the auction because maybe their owner died or couldn#t pay their debts /adósság/ so decided to sell some Munnecessary /sz9kségtelen/ things!
3G
1. Time$eather natural catastrophes and their conseuences hole in the ozone layer/ dangers of global warming
1. 4d5$id56árás természeti katasztrófák és kHvetkezményeik az ózonlyuk/ a globális felmelegedés veszélyei ·
·
Nowadays is very rich in natural disasters such as earthuakes /fHldrengések/ wildfires /futót9zek/ hurricanes and tsunamis! $o $o the best of my knowledge two thousand and eleven A8B33D was the costliest year on record /fel van jegyezve/ in terms of /vminek a szempontjából!/ property /ingatlan/ damage /kár/ referring to /hivatkozva vmire/ natural disasters across the globe /világszerte/! (ust in the first two months of that year there were several reports about billions of fish and birds found dead everywhere! $here also were a lot of strong earthuakes with more than F!B magnitude! $o talk a bit more about these thing with the viewpoint of a businessman the insurance companies were not in such bad positions for long years! $he more catastrophes there are the more damage people have on their property /tulajdon ingatlan/ and the more damages the insurance companies have to pay! pay! $his all can be e1plained by the global warming of course which is a huge problem! $o start this topic from the beginning " should e1plain what is global warming why it develops and is harmful /káros/ for the environment! :asically /alapjában véve/ it was caused by the different gases the humans produce /termel/ with their factories cars burning and even with household appliances /háztartási eszkHz/ like the refrigerator /hPt7szekrény/ /hPt7szekrény/ or even only with a simple deodorant /dezodor/! 4ases like ;reon start to devastate /elpusztít/ the ozone layer part by part and this is what should not happen! $he ozone layer /ózonréteg/ is like an enormous /hatalmas/ bubble around the *arth and it is what keeps most of the gases like the o1ygen inside! 5lso this layer stops the dangerous ultra violet rays /sugárzás/ which can burn the skin or cause skin cancer! )ithout )ithout the ozone layer we would not be able to breathe to go out of the house or even to find a green green spot /hely /hely folt/ folt/ somewher somewheree around around because it prevents prevents the planet planet from /megakadál /megakadályoz/ yoz/ drought /szárazság/! :ut not everyone cares about it as the whole layer keeps growing thinner and thinner which causes serious problems as " mentioned mentioned before! $here is another important problem in connection with the ozone layer case which we should talk about too! $his one is the global warming! :asically it is when we produce several kinds of gases like carbon+dio1ide during a day and some of these gases reflect /visszaver7dik/ from the ozone layer and get stuck /bennragad/ inside of it! 5lso it keeps the heat /h7/ inside too! $his way the average /átlag/ temperature raises /megemel/ everywhere! $he conseuences are the melting polar ice caps /az olvadó sarki jégsapkák/ and glaciers /gleccserek/ the rising sea and ocean levels e1tinction /kihalás/ of animals and more and more species /fajok/ becoming endangered /veszélyeztetett/! 4lobal warming is a very dangerous thing that we should be aware of /tudatában van vminek/ or instead /inkább/ we will be able to swim in our back garden! Now we can#t always see its marks /jeleit/ but if we notice /észrevesz/ them like the snowless warm winter in
3I
11. 7ealth$illnesses science/research serving medical care/genetics
alternative methods of healing
health tourism
11. 8gészség$9etegségek a tudomány/kutatás az egészség9gy szolgálatában / genetika alternatív irányzatok a gyógyításban ·
·
·
egészségturizmus
"n the last few decades /az elmOlt néhány évtizetben/ there have been many developments /fejl7dés/ in scientific fields /tudományos ter9let/! =esearches /kutatások/ and e1periments /kísérletek/ help us improve /fejleszt/ our knowledge knowledge about our bodies health and diseases diseases /betegségek/! /betegségek/! :ased on the results results /eredmén /eredmények/ yek/ scientists scientists /tudósok/ and doctors can invent /feltalál/ new medicines tools /eszkHzHk/ and methods /módszerek/ which can be much more effective effective /hatásos/ and useful useful even against the most+feared most+feared /rettegett/ cancer cancer <"R <"R and 5"K&! "nterest "nteresting ing that the best techniues techniues and ideas ideas were were invented invented for military military technology technology but later spreaded spreaded out /szétterjed/! "t means that we care much more about /tHr7dik vmivel/ fighting each other than curing /gyógyítás/ and healing /orvoslás/ even our own nation! ;or me it is a bit hard to understand but if powerful /befolyásos/ /befolyásos/ and influential /tekintélyes/ people see it as the right way to go let it be this way! 5s " see the things there are three main groups of illnesses! $he curable ones the incurable ones and the ones which can be cured but will appear /megjelenik/ again in a period of time /id7kHzHnként/! $he incurable diseases /betegségek/ can be life+threatening /életveszélyes/ like cancer cancer but luckily not every case ends up in death! $o talk a bit more about them there are different options to choose from when you got one! $he first is that you become devastated /elpusztított/ not care about it at all /egyáltalán/ and slowly but surely surely it consumes /elfogyaszt/ you little by little! $he second option is that you want to stay alive so you go to a doctor and ask for help! 0ou 0ou can get different types of medicinesS go to several therapies and treatments /gyógykezelések/! &ome of my family members had different different types of cancer and as it is hardly curable unfortunately they met their end! *uthanasia *uthanasia is a method method for gracious gracious /kegyes/ /kegyes/ death death when somebody somebody is suffer suffering ing /szenved/ /szenved/ from something something which which is unuestiona unuestionably bly /vitathata /vitathatatlanu tlanul/ l/ lethal lethal /halálos/ /halálos/ like cancer cancer or <"R/5"K&! <"R/5"K&! $his type of death is reuested /kér/ by the suffering people who are not able to live with the fact /tény/ that they would die in any moment moment like in the last period period of cancer cancer or have so serious and life+thre life+threateni atening ng injuries injuries /sér9lések/ /sér9lések/ or other illnesses! $hough $hough /bár/ /bár/ in some some countries countries and states states it is forbidden forbidden /tilos/ people firmly /határozottan /határozottan// and completely completely /teljes mértékben/ have the rights to their own lives and even death which can#t be taken by others! 5ccording /vmi vonatkozásában/ to the law people can take their own life by suicide /Hngyilkosság/ or euthanasia! "f one#s forbidden they choose the other awfulness /szHrnyPség/! :y suicide people can be prevented prevented /megakadály /megakadályoz/ oz/ from suffer suffering ing at the end of their life from low living living standard standards s even from abusement abusement /megaláztatá /megaláztatás/ s/ and forced forced /kikénysze /kikényszerítet rített/ t/ prostitutio prostitution! n! "t may be a relief relief /megkHnnyeb9lés/ in these situations and can free up more medical funds /ApénzDalap/ to others who really need it who wants to stay alive! 5lso people who live in places where euthanasia is forbidden they invented /feltalál/ the Meuthanasia+tourism which is about that they go to a country where it is legal and according to their wish they die there! $his is another method for being free! &witzerland the Netherlands! 5s " see it euthanasia is not a bad thing as it keeps away people from suffering and everything is happening as they want it to be like! "n front of me the only one thing that would deter /elrettent/ me from it if " would be so ill like in the last period of cancer the fact that my beloved ones may forgive it to me as they could understand it! :ut suicide is different! "t is very selfish even if everything is hopeless in your life! 5lso there are other alternative methods of healing like the homeopathic medicines which are based on hundred precent natural components /Hsszetev7/ like herbs /gyógynHvény/ which were used since the human appeared /megjelenik/ on *arth! *ven a few decades ago there were no special medicines drugs pills and other stuff stuff but there there were were the nature nature which which people people would would believ believee in! $here $here were were some some reall really y nice nice sample sampless /mintapélda/ when someone#s belief /hit/ was strong enough to get well! $his is the base idea of placebo pills! $hey are simply made of glucose and mostly used as fake antidepressant /antidepresszáns/ /antidepresszáns/ pills! 'f course if we don#t want to fill ourselves with any kinds of pills or medicines there are other alternatives like specif specific ic massag massages es energ energy y therap therapies ies essent essential ial oils /illóo /illóolaj lajok/ ok/ mind mind thera therapie pies s or if whole whole body body parts parts / AalkotóDr AalkotóDrész/ ész/ are injured /megsér9l/ /megsér9l/ we can go and take up /hozzáfog /hozzáfog vmihez/ vmihez/ some kind of sport! 5s " had problems with my spine " had to go swimming and took part in a physiotherapy class each week! 5lone it wouldn#t be so enjoyable but as "#m going as a member of a group made mostly of girls from my school and at my age it#s much more fun than work for my health!
3J
$o see things from the healthy side we all should do some sports at least as a hobby because it is very good for the lungs /t9d7k/ /t9d7k/ heart heart muscle muscless and bones bones and for our whole being! being! 5t least least we feel that that we are doing doing something for our own health and everybody can find something which he or she would like in a sport and attract /vonz/ them to do that! :esides the sport we should protect our immune system too as it is weak /gyenge/ it can#t protect us from diseases /betegségek/ which we are in touch every day! )earing warmer clothes in the cold weather or drinking at least one and a half two litres of liuids /folyadék/ a day is one of the best things we can do and it is not so hard to fill /megtHlt/ a glass with water and drink it! 5voiding /elker9lés/ alcohol and smoking also is a great thing as we don#t destroy /elpusztít/ our own body by all those harmful chemicals and other thing! )ould )ould you eat a piece of asphalt /aszfalt/ each day day then breathe in a bottle of air freshener /légfrissít7/. No. $hen why do we smoke if the same things can be found in a cigarette or a cigar. )ell )ell people have strange habits in connection with their bodies!
3C
12. *port first+class sports T mass sports/doping
professionalism/amateurism in sport/e1treme sports sport and women Achess bo1ing weightliftingD sports and marketing
12. *port élsport T tHmegsport/dopping ·
·
·
·
profi/amat7r sport/e1trém sport sport és a n7k Asakk HkHlvívás sOlyemelés futballD sport és reklám
&port &port is a very important important thing is one#s one#s life! "t can protect protect our health our body body refresh the mind strengthe strengthen n /meger7s /meger7sít/ ít/ us inside and outside outside not to talk about the reduction reduction /csHkkenés/ /csHkkenés/ of the daily stress! stress! 5s we are different we can#t all be in just one specific sport so during the centuries and millenniums /ezredév/ people invented /feltalál/ several kinds of sports with different moves rules euipment /képesség/ and reuirements /kHvetelmé /kHvetelmények/ nyek/!! &ome are dangerous dangerous some are not your choice may depend depend on your physical physical abilities abilities /képességek/ and the fact that how adventurous /vakmer7/ you are! $here are e1treme sports for the adrenaline lovers like hiking /tOrázás/ windsurfing scuba diving or parachuting /ejt7erny7zés/ slow sports which need more concentration and more use of your brain like chess and golf there are the martial arts /harcmPvészetek/ and their branches /ágazatai/ and the list could go on for long pages! ;or me " tried lots of sports as a hobby and/or a form to keep fit folkdance Lumba running horse riding etc! 5s " see it women might like doing sport more than men as we are considered to be more worried about our health and shape so small wonder that we have at least the same number of girls as boys on each training! ?en are said to be lazier /lustább/ and " would say we can see less men running on the streets alone!
8B
13. :edia 13. :édia objectivity/impartiality of providing information a tájékoztatás objektivitása pártatlansága stars/celebrities sztárság/celebség ·
·
5s this age is considered /megfontolt/ to be the age of information media plays a very important role in our daily lives! $he television the radio newspapers and the "nternet are just a few e1amples of communication! )hen we wake up in the morning we turn on the $R $R watch the news or the weather forecast /el7rejelzés/! )hile having breakfast a lot of people like to read their favorite newspaper newspaper and when they set off to work they turn on the radio in their car! 5t 5t their workplace or after they got home they use their computers to surf the "nternet! 'f course we can#t can#t stay out of the current political topics or not be influenced /befolyás/ by one of the parties as every single form of media reflects /reagál/ the interests of one party party at least! None of the tools /eszkHzHk/ of the media can be considered to be objective though /bár/ we still keep using them as we form our opinion based on our own ideas interests and needs not really on what others may say! "n
83
through daily routines like reading listening to radio or watching $R! $hey use our time of relay /kHzvetít/ for their own interests! " don#t watch news or other programmes like that! " watch a lot series! 'ne of my favourites is &upernatural! $his television drama is about two brothers &am and Kean who were raised /felnevel/ by their father (ohn to hunt and kill all things that go Mbump in the night /az éjszaka rejtélyes/félelmetes zajai/! $he two leading men are (ared ,adalecki and (ensen 5ckles! (ensen is very attractive and handsome! " know about him he is married and he has a daughter because " heard or read it but honestly " don#t care! ?any people want to know everything about their favourites! "n my opinion they should care about their life not others! $hat#s way celebrities can be! $hey are ridiculous! ,ersonally " think that we are a too small country to this many celebrities! &tars are maybe different or maybe not! :ut " think some singers actors authors etc! are very different from celebrities! $hey try to move to your heart by t heir songs movies or books not their scandals /botrány/!
"n this running world not everyone has the time they would need to chill out /lehiggad/ but we still have our interests in sports art and other rela1ing opportunities! " would say that almost everybody has a hobby that he or she really likes to do! ;or some t his hobby is their work for others their hobby begins after work time or at the weekends! 5 lot of the hobbies are based on old traditions and their practice like painting martial arts /harcmPvészetek/ and singing! ;or me " have a lot of hobbies but mostly based on old traditional ones such as drawing painting and writing! )riting is not just a hobby for me! "t is lifestyle! " write short stories novels and poems! )hen " start to write in 8B3B " was also writing $wilight fanfictions! ;anfiction is when someone takes either /egyik/ the story or characters Aor bothD of a certain /bizonyos/ piece of work whether /akár/ it be a novel tv show movie etc! /et cetera/ and create their own story based on /alapul vmin/ it! " publish my writings on my website and a couple times a year in anthologies! >nfortunately in
8@
1&. *tudying$ork 1&. Tanulás$munka AoverDualification/chances on the labour market AtOlDképzettség/munkaer7piaci esélyek lifelong education 5z élethosszig tartó tanulás ·
·
employment opportunities/mobility
·
*lhelyezkedési lehet7ségek/mobilitás
chances of disadvantaged individuals/groups
·
5 hátrányos helyzetPek esélyei
"n almost /majdnem/ all countries there is a law about what age children must study! "n
8E
5lso employing disadvantaged people mean advantages /el7nyHk/ too like ta1 reductions /csHkkenés/ and some financial /pénz9gyi/ support /támogatás/ from the government! $aking this into consideration /megfontolás/ it might be more worthwhile /megéri a fáradtságot/ to have some of those people in our company! company! $he connection between the employer ant the employed is a very important thing! )hen someone is annoyed /bosszantó/ each day by their boss they can#t do their best at their workplaces because they#re under great pressure /nyomás/ and stress! $he employers should be e1amples for how to work and how to work well! 5s an employer we shouldn#t e1pect /elvár/ more from our workers workers than we are able to do! "f the see that we are asking for things we can#t do they will be upset /zaklatott/ and soon we can find ourselves alone in our own company!
8F
1). 8uropean 'nion the role of the *> in world politics
common/national currency
1). Az 8ur%pai 'ni% az *> szerepe a világpolitikában ·
·
egységes/nemzeti valuta
$he *uropean >nion is an economic and political union of 8I independent member states which are located primarily in *urope! *urope! $he *> was born in 3CF3 to end enmity /ellenségeskedés/ and guarantee a more peaceful future for the old continent! :ack then it was called the *uropean 2oal and &teel 2ommunity 2ommunity set up by :elgium ;rance "taly %u1embourg %u1embourg and the Netherlands! $he rules of co+operation were set out /kiemel/ in the $reaty $reaty of ,aris /,árizsi &zerz7dés/! #s history! 2andidate 2andidate /pályázó/ countries countries had been guided guided through through /végigveze /végigvezet/ t/ the accession accession /csatlakozás /csatlakozás bejutás/ process /folyamat/ /folyamat/ under the ,<5=* ,<5=* program! $he single market /piac/ was the *>#s first achievement /eredmény/ completed in 3CC@! 2ompanies are able to sell /elad/ their goods anywhere and professional services can be offered offered /felajánl/ in any member state! $he single market has led /vezet/ to increased /megn7tt/ competition /verseny/ of business resulting /eredményesség/ in lower prices and a greater choice of goods and services! $he objective /cél/ of the *> is to enhance /nHvel/ compatitiveness /versenyképesség/ /versenyképesség/ in the world market! $he second major milestone /mérfHldk7/ of integration /integrációS beillesztés/ was the establishment /alapítás/ of the *conomic and ?onetary >nion which aims to /igyekszik tHrekszik/ coordinate /Hsszehangol/ economic policy and integrate /integrál beilleszt/ the economies of member countries in the interest /érdekeltség/ of steady /egyenletes/ growth! "n the *> G millio million n jobs jobs were were creat created ed betwe between en 3CCC 3CCC and 8BB@! $he aim /cél/ /cél/ is to raise raise /megem /megemeln elni/ i/ the employment level /foglalkoztatási szintet/ guarantee eual /egyenl7/ opportunities and encourage /HsztHnHz/ job+ creating /munkahelyteremt7/ investments /beruházás/! $he *> has instituted instituted /alapít/ various various crossbor crossborder der /határokon /határokon átível7/ programmes programmes to e1pand e1pand /kiterjesz /kiterjeszt/ t/ the scope /lehet7ség/ of learning opportunities for the citizens /állampolgár/! A%eonardo Ka Rinci/*rasmus Rinci/*rasmus ,rogramD! $he goal is to provide opportunities for lifelong learning to make people more competitive /verseny/ in the job market! $he *> has establishe established d a comprehe comprehensive nsive /széleskH /széleskHrP rP átfogó/ átfogó/ framew framework ork /váz /váz szerkeze szerkezet/ t/ for environmen environmental tal protection and *> participates /kHzremPkHdik részt vesz/ in a lot of international environmental programs! $he *>#s *>#s objective is to involve the public in /részt vesz vmiben/ protecting the environment! # *>#s core core values values /alapé /alapérté rtékek kek/! /! &ince &ince 3CC8 3CC8 all agreemen agreements ts /megállap /megállapodás/ odás/ on trade trade /kereske /kereskedelem delem// and cooperati cooperation on /egy9ttmPkH /egy9ttmPkHdés/ dés/ contain contain /tartalm /tartalmaz/ az/ a clause /záradék/ on safeguarding /megvédés/ human rights! :eside financial /pénz9gyi/ help the *> promotes /támogat el7segít/ economic growth!
8G
1-. ulture and civilisation ; The The hom homee cou count ntry ry and and the the targ target et lang langua uage ge coun countr tryy fame/recognition in the world/ their relationship to each other ·
1-.
·
differences in traditions/ customs /ideology
·
elté eltéré rése sek k a hagyo agyomá mán nyokb yokban an// szokásokban/ világfelfogásban
A$he >nited 6ingdom 6ingdom A>6D consists consists of *ngland *ngland )ales )ales &cotland &cotland Awhich collective collectively ly /egy9ttese /egy9ttesen/ n/ make up /alkot/ 4reat :ritainD and Northern "reland! $he >6#s >6#s geography is varied /változatos/ and includes /magába foglal/ foglal/ cliffs cliffs /sziklák/ /sziklák/ along /mentén/ some coastlines coastlines /partvonal/ /partvonal/ highlands highlands /felvidék /felvidék// and lowlands lowlands /síkság /síkság alfHld/ and hundreds of islands off /távoli/ the western and northern coasts /partvidék/ of &cotland! $he most important important sectors sectors of the >6#s >6#s economy economy in 8B3E were public administr administration ation defence defence /védelem/ /védelem/ education human health and social work activities /tevékenység/ A3J!@ UD wholesale /nagykereskedelem/ and retail /kiskereskedelem/ /kiskereskedelem/ trade /9zlet/ transport accommodation /szállás/ and food services A3J!E UD and industry /ipar/ A3@!F UD!D $he >6#s main e1port partners are 4ermany the >nited &tates and the Netherlands while its main import partners are 4ermany 4ermany 2hina and >&5! $he >nited 6ingdom is a recognized /elismert/ state with strong economy and deep+rooted /mélyen gyHkerez7/ traditions! &ystem of government of >6 is kingdom and the citizens respect the royalties /a királyi család tagjai/ so much! >6 is one of the founding members members /alapító /alapító tag/ of the *uropean *uropean >nion but they didn#t changeover changeover their currency the ,ound to the *uro! :ecause of ,ound is strong enough even stronger than *uro! $he other reason of that if they changeover to the *uro the Vueen should smile from the back of their currency! currency! 'fficial 'fficial currency of nited 6ingdom to take their chance! nited 6ingdom include /beleértve/ A6 and their descendants /leszármazott/ /leszármazott/ of which there are a substantial number /jelent7s számO/!D &ince nion in 8BBE the >6#s >6#s 6 such such as over over here! here! :ut the Vueen# Vueen#ss birthd birthday ay is very very signif significa icant nt /jelen /jelent7s t7s// there there!! "n traditionally on second &unday in (une hundreds of people go to watch the W$rooping of the 2olour# /menetelés a színekben színekben/ / that is the Vueen inspecting inspecting /megtekint/ /megtekint/ the troops troops /katonákat /katonákat// parading parading their regimenta regimentall flag /ezredzászló/! $his is a colourful ceremony which takes place on the
8I
1/. Pu9lic li"e the purity of public life
political parties/elections/referendum
1/. Pu9lic li"e a kHzélet tisztasága/korrupció ·
·
politikai pártok/ választások/népszavazás
Nowadays the economy and society changes moment by moment leaving changes in people#s life too! 5 lot of bad thing are happening also but these crimes are caused by the people who don#t want to agree on /megegyezik vmiben/ and accept /elfogad/ everything that the government or the laws say! $hese days corruption grows to greater sizes and a lot of policemen politicians and other people are being sent to jail because they#ve been charged /vádol/ with corruption! :esides corruption there#s very often smuggling /csempészés/ which is the clandestine /illegális/ transportation of goods or people such as out of a building into a prison prison or across across an internation international al border border in violation violation /megsértés/ /megsértés/ of applicable /érvényes/ laws or other regulations /el7írások/! $here are a lot of economic crimes like corruption! "n economy corruption is payment for services or material /anyagi/ which is not due /nem jogosult vmire/ to the recipient /elfogadó/ under law! %ike when you go at a higher speed somewhere that it is not allowed /tilos/ at that place and a policeman arrests /megállít/ you you give money to the man to let you go this way you don#t have to pay a fine /bírság/ give him your driving license or serve time /letHlti az idejét/ in prison! "f it turns out that you bribed /megveszteget/ a policeman both of you will be arrested and have to go to jail! 2orruption is dishonesty /tisztességtelen/ and illegal behaviour /viselkedés/ by people in positions of power! $his is certainly certainly /biztosan/ /biztosan/ one of today# today#ss much+dis much+discusse cussed d /tOlbeszélt /tOlbeszélt// and over+disp over+disputed uted /tOlvitatot /tOlvitatott/ t/ topics! topics! 5nd talking about corruption it seems that the first institution /intézmény/ that comes to mind is the police and the field of politics hand+in+hand with security guards /tHrvény 7rei/! &o corruption corruption is surely surely /biztosan/ /biztosan/ everywher everywhere e and as long as /amíg/ /amíg/ human inhabit inhabit /tartózko /tartózkodik dik él vhol/ the world it will be an inherent /benne rejl7/ phenomenon /jelenség/ of our life! "n
8J
10. 8nvironmental protection prevention in environmental protection protection
10. (rnyezetvédelem megel7zés/elhárítás a kHrnyezet+ védelemben environmental catastrophes and their conseuences kHrnyezeti katasztrófák kHvetkezményeik ·
·
és
,eople who have money usually like to spend it on things that are cheap to their wallets and sometimes think that the amount /mennyiség/ they currently /jelenleg/ have is not enough if they can have more from that! )e don#t even notice /észrevesz/ it but we are wasting /pazarol/ in every moment of our life mostly energy water and of course with that money! (ust for an e1ample of waste /pazarlás/- an average /átlag/ person throws away the amount of food as their body weight multiplied /sokszorosít/ by FBB during their lifetime! ;ortunately ;ortunately people are aware of /tudatában van vminek/ the waste and it#s harmful /káros/ effects on nature and now a lot of us is trying to help the environment and save the *arth before it#s too late! "n my opinion the appropriate /megfelel7/ education /nevelés/ plays a very important role /szerep/ in protecting our planet! )hen " will be a mother " would definitely /kétségtelen9l/ teach my children to the green lifestyle! )hat does the @=s mean- reduce /csHkkent/ reuse /Ojra felhasznál/ and recycle /Ojrahasznosít/! "n order /vminek a sorrendjében/ to keep keep water water and air clean clean we should should use less dishwa dishwashe sherr aeroso aerosoll sprays sprays cars cars and so on! *ven *ven reduc reducing ing /csHkkentés/ the number of the smokers would help as the more people who give up this harmful /káros/ habit the less dangerous smoke flies up in the air to poison us and to help destroying /elpusztítani/ the ozone layer! $his layer basically is made of ozone and protects us from the harmful ultra violet rays /ultra viola sugárzás/ but keeps all the carbon dio1ide inside of it which causes the global warming by not letting the air cool down! :ack to recycling /Ojrahasznosítás/ more and more recycling bins are put out on the streets helping to collect garbage /szemét hulladék/ separately /k9lHn+k9lHn/- paper plastic glass and metal /fém/! "t makes a l ot easier to reuse things like bottles which are going into the factories separately and people don#t have to spend time on picking out /kiválaszt/ the different different ones all of them can melt down /beolvaszt/ to be born again maybe in an other form! $his is how we can make toys for children from nylon bags! *nvironmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment and can be done on three different levelsindividual organizational or governmental and all these are for the benefit of the natural environment and/or the humans! *normous /hatalmas/ factories like leather /b7r/ factories use a lot of water and they can#t store /tárol/ or reuse it so they have to give it back to nature which in this dirty status is very dangerous for any living being! &o people started to invent /feltalál/ things that would help them cleaning /megtisztít/ water water using differ di fferent ent filters /szPr7k/ /szPr7k/ like sand chambers chambers /homokkam /homokkamra/ ra/ and chemicals chemicals like germicide germicidess /fert7tlen /fert7tlenít7sz ít7szerek erek/ / disinfecta disinfectants nts /fert7tlenít7szerek/ /fert7tlenít7szerek/ and so on with also dangerous and harmful things! )e are using cars and motorcycles more than public transportation and this is a great hazard /kockázat/ to us! )e pollute the air and also cause noise pollution! 5t least we should try the carpool /kHzHs gépkocsihasználat/ thing which means when more people want to go somewhere they don#t go all alone but use as less cars as they can by fitting /bepréselés/ more people in one machine taking into consideration /mérlegelés megfontolás/ the allowed /AmegDenged/ /AmegDenged/ amount /mennyiség/ of people sitting in the same car at a time! 'f course course public public transpor transportt may may not be the same comfor comfortab table le but it is cheape cheaperr and means signif significa icantl ntly y /jelent7sen/ less damage /kár/ to the environment! 5nd because we don#t pay enough attention /figyelem/ to nature it keeps warming us that it won#t last until the end of humanity by sending us natural disasters as signs! %ast years was very rich in natural disasters such as tsunamis hurricanes and earthuakes! $here $here also environmenta environmentall catastro catastrophes phes which are caused caused by humans humans like oil spills /olajfoltok/ /olajfoltok/ on the ocean when a ship capsizes /felborul/ or like forest fires caused by arson! $hese things leave a lot of damage behind them them like like homele homeless ss and hurt hurt people people destro destroyed yed /elpus /elpusztí ztítot tott/ t/ forest forests s fields fields and planta plantatio tions ns /9ltet /9ltetvén vény/ y/ starvation /éhezés/ and death both for humans and animals! " think the time has come to face with our faults and their conseuences and try to protect what#s left or we can lose it at a glance /rHgtHn/!
8C
2. urrent topics$events public life/politics/N4's economy/arts/sport
2. Aktuális témák$események kHzélet/politika/civil szervezetek ·
·
gazdaság/mPvészetek/sport
N4' is a catch+all catch+all /mindent megvizsgáló/ megvizsgáló/ vague /bizonytalan/ term /kifejezés/ /kifejezés/ which refers refers to /céloz vmire/ any independe independent nt /f9ggetlen /f9ggetlen// voluntary voluntary /Hnkéntes/ /Hnkéntes/ association association /egyes9let /egyes9let// of people people acting acting /cseleksz /cselekszik/ ik/ together together to achieve /elér/ common /kHzHs/ purpose /cél/ either /egyik/ to the benefit /haszon/ of their own members /tagok/ or in the interests of their fellow countrymen /honfitárs/! /honfitárs/! =eligious organisations /szervezetek/ scientific bodies /tudományos csoportok/ and trade unions /szakszervezet/ are also treated /bánik vmivel/ as N4's by the >nited Nations! National N4's champion /síkra száll/ their causes /9gyek/ at national level /nemzeti/! "nternational N4's such as 4reenpeace conduct /vezet/ their programmes worldwide Aand serve /nyOjt/ their members and the universal public by disseminating /elterjesztés/ information designing /tervezés/ and implementing /végrehajtás/ projects and conducting /irányítás/ research /kutatás/D! "t is better to say it in the very beginning that " do not have any political views /vélemény/ or interests before we would start! " don#t watch news but " hear things about the current political situations! $hese days so many things are happening and running on $R like the *urope migrant crisis or visiting of the president of 2hina in the >&5! 5ll of them are so important because every step of humanity have conseuences /kHvetkezmény/ /kHvetkezmény/ and if we do something it not only affects /hat/ our own life but it has influence on /hatással van vmire/vkire/ others too! 5bout two weeks ago the president of 2hina was on his first official state visit to the >nited &tates! nited &tates said for the world#s two largest economies /gazdaságok/ energy consumers /fogyasztók/ and carbon emitters /szénkibocsátók/ to came together like this there was no reason for other countries T whether developed or developing T to not do so as well! AM;or the world#s two largest economies energy consumers and carbon emitters to come together like this there is no reason for other countries T whether developed or developing T to not do so as well /ne így tegyenek/!D =ecently /mostanában/ the other huge problem is the migrant crisis! $he eyes of the world are upon us! $he migrant people come here without registration they don#t let them register! &ome of the migrants try to go forward to 4ermany with fake documents! %ately our government has beefed up /meger7sít/ the border between
@B
progress /felép9lési folyamat/ faster! faster! Kue to /vmi kHvetkeztében/ the combination of sport and medical help in a rehabilitation /rehabilitáció/ program the war+damaged war+damaged /háborOs sér9lt/ men could keep their physical and mental conditions fit and helped them overcoming /fel9lkerekedni/ their bad e1periences! $o talk a little about art- in ancient times art was for reasons that are not at least /legalább/ similar to nowadays# sense /értelme vminek/! %ike the wall paintings in the caves /barlangok/ the arts were used to spread /kiterjed/ information share knowledge or collect memories to show them to others! $hese days we mean theater dance film music writing and other methods of entertainment by arts! $he reason why we turn to art is because we would like to rela1 enjoy something that we found beautiful or useful or the artists would like to get some money with what they loves the most! )hat " can perfectly understand! ?y biggest dream is to live off writing! &o there are many things going on this year in art! (ust for an e1ample on 3@th AofD ;ebruary the ;ifty &hades of 4rey was presented! "t was originally written as a $wilight $wilight fanfiction called M?aster of the >niverse! ;anfiction is when someone takes either /egyik/ /egyik/ the story or character characterss Aor bothD of a certain certain /bizonyos/ /bizonyos/ piece of work work whether /akár/ it be a novel tv show movie etc! /et cetera/ and create their own story based on /alapul vmin/ it! " am an author and when " was start t o write in 8B3B " was also writing $wilight $wilight fanfictions! 'f course besides movies the books are also important in my life! "f " can " read a lot! ?y favourite hungarian author is Ravyan ;able! ;irst " met her in 8B38 and she signed my book! &he told me my nickname 5by reminded her of a fictitious character from the 5ddams ;amily! :ut " don#t know which character she spoke about!
5s ancient /7si/ people started started to e1plore e1plore /felfedez/ /felfedez/ the world they didn#t didn#t know know they met new cultures and traditions traditions /hagyományok /hagyományok/ / as they found other ones living living further further /tovább/ from them! :y /által/ /által/ conuerin conuering g /meghódított/ new areas /ter9letek/ slowly they started to adapt to /alkalmazkodik vmihez/ the new things and take the more more improved improved /tHkéletes /tHkéletesített/ ített/ nationalities# nationalities# habits habits and traditions traditions like the 5rabic 5rabic numbers numbers the medical medical /egészség /egészség9gyi 9gyi orvosi/ and healing healing /gyógyítási /gyógyítási// traditions traditions all in all /mindent /mindent egybevetve egybevetve/ / they adopted /átvesz/ everything that could be useful them sooner or later /el7bb vagy utóbb/! "t is how the habits and traditions got mi1ed /Hsszekeveredik/ and the bounds /határok/ blurred /elmosódtak/ little by little /apránként/! $hese days it is the same way but with little changes! )e )e are not trying to conuer /meghódít/ others but we still take the other#s habits we move from a place to an other other change even our country and nothing is fi1ed /állandó/ in our lives only our relatives! "f we take an 5merican 5merican and a
@8
:ig compan companies ies and factor factories ies test test cosme cosmetic ticss and other other chemic chemicals als /vegys /vegyszer zer// on anima animals! ls! 5nd during during e1perime e1periments nts /kísérlete /kísérletek/ k/ of genetic genetic engineeri engineering ng /genetikai /genetikai kutatás/ they also might involve involve /érint /érint kiterjed/ kiterjed/ animals because of the fact /tény/ that some plants or their engineered versions may be harmful /ártalmas/ or poisonous /mérgez7/ /mérgez7/ to human beings so scientists /tudósok/ use animals first to decide /AelDdHnt/ whether /vajon/ /vajon/ real people can test it or not! $here $here are a lot of animal+r animal+rights ights activists activists who try to protest protest against at /tiltakozás vmi miatt/ these animal e1periments as they think that the animals also have feelings and rights for the life for a healthy and liveable /élhet7/ life! ;or e1ample ,*$5 is an organization /szervezet/ for the animal rights! &ome people are interested in it some don#t know anything about it but bigger percentage /százalék/ of people simply just don#t care about it and buy the things they see on the shelves and in the advertisements /reklámok/!
@@
23. 23. urr urren entt >ues >uesti tion onss on econ econom omy$ y$so socie ciety ty
smuggling goods/people
dangers of smoking/taking drogs
23. 23. Aktu Aktuál ális is gazd gazdas aság ági$ i$tá társ rsad adal almi mi kérdések áru+ és embercsempészet ·
·
dohányzás/drogfogyasztás veszélyei
$here are various /k9lHnféle/ motivations to smuggle /csempészik/! $hese include /tartalmaz/ the participation /részvét /részvétel/ el/ in illegal illegal trade trade /kereske /kereskedelem delem/ / such as in the drug trade trade in illegal immigrat immigration ion /bevándorlás/ /bevándorlás/ or illegal emigration /kivándorlás/ ta1 evasion /adókiker9lés/ providing contraband /csempészet/ to inmates of the prison /bHrtHnlakók/ or the theft /lopás/ of the items /áruk/ being smuggled! *1amples of non+financial /nem anyagi/ motivations include bringing banned /tiltott/ items past /átvisz/ a security checkpoint T such as airline security security T or the removal removal /eltávolítás/ /eltávolítás/ of classified classified /bizalmas/ /bizalmas/ documents documents from a governmen governmentt or a corporate corporate /vállalati/ office! 5 lot of smuggling happens in our country too especially from the >krainian and &erbian side!
@E