[ueêrdl K]V[L HM EJ@]XM@ÇËL M VMRJVL HM KMC]CJVM[ J]CJ 2: D`trlhuçël @lçýms hm mcmtrdkdhjhm m mcmtrø`dkj Grj`hmzjs mcätrdkjs Am`øem`ls Am`øe m`ls hj `jturmzj? hmskjrgjs mcätrdkjs Jtmrrjem`tl Jtmrrjem` tl deplrtj`tm `j lkd`j Hmsm`nl hm mcmtrø`dkj Gmrjhlrms hm mcmtrdkdhjhm J`jclgdj m`trm m`mrgdj ndhrêucdkj m mcätrdkj
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdr Frjsdcmdrl l Jhed`dstrjçël Cudz Amr`j`hl Hd`dz @jsl Olsä Kjrcls Hd`dz @jsl D`ïs Hd`dz @jsl Gmrm`tm Gmrjc Elhmstl Rj`tjcäj Nmcdl Olsä Jcvms Hdrmçël hm Jrtm Hj`dmc Olrgm hm Kjepls Jssdstm`tm Ouråhdkl Hr. Ojrfjs J`hrjhm Ejkndl`d Rrlhuçël Hm``mr Kjejrgl Jcvms Vmvdsël Vlsmcd J`jstêkdl [dcvj Kcjuhdj hm J. Ejrj`nël Rrmskltt @jsl
Hdrmtlrj Gmrjc Drm`m Vlhrdgums hm Lcdvmdrj Xmdxmdrj Vdfmdrl Kllrhm`jçël Hdhêtdkj Wjchledrl Vmkknd Krdslgl`l J`tl`dl Ejrtd`s Altlgrjj / Dejgm`s Qdtlr Cdej Ejzl` Jutlr Wjchledrl Vmkknd Krdslgl`l J`tl`dl Ejrtd`s Mhdtlrjçël D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl Mhukjçël hm Olvm`s m Jhutls CXHJ. Deprmssël D]FVJ - D`hÿstrdj Grêkj m Mhdtlrj Cthj. Vlhlvdj Mstjhujc Fldtuvj - Dpmrû, ie :,: Kjepls hm Fldtuvj - Fldtuvj - [R KMR :>==2-222
Xlhls ls hdrmdtls sël rmsmrvjhls. rmsmr vjhls. @ël ä pmredtdhj j rmprlhuçël tltjc lu pjrkdjc hmstm kursl.
kjrrmgjhl `mgjtdvjem`tm. Jl kl`trêrdl, sm tdvmr ejds prûtl`s hl qum mcätrl`s, hdzmels qum mstê kjrrmgjhl plsdtdvjem`t plsdtdvjem`tm. m. Adgurj :.
D`trlhuçël Jl mcjflrjr mstm kursl, ls smtlrms pmhjgûgdkl m täk`dkl hl D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl lfomtdvjrje kjpjkdtjr ls jcu`ls `j ej`utm`çël m rmpjrl hm jpjrmcnls hm tmcmal`dj kmcucjr. Ä deplrtj`tm rmssjctjr qum mssm jssu`tl `ël ä tël sdepcms pjrj smr ed`dstrjhl kle uej rmcjçël hm hmamdtls m smus rmpjrls. L tmcmal`m kmcucjr ä ue jpjrmcnl hm rêhdl m, plrtj`tl, j trj`sedssël lklrrm plr kl`tj hm l`hjs mcmtrlejg`ätdkjs, rjzël pmcj qujc l jcu`l hmvm rmkmfmr kl`nmkdem`tls slfrm? mcmtrdkdhjhm m mcmtrø`dkj fêsdkj, kdrkudtls cûgdkls, edkrlprlkmssjhlrms edkrlprlkmssjhlrms m suj prlgrjejçël, cmdturj m d`tmrprmtjçël hm msqumejs m hdjgrjejs me fclkls, dtm`s d`hmspm`sêvmds pjrj j alrejçël hm prlssdl`jds kjpjkdtjhls `j dhm`tdkjçël hm prlfcmejs `ls mqudpjem`tls hm tmcmal`dj kmcucjr m klel slcukdl`ê-cls. Jpûs mssms kl`nmkdem` kl`nmkdem`tls, tls, l jcu`l mstjrê prl`tl pjrj ajzmr l jklepj`njem`tl hj pjrtm prêtdkj kleplstj pmcl pjssl j pjssl hls hdamrm`tms hmamdtls hmamdtls m j slcuçël hmstms.
Adgurj : : - Êtlel.
Rjrj mxmepcdkjr, vjels tlejr plr fjsm uej pdcnj, kuol pûcl plsdtdvl jprmsm`tj uej kjrï`kdj lu ajctj hm mcätrl`s, m`quj`tl qum l pûcl `mgjtdvl plssud mcätrl`s slfrj`hl. [m klclkjrels uej cæepjhj m`trm ls hlds pûcls, mcj drê jkm`hmr, hmvdhl â pjssjgme hls mcätrl`s hl pûcl `mgjtdvl pjrj l plsdtdvl. Adgurj 6.
@lçýms hm Mcmtrdkdhjhm m Mcmtrø`dkj Ejtärdj Hm`dels ejtärdj klel sm`hl jqudcl qum lkupj cugjr `l mspjçl. J ejtärdj sm jprmsm`tj `ls mstjhls?
Adgurj 6 6 - [m`tdhl hls mcätrl`s hl pûcl `mgjtdvl pjrj l pûcl plsdtdvl.
J mssm stuxl hm mcätrl`s hl pûcl `mgjtdvl pjrj l plsdtdvl hê-sm l `lem hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj.
• [ûcdhl 5 amrrl, ejhmdrj, mtk.9 • Cåqudhl 5 êguj, gjslcd`j, mtk.9 • Gjslsl 5 lxdgï`dl, ndhrlgï`dl, mtk.
Klrrm`tm Mcätrdkj
Xlhj ejtärdj ä alrejhj plr êtlels. Ls êtlels sël alrejhls plr?
Rlrtj`tl, klrrm`tm mcätrdkj plhmels hdzmr qum ä l elvdem`tl lrdm`tjhl hls mcätrl`s cdvrms jtrjväs hls kl`hutlrms. J d`tm`sdhjhm hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj ä rmprmsm`tjhj pmcj cmtrj –D― m j u`dhjhm hm emhdhj ä l jepärm kuol såeflcl ä j cmtrj J. L jepärm ä emhdhl kle l jepmråemtrl. J d`tm`sdhjhm hj klrrm`tm smrê tj`tl ejds d`tm`sj
• Rrûtl`s, qum tme kjrgj plsdtdvj9 • Mcätrl`s, qum tme kjrgj `mgjtdvj9 • @ïutrl`s, qum tme kjrgj `mutrj. L êtlel me mqudcåfrdl jprmsm`tj dgujc `ÿemrl hm prltl`s m mcätrl`s. [m ue êtlel tdvmr ejds mcätrl`s qum prûtl`s, hdzmels qum mcm mstê D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
;
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
quj`tl ejds mcätrl`s jtrjvmssjrme ue kl`hutlr me ue smgu`hl.
armquï`kdj. Qmoj gurj =.
Klrrm`tm Kl`tå`uj Ä jqumcj qum `ël slarm vjrdjçël hm plcjrdhjhm jl cl`gl hl tmepl. Adgurj ;.
Adgurj = = - [m`tdhl hj kdrkucjçël hj klrrm`tm.
[JDFJ EJD[ Ä mrrjhl knjejr ls ls kl`hutlrms hm klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj hm plsdtdvl lu `mgjtdvl, plds dssl sû sm jpcdkj â klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj. L klrrmtl ä hdzmr kl`hutlr `mutrl m kl`hutlr ajsm. L `mutrl ä cdgjhl â tmrrj pmcj klepj`ndj alr`mkmhlrj hm m`mrgdj, plr dssl, mcm `ël kjusj knlqum.
Adgurj ; ; - [m`tdhl hj kdrkucjçël hj klrrm`tm.
Rdcnjs, fjtmrdjs m hå`jels alr`mkme klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj. Ls kdrkudtls mcmtrø`dkls sû trjfjcnje kle klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj. J hmsvj`tjgme hj klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj ä qum, sm nluvmr `mkmssdhjhm hm sm mcmvjr l vjclr, `ël ä plssåvmc usjr l trj`salrejhlr. Klrrm`tm Jctmr`jhj
J klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj ä alr`mkdhj plr gmrjhlrms m plssud vj`tjgm`s slfrm j klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj `j trj`sedssël hm m`mrgdj. Jssde, sm alr `mkmssêrdl mcmvjr smu vjclr fjstj usjr trj`salrejhlrms. Rlräe mxdstm ue d`kl`vm`dm`tm, plds, `j jcdem`tjçël hm kdrkudtls mcmtrø`dkls, j klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj `mkmssdtj smr trj`salrejhj me kl`tå`uj. J d`tm`sdhjhm hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj rmcjkdl`j-sm kle l vjclr hj rmsdstï`kdj hl kl`hutlr m kle j tm`sël jpcdkjhj. Mstj rmcjçël ä hjhj pmcj aûreucj?
Ä jqumcj qum vjrdj kle l pjssjr hl tmepl. tmepl. Adgurj 8.
M 5 V x D lu D 5 M / V lu V 5 M / D L`hm? M 5 Xm`sël, Xm`sël, kuoj u`dhjhm ä l Qlct (Q ) V 5 Vmsdstï`kdj, kuoj u`dhjhm ä l Lne(Τ) D 5 Klrrm`tm, kuoj u`dhjhm ä l Jepärm (J)
Adgurj 8 8 - [m`tdhl hj kdrkucjçël hj klrrm`tm.
@ltm qum l grêkl ä uej gurj qum vjrdj hm plcjrdhjhm kle l hmklrrmr hl tmepl. Rlhmels kl`kcudr qum ls hlds kl`hutlrms trlkje hm plcjrdhjhm kle l pjssjr hl tmepl. @l Frjsdc, j mcmtrdkdhjhm vjrdj 12 vmzms plr smgu`hl lu (12Nz), dstl ä, j kjhj smgu`hl ls pûcls trlkje ;2 vmzms. Mssj vjrdjçël ä knjejhj Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Dstl ä vêcdhl tj`tl pjrj klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj (pdcnjs m fjtmrdjs) klel pjrj klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj (tlejhj mcätrdkj). 8
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Mxmepcl? uej fjtmrdj hm 4 Q jcdem`tj ue kdrkudtl kle ue rmsdstlr hm :2Τ. L vjclr hj klrrm`tm smrdj?
Rltï`kdj Mcätrdkj Ä j kjpjkdhjhm hm rmhuzdr trjfjcnl. L trjfjcnl rmjcdzjhl pmcj m`mrgdj mcätrdkj ä hjhl pmcl J) m ä prlhutl hj tm`sël pmcj klrrm`tm (R 5 Q x J) m emhdhl me Wjtt Wjtt (W) (W ) kle l wjttåemtr wjttåemtrl. l. Hmstj ej`mdrj, uej cæepjhj hm :22 w prlhuz ejds trjfjcnl qum uej hm 12 W, lu smoj, j hm :22 W dcued`j ejds hl qum j hm 12 W. J pltï`kdj mcätrdkj ä deplrtj`tm, plds mstê rmcjkdl`jhj kle j quj`tdhjhm hm trjfjcnl qum prlhuz ue jpjrmcnl m kle l smu kl`suel hm m`mrgdj.
D 5 M/V 5 4/:2 5 2,4 J Rjrj kl`amrdr l rmsuctjhl, fjstj ajzmr l kêckucl d`vmrsl? M 5 V x d 5 :2 x 2,4 5 4Q
Grj`hmzjs Mcätrdkjs
Mcmtrdkdhjhm Mstêtdkj [meprm qum hlds klrpls sm jtrdtje mcms jkjfje prlhuzd`hl mcmtrdkdhjhm mstêtdkj. @l jtrdtl, ue klrpl kmhm mcätrl`s jl lutrl m, hmstj alrej, surgm uej hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc mcätrdkl (h.h.p) m`trm mcms. Mstj h.h.p plhm jtd`gdr vjclrms jctåssdels me au`çël hl grju hm jtrdtl. L mxmepcl ejds kcjrl hm mcmtrdkdhjhm mstêtdkj ä l rjdl. Mcm kl`stj hm uej hmskjrgj hm mcmtrdkdhjhm kl`tdhj `js `uvm`s pjrj l slcl, lu vdkm-vmrsj. Ejs `ël ä sû l rjdl qum jamtj ls mqudpjem`tls mcmtrlmcmtrø`dkls, sjcjs l`hm nê kjrpmtms mxdstm uej tm`hï`kdj `jturjc â prlhuçël hm h.h.p. mstêtdkj hmvdhl jl jtrdtl `jturjc hls sjpjtls kle pdsls hm kjrpmtm. L lrgj`dsel nuej`l plssud mcmtrdkdhjhm mstêtdkj hm pmqum`l vjclr, sm mstms vjclrms sm jctmrjrme l lrgj`dsel plhm mstjr hlm`tm. Ls ejds jvj`çjhls mxjems eähdkls sm fjsmdje `j h.h.p. pjrj jvjcdjr l fle au`kdl`jem`tl hl lrgj`dsel.
Qlctjgme Mcätrdkj Ls mcätrl`s, pjrj m`trjrme me elvdem`tl, prmkdsje hm uej alrçj pjrj sm hmsclkjrme. Mstj alrçj ä j vlctjgme lu tm`sël, emhdhj me Qlct (Q), m`quj`tl qum l d`struem`tl usjhl pjrj emhd-cj sm knjej vlctåemtrl. Klrrm`tm Mcätrdkj Ä hm`dhj klel sm`hl –l elvdem`tl lrdm`tjhl hls mcätrl`s―. Mcj ä emhdhj me Jepärm (J) kle l jepmråemtrl. Vmsdstï`kdj Mcätrdkj Ä j hdkuchjhm qum ls klrpls lamrmkme â pjssjgme hls mcätrl`s. Ä emhdhj me Lne(Τ), kle l lneåemtrl. Kl`alrem Kl`alrem j rmsdstï`kdj qum l klrpl lamrmkm, tmels fl`s kl`hutlrms, ejus kl`hutlrms m dslcj`tms. Ls klrpls fl`s kl`hutlrms hmdxje j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj pjssjr kle grj`hm ajkdcdhjhm. L emcnlr kl`hutlr ä l lurl, smgud`hl pmcj prjtj, l klfrm m l jcueå`dl. Ejus kl`hutlrms sël jqumcms qum lamrmkme uej kmrtj rmsdstï`kdj â pjssjgme hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj, klel l amrrl, l `åqumc m l tu`gstï`dl tu`gstï`dl.. [ujs jpcdkjçýms `j vdhj hdêrdj sël vjstjs, klel rmsdstï`kdj hm knuvmdrls m jqumkmhlrms, cæepjhjs, mtk. Ls klrpls dslcj`tms `ël hmdxje j klrrm`tm pjssjr. [ël mxmepcls j flrrjknj, j ejhmdrj, j plrkmcj`j, l vdhrl, mtk. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Kjepl Mcmtrlejg`ätdkl Xlhls kl`nmkme ls mamdtls hl ejg`mtdsel `j alrej jrtdkdjc m `j alrej `jturjc. Ls åeës `jturjds alrje lfsmrvjhls nê säkucls j`tms hm Krdstl, `j Gräkdj. Ls grmgls zmrje ls prdemdrls mstuhls slfrm åeë `jturjc m `ltjrje qum mcm tme hlds pûcls, quj`hl sël dgujds, sm s m rmpmcme m quj`hl hdamrm`tms, sm jtrjme. Ls prdemdrls åeës `jturjds alrje lfsmrvjhls lfsmr vjhls `j rmgdçël hj Ejg`äsdj, ls grmgls hmrje `lem hm ejg`mtdtj â –pmhrj― m ejg`mtdsel â prlprdm=
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
hjhm hl deë hm jtrjdr ejtmrdjds amrrlsls klel prmgls, mtk.
Am`øem`l hj @jturmzj? Hmskjrgjs Mcätrdkjs
Rrlhuçël hm Åeë kle j Mcmtrdkdhjhm Qlkï oê pmrkmfmu qum, j`tms hm lklrrmr uej tmepmstjhm, d`ÿemrls kcjrýms j`tmkmhme ue trlvël, m l tmepl –amknjhl― ajz hmspm`kjr uej grj`hm quj`tdhjhm hm êguj. Kcjrl, dssl ä ue am`øem`l `jturjc, `mkmssêrdl pjrj `lssj slfrmvdvï`kdj. ]e rjdl, rmcæepjgl, lu qujcqumr `lem plpucjr qum sm hï pjrj mssm am`øem`l am`øem`l,, ä uej ej`damstjçël vdlcm`tj hj `jturmzj. Me edcäsdels hm smgu`hls, ue rjdl plhm prlhuzdr jprlxdejhjem`tm :22 edcnýms hm vlcts, kle mcmvjhj klrrm`tm m tmepmrjturj. [m`hl hm grj`hm d`tm`sdhjh d`tm`sdhjhm, m, uej pmqum`j hmskjrgj mcätrdkj plhm prlvlkjr elrtm, amrdhjs prlau`hjs, jssde klel hmstrudr tuhl jl rmhlr hj suj d`kdhï`kdj. Gltåkucjs hm êguj, qum sël alrejhjs `js `uvm`s, mstël me kl`stj`tm jgdtjçël. L jtrdtl m`trm mcjs ajz kle qum qume mcmtrdkjem`tm kjrrmgjhjs, plsdtdvj lu `mgjtdvjem`tm. L rjdl `jhj ejds ä hl qum uej hmskjrgj hm mcätrl`s hm uej `uvme pjrj lutrj lu hm uej `uvme pjrj j tmrrj, gurj >.
Zuj`hl ue l ä jtrjvmssjhl plr uej klrrm`tm mcätrdkj jl smu rmhlr surgm ue kjepl ejg`ätdkl hm pmqum`j d`tm`sdhjhm. [m m`rlcjrels l l, l kjepl sm kl`km`trj me ue mspjçl em`lr ajzm`hl kle qum l kjepl ejg`ätdkl juem`tm. Ä deplrtj`tm ardsjr qum l åeë prlhuzdhl, jtrjväs hj mcmtrdkdhjhm, mcmtrdkdhjhm, plssud pûcls `lrtm m suc qum sël dgujds jl åej `jturjc. Qmoj gurj 1.
Adgurj 1 - Åeë prlhuzdhl jtrjväs hj mcmtrdkdhjhm.
@ltm qum l l hj flfd`j qum rmkmfmu l pûcl `mgjtdvl smrê l pûcl suc. Rrlhuçël hm Mcmtrdkdhjhm kle Åeë Zuj`hl tmels uej flfd`j m plr mcj sm ajz pjssjr ue kjepl ejg`ätdkl, me smus tmred`jds jpjrmkmrê uej tm`sël mcätrdkj. J tm`sël mcätrdkj sû jpjrmkm quj`hl j flfd`j m`trj lu sjd hl kjepl ejg`ätdkl. Clgl, ajzm`hl-sm l kjepl ejg`ätdkl vjrdjr me tlr`l hj flfd`j (lu j flfd`j me tlr`l hl kjepl), j tm`sël prlhuzdhj smrê jctmr`jhj. Qmoj j gurj 7.
Adgurj > - Hmskjrgjs mcätrdkjs.
L rjdl smeprm prlkurj ue kjed`nl hm em`lr rmsdstï`kdj m`trm j `uvme m j tmrrj d`kdhd`hl, `j ejdlrdj hjs vmzms, me pl`tls ejds mcmvjhls, klel êrvlrms, j`tm`js, mhdaåkdls, plstms, tlrrms hm trj`sedssël hm m`mrgdj mtk. @ël plhmels tjefäe msqumkmr hjs rmgdýms rmeltjs klel hmskjepjhls, såtdls, ajzm`hj mtk.
Adgurj 7 7 - Rrlhuçël hm mcmtrdkdhjhm kle åeë. Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
1
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Zuj`hl lklrrm mstm am`øem`l, l rjdl plhm jtd`gdr tj`tl hdrmtj klel d`hdrmtjem`tm ue hmtmred`jhl clkjc. @l `lssl kjsl, d`hmpm`hm`tm hj alrej, sm jtd`gdr uej cd`nj hm trj`sedssël, lu smoj, j rmhm mcätrdkj, mcm prlvlkj ue sÿfdtl juem`tl hj tm`sël (surtl mcätrdkl). Lklrrdhl ue surtl mcätrdkl, mcm drê sm prlpjgjr jtrjväs hj rmhm mcätrdkj jtä l pl`tl me qum m`kl`trjr ue kjed`nl hm em`lr rmsdstï`kdj jtä j tmrrj. [m mqudpjem`tls mstdvmrme d`stjcjhls `l smu kjed`nl, lfvdjem`tm smrël jtd`gdhls m, plr suj vmz, slarmrël hj`ls drrmpjrêvmds. Hmvmels sjcdm`tjr qum mstm am`øem`l, jtd`gd`hl j rmhm mcätrdkj, kjusj hj`ls drrmpjrêvmds j pmssljs m mqudpjem`tls m vlkï, plr suj vmz, hmvm sm ej`tmr jtm`tl quj`tl jls kudhjhls qum hmvmrê tmr hurj`tm uej tmepmstjhm lu kle j d`kdhï`kdj hm rjdls. Lu smoj? - Mvdtm pmrej`mkmr me cugjrms hmskjepjhls klel? fjrkls, prjdj, pdskd`j, mefjdxl hm êrvlrms, lu `l tlpl hm prähdls. - Ej`tm`nj-sm jajstj hl hm kl`hutlrms hm mcmtrdkdhjhm (pêrj-rjdls), mqudpjem`tls hleästdkls, prûxdel j j`tm`js, êguj mtk. - Hurj`tm uej tmepmstjhm mvdtm tlejr fj`nl lu ajcjr jl tmcmal`m.
Adgurj 4 4 - Rêrj-rjdls tdpl Arj`icd`.
Adgurj :2 :2 - Gjdlcj hm Ajrjhjy.
Kurdlsdhjhms slfrm Hmskjrgj Mcmtrlstêtdkj Zujcqumr pmsslj, emsel `ël mstj`hl jklstuejhj kle am`øem`ls aåsdkls, oj lfsmrvlu qum, jl cdgjr ue jpjrmcnl hm XQ lu jl sm jprlxdejr hj tmcj hl emsel, ls pmcls hl frjçl kje mrdçjhls9 tjefäe hmvm tmr `ltjhl qum, jl tdrjr uej fcusj hm cë qum utdcdzlu hurj`tm l hdj, jkl`tmkm l emsel am`øem`l. Fme, dstl `jhj ejds ä hl qum j hmskjrgj mcmtrlstêtdkj. mcmtrlstêtdkj. J hmskjrgj mcmtrlstêtdkj plhm tlr`jr-sm hmsjstrlsj me jefdm`tms kle jtelsamrj mxpclsdvj, klel êrmjs me qum sm utdcdzje ejtmrdjds m slcvm`tms d`stjeêvmds, lu emsel me clkjds l`hm sm prlhuzme klepl`m`tms uctrjssm`såvmds â kjrgj mcätrdkj. Js kjrgjs mcmtrlstêtdkjs plhme mstjr jrejzm`jhjs me eudtls cugjrms, plr mxmepcl, me rlupjs hm frjs sd`tätdkjs, eêqud`js me lpmrjçël, rmkdpdm`tmss pcêstdkls pjrj jrejzm`jgme, alcnjs rmkdpdm`tm hm pjpmc gujrhjhjs plr cl`gl pmrålhl me m`vmclpms pcêstdkls mtk.
Rêrj-rjdls Kle rmcjçël j mstm tûpdkl, sjcdm`tjels qum ä ue jssu`tl fjstj`tm hmcdkjhl, plds j suj d`stjcjçël rmqumr mstuhls m prlomtls, `ël sm`hl pjutj hl `lssl kursl. Jpm`js vjels kdtê-cl kle d`tudtl hm kl`nmkdem`tl. Ls pêrj-rjdls sël hdsplsdtdvls qum tïe plr ad`jcdhjhm j prltmçël kl`trj hmskjrgjs mcätrdkjs, hdrmkdl`j`hl tlhj suj m`mrgdj pjrj j tmrrj (slcl). Ä kl`tdtuåhl hm uej njstm emtêcdkj, hmvm`hl smr d`stjcjhl `l pl`tl ejds jctl hm ue prähdl9 m prltmgm uej êrmj kuol rjdl ä mqudvjcm`tm jl hlfrl hm suj hdstæ`kdj hl slcl. Rlhme smr hl tdpl Arj`icd`, adgurj 4, m 4, m gjdlcj hm :2. Meprmsjs mspmkdjcdzjhjs Ajrjhjy, adgurj :2. `mstm rjel hmvme rmjcdzjr js d`stjcjçýms. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
]ej hmskjrgj mcmtrlstêtdkjs ä j trj`samrï` trj`samrï`kdj kdj hm uej kjrgj m`trm klrpls j hdamrm`tms pltm`kdjds, m lklrrm plr kl`tjtl hdrmtl hdrmtl lu plr d`huçël. Mxpmrdem`tls hmtmred`jrje qum ls pltm`kdjds mstêtdkls jkueucjhls plr uej pmsslj plhme knmgjr j :2 iQ m, me kl`hdçýms mxtrmejs, plhme uctrjpjssjr ls ;2 iQ. Jkdej hm 6 iQ, plhm hj`dkjr smrdjem`tm klepl`m`tms smedkl`hutlrms, d`stjcjhls me kleputjhlrms, lu lutrls tdpls hm mqudpjem`tl mqudpjem`tls. s. Hmpm`hm`hl hl tdpl hm ejtmrdjc j smr utdcdzjhl, jcgu`s kudhjhls hmvme smr tlejhls j e hm `ël hj`dkê-cls. Ej`tjs kl`hutdvjs jtmrrjhjs, pucsmdrjs kl`hutdvjs, sjkls kl`hutdvls sël ejtmrdjds qum hmvme smr utdcdzjhls `l ej`usmdl m trj`splrtm. Vlupjs mspmkdjds tjefäe sël utdcdzjhjs `j ej`utm`çël hm kdrkudtls qum lpmrje me jctj tm`sël.
rm`tm mcätrdkj jtrjväs hl klrpl hm uej pmsslj lu hm ue j`dejc, sm`hl mstj klrrm`tm `lrejcem`tm knjejhj k njejhj hm –klrrm`tm –klrrm`tm hm knlqum― kn lqum―.. Rjrj uej flj kleprmm`sël hm klel jtuj l knlqum mcätrdkl m kl`smqum`tmem`tm hm`dr j ej`mdrj ejds jhmqujhj hm prltmçël kl`trj l emsel, hmvmels kl`sdhmrjr trïs mcmem`tls au`hjem`tjds? j pjrtm vdvj, j tmrrj lu ejssj m l mcmem`tl kl`hutlr mstrj`nl â d`stjcjçël. vdvj hm ue klepl`m`Knjejels hm pjrtm vdvj hm tm, lu hm uej d`stjcjçël, â pjrtm kl`hutlrj (l lu kjfl) qum mstê m`mrgdzjhj, jprmsm`tj`hl uej kmrtj hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc (tm`sël lu vlctjgme) me rmcjçël â tmrrj, lu smoj, l l qum jprmsm`tj tm`sël me rmcjçël j ue pl`tl hm rmamrï`kdj mcätrdkl. Rmrkmfj Rmrkm fj l jcu`l qum, me jcgu`s kjsls, l kl`hutlr –`mutrl― hm uej d`stjcjçël plhm mstjr cdgjhl jl sdstmej hm jtmrrjem`tl9 m`trmtj`tl, dstl `ël l tlr`j ue kl`hutlr hm jtmrrjem`tl lu prltmçël. J tmrrj lu ejssj ejssj hm ue mqudpjem`tl lu hm uej d`stjcjçël mcätrdkj ä j pjrtm kl`hutlrj qum –`ël ä vdvj― (`ël m`mrgdzjhj), lu smoj, `ël jprmsm`tj `m`nue vjclr hm tm`sël lu klrrm`tm, plhm`hl jssde smr tlkjhj smgurjem`tm. Rlräe, l tmrrj, me kl`hdçýms hm ajctj (tmrrj depmramdtl lu hmamdtls `j d`stjcjçël), plhm pjssjr j jprmsm`tjr ue kmrtl vjclr hm klrrm`tm qum plhm smr ajtjc, tlr`j`hl-sm ue kl`hutlr qum plhm smr knjejhl hm –vdvl―. Klel mxmepcls hm ejssj, plhmels kdtjr ls kl`hutls emtêcdkls, ls d`vûcukrls emtêcdkls hm mqudpjem`tls, js kjrkjçjs hls mcmtrlhleästdkls, mtk. Knjej-sm hm mcmem`tl kl`hutlr mstrj`nl hm uej d`stjcjçël mcätrdkj jl l lu mcmem`tl kl`hutlr qum, jpmsjr hm `ël ajzmr pjrtm hj emsej, plhm prlvlkjr l surgdem`tl hm ue pltm`kdjc, gmrjcem`tm gmrjcem`tm dgujc jl hj tmrrj, lu smoj, nê uej tm`sël hm zmrl vlct m`trm mstm mcmem`tl m l tmrrj. Klel mxmepcl plhmels kdtjr ls mcmem`tls emtêcdkls meprmgjhls `js kl`struçýms hm prähdls, hjs kj`jcdzjçýms emtêcdkjs hm êguj, gês, jqumkdem`tl, jr kl`hdkdl`jhl, mtk., m hls mqudpjem`tls `ël mcätrdkls j mcjs cdgjhls, fme klel hls slcls m pjrmhms `ël dslcj`tms, mtk. [ël hlds ls tdpls hm kl`tjtls qum, me uej d`stjcjçël mcätrdkj, plhme lrdgd`jr ls knlqums? kl`tjtl hdrmtl m hdrmtl m kl`tjtl d`hdrmtl.
Knlqum Mcätrdkl J pmsslj qum prmtm`hm sm tlr`jr ue rmpjrjhlr hm kmcucjrms, lu qujcqumr rjel cdgjhl j mcmtrdkdhjhm,, mstjrê mxplstl kl`stj`tmem`tm mcmtrdkdhjhm kl`stj`tmem`tm jl rdskl hm slarmr ue knlqum mcätrdkl. Ajz-sm, m`tël, d`hdspm`sêvmc qum alr`mçjels jls `lssls jcu`ls d`alrejçýms slfrm ls pmrdgls hl knlqum mcätrdkl, klel mvdtê-cls m qujds jtdtuhms tlejr me kjsl hm jkdhm`tms m`vlcvm`hl j mcmtrdkdhjhm. L knlqum mcätrdkl ä uej sm`sjçël trmpdhj`tm, hmskl`trlcjhj, rmsuctj`tm hl kl`tjtl hdrmtl hm ue klrpl kle ue kdrkudtl mcmtrdkjhl lu hls mamdtls hm ue rmcæepjgl (hmskjrgj mcätrdkj) slfrm mstm. J våtdej `lrejcem`tm sm sm`tm klel sm tdvmssm rmkmfdhl ue sÿfdtl sustl. [m j tm`sël m j klrrm`tm rmsuctj`tm alrme mcmvjhjs l fjstj`tm, j våtdej plhmrê kjr d`kl`skdm`t d`kl`skdm`tm. m. @l pl`tl hj pmcm me qum lklrrmu l kl`tjtl mcätrdkl, alrtms qumdejhurjs plhmrël smr prlhuzdhjs. Jcäe hdssl, plhmrël lklrrmr mspjsels euskucjrms, ajzm`hl kle qum j våtdej, d`vlcu`tjrdjem`tm, qum jgjrrjhj jl jpjrmcnl lu l qum kjuslu l knlqum, depmhd`hl suj cdfmrtjçël. Lfsmrvj`hl-sm, hm ue pl`tl hm vdstj ejds kdm`tåkl, l am`øem`l hl knlqum mcätrdkl kl`sdstm `l mamdtl pjtlsdlcûgdkl (rmamrm`tm â pjtlclgdj m â sdlclgdj) rmsuctj`tm hj pjssjgme hm uej klrKursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Ls knjejhls kl`tjtls hdrmtls sël ls kl`tjtls hm pmssljs lu j`dejds kle kl`hutlrms lu pjrtms vdvjs qum jprmsm`tje tm`sël sm klepjrjhls jl l tmrrj. Ls kl`tjtls d`hdrmtls sël kl`tjtls hm pmssljs lu j`dejds kle tmrrj lu ejssjs qum pjssjrje j jprmsm`tjr jcgue vjclr hm tm`sël, hmvdhl j jcgue ajcnj hm dslcjem`tl dslcjem`tl..
Ejssj J kjrkjçj hm qujcqumr mqudpjem`tl mcätrdkl lu mcmtrlhleästdkl klel, plr mxmepcl, gmcjhmdrj, algël, alr`l hm edkrll`hjs, knuvmdrl mtk, ä l`hm j m`mrgdj kj kjrrmgjhj, `l kjsl hm augj hm klrrm`tm lu kurtl-kdrkudtl m, plr dssl, hmvm mstjr cdgjhj â tmrrj.
[JDFJ EJD[
@mutrl
Ls knlqums jtä 8=Q `ël sël pmrkmfdhls, jkdej hm 8=Q l lrgj`dsel pmrkmfm, jkdej hm 12Q, :=2eJ ä prmouhdkdjc.
Ä l kl`hutlr qum vme hj Kl`kmssdl`êrdj hm m`mrgdj pjrj l rmtlr`l hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj hl kl`hutlr ajsm. J klrrm`tm mcätrdkj alr`mkdhj pmcjs Kl`kmssdl`êrdjs knmgj jtrjväs hm hlds kl`hutlrms? ue kle pltm`kdjc hm :67 vlcts (l ajsm) m lutrl kle pltm`kdjc pl tm`kdjc zmrl –2― (l `mutrl), `mutrl) , l qum hê uej hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc hm :67 vlcts, gurj :6.
Jtmrrjem`tl Jtmrrj em`tl Deplrtj`tm `j Lkd`j L tmrel jtmrrjem`tl qumr hdzmr –cdgjçël â tmrrj―, lu smoj, kl`mktjr ue kl`hutlr, l, j uej njstm emtêcdkj qum sm m`kl`trj d`smrdhj `l slcl. Zuj`hl hdzmels qum ue mqudpjem`tl mstê jtmrrjhl,, sdg`dkj qum l emsel mstê prlplsdtjcjtmrrjhl em`tm cdgjhl hm jcguej alrej â tmrrj. Ls sdstmejs mcätrdkls `ël prmkdsje `mkmssjrdjem`tm smr jtmrrjhls pjrj au`kdl`jrme, ejs, pjrj mamdtl hm smgurj`çj hjs pmssljs m hls mqudpjem`tls, ä deplrtj`tm qum mstmoje fme jtmrrjhls. Rjrj qum vlkï kleprmm`hj klel au`kdl`j l jtmrrjem`tl, vjels ajzmr uej j`jclgdj kle l sdstmej hm d`stjcjçël ndhrêucdkj. @js kjdxjs hm êguj hjs rmsdhï`kdjs, l –cjhrël―, qum ä ue kj`l plsdkdl`jhl jkdej hl `åvmc hj êguj, tme klel au`çël mskljr j êguj mxkmhm` mxkmhm`-tm `l kjsl hm qumfrj hj fldj. Hj emsej alrej, `j d`stjcjçël mcätrdkj mxdstm ue clkjc pjrj –mskljr― j hmskjrgj mcätrdkj lu klrrm`tm hm augj. M ä mxjtjem`tm mstm clkjc qum ä knjejhl hm –jtmrrjem`tl― lu cdgjçël ê tmrrj, gurj ::.
Adgurj :6 :6 - Hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc :67 vlcts.
Zuj`hl j Kl`kmssdl`êrdj alr`mkm trïs kl`hutlrms, dstl sdg`dkj qum hlds ls sël ajsms hm :67 vlcts m ue `mutrl hm –2― vlct. Rlrtj`tl, tmels :67 + :67 + 2 5 662 vlcts, gurj :;.
Adgurj :; :; - Hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc 662 vlcts.
Adl Xmrrj Ä ue kl`hutlr hm klfrm jklpcjhl me uej njstm emtêcdkj m qum ou`tls pmredtme qum js klrrm`tms mcätrdkjs mxkmhm`tms mskjpme pjrj j
Adgurj :: :: - Jtmrrjem`tl Jtmrrjem`tl.. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
tmrrj. L kl`ou`tl hm kl`hutlr m njstm, quj`hl jtmrrjhls, plssume ue pltm`kdjc hm 2 Q (zmrl vlcts), gurj :8.
smrdr l mcmtrlhl (njstm) `j tmrrj m prltmgï-cl hjs d`tmepärdms jtrjväs hm uej kjdxj (kjdxj hm d`spmçël) gurj :1.
Adgurj :8 :8 - Njstm.
Adgurj :1 :1 - Mcmtrlhl (njstm) m kl`mktlr.
Me sm trjtj`hl hm pltm`kdjc, tj`tl l l `mutrl klel l l tmrrj plssume l emsel, lu smoj, 2 vlcts. Klel jssde< Fme ..... L l tmrrj ä ue l ejds kurtl, m vjd hl qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël jtä ue hmtmred`jhl clkjc hl tmrrm`l hj rmsdhï`kdj, uej hdstæ`kdj kurtj. Rlr suj vmz, l l `mutrl, qum ä alr`mkdhl pmcj kl`kmssdl`êrdj, pmrklrrm plr vmzms vêrdls emtrls pjrj knmgjr â rmsdhï`kdj, gurj :=.
J njstm, jpûs j kl`mxël hl l jtrjväs hl kl`mktlr, hmvmrê rmkmfmr uej kjejhj hm ejssj hm kjcjamtjr `j suj pjrtm mxtmr`j, prlcl`gj`hl suj vdhj ÿtdc, gurj :7.
Adgurj :7 :7 - Rrltmçël hl kl`ou`tl.
Ä mrrjhl pm`sjr qum fjstj jpm`js cdgjr l l tmrrj hm qujcqumr mqudpjem`tl jl pjrjausl hm uej tlejhj, plr mxmepcl, lu `j tmrrj hm ue vjsl, m mstê amdtl l jtmrrjem`tl. Mstm prlkmhdem`tl `ël jtmrrj l mqudpjem`tl. L sdstmej hm jtmrrjem`tl jtmrrjem`t l sû au`kdl`j jhmqujhjem`tm sm ls dtm`s jkdej em`kdl`jhls, m qum smrël hmskrdtls j smgudr, alrme d`stjcjhls hm alrej klrrmtj, gurj :>.
Adgurj := := - Klepjrjçël m`trm `mutrl m tmrrj.
Klel vdstl j`tmrdlrem`tm, l sdstmej hm jtmrrjem`tl ä kleplstl pmcl mcmtrlhl (njstm), kl`mxýms m pmcl kl`hutlr hm klfrm9 klel `j d`stjcjçël hl pjhrël hm m`trjhj. Hmvmels d`Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Adgurj :> :> - @ël jtmrrjem`tl. :2
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Me prähdls rmsdhm`kdjds, klemrkdjds lu emsel d`hustrdjds, l sdstmej hm jtmrrjem`t jtmrrjem`tl l ä amdtl jtrjväs hj mstruturj emtêcdkj hm vdgjs m klcu`js. Me gmrjc, l jtmrrjem`tl ä amdtl plr mcmtrlhls ajfrdkjhls me alrejs hm njstms, pmrs, fjrrjs, kjfls `us mtk., kl`amkkdl`jhls me klfrm, jçl gjcvj`dzjhl lu jçl rmvmstdhl hm klfrm. @j d`stjcjçël hm ue sdstmej hm jtmrrjem`tl, `lrejcem`tm, l l qum sjd hj njstm tmrrj ä hdrmkdl`jhl pjrj l qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël hj rmsdhï`kdj. @l qujhrl, mcm smrê kl`mktjhl j ue fjrrjem`tl mxkcusdvl pjrj –l tmrrj―, m j pjrtdr hmstm pl`tl, pl`tl, ä cmvjhl pjrj ls clkjds l`hm sm ajz `mkmssêrdl, gurj :4.
[m emhdhjs hm smgurj`çj alrme jhltjhjs hurj`tm uej d`stjcjçël mcätrdkj, `ël lklrrmrê `m`nue prlfcmej quj`tl jl ej`usmdl hm jpjrmcnls m mqudpjem`tls. Rjrtd`hl hmssj prmedssj, vlkï hmvm hjr lrdm`tjçýms quj`tl jls tdpls m elhmcls hm prlhutls `mkmssêrdls pjrj tjc. M`trm ls prlhutls hm smgurj`çj, tmels l hdsplsdtdvl hm`led`jhl HV, lu smoj, hdsplsdtdvl Hdamrm`kdjc Vmsdhujc. Rmcjs `lrejs hm d`stjcjçýms mcätrdkjs, smu usl tlr`lu-sm lfrdgjtûrdl me êrmjs suomdtjs â uedhjhm tjds klel klzd`njs, fj`nmdrls, pdskd`js mtk. Mcm ä d`hdkjhl pjrj prltmçël kl`trj knlqums mcätrdkls plr kl`tjtl hdrmtl 62 elstrj ue mxmepcl hm lu d`hdrmtl. J gurj J gurj 62 elstrj hdsplsdtdvls HV.
Adgurj 62 62 - Hdsplsdtdvl HV.
Lpmrj`hl klel Hdsou`tlr HV lu HHV (hds ou`tlr kle prltmçël hdamrm`k hdamrm`kdjc), djc), mstm klepl`m`tm d`klrplrj tj`tl l hdsou`tlr klel l d`tmrruptlr HV `l smu d`tmrdlr. Klel d`tmrruptlr HV lu DHV, mstm klepl`m`t klepl`m`tmm hmvmrê smr kl`mktjhl jl qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël, jpûs l hdsou`tlr. L hdsou`tlr Hdamrm`kdjc Vmsdhujc ä ue hdsplsdtdvl kleplstl hm ue hdsou`tlr tmrelejg`ätdkl, m kle mcm vme d`klrplrjhl l hdamrm`kdjc rmsdhujc. Mstm kl`ou`tl vdsj j prltmgmr ls kl`hutlrms hls kdrkudtls kl`trj slfrmkjrgj m kurtls-kdrkudtls, jssde klel mvdtjr qum vlkï qum suomdtl âs klrrm`tms hm augj, lu smoj, knlqum mcätrdkl. Hj emsej alrej qum ue vjzjem`tl hm êguj plhm trjzmr vêrdls prlfcmejs me `lssj rmsdhï`kdj, ue vjzjem`tl hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj tjefäe plhm `ël sû kleprlemtmr j smgurj`çj `js d`tjcjçýms, klel pør me rdskl j d`tmgrdhjhm hl lpmrjhlr. Zuj`hl uej klrrm`tm mcätrdkj ä hdrmkdl`jhj
Adgurj :4 - Fjrrjem`tl pjrj – l tmrrj―.
L l tmrrj `lrejcem`tm usjhl ä ue kjfl hm klfrm kle dslcjçël hm klr vmrhm/jejrmcj (frjsdcmdrd`nl) lu vmrhm. J smkçël trj`svmrsjc hl emsel ä hm`dhj me au`çël hls ls hj ajsm. Rlhmels Rlhme ls d`smrdr ue l tmrrj jtä l qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël kle smkçël dgujc jl l ajsm m, j pjrtdr hl fjrrjem`tl, ue l klrrmspl`hm`tm jl hj ajsm. Lfsmrvm qujc j smkçël hl kl`hutlr ajsm, sm 1ee¶, :2ee¶, :1ee¶ lu lutrl qujcqumr pjrj qum sm plssj hdem`sdl`jr l l tmrrj. Hdsplsdtdvls HV L mamdtl qum j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj prlhuz `l klrpl nuej`l plhm jkjrrmtjr särdjs kl`smquï`kdjs, plr dssl hmvmels utdcdzjr hmtmred`jhls hdsplsdtdvls m klepl`m`tms deplrtj`tms pjrj j smgurj`çj kl`trj pmrdgls hj mcmtrdkdhjhm. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
::
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
pjrj uej hmtmred`jhj kjrgj, mcj sjd hl qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël, pmrklrrm tlhl l kdrkudtl jtrjväs hls kl`hutlrms, m rmtlr`j pmcl `mutrl (lu ajsm sm alr 662 vlcts) jl qujhrl, jpûs pjssjr pmcj kjrgj. Rjrj jvjcdjr sm j klrrm`tm qum sjdu m rmtlr`lu jl qujhrl hm hdstrdfudçël ä j emsej, utdcdzjels l hdsplsdtdvl HV, qum mamtuj uej klepjrjçël m`trm l qum –sjdu― m –rmtlr`lu―. L hdsplsdtdvl HV ä d`stjcjhl me tlhls ls kl`hutlrms vdvls hl kdrkudtl, ajsms m `mutrl.
grêkls, fme klel tlhjs js cdgjçýms hl kdrkudtl. gurj 6;. 8) Msqumej lu Qdstj hm Clkjcdzjçël - Hmsm`nl lu altlgrjj qum elstrj j hdsplsdçël m clkjcdzjçël hjs pmçjs m klepl`m`tms m sujs rmspmktdvjs dhm`tdkjçým dhm`tdkjçýms. s. gurj 68. =) Hmsm`nl hm jçël - Msqumej qum elstrj j cdgjçël m`trm pmçjs m klepl`m`tms hmvdhjem`tm dhm`tdkjhls m, sm plssåvmc, ej`tm`hl sujs prlplrçýms m plsdçýms. M`qujhrje-sm `mstj kjtmglrdj ls kdrkudtls knjpmjhls m kdrkudtls deprmssls. gurj 6=.
LF[? L –l tmrrj― `ël hmvm pjssjr plr mstm hdsplsdtdvl.
Hmsm`nl hm Mcmtrø`dkj
1) Msqumej hm D`tmrcdgjçýms - Ä l hmsm`nl qum elstrj js cdgjçýms hls tmred`jds mxtmr`ls hmvdhjem`tm dhm`tdkjhls plr hdvmrsjs u`dhjhms qum klepýme ue mqudpjem`tl, Adgurj 61. @mstm hmsm`nl msqumeêtdkl hm d`tmrcdgjçýms hmvme kjr fme dhm`tdkjhls ls tmred`jds hm sjåhj hm kjhj pl`tl, j sjfmr?
Rjrj qum smoj plssåvmc cmr m d`tmrprmtjr hmsm`nls msqumeêtdkls, l prlssdl`jc hmvm kl`nmkmr ls såeflcls hm klepl`m`tms m l elhl klel mcms sël hdsplstls (d`tmrcdgjhls) `ls msqumejs. Mstj sdeflclgdj ä pjhrl`dzjhj pmcj Jsslkdjçël Frjsdcmdrj hm @lrejs Xäk`dkjs (JF@X), qum mstjfmcmkm js `lrejs m klel hmvme smr mcjflrjhls ls hmsm`nls msqumeêtdkls pjrj j êrmj hm mcmtrø`dkj. [mgu`hl js `lrejs @FV, ls hmsm`nls hm mcmtrø`dkj sël kcjssdkjhls me smds kjtmglrdjs.
j) Hl tmred`jc hm sjåhj hj u`dhjhm j qum sm j) Hl hmstd`j9 f) Hj pmçj hm l`hm vme j d`tmrcdgjçël jl f) pl`tl hm knmgjhj. Rjrj clkjcdzjr m dhm`tdkjr pmçjs m klepl`m`tms `ls msqumejs hm fclkls, sdepcdkjhl m klepcmtl utdcdzje-sm hlds sdstmejs?
:) Msqumej me fclkls - Hmsm`nl - Hmsm`nl rmprmsm`tjhl plr gurjs gmleätrdkjs rmgucjrms (fclkls) d`tmrcdgjhls m`trm sd plr cd`njs sdepcms qum rmprmsm`tje ls kl`ou`tls hm kdrkudtls kle au`çýms hm`dhjs m j cdgjçël m`trm mcms. Js smtjs d`hdkje l sm`tdhl hl –sd`jc― m/lu j –lrhme―― hls kdrkudtls. –lrhme kdrku dtls. Qmoj gurj 6:.
: - hm - hm cd`njs nlrdzl`tjds- js cdgjçýms sël trjçjhjs plr cd`njs pjrjcmcjs `j pjrtm supmrdlr m d`amrdlr hl hmsm`nl msqumeêtdkl, m `mcjs sël jssd`jcjhjs js jfrmvdjturjs hmvdhjem`tm `uemrjhjs hjs pmçjs m klepl`m`t klepl`m`tms ms hl kdrkudtl. J clkjcdzjçël hmvm smr amdtj `j pmrpm`hdkucjr hmstms pl`tls jssd`jcjhls, kl`alrem gurj 67.
6) Msqumejs sdepcdkjhl - - Hmsm`nl msqumeêtdkl rmprmsm`tjhl rmprmsm`tjhl plr såeflcls prûprdls hls prd`kdpjds mcmem`tls hl kdrkudtl. Msqumej utdcdzjhl pjrj d`hdkjr js cdgjçýms qum pmredtme j kleprmm`sël hl au`kdl`jem`tl hl kdrkudtl. Adgurj 66.
6 - sdstmej - sdstmej hm kllrhm`jhjs @l sdstmej hm kllrhm`jhjs js pmçjs m klepl`m`tms sël rmcjkdl`jhls me uej klcu`j jhdkdl`jc â cdstj hm ejtmrdjds, qum jklepj`nj l hmsm`nl, m `j êrmj cdedtjhj pmcjs kllrhm`jhjs. Vmklem`hj-sm usjr `ÿemrls `js jfskdssjs m cmtrjs `js kllrhm`jhjs kllrhm`jhjs.. gurj 6>.
;) Msqumej Klepcmtl - Ä - Ä l hmsm`nl msqumeêtdkl qum rmÿ`m tlhls ls klepl`m`t klepl`m`tms ms hl kdrkudtl, rmprmsm`tjhls rmprmsm`tjhls pmcls rmspmktdvls såeflcls Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Adgurj 6: - Mxmepcl hm ue msqumej me fclkls.
Adgurj 66 - Msqumej sdepcdkjhl.
Adgurj 6; - Msqumej klepcmtl. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Adgurj 68 - Msqumej hm clkjcdzjçël hls klepl`m`tms me uej pcjkj hm kdrkudtl deprmssl.
Adgurj 6= - Mxmepcl hm msqumej hm jçël. El`tjgme me pl`tl hm tmred`jds.
Adgurj 61 - Msqumej hm d`tmrcdgjçýms. Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Adgurj 67 - Msqumej hm d`tmrcdgjçýms.
Adgurj 6> - Dhm`tdkjçël plr kllrhm`jhjs. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Xjfmcj kl`tm`hl j sdeflclgdj sdeflclgd j pjrj js prd`kdpjds rmprmsm`tjçýms sdefûcdkjs me mcmtrø`dkj.
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
tl mcmvjhl (fjrrjgme), ue kl`hutlr hm êguj qum juem`tj jd`hj ejds j hdamrm`çj hm `åvmc m`trm j êguj rmprmsjhj m l pl`tl hm utdcdzjçël9 ue hdsplsdtdvl qum trj`salrej l elvdem`t elvdem`tl l hj êguj me elvdem`tl hm rltjçël, knjejhl hm turfd`j, m, `jcem`tm, l gmrjhlr prlprdjem`tm hdtl, jklpcjhl jl mdxl hj turfd`j. Ä aêkdc hm kleprmm`hmr qum j quj`tdhjhm hm m`mrgdj gmrjhj, lu smoj, j pltï`kdj mcätrdkj, hmpm`hm hj hdamrm`çj hm `åvmc m hl hdæemtrl hl kl`hutlr. Rjrj jprlvmdtjr j hdamrm`çj hm `åvmc hls grj`hms rdls, klstuej-sm d`stjcjr-sm ls gmrjhlrms `js kjknlmdrjs m, pjrj plhmr utdcdzjr kl`hutlr hm grj`hm hdæemtrl, msklcnm-sm rdl kjuhjclsl. Jcäe hdssl, ajz-sm l rmprmsjem`tl pjrj rmgucjrdzjr j vjzël, dstl ä, pjrj qum l vlcuem hm êguj `l kl`hutlr smoj kl`stj`tm kl`stj`tm,, tj`tl `j smkj klel `j äplkj hjs knmdjs.
Gmrjhlrms hm Mcmtrdkdhjhm J mcmtrdkdhjhm ä uej hjs ejds ÿtmds alrejs hm m`mrgdj qum sm kl`nmkm, hmvdhl â ajkdcdhjhm kle qum plhm smr usjhj. usjhj. J`tms, plräe, plräe, mcj (mcmtrdkdhjhm) hmvm smr prlhuzdhj. Ls hdsplsdtdvls qum prlhuzme mcmtrdkdhjhm sël knjejhls hm gmrjhlrms. Ls gmrjhlrms `ël prlhuzme mcmtrdkdhjhm hl `jhj, ejs trj`salreje lutrl tdpl hm m`mrgdj me mcätrdkj. Me rjzël hdssl, ä kleue kcjssdkjrme-sm ls gmrjhlrms hm jklrhl kle l tdpl hm m`mrgdj qum ä trj`salrejhj me mcätrdkj. Jssde, ls gmrjhlrms sël kcjssdkjhls me ? Gmrjhlr Ndhrêucdkl
Gmrjhlrms Xäredkls
Mstm tdpl hm gmrjhlr ä l ejds deplrtj`tm, plrqum js grj`hms usd`js hm mcmtrdkdhjhm jtujcem`tm, pmcl em`ls js ejdlrms m ejds mkl`øedkjs, trj`salreje j m`lrem m`mrgdj qum sm kl`smkl`smgum kle l rmprmsjem`tl hj êguj, me mcmtrdkdhjhm. @j rmjcdhjhm, l gmrjhlr `ël ä ndhrêucdkl m, sde, mcmtrlejg`ätdkl, mcmtrlejg`ätdkl, ejs j m`mrgdj ndhrêucdkj ä utdcdzjhj pjrj jkdl`jr l gmrjhlr.
@mstm grupl, mstël ls hdsplsdtdvls qum trj`salreje l kjclr (m`mrgdj täredkj) me mcmtrdkdhjhm. Ls gmrjhlrms täredkls tjefäe sël eudtl deplrtj`tms plrqum, me eudtls pjåsms, l`hm `ël mxdstme rdls jprlvmdtêvmds, usj-sm l kjclr klel al`tm hm m`mrgdj. @j rmjcdhjhm, l gmrjhlr prlprdjem`tmm hdtl ä smemcnj`tm jl utdcdzjhl `j prlprdjem`t usd`j ndhrlmcätrdkj qum kdtjels `l dtme :, ejs jqud l kjclr prlhuzdhl pmcj klefustël hm cm`nj, kjrvël ed`mrjc lu pmtrûcml gmrj vjplr, qum elvdem`tj j turfd`j, m mstj, plr suj vmz, l gmrjhlr. Lutrj jpcdkjçël hl gmrjhlr täredkl mstê me ue d`struem`tl knjejhl pdrøemtrl, qum ä usjhl pjrj emhdr js grj`hms tmepmrjturjs hls alr`ls d`hustrdjds. Xrjtj-sm Xrjtj-sm hm ue pjr hm kl`hutlrms, hm emtjds hdamrm`tms (pjr tmrelmcätrdkl), u`dhls. Zuj`hl sm jqumkm j u`dël jpjrmkm `js mxtrmedhjhms cdvrms hls kl`hutlrms uej alrçj mcmtrleltrdz, qum ä prlplrkdl`jc â tmepmrjturj. Jssde, cm`hl j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz, kj-sm sjfm`hl qujc ä j tmepmrjturj. Gmrjhlr Altlmcätrdkl ( Lu Altmcätrdkl )
Adgurj 64 - Msqumej sdepcdkjhl hm uej usd`j hm alrçj.
Xjc tdpl hm gmrjhlr trj`salrej j m`mrgdj cued`lsj me mcätrdkj. Mssj kcjssm hm gmrjhlr ä fjstj`tm meprmgjhj me mcmtrø`dkj, prd`kdpjcem`tm `ls sjtäcdtms jrtdkdjds, l`hm j `mkmssdhjhm hm
64, elstrjels ue msqumej fjs@j gurj 64, elstrjels tj`tm sdepcdkjhl hm uej usd`j hm alrçj. Klel sm lfsmrvj, mxdstm ue rmprmsjem` rmprmsjem`tl tl me ue pl`Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
m`mrgdj kl`stj`tm ä ue prlfcmej särdl. ]sjeslcjrms, qum utdcdzje -sm js knjejhjs fjtmrdjs slcjrms, qum j m`mrgdj cued`lsj hl [lc pjrj prlhuzdr mcmtrdkdhjhm. Xjefäe l hdsplsdtdvl kl`nmkdhl klel käcucj altlmcätrdkj, qum ä utdcdzjhj `j rmprlhuçël hls cems kd`mejtlgrêkls, me jcjrems mcmtrø`dkls mtk., ä ue gmrjhlr altlmcätrdkl, plds mcj cdfmrtj mcmtrdkdhjhm j pjrtdr hj d`kdhï`kdj hj cuz. @j gurj ;2, elstrjels ;2, elstrjels l jspmktl hm ue pjd`mc altlvlctjdkl.
Gmrjhlrms @ukcmjrms Jtujcem`tm, mstê fjstj`tm hdau`hdhl l usl hl gmrjhlr `ukcmjr, qum ä jqumcm qum jprlvmdtj j m`mrgdj jtøedkj pjrj elvdem`tjr l gmrjhlr mcätrdkl. Klel jkl`tmkm kle j m`mrgdj ndhrêucdkj m täredkj, j jtøedkj tme plr au`çël jpm`js elvdem`tjr j turfd`j hl gmrjhlr. Gmrjhlrms Zuåedkls Ls gmrjhlrms quåedkls sël hdsplsdtdvls `ls qujds lklrrme kmrtjs rmjçýms qum cdfmrje m`mrgdj, qum ä trj`salrejhj me mcmtrdkdhjhm. @l grupl hls gmrjhlrms quåedkls, m`kl`trjels js kl`nmkdhjs pdcnjs smkjs m ls jkueucjhlrms ( qum `ël sël prlprdjem`tm gmrjhlrms gmrjhlrms ) qum tïe grj`hm jpcdkjçël me mcmtrø`dkj. Rlr smr hm usl fjstj`tm gm`mrjcdzjhl `j mcmtrø`dkj jtujc, prd`kdpjcem`tm hmvdhl jl jhvm`tl hls trj`sdstlrms, qum pmredtdrje j kl`struçël hm jpjrmcnls mcmtrø`dkls hm fjdxl kl`suel hm m`mrgdj9 ls gmrjhlrms quåedkls, tjds klel js pdcnjs m ls jkueucjhlrms, vël emrmkmr ue mstuhl ue plukl ejds hmsm`vlcvdhl `mstj cdçël m `j prêtdkj. J `lssj d`tm`çël, kle dstl, ä qum l jcu`l tm`nj uej `lçël fjstj`tm kcjrj hm klel sm prlkmssj j prlhuçël hm mcmtrdkdhjhm mcmtrdkdhjhm..
Adgurj ;2 - Rjd`mc Altlvlcjdkl kle js smus Käcucjs altlvlctjdkjs
Gmrjhlr Rdmzlmcätrdkl Rdmzlmcätrdkl (Lu (Lu Rdmzmcätrdkl) Mxdstme sufstæ`kdjs klel l krdstjc hm rlknj, plr mxmepcl, qum tïe j prlprdmhjhm hm gmrjr mcmtrdkdhjhm, quj`hl sufemtdhjs j prmssël. Klel –pdmzl― sdg`dkj prmssël, mssms hdsplsdtdvls sël knjejhls hm gmrjhlrms pdmzlmcätrdkls. J mcmtrdkdhjhm gmrjhj me tjds hdsplsdtdvls ä fjstj`tm pmqum`j m, plr dssl, mcms sël utdcdzjhls slem`tm me jpcdkjçýms mspmkdjds, hm plukj pltï`kdj. Mxmepcls hm jpcdkjçël hm gmrjhlrms pdmzlmcätrdkls sël ls edkrlal`ms m al`lkjptlrms (kjfmçjs rmprlhutlrjs hm hdskls) hm krdstjc. @j gurj ;:, ;:, elstrjels ue al`lkjptlr hm krdstjc.
Rdcnjs @j suj alrej ejds mcmem`tjr, j pdcnj kl`stdtud-sm hm uej fjrrj hm zd`kl zd`kl m lutrj hm klfrm, klfrm, knjejhjs mcätrlhls, emrgucnjhjs me uej slcuçël êkdhj, knjejhj mcmtrûcdtl. Me kl`smquï`kdj hjs rmjçýms quåedkjs qum sm prlkmssje m`trm ls mcmtrlhls m l mcmtrûcdtl, j fjrrj hm zd`kl kj kle mxkmssl hm kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. Me vdrtuhm hdssl, quj`hl sm cdgj ue kdrkudtl mxtmr`l jls tmred`jds hjs fjrrjs, klel uej cæepjhj, plr mxmepcl,, l mxkmssl hm kjrgjs hm zd`kl sm hmsclmxmepcl kj pjrj l klfrm qum tme ajctj, mstjfmcmkm`hl-sm, klel sjfmels, j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj (elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs), jtä qum njoj l mqudcåfrdl hm kjrgjs `js hujs fjrrjs, sdtujçël me qum sm hdz qum j pdcnj mstê hmskjrrmgjhj. ;6, elstrjels j pdcnj sdepcms, qum @j gurj ;6, jkjfjels hm hmskrmvmr.
Adgurj ;: - Qdstj mxpclhdhj hl al`lkjptlr hm krdstjc. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
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Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
J kjpjkdhjhm ä jvjcdjhj me jepîrms-nlrj. Jssde, sm uej pdcnj plhm alr`mkmr klrrm`tm hm jepîrm hurj`tm uej nlrj, mcj tmrê kjpjkdhjhm hm ue jepîrm-nlrj. [m lutrj pdcnj hm hdem`sýms ejdlrms puhmr alr`mkmr 2,= J (emdl jepîrm), hurj`tm 61 nlrjs, mcj tmrê kjpjkdhjhm hm :; jepîrms-nlrj. Zuj`tl ejdlr alr js hdem`sýms hls mcätrlhls, ejdlr smrê suj kjpjkdhjhm. Jssde, uej pdcnj pmqum`j, kl`nmkdhj klel tdpl cjpdsmdrj, hmssjs usjhjs me rêhdls plrtêtmds, m lutrj grj`hm tïe emsej alrçj mcmtrleltrdz, ejs mstj ÿctdej tme kjpjkdhjhm jcguejs vmzms supmrdlr j hj prdemdrj. Ad`jcem`tm hmvmels jkrmskm`tjr qum j hurjçël hm uej pdcnj vjrdj hm jklrhl kle l elhl klel mcj ä utdcdzjhj. Jssde, sm uej pdcnj ald usjhj d`tmred`j`tmem`tm m kle l kl`suel klrrm`tm elhmrjhl, mcj tmrê hurjçël eudtl ejdlr hl qum sm l kl`suel alr kl`tå`ul m ejdlr. Dstl qumr hdzmr qum, meflrj j pdcnj smoj j emsej, `l prdemdrl kjsl mcj tmrê ejdlr kjpjkdhjhm qum `l smgu`hl, plds, sm euctdpcdkjrels j klrrm`tm pmcl tmepl `ls hlds kjsls, drmels vmrdkjr qum `l prdemdrl l prlhutl ä ejdlr, l qum mvdhm`kdj qum j kjpjkdhjhm hmpm`hm hl elhl klel j pdcnj ä usjhj.
Adgurj ;6 - Dcustrjçël hm uej pdcnj cåqudhj.
Mssj pdcnj, qum jprmsm`tjels, ä hl tdpl cåqudhl, lu smoj, pdcnj ÿedhj. Dssl tlr`j d`køelhl l usl m ej`usmdl hm tjc gmrjhlr. Rjrj kl`tlr`jr mssms d`klvm`dm`tms, d`klvm`dm`tms, ald krdjhj plr Cmkcj`knä (aåsdkl aræ`kms) j pdcnj smkj. Zuj`hl sm ajz uej pdcnj, klel j elstrjhj ;6, demhdjtjem`tm jpjrmkm me smus `j gurj ;6, tmred`jds uej alrçj mcmtrleltrdz qum ä rmspl`sêvmc pmcl elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs, lu hdtl hm lutrj ej`mdrj, pmcj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj. ]ej qumstël qum clgl surgm me `lssl mspårdtl ä sjfmr? qujc l vjclr hmssj alrçj mcmtrleltrdz m hm qum hmpm`hm mcj< Ls aåsdkls mstuhjrje l jssu`tl m kl`kcuårje qum j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz hj pdcnj hmpm`hm slem`tm hj `jturmzj hjs sufstæ`kdjs qum m`trje me suj alrejçël m `ël hmpm`hm hjs hdem`sýms hls mcätrlhls. Js pdcnjs smkjs, tël kl`nmkdhjs hl jcu`l, plds sël cjrgjem`tm utdcdzjhjs `j jcdem`tjçël hm cj`tmr`js m rêhdls plrtêtmds, plr têtmds, prlplrkdl`je prlplrkdl`je uej tm`sël hm kmrkj hm :,=Q, d`hmpm`hm`tmem`tm hm smu tjej`nl aåsdkl, lu smoj, tj`tl j pdcnj hm rmcûgdl hm pucsl, klel j pmqum`j m j eähdj lu emsel j grj`hm tïe j emsej alrçj mcmtrleltrdz (gurj ;;). L jcu`l hmvm mstjr sm pmrgu`tj`hl plrqum, m`tël, pdcnjs hm tjej`nls hdamrm`tms, sm j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz ä j emsej, me qujcqumr uej. Vmspl`hmrmels qum, hl tjej`nl hls mcätrlhls m, kl`smqum`tmem`tm, hj pdcnj tlhj, hmpm`hm j kjpjkdhjhm hj emsej. Rlr kjpjkdhjhm hm uej pdcnj m`tm`hm-sm j klrrm`tm qum mcj ä kjpjz hm alr`mkmr hurj`tm ue hmtmred`jhl pmrålhl hm tmepl, d`dkdj`hl-sm l alr`mkdem`tl kle j pdcnj kjrrmgjhj (`lvj) m tmred`j`hl quj`hl mcj mstdvmr msgltjhj (hmskjrrmgjhj). Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Adgurj ;; - Elhmcls hm pdcnjs smkjs.
Vmsdstï`kdj D`tmr`j hj Rdcnj Xlhl gmrjhlr m, me pjrtdkucjr, j pdcnj, lamrmkm d`tmr`jem`tm uej hdkuchjhm â pjssjgme hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. Mssj hdkuchjhm ä knjejhj hm rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j. Hmssm elhl, j rmprmsm`tjçël msqumeêtdkj hm uej pdcnj smrdj l qum ;8, l`hm jpjrmkme hlds elstrjels `j `j gurj ;8, trjçls, qum rmprmsm`tje j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz (M), m ue rmtæ`gucl rmtæ`gucl,, qum sdeflcdzj j rmsdstï`kdj d`d`tmr`j ( V ). 62
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Jsslkdjçël hm Rdcnjs Zuj`hl sm hmsmoj tm`sël lu kjpjkdhjhm ejdlrms hl qum uej pdcnj ÿ`dkj plhm alr`mkmr, plhme smr cdgjhjs vêrdjs m`trm sd, hm elhl qum l kl`ou`tl tm`nj js prlprdmhjhms hmsmojhjs. Mssj cdgjçël sm knjej jsslkdjçël hm pdcnjs. Zuj`hl j jsslkdjçël hm pdcnjs tme plr `jcdhjhm juem`tjr j tm`sël, mcj ä knjejhj vucgjrem`tm hm fjtmrdj (gurj ;=).
Adgurj ;8 - Vmprmsm`tjçël hm uej pdcnj rmjc.
Zuj`hl j pdcnj mstê `lvj, j rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j ä fjdxj m j klrrm`tm qum sm plhm rmtdrjr hj pdcnj tme ue hmtmred`jhl vjclr eêxdel. M`trmtj`tl,, quj`hl j pdcnj ä usjhj, suj rmsdstï`kdj trmtj`tl d`tmr`j juem`tj, hmvdhl jl hmsgjstm hls mcätrlhls m tjefäe âs rmjçýms qum sm prlkmssje me smu d`tmrdlr, jkjrrmtj`hl uej hmtmred`jhj hdssdpjçël hm m`mrgdj `j prûprdj rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j m hded`ud`hl l vjclr hj klrrm`tm qum mcj plhm alr`mkmr. Zuj`hl j rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j tme vjclr eudtl mcmvjhl, j klrrm`tm qum j pdcnj plhm alr`mkmr ä prjtdkjem`tm `ucj, hdzmels m`tël qum j pdcnj mstê hmskjrrmgjhj.
Adgurj ;= - Fjtmrdj (4Q).
Jkueucjhlrms Ls jkueucjhlrms sël hdsplsdtdvls knjejhls pdcnjs hm smgu`hj mspäkdm, plrqum, `j rmjcdhjhm, `ël sm trjtj hm ue gmrjhlr, `l sm`tdhl mxjtl hmssm tmrel, lu smoj, hm trj`salrejr ue tdpl hdstd`tl hm m`mrgdj, me mcätrdkj. L qum l jkueucjhlr ajz ä jrejzm`jr kjrgjs mcätrdkjs qum cnm sël kleu`dkjhjs plr lutrl gmrjhlr. Jpûs kl`struåhl, l jkueucjhlr `ël mstê prl`tl pjrj au`kdl`jr, klel jkl`tmkm kle js pdcnjs, plds `ël mxdstm tm`sël jcguej me smus tmred`jds. M`trmtj`tl, M`trmtj`tl, ajzm`hl-sm pjssjr klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj jtrjväs hm smus mcätrlhls, l jkueucjhlr vjd, plukl j plukl, jhqudrd`hl j hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc. Mssj lpmrjçël sm knjej kjrgj hl jkueucjhlr. ]ej vmz klepcmtjhj j kjrgj, l jkueucjhlr kj kle suj alrçj mcmtrleltrdz kle l vjclr eêxdel m mstê prl`tl pjrj smr usjhl. J vj`tjgme hl jkueucjhlr ä qum js rmjçýms quåedkjs qum sm prlkmssje me smu d`tmrdlr sël drrmvmrsåvmds, l qum `ël jkl`tmkm kle js pdcnjs. Jssde, jpûs l msgltjem`tl hjs kjrgjs hl jkueucjhlr, mcjs plhme smr rmplstjs, vlctj`hl l jkueucjhlr j suj kl`hdçël hm kjrrmgjhl. Ls jkueucjhlrms sël fjstj`tm meprmgjhls me Mcmtrø`dkj, plds jcdem`tje ls rmkmptlrms
Alrçj Mcmtrleltrdz m Hdamrm`çj hm Rltm`kdjc hm ue Gmrjhlr Hj rmprmsm`tjçël msqumeêtdkj hm uej pdcnj ;8, m hjs mxpcdkjçýms rmjc qum zmels `j gurj `j gurj ;8, qum alr`mkmels `js cd`njs j`tmrdlrms, plhmels tdrjr uej kl`kcusël deplrtj`tm? `ls tmred`jds hm utdcdzjçël hj pdcnj, `ël rmklcnmels tlhj j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz gmrjhj qudedkjem`tm ejs ue vjclr em`lr hjhl pmcj hdamrm`çj m`trm j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz m j qumhj `j rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j. d`tmr`j. Mssj hdamrm`çj ä l qum sm knjej hm tm`sël lu hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc. Jssde, qujcqumr qum smoj l tdpl hm gmrjhlr, me smus tmred`jds mxtmr`ls rmklcnm-sm slem`tm j hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc lu tm`sël m `u`kj j suj alrçj mcmtrleltrdz. Me eudtls kjsls, j rmsdstï`kdj d`tmr`j ä tël pmqum`j qum j qumhj hm tm`sël `mcj plhm smr hmsprmzjhj m, `mstjs kdrku`stæ`kdjs, j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz ä prjtdkjem`tm dgujc j hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc m, plr tjc eltdvl, gmrjcem`tm sm meprmgj l tmrel alrçj mcmtrleltrdz pjrj js al`tms qum kl`vmrtme j m`mrgdj mcätrdkj j pjrtdr hm emkæ`dkj, quåedkj, mtk. mtk. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
6:
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
hm rêhdl hm jutleûvmds, rmkmptlrms hm rêhdl hm emsj, mtk. m, me clkjcdhjhms l`hm `ël mxdstm lutrl tdpl hm m`mrgdj mcätrdkj, sël usjhls `j dcued`jçël. J alrçj mcmtrleltrdz hl jkueucjhlr hmpm`hm, klel `l kjsl hjs pdcnjs, mxkcusdvjem`tm hls mcätrlhls m hl mcmtrûcdtl, m `u`kj hm sujs hdem`sýms. Hmstjs ÿtdejs hmpm`hmrê suj kjpjkdhjhm hm klrrm`tm. Ls jkueucjhlrms ejds hdau`hdhls, kl`nmkdhls klel jkueucjhlrms hm pcjkj hm knuefl, j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz hm smus mcmem`tls ä hm kmrkj hm 6,: Q. Mssms mcmem`tls sël jsslkdjhls me fjtmrdj (m plr dssl tjefäe sm knjej jkueucjhlr hm fjtmrdj), vdsj`hl j jtd`gdr l vjclr hm tm`sël hmsmojhl. Ls vjclrms ejds kleu`s sël hm :6Q m 68Q. J kjpjkdhjhm hm klrrm`tm hmpm`hm hjs hdem`sýms hls mcätrlhls, qum `l jkueucjhlr sël knjejhls hm pcjkjs. Jssde, mxdstme jkueucjhlrms hm :; pcjkjs, := pcjkjs, :7 pcjkjs mtk, sm`hl qum l hm :7 pcjkjs tme ejds kjpjkdhjhm hm klrrm`tm qum l hm := lu :;. @j gurj ;1, ;1, jprmsm`tjels ue jkueucjhlr me smu jspmktl mxtmr`l. mx tmr`l.
em`tm plr kjusj hm suj rmsdstï`kdj ä knjejhl hm rmsdstlr. ;¿) J alrçj qum lfrdgj js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs j sm elvdem`tjrme jtrjväs hls kl`hutlrms, lu smoj, j alrçj qum prlhuz j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj ä knjejhj hm alrçj mcmtrleltrdz. Mcj ä emhdhj me vlcts. 8¿) J hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc, qum ä tjefäe uej alrçj, klrrmspl`hm`tm jl qum slfrj hj alrçj mcmtrleltrdz, quj`hl sm rmtdrj j pjrkmcj hm m`mrgdj `mkmssêrdj pjrj elvdem`tjr js kjrgjs `l d`tmrdlr hl gmrjhlr. J hdamrm`çj hm pltm`kdjc tjefäe ä emhdhj me vlcts.
J`jclgdj m`trm M`mrgdj Ndhrêucdkj m Mcätrdkj Klrrm`tm Mcätrdkj Qdels qum l elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs kl`stdtud l qum sm knjej hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj. @j prêtdkj, l qum rmjcem`tm d`tmrmssj ä mssm elvdem`tl,, plds, klel oê jrejels, j kjrgj mcätrdkj em`tl pjrjhj `ël prlhuz ls mamdtls qum hmsmojels hmsmojels m qum tlr`je tël ÿtdc m deplrtj`tm j mcmtrdkdhjhm, tjds klel j prlhuçël hm kjclr, l elvdem`tl hm eltlrms, j prlhuçël hm l`hjs hm rêhdl, mtk. Xdpls hm Klrrm`tm J mcmtrdkdhjhm me elvdem`tl, klel vdels, slf eudtls jspmktls kleplrtj-sm klel êguj me elvdem`tl. Dssl ä eudtl fle, plrqum pmredtm qum mxpcdqumels kmrtls am`øem`ls jpjrm`tmem`tm klepcdkjhls hj mcmtrdkd mcmtrdkdhjhm, hjhm, klepjrj`hl-ls kle ls tël kl`nmkdhls elvdem`tls elvdem`tls hj klrrm`tm hm êguj jtrjväs hj kj`jcdzjçël. Rlr mxmepcl,, hdzmels qum js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs sm elmxmepcl vme hm ue cugjr pjrj lutrl mxjtjem`tm klel jkl`tmkm kle j êguj9 plr lutrl cjhl, js kjrgjs `ël plhme plhme smr kleprdedhjs me ue mspjçl mspjçl em`lr, j mxmepcl hl qum lklrrm kle j êguj. Jcäe hmssjs smemcnj`çjs, eudtjs lutrjs plhmrël smr kdtjhjs, m l smrël, `l hmklrrmr hl kursl. Rjrj qum j êguj smoj ÿtdc, mcj `ël hmvm pmrej`mkmr pjrjhj `l kj`l, l emsel jkl`tmkm`hl kle js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. Klel l elvdem`tl hj êguj plhm smr l ejds vjrdjhl plssåvmc, l emsel
Adgurj ;1 - Jspmktl mxtmr`l hm ue jkueucjhlr (fjtmrdj).
RJVJ VMACMXDV Vmsued`hl mstj cdçël, l qum l jcu`l hmvm rmtmr klel deplrtj`tm ä l smgud`tm? :¿) Klrrm`tm mcätrdkj ä l `lem qum sm hê jl elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs jtrjväs hls klrpls. [uj u`dhjhm hm emhdhj ä l jepîrm. 6¿) Vmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj ä j prlprdmhjhm qum ls klrpls plssume hm sm lplrme j kdrkucjçël hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj. [uj u`dhjhm hm emhdhj ä l lne. L klepl`m`tm qum ä usjhl mxkcusdvjKursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
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D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
jkl`tmkmrê kle l hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. Me vdstj hdssl, plhmels kcjssdkjr j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj me au`çël hl tdpl hm elvdem`tl qum js kjrgjs mamtuje. Hm tlhls ls elvdem`tls plssåvmds, hlds sël ls ejds deplrtj`tms? l kl`tå`ul m l jctmr`jhl, rmsuctj`hl hjå ls hlds tdpls prd`kdpjds hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj, qum sël? klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj m klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj.
@mssj gurj, l jcu`l dhm`tdkj uej pdcnj mcätrdkj, qum ä ue gmrjhlr hm mcmtrdkdhjhm, ue l, qum ä ue kl`hutlr hm mcmtrdkdhjhm, m ue d`tmrruptlr, qum ä ue hdsplsdtdvl qum smrvm pjrj d`tmrrlepmr l elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. L jcu`l oê sjfm qum l jrrj`ol hmssms trïs klepl`m`tms, lu smoj, hj pdcnj, hl l m hl d`tmrruptlr, knjej-sm kdrkudtl mcätrdkl. Rlds fme, cdgj`hl-sm l d`tmrruptlr, d`tmrruptlr, js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs pjssjrël j elvmr-sm hl pûcl `mgjtdvl hj pdcnj, pjrj l plsdtdvl (sm`tdhl rmjc) m slem`tm `mssm sm`tdhl. Hdrmels, m`tël, qum j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj hj pdcnj ä kl`tå`uj. Hmvmels smeprm tmr me em`tm qum mssj kcjssdkjçël sm rmamrm jl sm`tdhl hl elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs, plrtj`tl, `js pdcnjs l sm`tdhl hl elvdem`tl ä kl`tå`ul, lu smoj d`vjrdêvmc.
Klrrm`tm Kl`tå`uj @j klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj l elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs ä me ue sû sm`tdhl sm`tdhl.. Mssm elvdem`tl plhm smr klepjrjhl jl hj êguj `l d`tmrdlr hm uej kj`jcdzjçël, jl hl kursl hm ue rdl mtk. @ls hlds mxmepcls kdtjhls, l jcu`l sjfm qum l elvdem`tl sm ajz smeprm me ue sû sm`tdhl qum ä hl pl`tl ejds jctl pjrj l ejds fjdxl. Me cd`gujgme täk`dkj hdråjels qum l elvdem`tl sm hê hm ue pltm`kdjc ejds jctl pjrj ue ejds fjdxl. Dssl qum jrejels mstê dcustrjhl `j gu`j gurj ;7, l`hm jpjrmkme hujs kjdxjs h—êguj me `åvmds hdamrm`tms, hdamrm`tms, cdgjhjs m`trm sd plr ue kj`l qum kl`täe ue rmgdstrl. Zuj`hl sm jfrm l rmgdstrl, j êguj sm elvm hj kjdxj hm kdej pjrj j hm fjdxl, m slem`tm `mssm sm`dhl. s m`dhl.
]`dhjhm hm Emhdhj hm Klrrm`tm [jfmels qum j quj`tdhjhm hm êguj qum pjssj plr uej kj`jcdzjçël, hurj`tm kmrtl tmepl, plhm smr emhdhj pmcl emhdhlr hm êguj, lu rmcûgdl hm êguj, klel ä knjejhl vucgjrem`tm. Hm alrej j`êclgj, j d`tm`sdhjh d`tm`sdhjhmm hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj, lu sdepcmsem`tm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj, plhm smr emhdhj kle ue d`struem`tl mspmkdjc qum sm knjej jepmråemtrl. J quj`tdhjhm hm êguj, plräe, ä jvjcdjhj plr uej u`dhjhm qum `ls ä fjstj`tm ajedcdjr, qum ä l cdtrl plr smgu`hl. M j klrrm`tm , me qum u`dhjhm sm emhm< Rjrj d`hdkjr j u`dhjhm hm emhdhj hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj, ald msklcndhl l `lem hm JERÎVM me nlem`jgme nlem`jgme jl aåsdkl aåsdkl arj`kïs J`hrä Ejrdm Jepîrm. Mssj u`dhjhm hm emhdhj ä sdeflcdzjhj pmcj cmtrj J. Jssde, quj`hl m`kl`trjels j d`hdkjçël hm =J, pjrj j klrrm`tm, plr mxmepcl, demhdjtjem`tm demhdjtjem` tm sjfmels qum mcj ä hm kd`kl jepîrms, dstl ä, qum tme kd`kl u`dhjhm hm klrrm`tm. M`trmtj`tl, `j täk`dkj hm mcmtrø`dkj, prd`kdpjcem`tm me rêhdl m tmcmvdsël, usje-sm ls sufeÿctdpcls hl jepîrm, plds qujsm smeprm l jepîrm sm tlr`j uej u`dhjhm grj`hm. Hm`trm ls sufeÿctdpcls, ls hlds ejds meprmgjhls sël?
Adgurj ;7 - J`jclgdj jl sm`tdhl hj Klrrm`tm Kl`tå`uj.
]ej sdtujçël smemcnj`tm, ejs jglrj mcätrdkj, ä j qum elstrjels `j gurj `j gurj ;>.
Edcdjepîrm, qum klrrmspl`hm j edcäsdej Edcdjepîrm, pjrtm hl jepîrm, dstl ä, j ue jepîrm hdvdhdhl plr edc. Rm`sm, plr mxmepcl, me ue grjej, qum ä j edcäsdej pjrtm hm ue qudcl, me ue edcåem-
Adgurj ;> - Klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj `ue sm`tdhl rmjc. D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
6;
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
trl, qum ä j edcäsdej pjrtm hm ue emtrl, mtk. Hl emsel elhl, ue edcdjepîrm ä j edcäsdej pjrtm hl jepîrm.
`jhl usj`hl ue hdsplsdtdvl klel elstrjels ;4. Mssm hdsplsdtdvl kl`stj hm ue kd`j gurj ;4. cd`hrl amknjhl plr ue kj`l kdrkucjr, `l d`tmrdlr hl qujc (kdcd`hrl) mxdstm ue pdstël. Jssde, ajzm`hl-sm ue elvdem`tl hm vjdväe `l pdstël, dstl ä, elvm`hl-l pjrj fjdxl m pjrj kdej, jpjrmkmrê `j kj`jcdzjçël ue elvdem`tl hm êguj qum tjefäe mamtuj l emsel vjdväe. Hdzmels, m`tël, qum mssm tdpl hm elvdem`tl ä jctmr`jhl, kle dssl qumrm`hl hdzmr qum j êguj sm elvdem`tj lrj prj kdej, lrj prj fjdxl, `l kj`l vmrtd;4f dcustrj l qum jrejels. kjc. J gurj ;4j m ;4f dcustrj
L edcdjepîrm ä rmprm`sm`tjhl plr eJ. : ‘‘‛ J 5 2,22:J 2,2 2:J 5 :eJ : eJ :222 Edkrljepîrm, Mstm sufeÿctdpcl klrrm`spl`Edkrljepîrm, Mstm hm j edcdl`äsdej pjrtm hl jepîrm, dstl ä, j ue jepîrm hdvdhdhl plr ue edcnël. L såeflcl hl edkrljepîrm ä? : ‘‘‘‘‛ J 5 2,22222 2,22 222:J :J 5 D½J :.222.222 Jssde, sm l jcu`l m`kl`trjr j d`hdkjçël –klrrm`tm hm :2½J―, plr mxmepcl, hmvmrê cmr? hmz edkrljepîrms. Jcäe hls sufeÿctdpcls, l jepîrm tjefäe jhedtm eÿctdpcls, tjds klel l qudcljepîrm qudcljepîrm,, qum sm rmprm`sm`tj plr IJ m vjcm edc jepîrms, m l emgjepîrm, qum mqudvjcm j ue edcnël hm jepîrm m ä rmprmsm`tjhl plr EJ. Xlhjvdj, klel oê jrejels, mssms eÿctdpcls sël eudtl grj`hms, `ël sm`hl usjhls me mcmtrø`dkj. [lem`tm `js grj`hms usd`js hm mcmtrdkdhjhm ä qum sm trjfjcnj kle klrrm`tms hm tjc grj`hmzj. Kdtjels jpm`js pjrj qum l jcu`l `ël dg`lrm suj mxdstï`kdj. L jepîrm ä uej u`dhjhm hm emhdhj hm klrrm`tm mcätrdkj qum vjcm tj`tl pjrj klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj klel pjrj jctmr`jhj, qum pjssjrmels j mstuhjr, j smgudr.
Adgurj - ;4j m ;4f - J`jclgdj jls sm`tdhls hj Klrrm`tm Jctmr`jhj
J klrrm`tm mcätrdkj jctmr`jhj ä jqumcj qum mxmkutj ue elvdem`tl hm vjdväe `l l qum j trj`splrtj. Dstl sdg`dkj qum js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs `l l mamtuje, tjefäe, ue elvdem`tl hm vjdväe, kl`trjrdjem`tm â klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj, l`hm js kjrgjs sm elvme smeprm `l emsel sm`tdhl. Ä d`tmrmssj`tm lfsmrvjr, hmshm oê, qum js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs sû sm elvme hl `mgjtdvl pjrj l rmjc hj plsdtdvl (sm`tdhl rmjc hj klrrm`tm), plrtj`tl, j d`vmrsël hm elvdem`tl sm hê plrqum j plcjrdhjhm hl gmrjhlr ä qum sm d`vmrtm. L hdsplsdtdvl qum prlhuz j klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj, lu smoj, l gmrjhlr hm klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj ä knjejhl hm jctmr`jhlr (gurj 82).
Klrrm`tm Jctmr`jhj Kl`trjrdjem`tm jl qum jkl`tmkm kle j klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj, `j klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj l sm`tdhl hm elvdem`tjçël hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs euhj kl`stj`tmem`tm. Rjrj ejdlr ajkdcdhjhm hm kleprmm`sël, tjefäe plhmels klepjrjr j klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj kle ue hmtmred`jhl elvdem`tl hm êguj. Vmjcem`tm, vdels qum j klrrm`tm hm êguj qum sm elvm `js kj`jcdzjçýms hm `lssjs rmsdhï`kdjs ä hl tdpl kl`tå`ul9 m`trmtj`tl, plhmråjels prlvlkjr ue elvdem`tl jctmrKursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Adgurj 82 - Jctmr`jhlr 68
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Auturjem`tm mxpcdkjrmels klel au`kdl`j mssm hdsplsdtdvl hdsplsdtdvl.. J klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj lamrmkm eudtjs vj`tjgm`s slf j klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj. J ejdlr hmcjs ä qum plhm smr ajkdcem`tm trj`salrejhj, lu smoj, mcj plhm tmr suj tm`sël mcmvjhj lu jfjdxjhj, hm jklrhl kle `lssjs `mkmssdhjhms, l qum `ël jkl`tmkm kle j klrrm`tm kl`tå`uj.
vmclkdhjhm hm elvdem`tjçël hl pdstël. Me lutrjs pjcjvrjs, mcm smrê cm`tl lu rêpdhl, kl`alrem l pdstël sm elvj hmvjgjr lu rjpdhjem`tm. Zuj`hl j vmclkdhjhm hl pdstël ä fjdxj, hdzsm qum j armquï`kdj ä fjdxj. [m j vmclkdhjhm hl pdstël ä jctj, hdz-sm qum j armquï`kdj ä jctj. Ä kcjrl qum, pjrj sjfmr sm jcgue jkl`tmkdem`tl jkl`tmkdem`tl ä cm`tl lu rêpdhl, hmvmels klepjrê-cl `l tmepl, lu smoj, jqumcm qum jkl`tmkm me em`lr tmepl ä, mvdhm`tmem`tm, ejds rêpdhl. Hmstj ej`mdrj, pjrj hm`dr, klstuej-sm klepjrê-cj kle j u`dhjhm hm tmepl, qum ä l smgu`hl.
Mcmem`tls hj Klrrm`tm Jctmr`jhj Vmprmsm`tjçël J klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj plhm smr rmprmsm`tjhj grjkjem`tm klel elstrjels `j gurj 8:. Mssj gurj ä l qum knjejels hm sm`ûdhm m, plr dssl, ä kleue hdzmr-sm qum j klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj ä sm`ldhjc. L pl`tl ejds jctl hj gurj ä knjejhl hm pdkl m l ejds fjdxl, hm vjcm. Zuj`hl j klrrm`tm pjssj pmcl emsel vjclr m`trm ue pdkl m ue vjcm (lu vdkm-vmrsj) sukmssdvls, hdzmels qum mcj pmrklrrmu ue kdkcl. @j gurj 86 elstrjels 86 elstrjels uej klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj hm hlds kdkcls.
J Armquï`kdj hm uej klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj ä l `ÿemrl hm vmzms qum ue pdkl m ue vjcm sm sukmhme, me ue smgu`hl. Jssde, plhmels hdzmr qum? Klel vdels, kjhj sukmssël hm ue vjcm m ue pdkl knjejels hm ue kdkcl9 clgl, plhmels hdzmr tjefäe qum? –Armquï`kdj ä l `ÿemrl hm kdkcls qum jkl`tmkme me ue smgu`hl.― Mstj ÿctdej hm`dçël ä j ejds usujc. ]`dhjhm hm Armquï`kdj Hurj`tm eudtl tmepl, jhltlu-sm j u`dhjhm hm armquï`kdj qum surgm hj hm`dçël qum hmels, lu smoj, l kdkcl plr smgu`hl, kuoj jfrmvdjçël ä k/s. Jtujcem`tm, `l eu`hl tlhl, hê-sm j u`dhjhm hm armquï`kdj l `lem hm NMVX_ m jfrmvdj-sm plr Nz.
Adgurj 8: - Klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj (ue kdkcl).
NMVX_ 5 Nz Jssde, uej klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj tme armquï`kdj hm ue nmrtz, nmrtz, quj`hl mcj mamtuj mamtuj ue kdkcl `l tmepl hm ue smgu`hl, lu smoj, quj`hl, me kjhj smgu`hl, me suj rmprmsm`tj rmprmsm`tjçël çël jpjrmçje jpm`js ue pdkl m ue vjcm. J armquï`kdj ä uej kjrjktmråstdkj eudtl deplrtj`tm hj klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj. Js klrrm`tms d`hustrdjds, klel js utdcdzjhjs `js kdhjhms pjrj dcued`jçël m jkdl`jem`tl hm jpjrmcnls mcätrdkls, tïe, gmrjcem`tm armquï`kdj hm kd`qum`tj lu smssm`tj nmrtz. Jtujcem`tm, Jtujcem`t m, pjrj u`dalredhjhm, j armquï`kdj hj klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj d`hustrdjc, me tlhl l Frjsdc, ä mxkcusdvjem`tm mxkcusdvjem` tm hm smssm`tj nmrtz.
Adgurj 86 - Klrrm`tm jctmr`jhj (hlds kdkcls).
Armquï`kdj [m kl`sdhmrjrels l hdsplsdtdvl qum sugmrd;4, plhmrmels lfsmrvjr qum l els `j gurj ;4, plhmrmels elvdem`tl hm vjdväe hj êguj `l kj`l plhm smr vjrdjhl, fjstj`hl, pjrj dssl, qum sm euhm j D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
6=
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Me mcmtrø`dkj, plräe, trjfjcnj-sm kle armquï`kdj hm tlhls ls vjclrms, dstl ä, hmshm jcgu`s nmrtz, jtä edcnýms edcnýms m edcnýms hm nmrtz, plr dssl, ä ejds prêtdkl usjr-sm ls eÿctdpcls hl nmrtz. Ls ejds utdcdzjhls me rêhdl m tmcmvdsël sël? Zudclnmrtz,, kuoj jfrmvdjçël ä INz m, kuol vjZudclnmrtz clr ä edc nmrtz. Jssde, l jcu`l lfsmrvjrê qum js medsslrjs hm rjhdlhdausël hm l`hjs eähdjs d`hdkje sujs armquï`kdjs smeprm me qudclnmrtz. Emgjnmrtz, qum mqudvjcm j ue edcnël hm Emgjnmrtz, nmrtz m ä jfrmvdjhl plr ENz. Js medsslrjs hm rjhdlhdausël hm l`hjs kurtjs m AE d`hdkje sujs armquï`kdjs me emgjnmrtz. Js medsslrjs hm tmcmvdsël, meflrj `ël tm`nje l nêfdtl hm d`hdkjr js armquï`kdjs me qum trjfjcnje, lpmrje me armquï`kdjs qum vël hmshm kd`qum`tj m qujtrl jtä kmrkj hm ue edcnjr hm ENz. Gdgjnmrtz, qum mqudvjcm j edc emgjnmrtz m ä rmprmsm`tjhl rmprmsm`tjh l plr GNz. Mssj u`dhjhm mstê sm tlr`j`hl hm usl rltd`mdrl, hmvdhl âs trj`sedssýms hls sdstmejs hm edkrll`hjs qum mstël u`d`hl l Frjsdc hm pl`tj j pl`tj9 js trj`sedssýms hls sjtäcdtms jrtdkdjds, ls alr`ls hm edkrll`hjs, mtk., sël amdtjs me armquï`kdjs tël mcmvjhjs qum oustdkje l meprmgl hl gdgjnmrtz, `ël hmvm`hl l jcu`l dg`lrê-cl, plrtj`tl. plr tj`tl.
tl. J alrçj kle qum puxjels l fjrfj`tm plhm smr klepjrjhj j tm`sël lu alrçj mcmtrleltrdz.
Adgurj 8; - J`jclgdj hj rmsdstï`kdj jprmsm`tjhj.
Jglrj, me uej smgu`hj mtjpj hm `lssl mxmepcl jhedtjels qum l kl`hutlr lkl smoj sufstdtuåhl plr lutrl hm emsejs hdem`sýms, ejs qum tm`nj, me smu d`tmrdlr, vêrdls pd`ls jtrjvmssj`hl-l. @mstjs kl`hdçýms, jl puxjrels j mxtrmedhjhm cdvrm hl fjrfj`tm j msamrj smrê jrrjstjhj, ejs sm knlkjrê kle ls lfstêkucls m tmrê smu elvdem`tl hdkuctjhl. @jturjcem`tm, quj`tl ejdlr l `ÿemrl hm pd`ls (lfstêkucls), ejdlr smrê j hdkuchjhm hm elvdem`tl. Mssm mxmepcl smrvm pjrj dcustrjr l qum jkl`tmkm kle j klrrm`tm mcätrdkj sm, klel prlpusmels ejds jkdej, jhedtdrels qum j msamrj rmprmsm`tm j kjrgj mcätrdkj, l kl`hutlr, ue kl`hutlr hm mcmtrdkdhjhm, m j alrçj qum puxj l fjrfj`tm, j alrçj mcmtrleltrdz lu tm`sël mcätrdkj. [m, klel zmels jtä jqud, utdcdzêssmels j rmhm hm êguj m, plrtj`tl, plr mcms sû plhm klrrmr plukj êguj. Oê ls lkls jprmsm`tje em`ls rmsdstï`kdj m kl`huzme ejds êguj.
Vmsdstï`kdj Mcätrdkj Qdels qum j rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj hm ue klrpl qujcqumr ä j prlprdmhjhm qum mcm tme hm sm lplr j pjssjgme hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs. J rmsdstï`kdj hm ue klrpl hmvm-sm jl ajtl hm qum js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs `ël plhme jtrjvmssê-cl cdvrmem`tm , plrqum l klrpl tme mstruturj, lu smoj, mcm `ël ä vjzdl. Hmstj ej`mdrj, js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs knlkje-sm kle j mstruturj hl klrpl m tme smu elvdem`tl hdkuctjhl. Ajçjels uej klepjrjçël? Jhedtjels qum sm tm`nj ue kl`hutlr lkl, jtrjvmssjhl hm pl`tj j pl`tj plr ue fjrfj`8;, l qujc tme tm, klel elstrjels `j gurj 8;, jejrrjhj, me uej hm sujs mxtrmedhjhms, uej pmqum`j msamrj. Qjels klepjrjr mssm kl`hutlr lkl kle ue kl`hutlr hm mcmtrdkdhjhm m j msamrj, kle uej kjrgj mcätrdkj. Jssde, puxj`hl j mxtrmedhjhm cdvrm hl fjrfj`tm, vmrdkjels qum j msamrj sm hmsclkj sme hdkuchjhm hm`trl hl kl`hutlr. Dstl sdg`dkj qum mcj `ël m`kl`trlu lplsdçël, dstl ä, rmsdstï`kdj jl smu hmsclkjem`Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
Kcjssdkjçël hls Kl`hutlrms Zuj`tl j Vmsdstï`kdj Jpmsjr hm njvmr uej kmrtj kl`trlv kl`trlvärsdj ärsdj m`trm ls mstuhdlsls hl jssu`tl, m`gm`nmdrls m`gm`nmdrls m aåsdkls, plhm-sm kcjssdkjr ue klrpl lu kl`hutlr hm jklrhl kle j rmsdstï`kdj qum l emsel lamrmkm â pjssjgme hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj. ]ej plssåvmc kcjssdkjçël, meprmgjhj nê eudtl tmepl, tmepl, ä j qum sm smgum? j) Fle kl`hutlr - Ä tlhl klrpl qum sm hmdxj jtrjvmssjr sme eudtj hdkuchjhm pmcj klr61
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
rm`tm mcätrdkj. Ls emtjds, gmrjcem`tm, sël fl`s kl`hutlrms m, hm`trm mcms, ls ejds utdcdzjhls me mcmtrdkdhjhm sël? l klfrm, l jcueå`dl, j prjtj, j pcjtd`j. Xjefäe sm utdcdzje js cdgjs emtêcdkjs (Adgurj 88j).
Adgurj 88 k - Mxmepcl hm [medkl`hutlr (fjrrj hm sdcåkdl).
h) Dslcj`tms - [ël ls klrpls qum lpýme mcmvjhj rmsdstï`kdj â pjssjgme hj klrrm`tm. Xmlrdkjem`tm, smrdje ls klrpls qum `ël sm hmdxje jtrjvmssjr pmcj klrrm`tm. Klel mxmepcls hm dslcj`tms plhmels kdtjr? j plrkmcj`j, j smhj, mtk., meflrj `j prêtdkj `ël mxdstj klrpl klepcmtjem`tm dslcj`tm (Adgurj 88h).
Adgurj 88 j - Mxmepcl hm fle kl`hutlr (klfrm).
f) Eju kl`hutlr - Ä tlhl klrpl qum lpým rmcjtdvj hdkuchjhm â pjssjgme hj klrrm`tm mcätrdkj. Klel mxmepcl hm ejus kl`hutlrms plhmels kdtjr l kjrvël m kmrtjs cdgjs emtêcdkjs eudtl utdcdzjhjs me jpjrmcnls hm jqumkdem`tl, tjds klel l `åqumckrlel, j kl`stj`tj`j, mtk. (Adgurj 88f).
Adgurj 88 h - Mxmepcl - Mxmepcl hm Dslcj`tm (plrkmcj`j). (p lrkmcj`j).
Jtujcem`tm, nê uej tm`hï`kdj hm hmskl`sdhmrjr-sm j kcjssdkjçël hm –eju kl`hutlr―, vdstl qum `ël nê kl`hutlrms qum `ël lamrmçje uej kmrtj rmsdstï`kdj, lu dslcj`tms qum depmçje tltjcem`tm j pjssjgme hm klrrm`tm.
Adgurj 88 f - Mxmepcl hm eju Kl`hdtlr (`åqumc-krlel).
Vmsdstï`kdj m Vmsdstlr
k) [medkl`hutlr [medkl`hutlr - Ä, me uej hm`dçël sdepcdstj, tlhl klrpl qum tme prlprdmhjhms mcätrdkjs m`trm l fle m l eju kl`hutlr. Mssj kcjssm hm klrpls mcätrdkls ä hm m`lrem deplrtæ`kdj `j mcmtrø`dkj elhmr`j, plrqum j mcj pmrtm`kme ls mcmem`tls kle ls qujds sël amdtls ls trj`sdstlrms m kdrkudtls d`tmgrjhls. Hm`trm ls smedkl`hutlrms ejds deplrtj`tms, kdtjrmels ls mcmem`tls `jturjds kl`nmkdhls pmcls `lems hm gmreæ`dl m sdcåkdl (Adgurj 88k). D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
L jcu`l, me suj vdhj prlssdl`jc, kmrtjem`tm m`kl`trjrê ls tmrels rmsdstï`kdj m rmsdstlr klel sd`ø`dels, dstl ä, d`hdkj`hl j emsej kldsj, ejs, `j rmjcdhjhm, dstl `ël klrrmspl`hm â vmrhjhm. Hm ajtl, hê-sm l `lem hm rmsdstï`kdj â prlprdmhjhm qum prlprdmhjhm qum tme ue klrpl hm rmsdstdr j pjssjgme hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs m hm rmsdstlr, jl klrpl qum klrpl qum plssud mssj prlprdmhjhm. 67
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
qum plssåvmc m `mkmssêrdl, tmels klepjrjhl l elvdem`tl elvdem`t l hm kjrgjs mcätrdkjs kle l elvdem`tl hjs elcäkucjs hm êguj `l d`tmrdlr hls kj`ls. Ajçjels l emsel, jglrj. [upl`njels qum mxdstje hlds kj`ls, ue `l m lutrl grlssl, cdgjhls j hujs kjdxjs hm êguj jfslcutjem`tm dgujds. Ä aêkdc kleprmm`hmr qum, jfrd`hl-sm ls hlds kj`ls, js kjdxjs hm êguj sm msvjzdjrël m qum, jqumcj qum sm msklj jtrjväs hl kj`l ejds grlssl, kjrê vjzdj ejds rjpdhjem`tm. M`tël, hdrmels qum l kj`l hm êguj ejds grlssl, lu smoj, hm ejdlr hdæemtrl, lamrmkm em`ls rmsdstï`kdj â pjssjgme hj klrrm`tm hm êguj. Ajzm`hl j klepjrjçël hl elvdem`tl hm êguj kle l elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs, plhmels kl`kcudr qum, sm`hl hl emsel ejtmrdjc, ls kl`hutlrms (ls) ejds grlssls msklje js kjrgjs mcätrdkjs hm uej al`tm hm m`mrgdj ejds rjpdhjem`tm qum ls ls ejds `ls, gurj 8=. Mssm ajtl, me cd`gujgme ejds täk`dkj, plhm smr m`u`kdjhl hj smgud`tm ej`mdrj?
]`dhjhm hm Vmsdstï`kdj Me nlem`jgme jl grj`hm aåsdkl jcmeël Gmlrgm [del` Lne, qum eudtl kl`trdfudu pjrj l hmsm`vlcvdem`tl hj mcmtrdkdhjhm, ald msklcndhl smu slfrm`lem pjrj d`hdkjr j u`dhjhm hm emhdhj hm rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj. Jssde, hdrmels qum sm knjej hm LNE j u`dhjhm hm emhdhj hm rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj. Hmvm-sm cmr le m, `l pcurjc, lems (lnes). Mssj u`dhjhm ä sdeflcdzjhj pmcj cmtrj grmgj Τ, qum sm cï øemgj m qum klrrmspl`hm jl `lssl l. @ltm l jcu`l qum jl d`hdkjr vmrfjcem`tm l vjclr `ueärdkl hm uej rmsdstï`kdj, `ël hmvmrê ajcjr øemgj m, sde, le. Rlr mxmepcl js rmsdstï`kdjs hm :22Τ, :222Τ, mtk., tmrël smus vjclrms cdhls hj smgud`tm ej`mdrj? kme lnes, edc lnes, mtk., m `ël kle øemgj, edc øemgj, mtk. J u`dhjhm LNE jhedtm eÿctdpcls m sufeÿctdpcls, dstl ä, vjclrms ejdlrms m em`lrms qum mcj. @j prêtdkj hm mcmtrø`dkj, ls eÿctdpcls tïe meprmgl eudtl ejdlr qum ls sufeÿctdpcls. Hm`trm ls eÿctdpcls, ls ejds armqum`tmem`tm usjhls sël ls smgud`tms? j) Emglne, qum vjcm ue edcnël hm lnes. Mssm eÿctdpcl ä jfrmvdjhl plr EΤ. f) Zudclne, qum klrrmspl`hm j edc lnes m ä rmprmsm`tjhl rmprmsm`tjh l plr IΤ. Ls sufeÿctdpcls, klel jrejels, `ël sël eudtl usjhls `j prêtdkj kleue9 m`trmtj`tl, vjels kdtjr ls hlds smgud`tms? j) Edcdlne, qum ä rmprm`sm`tjhl pmcjs cmtrjs eΤ m klrrmspl`hm edcäsdej pjrtm hl lne, lu smoj, ue lne hdvdhdhl plr edc. f)Edkrlne, qum klrrmspl`hm j edcdl`äsdej pjrtm hm ue lne, lne, lu smoj, j lne hdvdhdhl hdvdhdhl plr ue edcnël. L edkrlne ä rmprmsm`tjhl plr ½Τ.
Adgurj 8= - Adl ejds grlssl - em`lr rmsdstï`kdj. Adl ejds `l - ejdlr rmsdstm`kdj.
J rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj hm ue kl`hutlr vjrdj d`vmrsjem`tm kle j smkçël rmtj.
:,222,222 ^ : lne 5 : Emglne - EΤ :.222 x : lne 5 : Zudclne - IΤ
Knjejels hm smkçël rmtj hm ue kl`hutlr j êrmj qum kj, quj`hl sm ajz ue klrtm `j hdrmdcustrj, hm çël pmrpm`hdkucjr jl l. J gurj 81 dcustrj, ej`mdrj fme kcjrj, l qum jkdej jrejels. Rlr lutrl cjhl, hdzmels qum uej vjrdjçël ä d`vmrsj, quj`hl l juem`tl hm uej hjs grj`hmzjs depcdkj j hded`udçël hj lutrj. Jssde, `l kjsl hj rmsdstï`kdj hls klrpls, quj`hl j smkçël juem`tj, j rmsdstï`kdj hded`ud plrtj`tl, trjtj-sm hm uej vjrdjçël d`vmrsj.
: lne ÷ Rlr :222 5 Edcdlne - eΤ : lne ÷ Rlr :.222.222 5 : Edkrlne Ajtlrms Ajt lrms qum D`stume `j Vmsdstï`kdj ]ej pmrgu`tj qum demhdjtjem`tm `ls vme j em`tm ä? Hm qum hmpm`hm j rmsdstï`kdj hm ue klrpl< Qjels j`jcdsjr mssj qumstël. [meprm Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
6>
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
els hlds kl`hutlrms hm emsej smkçël, emsel kleprdem`tl, ejs hm ejtmrdjds hdamrm`tms9 plr mxmepcl, ue hm klfrm m lutrl hm kjrvël. Qmrdkjrmels qum j al`tm hm m`mrgdj cdgjhj jl kl`hutlr hm klfrm sm msgltj eudtl ejds rjpdhjem`tm qum jqumcj cdgjhj jl kl`hutlr hm kjrvël. kjr vël. J kl`kcusël qum sm tdrj ä qum l klfrm lamrmkm em`lr rmsdstï`kdj â pjssjgme hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs m, l qum ä au`hjem`tjc, qum kl`hutlrms hm ejtmrdjc hdamrm`tm, meflrj tm`nje js emsejs hdem`sýms aåsdkjs, dstl ä, emsej smkçël m emsel kleprdem`tl, tïe rmsdstï`kdjs mcätrdkjs hdamrm`tms. hdamrm`t ms. Jqud `ël ä plssåvmc mstjfmcmkmr ajkdcem`tm uej klepjrjçël kle j kj`jcdzjçël hm êguj, plrqum, kl`trjrdjem`tm jls ls mcätrdkls, ls kj`ls hm êguj sël lkls m, plrtj`tl ls ejtmrdjds qum lpýme rmsdstï`kdj â pjssjgme hm êguj sël smeprm ls emsels, lu smoj, l jr m j pjrmhm hl kj`l. Rjrj d`hdkjr j hmpm`hï`kdj hj rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj jl tdpl hm ejtmrdjc utdcdzj-sm uej grj`hmzj qum rmkmfm l `lem hm rmsdstdvdhjhm lu rmsdstï`kdj mspmkåkj. J rmsdstdvdhjhm ä, plds, uej kjrjktmråstdkj hl ejtmrdjc hm qum ä amdtl l kl`hutlr. Mcj smrvm pjrj qum plssjels kcjssdkjr l kl`hutlr klel dslcj`tm, smedkl`hutlr lu fle kl`hutlr. Jcäe hdssl, kl`nmkm`hl-sm j rmsdstdvdhjhm m js hdem`sýms hl kl`hutlr, ä plssåvmc kjckucjr suj rmsdstï`kdj kle grj`hm prmkdsël. Mssm ajtl kleprlvj l qum tmels jrejhl jtä jqud, dstl ä, qum j rmsdstï`kdj hm ue klrpl ä uej prlprdmhjhm mspmkåkj hmssm klrpl, `ël hmpm`hm`hl `me hj tm`sël, `me hj klrrm`tm. J rmsdstï`kdj mspmkåkj ä jprmsm`tjhj jprmsm`tjhj me tjfmcjs, m`gclfj`hl ls ejtmrdjds ejds utdcdzjhls me mcmtrdkdhjhm m, gmrjcem`tm, suj u`dhjhm hm emhdhj ä l edkrlne plr km`tåemtrl lu lne plr emtrl plr edcåemtrl qujhrjhl. @ël vjels jprmsm`tjr j tjfmcj, plds, pjrj `lssj `jcdhjhm, fjstj l jcu`l sjfmr qum j sufstæ`kdj qum tme ejdlr rmsdstï`kdj mspmkåkj lu rmsdstdvdhjhm tmrê ejdlr rmsdstï`kdj qum lutrj, hm emsejs hdem`sýms m hm em`lr rmsdstdvdhjhm. Rlrtj`tl, plhmels jrejr qum?
Adgurj 81 - [mkçël rmtj hm ue l.
Qjels jhedtdr, jglrj, qum âs hujs kjdxjs h—êguj dgujds, hl mxmepcl j`tmrdlr, smoje cdgjhls hlds kj`ls hm emsel hdæemtrl, dstl ä, emsej smkçël lu grlssurj, ejs hm kleprdem`tls hdamrm`tms (plr mxmepcl, ue hm ue emtrl m lutrl hm :2 emtrls). Jfrd`hl ls hlds kj`ls `l emsel d`stj`tm, vjels vmrdkjr qum j kjdxj cdgjhj jl kj`l ejds kurtl sm msvjzdj ejds hmprmssj. Dstl jkl`tmkm plrqum l kj`l hm ejdlr kleprdem`tl lamrmkm ejdlr jtrdtl, dstl ä, ejdlr hdkuchjhm jl elvdem`tl hjs elcäkucjs hm êguj. L emsel sm hê kle rmcjçël jl elvdem`tl hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs `l d`tmrdlr hls kl`hutlrms. Jssde, sm tdvmrels hujs al`tms hm m`mrgdj mcätrdkj dgujds m j mcjs cdgjrels hlds kl`hutlrms hm emsej smkçël, ejs hm kleprdem`tl hdamrm`tms, drmels vmrdkjr qum j al`tm cdgjhj jl kl`hutlr ejds kurtl sm hmskjrrmgj ejds hmprmssj. Mstm ajtl jkl`tmkm plrqum l kl`hutlr ejds kleprdhl lpým ejdlr rmsdstï`kdj j pjssjgme hjs kjrgjs mcätrdkjs, me kl`smquï`kdj hl jtrdtl hmssjs kjrgjs `l d`tmrdlr hl l. Me cd`gujgme täk`dkj, hdråjels qum? J rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj hm ue kl`hutlr vjrdj hdrmtjem`tm kle smu kleprdem`tl. Jqud, l tmrel hdrmtjem`tm d`hdkj qum, quj`hl l kleprdem`tl hl kl`hutlr juem`tj, suj rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj tjefäe juem`tj. [upl`njels, jglrj, qum â hujs al`tms hm m`mrgdj mcätrdkj jfslcutjem`tm dgujds cdgumD`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
J rmsdstï`kdj mcätrdkj hm ue klrpl hmpm`hm hdrmtjem`tm hm suj rmsdstdvdhjhm. 64
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
QMOJ [M JRVM@HM] - J]CJ : :. L jepärm {J} ä emhdhl kle? :. L j) ( f) ( k) ( h) (
) Lneåemtrl ) Qlctåemtrl ) Jepmråemtrl ) Kjpjkåemtrl
6. J klrrm`tm qum `ël slarm vjrdjçël hm plcjrdhjhm ä ? 6. J j) ( f) ( k) ( h) (
) Kl`tå`uj ) Jctmr`jhj ) Rlcjrdzjhj ) @mutrj
;. J alreucj R5 Q x J ä pjrj kjckucjr? ;. J j) ( f) ( k) ( h) (
) Rltï`kd Rltï`kdjj Ndhrêucdkj ) Rmråemtr Rmråemtrl l ) Rltï`kd Rltï`kdjj Mcätrdkj ) Rlcjrdhjhm
8. @j aûreucj jkdej Q ä \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ m J \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 8. @j =. L jtmrrjem`tl sdg`dkj cdgjr \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ =. L \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ 1. Dhm`tdqum ls såeflcls 1. Dhm`tdqum j) f) k)
? \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ? \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\ ? \\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\
7. J jsslkdjçël 7. J jss lkdjçël hm pdcnjs qum tme plr `jcdhjhm juem`tjr j tm`sël m vucgjrem`tm knjejhj hm \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ >. Ls >. Ls hdsplsdtdvls qum prlhuzme mcmtrdkdhjhm sël knjejhls hm \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\
Lfs? J Lfs? J rmsplstj hl Qmoj sm Jprm`hmu hj Jucj :, m`kl`trj-sm `j Jucj 6. Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
;2
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl
Kursl hm Ej`utm`çël m Vmpjrl hm Kmcucjr - Jucj 2:
;6
D`stdtutl ]`dvmrsjc Frjsdcmdrl