UNIVERSIDAD AUNTONOMA “JUAN MISAEL SARACHO” FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS INTEGRADAS DE VILLA MONTES INGENIERÍA DE PETROLEO Y GAS NATURAL
CONTROL DE ARENA MATERIA: PRODUCCION IV DOCENTE: JULIO LIRA INTEGRANTES:
MARCIO VILLA ALDAMA
FERNANDO JARAMILLO
DIEGO TICONA
VANESSA MEJIA JIMENEZ
VILLA MONTES- TARIJA-BOLIVIA 2015
1. INTRODUCCION La prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a !o$&'"'(% $ pro)*%+a &%r"o %$ +!,o& poo& prod!'or%& d% p%'r#*%o %$ 'odo %* +$do. P%d% a/%!'ar dr&'"!a+%$'% *o& r%+%$%& d% prod!!"#$3 p%d% da4ar o)&'r"r %&'ra$*ador%& ( *$%a& d% /*o6 !a&ar /a**a& %7!%&"8a& d%* %9"po6 !o+p*"!ar *a *"+p"%a d%* poo ( p%d% !a&ar %* +a* /$!"o$a+"%$'o d%* %9"po %$ %* /o$do d%* poo. Lo& +:'odo& para !o$'ro*ar *a prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a "$!*(%$ *a "$'rod!!"#$ d% !o*ador%& o r%8%&'"dor%& a7"*"ar%& ra$rado&6 %+pa!a$do !o$ ra8a o !o$&o*"dado d% ar%$a !o$ $a r%&"$a p*&'"!a. Lo& !o*ador%& &o$ *o& d% "$&'a*a!"#$ +& &"+p*% %$ *a +a(ora d% *o& !a&o&. E* 'ra)ao !o$&"&'% %$ !o*ar $ r%8%&'"dor a7"*"ar o $ !o*ador %$8%*'o %$ !a)*% op%&'o a* "$'%r8a*o d% *a o$a d% prod!!"#$. E* 'a+a4o d%* !o*ador %& d% +a$%ra %/%!'"8a d%+a&"ado p%9%4a para p%r+"'"r 9% *a ar%$a /*(a ,a!"a ad%$'ro6 +"%$'ra& 9% a;$ p%r+"'% %* /*o d% *o& /*"do& d% /or+a!"#$. Lo& %+pa9%& d% ra8a &o$ !o+$%& %$ %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a. La prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a %& $o d% *o& pro)*%+a& +& /r%!%$'%& 9% o!rr%$ dra$'% *a 8"da prod!'"8a d% *o& poo& p%'ro*%ro&. S "$'%$&"dad ( ra8%dad 8ara$ !o$ %* rado d% !%+%$'a!"#$ d% *o& ra$o& d% *a ar%$a prod!'ora ( !o$ *a /or+a !o+o %&'$ !o+p*%'ado& *o& poo&. E&'a ar%$a &% d%po&"'a %$ %* /o$do d%* ,o(o ( !o$ /r%!%$!"a r%d!% *a !apa!"dad prod!'"8a d%* poo. E$ *o& !a+po& do$d% *a ar%$a !o$&'"'(% $a !a&a "+por'a$'% d% p%rd"da d% prod!!"#$ &% d%d"!a$ 'a*adro& para r%+%d"ar *a &"'a!"#$ !o$ *a +a(or !%*%r"dad.
2.- DEFINICION DEL CONTROL DE ARENA S% d%/"$% !o+o %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a a* !o$$'o d% ':!$"!a& +%d"a$'% *a& !a*%& &% %*"+"$a6 'o'a* o par!"a*+%$'%6 *a prod!!"#$ d% &#*"do& pro8%$"%$'%& d% *a /or+a!"#$ prod!'ora ( 9% &% prod!%$ !o$$'a+%$'% !o$ *o& ,"dro!ar)ro&. A& $ pr%8%$'"8o !o$'ro* d% ar%$a &%ra $ 'ra'a+"%$'o pr%8%$'"8o 9% %8"'ara *a prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a. E* o)%'"8o d% 'oda ':!$"!a d% !o$'ro* d% ar%$a %& "+p*%+%$'ar $ +%d"o %/%!'"8o d% %8"'ar %* +o8"+"%$'o d% ar%$a 9% p%da !a&ar a*$a d% *o& &""%$'%& %/%!'o& !o&'o&o&<
1= 2= ?= @= 5= = =
Fa**a& d% r%8%&'"+"%$'o >p:rd"da d%* poo=6 a)ra&"#$ d%* %9"po d%* &)&%*o ( d% &p%r/"!"%6 p:rd"da d% prod!!"#$ d% ,"dro!ar)ro&6 r%d!!"#$ d% *a p%r+%a)"*"dad d% *a /or+a!"#$6 !orro&"#$ %$ *a ')%ra d% prod!!"#$6 da4o %$ %* or"/"!"o d%* %&'ra$*ador6 da4o %$ %* &"&'%+a d% r%!o*%!!"#$ ( d"&'r")!"#$ d%* !rdo. S"$ r%&'r"$"r *a prod!'"8"dad d%* poo.
Ca$do &% prod!%$ ,"dro!ar)ro& d% /or+a!"o$%& po!o !o$&o*"dada&6 /r%!%$'%+%$'% o!rr%6 +"ra!"#$ d% ar%$a d% *a /or+a!"#$ ,a!"a %* poo6 'ra(%$do !o+o !o$&%!%$!"a 9% %* /*"do !o$'a+"$ado !o$ ar%$a da4% %* %9"po &p%r/"!"a*6 'a* !o+o %&'ra$*ador%&6 8*8*a& d% &%r"dad o $'a& d% !"r!*a!"#$6 ( &" *a 8%*o!"dad d% /*o %& +( )aa6 &% /or+a$ p%$'%& ( &% r%&'r"$% *a 'a&a d% prod!!"#$. La& "$&'a*a!"o$%& &p%r/"!"a*%& >*$%a& d% /*o6 8*8*a&6%&'ra$*ador%&6 )o+)a& ( &%parador%&= 'a+)":$ &% da4a$ &%8%ra+%$'% por *o& pro!%&o& d% a)ra&"#$6 %ro&"#$ ( &)&%!%$'% !orro&"#$.
3.- RAZONES PARA LA APLICACIN DEL METODO E* +%!a$"&+o d% prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a %& !o+p*%o6 "$/*%$!"ado por !ada op%ra!"#$ d%&d% *a p%$%'ra!"#$ d% *a )ro!a %$ *a o$a prod!'ora ,a&'a %* "$"!"o d% *a prod!!"#$ d%* poo. S"$ %+)aro6 *a& rao$%& para *a prod!!"#$ d% *a ar%$a p%d%$ &%r !a*9"%ra d% *o& 9% %&'$ a !o$'"$a!"#$ o $a !o+)"$a!"#$ d% %**o&.
3.1.- F!"#$%&!'() T!*$+#('*( S&' %!')!+&,$" A*$a& /or+a!"o$%& por &%r 'o'a*+%$'% "$!o$&o*"dada6 o %$ $ %&'ado /*"do. Ca*9"%r %&/%ro por prod!"r /*"do d%* /or+a!"#$ p%d% prod!"r !a$'"dad%& ra$d%& d% ar%$a !o$ /*"do.
3.2.- A+*$) "$*$) ,( P"!,%%&'. A*$o& poo& prod!"r$ ar%$a &" %* /*"do %& prod!"do a a*'a& ra'a&. E&'o& poo& prod!"r$ *")r%& d% ar%$a6 &" *a prod!!"#$ &% r%&'r"$%. Dra$'% +!,o& a4o& *a r%&'r"!!"#$ %$ *a prod!!"#$ %ra $ +%d"o pr"+ar"o d% !o$'ro* d%* ar%$a.
3.3.- P"!,%%&' ,( A/$ E$ a*$a& /or+a!"o$%&6 %* +a'%r"a* !%+%$'a$'% d% *a ro!a %& +"$%ra*%& ( ar!"**a 9% p%d% &%r a/%!'ado %$ &%r"a+%$'% !o$ %* aa. Ca$do %+p"%a *a prod!!"#$ d% aa %+p"%a6 a d%)"*"'ar&% *a $"#$ d% *a ar%$a o &% d%&'r(% ( p%d% %+p%ar a prod!"r ar%$a.
3.0.- D(&,! $+ D(+(*$#&('*! ,(+ D()&*! S% !r%% 9% %$ a*$o& !a&o& *a pr%&"#$ d%* (a!"+"%$'o a(da a &opor'ar *a pr%&"#$ d% &o)r%!ara. La r%d!!"#$ d% pr%&"#$ d%* (a!"+"%$'o p%d% !a&ar &o)r%!ara ( ap*a&'ar $a /or+a!"#$ !o$&o*"dada par!"a*+%$'% ( p%d% prod!"r ar%$a !a&ar &%r"o& da4o& %$ %* !a&"$ ( d%+& %9"po&.
3..- P"4%*&%$) ,( C!#+(*$#&('*! I#"!&$) ,(+ P!5! E* +a* &o d% !"do para *a %&'"+*a!"#$ p%d% r%+o8%r !a$'"dad%& p%9%4a& d% +a'%r"a* !%+%$'a$'% !a*!r%o %$ !"%r'a& /or+a!"o$%& !o$&o*"da& ( p%d% %$%rar prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a. E$ a*$o& !a&o& *"+p"a$ %* poo d%+a&"ado dro o 'ra%$ a* poo a *a prod!!"#$ d%&%ada ( p%d%$ !a&ar rp"da+%$'% '%$&"o$%& %7!%&"8a& %$ /or+a!"o$%& d:)"*+%$'% !o$&o*"dada&.
0.- VENTAJAS DE CONTROL DE ARENA E$ *a "$+%$&a +a(ora d% *o& !a&o&6 p%d%$ +"$"+"ar&% %* da4o d% p%r+%a)"*"dad ( *a p%rd"da d% prod!!"#$ p%d% +"$"+"ar&%. E* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a +a& %!o$#+"!o &% *ora !a$do &% **%8a$ a !a)o +%d"da& d%* !o$'ro* '%+pra$o %$ *a 8"da d%* poo. Lo& &""%$'%& p$'o& d%)%$ &%r !o$&"d%rado& !"dado&a+%$'% a* d%!"d"r r%a*"ar +%d"da& d% !o$'ro* d% ar%$a.
0.1.- D$6! (' +$ F!"#$%&'
I$8%&'"ador%& ,a$ %$!o$'rado 9% $a d"&+"$!"#$ ra$d% %$ p%r+%a)"*"dad p%d% o!rr"r6 !a$do ar%$a d% *a /or+a!"#$ %& d%*")%rada+%$'% p%r'r)ada %&'o p%d% pa&ar !o$ !a+)"o p%9%4o %$ *a poro&"dad d% *a /or+a!"#$. Ta*%& r%d!!"o$%& %$ *a p%r+%a)"*"dad d% *a /or+a!"#$ **%a$ a %$%rar $ a+%$'o &%8%ro d% ar%$a. E$ *a +a(ora d% *o& !a&o&6 par'"!*ar+%$'% !a$do *o& +:'odo& d% !o$&o*"da!"#$ d% r%&"$a &%r$ %+p*%ado&6 %&'o& da4o& %$ *a& /or+a!"o$%& ,a!%$ %7"'o&o %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a +& d"/!"*.
0.2.- D&)!)&%&' ,( A"('$ O'ra ra#$ para ap*"!ar %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a %& %8"'ar o +"$"+"ar %* !o&'o&o +a$%o ( d"&po&"!"#$ d% ar%$a. E&'o %& par'"!*ar+%$'% 8%rdad do$d% &% prod!% +!,o& &#*"do& 9% &o$ r%+o8"do& d%* /*"do %$ p*a'a/or+a& ( %$ ')%ra& La d"&po&"!"#$ p%d% &%r %&p%!"a*+%$'% !o&'o&a !a$do *a ar%$a d%)% &%r %$!o$'rar&% *")r% d% o"* &%;$ *a& r%*a!"o$%& a+)"%$'a*%&.
0.3.- E7&! D$6! E$ *o& poo& &%'o& a *a prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a6 *a a)ra&"#$ ( da4o d% !orro&"#$ %& /r%!%$'%+%$'% r%por'ado %$ *a& ')%ra& d% prod!!"#$6 %$ *a& *$%a& d% 'ra$&por'% %$ *a& )o+)a& d% &)&%*o ( %$ 'odo %* %9"po d% &p%r/"!"% E&'o p%d% pr%&%$'ar %* p%*"ro d% rp'ra o /%o.
0.0.- C!)*! D%'%!'a$do a '"%+po %* pro)*%+a % "+p*%+%$'a$do *a& +%d"da& d%* !o$'ro* aprop"ada& &% p%d% r%d!"r %* !o&'o d% op%ra!"#$. S% )%)% ,a!%r $ )a*a$!% d% !o&'o& d%* *a "+p*%+%$'a!"#$ d%* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a& >*o 9% &% "$8%r'"ra ( *o& a&'o& 9% &% prod!"r$ por $o '%$%r %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a ( a& d%'%r+"$ar &" %& +%or 8"8"r !o$ %* pro)*%+a.
.- T8CNICAS UTILIZADAS PARA EL CONTROL DE ARENA
La &%*%!!"#$ d% $ +:'odo d% !o$'ro* d% ar%$a d%p%$d% d% 8ar"o& /a!'or%&6 !o$d"!"o$%& %&p%!/"!a& d%* !a+po6 pr!'"!a& op%ra'"8a& ( /a!'or%& %!o$#+"!o&3 *o& +:'odo& +& '"*"ado& para %* !o$'ro* d% ar%$a &o$<
Var"a!"#$ d% *a 'a&a d% /*o. Co+p*%'a!"o$%& &%*%!'"8a&. Co$&o*"da!"#$ p*&'"!a. S"&'%+a ra8a r%&"$a. Gra8a r%!)"%r'a !o$ r%&"$a. Forro& ra$rado& (o r%"**a&. R%"**a& pr% %+pa!ada&. R%"**a& !o$ E+pa9%& !o$ Gra8a Fra! pa!. Fora+"%$'o ar%$a p%'r#*%o.
.1.- V$"&$%&' ,( +$ *$)$ ,( 9+! S% /$da+%$'a %$ $a r%d!!"#$ d% *a 8%*o!"dad %$ %* r%a !%r!a$a a *a )o!a d%* poo >%$ *a !ara d% *a ar%$a= +%d"a$'% *a r%&'r"!!"#$ d% *a& 'a&a& d% prod!!"#$6 d"&+"$(%$do *a !ada d% pr%&"#$ %$ *a !ara d% *a /or+a!"#$. S% r%d!% o a+%$'a *a 'a&a d% /*o pa*a'"$a+%$'% ,a&'a 9% *a prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a &%a op%ra'"8a+%$'% +a$%a)*%.
.2 C!#+(*$%&!'() )(+(%*&;$) La ':!$"!a !o$&"&'% %$ !a4o$%ar a9%**a &%!!"#$ d% *a /or+a!"#$ prod!'ora 9% po&%a +a(or r%&"&'%$!"a a *a !o+pr%&"#$6 para a& o)'%$%r $ +a(or d"/%r%$!"a* d% pr%&"#$ 9% $or+a*+%$'% p%r+"'"r 'a&a& ( 8%*o!"dad%& d% prod!!"#$ +& %*%8ada& &"$ 9% !o+"%$!% *a prod!!"#$ d% ar%$a.
F"ra. Pr!'"!a& d% !o+p%'"!"#$ &%*%!'"8a
.3 C!')!+&,$%&' +4)*&%$ E&'% pro!%&o !o$&"&'% %$ *a "$(%!!"#$ d% r%&"$a& p*&'"!a&6 *a& !a*%& &% ad,"%r%$ a *o& ra$o& d% ar%$a d% *a /or+a!"#$. La r%&"$a &% %$dr%!% ( /or+a $a +a&a !o$&o*"dada6 $"%$do *o& ra$o& d% ar%$a. U$ 'ra'a+"%$'o d% !o$&o*"da!"#$ p*&'"!a %& %7"'o&o &" *ora do& >2= o)%'"8o&< Ad"!"#$ d% r%&"&'%$!"a a *a /or+a!"#$. Ma$'%$"+"%$'o d% *a p%r+%a)"*"dad d% *a /or+a!"#$.
V('*$$) ,(+ #<*!,!: E* r%a %$ %* /o$do d%* poo %&' *")r% d% o)&'r!!"#$. No &% r%9"%r%$ *a)or%& d% p%&!a dra$'% op%ra!"o$%& d% poo o r% -!o+p*%'a!"#$. Lo& 'ra)ao& d% r%para!"#$6 &" &o$ $%!%&ar"o&6 &% p%d%$ r%a*"ar &"$ &a!ar %* %9"po d% /o$do6 a 'ra8:& d% *a ')%ra o +%d"a$'% $a $"dad d% ')%ra !o$'"$a. M( r%!o+%$da)*% %$ !o+p*%'a!"o$%& %$ ,o(o& d%*ado& >&*"+ ,o*%=.
D();('*$$) ,(+ #<*!,!: R%d!!"#$ d% *a p%r+%a)"*"dad d% *a /or+a!"#$.
Co&'o por p"% %& +& !o&'o&o 9% o'ro& +:'odo& d% !o$'ro* d% ar%$a. Ap*"!a)*% a "$'%r8a*o& +%$or%& d% 9"$!% >15= p"%&. Lo& +a'%r"a*%& '"*"ado& &o$ por *o %$%ra* +( p%*"ro&o& ( '#7"!o&. E$ 'ra'a+"%$'o& d% !o$&o*"da!"#$ 9+"!a &% &"% *a &""%$'% &%!%$!"a d% "$(%!!"#$< 1. Pr%/*o6 %& $ /*"do +"&!")*% !(a /$!"#$ %& &%parar *a r%&"$a d% po&")*%& !o$'a+"$a$'%& ( *"+p"ar *a &p%r/"!"% d% *o& ra$o& d% ar%$a para propor!"o$ar $a +a(or ad,%r%$!"a %$'r% *a r%&"$a ( *o& ra$o&. 2. R%&"$a6 $a 8% 9% 'odo& *o& /*"do& !o$'a+"$a$'%& &o$ r%+o8"do& &% pro!%d% a *a "$(%!!"#$ d% *a &o*!"#$ r%&"$ada %$ *o& poro& d% *a /or+a!"#$6 %7"&'% $ d%&p*aa+"%$'o "$+"&!")*% ,a!"a %* pr%/*o. E&'a &o*!"#$ &% %$!%$'ra !o$&'"'"da por r%&"$a6 &o*8%$'%6 a%$'%& d% !ra ( $ !a'a*"ador o a!'"8ador. ?. Po&'/*o6 %& $ /*"do "$+"&!")*% !(a /$!"#$ %& r%+o8%r %* %7!%&o d% p*&'"!o d% *o& poro&. E* po&'/*o %& d"&%4ado para !o$'ro*ar %* %&p%&or d% *a !)"%r'a p*&'"!a6 ( por %$d%6 %* %&/%ro d% !o+pr%&"#$ ( *a p%r+%a)"*"dad 9% r%&*'a %$ *a /or+a!"#$ *%o d% ap*"!ar %* +:'odo.
.0 S&)*(#$ /"$;$ - "()&'$. E&'% +:'odo d% !o$'ro* d% ar%$a !o+)"$a *a ':!$"!a d% %+pa9% !o$ ra8a ( *a !o$&o*"da!"#$ p*&'"!a.
D();('*$$) ,(+ #<*!,!:
Toda& *a& p%r/ora!"o$%& d%)%$ &%r !)"%r'a& 'o'a*+%$'% para a& *orar $ %+pa9% !o$&o*"dado %/%!'"8o.
E& r%9%r"do +!,o '"%+po d% 'a*adro.
No ap*"!a)*% %$ "$'%r8a*o& *aro& >?0=.
La ap*"!a!"#$ d%* &"&'%+a ra8a r%&"$a &% %$!%$'ra *"+"'ado a poo& 9% &%a$ !apa!%& d% a!%p'ar &/"!"%$'% ra8a ( !o$ '%+p%ra'ra& d% /or+a!"#$ +%$or%& d% 250HF.
. G"$;$ "(%&("*$ %!' "()&'$. S%;$ %&p%!"/"!a!"#$ API6 &% )o+)%a ra8a d% a*'a p%r+%a)"*"dad6 *a !a* %&' r%!)"%r'a por $a !apa d%*ada d% r%&"$a6 d%$'ro d%* poo ,a&'a **%$ar por !o+p*%'o *a& p%r/ora!"o$%& ( *a ')%ra d% r%8%&'"+"%$'o.
V('*$$) ,(+ #<*!,!:
No &% r%9"%r% *a '"*"a!"#$ d% r%&"$a& dra$'% %* pro!%&o.
No r%9"%r% *a '"*"a!"#$ d% *"$%r o r%"**a&.
S" *a '%+p%ra'ra d% /o$do %&'a a*r%d%dor d% *o& 1?0HF6 $o &% r%9"%r%$ !a'a*"ador%&.
M%$o& !o&'o&o 9% *o& +:'odo& d% !o$&o*"da!"#$ p*&'"!a.
E* /*"do d% d%&p*aa+"%$'o p%d% &%r aa o &a*+%ra.
D();('*$$) ,(+ #<*!,!:
No &% r%!o+"%$da %$ /or+a!"o$%& !o$ '%+p%ra'ra& +a(or%& d% 200HF.
S%$&")*% a !"do&6 &o*8%$'%& or$"!o& ( a*$a& &a*+%ra& /%r'%&6 dra$'% %* pro!%&o d% !ra. !"do& ( a*$a& &a*+%ra& '"%$d%$ a a!%*%rar %* pro!%&o d% !o$&o*"da!"#$6 +"%$'ra& 9% *o& &o*8%$'%& or$"!o& '"%$d%$ a d"&o*8%r %* p*&'"!o.
A*'a& pro)a)"*"dad%& d% "$"!"ar&% *a !o$&o*"da!"#$ %$ *a ')%ra. L%o d% *a !o$&o*"da!"#$ %* p*&'"!o $o %& %&'a)*% !o$ '%+p%ra'ra& +a(or%& d% @50HF.
E* &o d% ra8a& r%!)"%r'a& !o$ r%&"$a& &% r%!o+"%$da %$ poo& d% "$(%!!"#$ d% aa6 ( d% 8apor do$d% *a& '%+p%ra'ra& $o %7!%da$ *o& @50HF6 %$ ar%$a& $o !o$&o*"dada& ( para a9%**o& poo& do$d% *a& /a**a& d% *o& %+pa9%& !o$ ra8a &o$ /r%!%$'%&.
T$+$ 2.1. T"%+po d% !o$&o*"da!"#$ d% a!%rdo a *a '%+p%ra'ra d% %7po&"!"#$
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