viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
1-niymn½y ³ kargarsagsg;KIKCakarRbmU ICakarRbmUlpþ úpþ ú ni M nigkareRbIR)as; R)as; énmU énmUlFn lFn nigbu gbuKÁKÁlilkÉkeTs ikÉkeTs
sMPar³ ]bkrN_edI edIm,I m,Isagsg; b¤ b¤pÁp MÁútelI eM lIg GV ImYmyeTAtambø YyeTAtambøg;g; nigki gkic©cs© nüa Edl)anerobcMedIm,IbMbMerI eTAtameKalbMNgrbs;m©m©as;sMsNg; MNg;. karRKb;RKgkargarsM RKgkargarsMNg; Ng; KWCakareRbI R)as; R)as;nvRbPBFnFansM vU RbPBFnFansMNg; Ng; . kalNaeKniyayGM yayGMBRbPB IRbPB FnFansMNg; Ng; eKEtgEtKitGMBIBRbPBFnFansM IRbPBFnFansMNg;sMsxan; Mxan;² TaMg4KW g4KW ³ ³ - htßBli Blik manpower - eRKOgcRk machine Par³ materials - sMPar³ - fvika ka money karrKb;RKgTak;TgeTAni TgeTAnig kareRbIR)as; R)as;eGaymanRbsiT§PaB PaB nigTan; gTan;eBlevla nUvRbPaBFnFan vRbPaBFnFan TaMg4 g4 sMrab;KMKeragsagsg; Meragsagsg;KMKeragGV MeragGV ImYmYy . manbBaðaCaeRcInEdlRtU nEdlRtUvykmkBi vykmkBicarNa enAkñgeBlRKb; úgeBlRKb;RKgKM RKgKMerag erag nigfaetI gfaetIeRbIRbPBFnFanenaH RbPBFnFanenaH dUcemþ cemþcedI cedIm,I m,IeGay)aneCaKC½ eGay)aneCaKC½y ? manbBaðaxø axøHCabBaðabec© abec©keTsdU keTsdUcCa cCa ³ arBum< - karKNnakþarBu PaBéneGsáav:aT½ aT½r - smtßPaBéneGsá erc - kargarsMerc eRkABIenaHenAmanbBaðadéTeTotEdlmanlkç adéTeTotEdlmanlkçN³CaKu N³CaKuNPaB NPaB dUcCa cCa ³ - karCMrurujBlkmµ kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
1
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
nak;TMTngBlkmµ MngBlkmµ - TMnak; lxusRtUvtampø vtampøvc,ab; vÚ c,ab; - karTTYlxu vtßiPaBenAkñ PaBenAkñgkardæ úgkardæanan - suvtß GñkRKb; kRKb;RKgkargarsMNg; Ng; KWCaGñ CaGñkem:AkarTUeTA b¤CaGñkRbw kRbwkSasM kSasMNg; Ng; EdlGnu EdlGnuvtþkargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsM Ng;eRkamrUbPaBénki bPaBénkic©c©snüaesvakmµviviC¢CaCI ¢aCIv³ CamYynigm©as;sMsng; Mng; . . kMLú LgeBlcab; úgeBlcab;epþ ImerobcM merobcMKMKM erag GñkEdlCaGñ kEdlCaGñkRKb;RKgkargarsM RKgkargarsMNg; Ng; RtU RtUvEtCY vEtCYym© ym©as;sMsMNg; ni nigsßabtükr edaypþl;l;nUnUvBt’man man nigesckþ IENnaM GMBIBIbec©kvi kviTüasMNg; Ng; ni nigbBað gbBaðaesdækikc©ci . © . GñkRKb;RKgkargarsMNg; Ng;k_k_GacerobcMKM erag):an;RbmaNtMél kñ úkñ úgeBlcab;epþ Im nig)a:nRbmaNtM R; bmaNtMélsM élsMerc eRkayeBlbBa©b;Éksarkic©c© snüa . eRkABIenHGñ enHGñkRKb;RKgkargarsM RKgkargarsMNg; Ng;enAmankargarbEnßmeTotdU meTotdUcCa cCa ³ - karENnaMkgkarCav]bkrN_ ñ ú úgñ karCav]bkrN_ Par³ - sMPar³ ti üeLIgvi gvijnU jnUvKM vKMeragbø eragbøg;g ni; nig specifications - karBintüeLI - erobcMtaragRbti taragRbtiTin - pþlnUn; vr)aykarN_ Uvr)aykarN_EdlTak; EdlTak;TgeTAnigkargarKM gkargarKMerag erag GñkRKb; kRKb;RKgkargarsM RKgkargarsMNg;RtU RtUveRbIR)as; R)as;nvcM vU cMeNHdwg TaMgLayedI gLayedIm,Ipl;lþ ;nvkarENnaM vU karENnaM EdlTak;Tg eTAnig kargarnimYmYy² y² nigCY gCYysM ysMrYrYldl;karedjéfø karedjéfø . . eRkABIenHRtUveFV veFVkarvi kI arviPaKeTAelI PaKeTAelIkaredjéfø karedjéfø CMnYnYsPaKI sPaKIm©mas; ©as;sMNg; Ng; ehI ehIypþl;l;karENnaM karENnaMdl; dl;m©m©as;sNg; N M g; kñ kñgkarRbKl; gú karRbKl;kargarsagsg; kargarsagsg;eTAeGayGñ eTAeGayGñk edjéføNamY NamYy . kñgeBlsagsg; gú eBlsagsg;GñkRKb;RKgkargarsMNg; GacbM GacbMerIerIesva CaGñkem:AkarTUeTA b¤CaPñ CaPñak;garbs;m©m©as; sMNg; edI edIm,IeFVIeGaykarGnu eGaykarGnuvtþ vtþKMeragRtUveTAtam veTAtam Éksarkic©c©snüa nigk,Ü gk,Ünc,ab; nc,ab;hihrBaØ irBaØvtß vtßú . kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
2
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
enAeBlEdledIrtYCaPñak; ak;gar rbs;m©as;sMNg; Ng; Gñ GñkRKb; kRKb;RKgkargarsM RKgkargarsMNg; Ng; RtU RtUvTTYlyk nUvtY vtYnaTI naTICa m©as; as;kñkgkarsagsg; ñgú karsagsg; nigcat; gcat;Ecgbu EcgbuKlilÁ ik. 3-]sSahkmµsMNg; ³ ³
]sSahkmµsNg; MNg;KWCaEpñkmY kmYyénesdæ yénesdækikic©Cati. kargarsagsg; mantaMgBI gBIkarsagsg;lMlMenAsß enAsßanan pø Úvfñl eragcRk ; eragcRk nig TMnb; nb;TwTwk . edIm,I m,IeGayyl; eGayyl;dwdgeGayc,as; wgeGayc,as;nv]sSahkmµ Uv]sSahkmµsMsNg; MNg; eKEbgEckCa eKEbgEckCa 3RbePTKW ³ ³ Ng;GKar GKar - sMNg; - sMNg; Ng;vivsVisVkmµ kmµ ni nig Ng;]sSahkmµ ]sSahkmµ - sMNg; k- sMNg;GKar ³
sMNg;GKarKW GKarKWCasMng; ng;TaM TaMgLayNaEdlbM gLayNaEdlbMerIerIeGay eGay karrs;enA enA karsikSa BaNiC¢kmµ nig kEnøglMEh kay .KMeragsM eragsMNg;GKarrY GKarrYmmansM mmansMNg; Ng;kariyal½ yal½y mCÆmNÐl haglk;TMnij mCÆmNÐlkI lkILa La FnaKarnigGkarvb,Fm’ gGkarvb,Fm’. CaTUeTAKM eTAKMeragsM eragsMNg; Ng;GKar GKar RtUverobcM verobcMeLI eLIgedaysß gedaysßabtükr rYmCamY mCamYyvi yvisVsVkr sMPar³sMrab; rab;sNg; N M g;enHKW enHKWsgá sgátF¶F; ¶n;n eTAelI ; eTAelIesaP½NPaBEpñ NPaBEpñkxagkñ ú kxagkñ úg nigxageRkA gxageRkA .
x- sMNg; Ng;visVkmµ ³ kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
3
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
sMNg;vivsViskV mµCaTUeTAvaTak;TgeTAni TgeTAnig eRKOgbgÁ ú ú eRKOgbgÁ MsNg; N M g;EdlerobcM EdlerobcMeLI eLIgedayvi gedayvisVskr Vkr ]TahrN_dUcCa pø Úvfñl s< ; s
K- sMNg;]sSahkmµ ³
sMNg;]sSahkmµ ]sSahkmµEtgEtTak;TgeTAni TgeTAnig KMeragbec©keTsx
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
4
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
karRbtibtþikarN_sagsg; sagsg;
PaKIm©as;sMNg; ³ m©as;sMsNg; MNg;Gacnw GacnwgeFV geFV IkarEsV karEsVgyl; gyl;edayxø ÜnÉg GMBlMlI MenAsß enAsßaneday aneday
GaRs½yeTAnwg cMnnsmaCi YnsmaCikénRkumRKY mRKYsar sar edayELkcMeBaHm©as;Rkumh‘unk¾ nk¾dUdcKñ UcKñapgEdr . edIm,I eqø IytbeTAni ytbeTAnigkarGPivDÄn_ vDÄn_Epñkbec©kviTüa Tüa kñgenaHpgEdrk¾ gú enaHpgEdrk¾RtU RtUvEsV vEsVgyl; GM GMBTIITIRku Rkugkñ gkñgkarbegá gú karbegá In ehfarcnasm<½n§n§ b¤k¾k¾kargarGPivDÄn_ vDÄn_edIm,Ifvika ka tamtMrUrvkarTI vU karTIpSar. hirBaØ rBaØvtß vtßú KW KWCaRbPBmY CaRbPBmYyEdl yEdl manGtßny½ y:agsMxan; xan;bMbMputsMrab;m©m©as;sMsNg; MNg; EdlGacQancUleTAkñ leTAkñgú rebobénkarsagsg;)an )an b¤mimin )an . fvikasM kasMrab; rab;sagsg; sagsg;GacTTYl)ankmBI l)ankmBIkEnøgpÞ gpÞal; b¤k¾k)anmkBI )¾ anmkBI RbPBshB½n§n§ k¾ k¾bub :uEnþkñ úk úñgcMeNamkrNI eNamkrNITaMgGs; gGs;xagelI xagelI m© m©as;sMNg; Ng;kRtU R¾ tUvEtbg;Bn§CUCnrdæ UnrdæEdr Edr . manKMeragxø eragxøHGnuvtþ vtþn_nedayKN³kmµ _edayKN³kmµkarénsMNg; Ng; . . kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
5
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
x-m©as;sNg; N M g;ÉkCn ³
fvikakñ ú akñ úgkarsagsg;PaKeRcI PaKeRcIn)antamry³pÞ n)antamry³pÞal; al;BIBImas; ©as;sMsMNg;Etmþ EtmþgeBalKW ³ - m©as;sMsMNg; Ng;sMsMrab;lMlMenAsß enAsßanan - m©as;sMsMNg; Ng;sMsMrab;bMberIMerIplitkmµ tkmµ b¤ b¤esvakmµ esvakmµ m©as; as;sMsMNg;ÉkCnCajw ÉkCnCajwkjab;Kat; Kat;eRcI eRcIneFV neFVCam© CI am©as; as;KMKeragenAkñ MeragenAkñgeBlsagsg; gú eBlsagsg;Etmþ Etmþg . CaFmµtam© tam©as; as; sMNg;EtgEtRtY EtgEtRtYtBi tBinintüeTAelI itüeTAelIEpñk ³ - esdækic©c© - TIpSar - hirBavtß ú rBavtß ú - TItaM taMg nigrU grUbPaB bPaB kñ úkñ úgeKalbMNgedI NgedIm,I m,IeFV eFV IeGayTTY eGayTTYl)anR)ak;cMcMNU Nltamry³lk; Ultamry³lk; b¤ b¤CYCYlrh½s . 2-viC¢CaCI ¢aCIv³Gñ v³GñkKU kKUrbøg ³ ; ³ 2-1 ³ sßabtükr ³ mantYnaTI naTITTYlxu lxusRtU sRtUvkñ vkñgkarbkRsay gú karbkRsay niggPivDÄn_ vDÄn_bøbøg;geTAtamtM ;eTAtamtMrUrUvkarrbs; vkarrbs; m©as;sNg; N M g; nigKU gKUrbgð rbgðajeTAGñkem: Akarsagsg; kem: Akarsagsg; edI edIm,IGnuvtþ vtþneGay)ansu e_ Gay)ansuRki Rkitkñgkar)a: gú kar)a:ntMt; él Mél k¾ dUceFV ceFV IeTAtamtaragRbtiTiTinkargar edIm,I m,IGnu Gnuvtþ vtþeTAtambø eTAtambøg;lMlMGtni ti nimYmy² Yy² TaMgenHKWCakarTTY CakarTTYlxus RtUvTaMgRsu gRsugrbs; grbs;sßsabtükr ßabtükr . sßabtükrRtUvmansmtß vmansmtßPaB PaB CMnajc,as;las; las; kñ ú úkñgkarrcnabø gkarrcnabøgeTAtamsmamaRtebobKNi ;eTAtamsmamaRtebobKNitvi tviTüa Tüa edIm,I m,ItMtrUMrUveTAtamesckþ IRtU RtUvkarrbs;mÞmas; Þas;s M;Ng; . .
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
6
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
³ visVkr kr ³ CaGñkelI kelIkKMeragEpñ eragEpñkrcnasm< krcnasm<½n§n§ GKÁ isnI snI emkanic RbB½n§n§TwTwks¥at at nigRbB½ gRbB½n§n§TwTwkkxV kkxVk;k; . .
3- viC¢CaCI ¢aCIv³v³ kñ úkñ úgkarsagsg; ³ Gñkem: Akarsagsg; em: Akarsagsg;CaBakü CaBakü EdleKeRbITUTUeTA eTA cMeBaHGñ eBaHGñkEdlman kEdlman GaCIBTTY BTTYlxu lxusRtUv RKb;skmµ skmµPaBTaM PaBTaMgGs; gGs;énkarsagsg; énkarsagsg; eKTaM eKTaMgenaHeFV genaHeFV IkardU kardUcCa cCa Gñkem: AkarTU kem: AkarTUeTA eTA b¤CaGñ CaGñkcat; kcat;Ecg . Gñk):an;an;RbmaNtM RbmaNtMél él Gñk):an;an;tMtélRtU MélRtUveFVkarCamY kI arCamYyni ynigbø gbøg;g; ehIyRtU yRtUvEtsikSaeGay)ansBV kSaeGay)ansBVRKb;TaMgGs; gGs;énGKar énGKar . GñkeFV keFV ItaragRbtiTinkargar GñkeFV ItaragRbti taragRbtiTinkargar RtUveFV veFVkarTak; kI arTak;Tgy:agCi agCitsñT§Ti §CamYyGñkEdleFV kEdleFV Ikñgkari gú kariyal½ yal½y nigGñ gGñk EdleFV IkarenAelIkardæ kardæan . 3-3 ³Pñak;garTi garTijb¤ jb¤CavsM CavsMPar³ ³ KWCamnusSEdlmantY sSEdlmantYnaTI naTI CaGñ CaGñkccar edIm,ITTY TTYl)annUv tMéld¾ éld¾smrmü mYy ehIynigeFV geFV IeGay eGay kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
7
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
R)akdfa kñgkM úgkMLú LgeBlsagsg; úgeBlsagsg; RKb;sPar³EdlCatM MPar³EdlCatMrUrUvkar vkar RtUvpþ vpþl;leGayTan; ;eGayTan;eBlevla Edl)an kMNt; Nt; . . CaFmµtaPñ taPñak;garTij - dUr RtUvCY vCYbCamY bCamYyGñkem: Akarbnþ kem: Akarbnþ edIm,I m,IBiBinitüeLIgvi gvij nUvlkçx½½x½NÐ NÐ nigRBM gRBMEdnénkargar Ednénkargar . 3-4 ³ emkar ³ emkarKWCamnu CamnusSEdlcg¥ ú sSEdlcg¥ úlR)ab; b¤ b¤bgðajGM ajGMBIBIPaBEdlGaceFV I)an )an b¤mimin)an nigdw gdwknaM knaMkargarfaetI kargarfaetI GKar EdlRtUvsagsg; vsagsg;enaHRtw enaHRtwmRtU mRtUvtambø vtambøg;g;Edrb¤eT ?
4 KMrUrUénRbtþbtþ bi tþ ikarsagsg; ³ Rbtþ ibtþkarsagsg; ki arsagsg;rYrYmpSMeLI eLIgedayki gedaykic©karCaeRcIn EdlkargarnImy² Yy² tMrUrveGayGnu vU eGayGnuvtþeTAtam eTAtam bec©keTsEbøk² tammuxCMnajnI najnImYmYy² . eKerobcMkargarTaM kargarTaMgenaH edIm,Ibegá ItCaEpnkarrY tCaEpnkarrYmmY mmYy. y. RbePT nigTMnak; nak;TMTngrvagkargarTaM MngrvagkargarTaMgenaHman genaHman ³ - eRKOgcRk - sMPar³sagsg; EdlkargarTaMgenaHGnu genaHGnuvtþ vtþedayemCag edayemCag kmµkr kr nigGñ gGñkbec© kbec©keTs. keTs. dUecñHedI HedIm,I m,IeGaydMeNI eNIrkarN_ rkarN_ sagsg;RbRBwteTaedayPaBrlU eþ TaedayPaBrlUnenaHeKRtUvEbgEck vEbgEck RbePTeRKOgcRk nigsM gsMPar³sagsg; Par³sagsg; EdlRtU EdlRtUv kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
8
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
eRbIeGaysmRsbni eGaysmRsbnigc,as; gc,as;las; las; . . RKb;dMdMeNI eNIrkarsagsg; rkarsagsg;TaM TaMgGs;RtUveFV veFVkartamdan kI artamdan nigRtY gRtYtBi tBintü ti ü CaRbcaM. kñ ú úkñgdM gdMeNI eNIrkarsagsg; rkarsagsg;CatM CatMbUbUgeKRtUv erobrab;eGayGs; eGayGs;nUnUvbri vbrimaN maN nigRbePTFnFan gRbePTFnFan Edl RtUveRbIcMceBaHkargarmY MeBaHkargarmYy b¤cMeBaHkargarTaMgGs; gGs;. kalNaeKkMNt;sMPar³]bkrN_ Par³]bkrN_ _)anehI )_ anehIy vaeFV I eGaymanPaBgayRsYlkñ lkñgkarkM gú karkMNt; Nt;kMkMlaMgBlkmµ . . taragbgðajBIldab; dM ab;fñfñak; ak;kñ úk úñgkarRKb;RKgsMNg; Ng; GgÁkarcat; karcat;taM taMg - rcnasm½
9
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
Rbtibtþ btþikarN_ karN_ pþ ú pþ úeTAelI eM TAelIskmµ PaBenAelI PaBenAelIkardæ kardæan - karRtYtBi tBinintüeTAelI itüeTAelIvFIFi saRsþ IsaRsþsagsg; - karsMercPar³ki ercPar³kic©c© - bBa¢ Iraynamki raynamkic©kar - bUksrubkargar bkargar tMNak; Nak;kar - lMdab; dab;lMledaysM MedaysMxan;²énbec©kviTüa - BininitüEpñknImy²énRbtþ yY ²énRbtþbtþ bi tþikarN_ karN_ Par³kic©kargar - skmµPaBkargarelIkardæ kardæanan smtßPaBkargarrbs; PaBkargarrbs;BYBkeK YkeK - kic©karsMxan;²kñgCM gú CMnajnI najnImYy ²
5- Rbtþibtþ btþ ikarpÞ karpÞnÜ ² enAkñgkargarsagsg; gú kargarsagsg;CaFmµtamankargarCaeRcInEdlRtUveFVpÞp ÜI Þn ²dUcCa ³ - karcak;ebtu ebtug - kartMelIgsésEdk gsésEdk - karerob\dæ - karbukRKwH - karcak;CeNþIr - kargarbUk kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
10
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
- kardak;TVTVarni arnigbg¥ gbg¥ Üc - karerobkarU - karRbk;tMtMbUbUl - kartMelI elIgRbB½n§n§Gnam½ Gnam½y - kartMelIgRbB½ gRbB½n§n§GKÁ isnI snI ni nigbrikçkçaRtCak; kargarTaMgenH genH CaskmµPaBEdlekIteLI teLIgdEdl²ehI gdEdl²ehIyCYnkalenAkñ ú ú nkalenAkñgkardæ gkardæanmY anmYyekI yekItmaneLIg pÞ Ün²KñaCaeRcInRku nRkum .
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
11
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
emeronTI ³3 viC¢aCIv³RKb;RKgkarsagsg ;; dUcCaeQµ cCaeQµaHEdl)anbBa¢ak; viC¢CaCI ¢aCIv³RKb;RKgkarsagsg; RKgkarsagsg; KW KWCaGaCI CaGaCIBmY BmYyEdlPaKI yEdlPaKIm©m©as;sNg; N M g;b¤b¤Rku Rkum h‘ u h‘ un CYl edIm,I m,IbMbeBjesva MeBjesva CaGñkRKb; kRKb;RKgkarsagsg; CM Construction management. CM RtUv )anm©as;sMsNg; MNg;RtUvCY vCYlCamu lCamun taMgBImimnTan; inTan;cab;epþ epþmKU mI KUrbøg ni ; nigkargarsagsg;miminTan; nTan;cab; cab;epþ Im . CMKW CaGñkeFV keFV IkarCYsm© sm©as; as;sMsMNg; . . kMLú LgeBLEdlbø úgeBLEdlbøg;kMkMBgdM gu dMeNI eNIrkarKUr CM RtUvRtY vRtYtBi tBininitüCa RbcaMnUnUv ³ - tMél él - eBlevla EdlGacbnßy b¤bBa© bBa©úHtMél)anxøH .
CaGñkeFV keFVkaredI kI aredIm,IbMberIMerIplRbeyaCn_eGayPaKIm©m©as; as;sMsMNg; ehI ehIyCaFmµ yCaFmµtaRtU taRtUv)anTTY v)anTTYlkMérBI érBI
CM
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
12
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
13
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
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r)aykarN_RbcaM RbcaMéf¶ éf¶ éf¶TITI-----------Ex---------qñaMaM--------éf¶
muxgar xgar ³ GtifCn Ci n ³ Gñkem: Akar kem: Akar ³ GñkRKb; kRKb;RKgsMNg; Ng; ³ ³
GakasFatu ³ sututI uNPaB Pð aB ³ xül; ³ sMeNI eNIm ³
kMlaM laMgCamFümenAelIkardæ kardæan ³ eQµaHGñ aHGñkem: kem:Akar edayéd
eRbIeRKOgm:asu In
kMNt; Nt;sMsKal; MKal;
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14
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
htßelxa-----------------tY elxa-----------------tYnaTI naTI-------------------------------
15
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
eQµaHKM aHKMerag erag ³
éf¶Exqñ ExqñaMaM ³ elxlMdab; dab;kargar kargar
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Gñkem: Akar kem: Akar ³ viskr kV r ³
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efr³evlaénki iic©snüaKi iitCaEx kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
16
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
23
24
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
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17
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
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emeronTI ³4 ³4
kic©snüasagsg; 1-briyakasénkic©snüa ³
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18
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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19
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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20
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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21
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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22
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viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
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23
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
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kñgTM gú TMrg; rg;kikc©ci ©snüaRKb; snüaRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg; R R kukmh‘ u u mu h‘nmY nmYyRtUv)anrkSasM v)anrkSasMrab; rab;karsM karsMrHsM uHsMrlY skmµPaBkargarcab; taMgBI gBIeKalKM eKalKMnintrcna itrcna rhUtdl; tdl;cb;kargarKM kargarKMerag erag . Rkumh‘ u mh‘ unenHCatMNagm© Nagm©as;sMsMNg; Ng;RKb; RKb;skmµ skmµPaBkargarsagsg;TaM TaMgGs; gGs;. Rkumh‘ u u mh‘n RKb;RKgsMNg ; ; Ng mantYnaTI naTIRtYtBi tBintücracrB½ ti ücracrB½t’man kñ úkñ úgcMeNamPaKI eNamPaKITaM TaMgGs ; ;EdlTak Tgni ;TgnigK gK Merag erag .Rkumh‘ uh‘ unenHCa Gñkbegá kbegá ItTMrg;énkarpþ énkarpþl;lki;kic©snüa eTAeGaysßabtükr abtükr visVsVkr nigGñkem:Akarbnþ . . enAkñgkarRKb; gú karRKb;RKgenH Rkumh‘ u u mh‘nRKb; nRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg; Ng; edayeRbItaragRbtiTiTnkargar inkargar dUcCaEpnTI cCaEpnTIpøpøvÚ edIm,I m,I eFV IeGaykargarsM eGaykargarsMNg; Ng;TaM TaMgGs;RbRBwteTAtameBlevlakM eþi TAtameBlevlakMNt;.
m©as;sMsMNg; Ng; Rkumh‘ u mh‘ unRKb;RKgsMNg; Ng;
sßabtükr abtükr -visVkr kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
Gñkem: AkarTI kem: AkarTI1 24
Gñkem: AkarTI em: AkarTI2 erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
GñkpÁtpÁp; ÁgTIT; 1I
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
GñkpÁ kpÁtpÁp; g;Ág;T2I
GñkpÁtpÁ;pÁg;TI3
karRtYtBinitüEpnkareBlevla 1-karRtYtBinitüeBlevlaKM üeBlevlaKMerag ³
GñkRKb; kRKb;RKgkargarsMNg; Ng;RtUvRtYtBi tBininitükargarCaeRcInenAelI nenAelIkardæ kardæansM ansMNg; .ki .kic©c©karsMxan; xan;bMbMpuptenA tu enA kñgkargarRtY gú kargarRtYtBintüKW ti üKW ³ ³ karRtYtBintüeBlevla ti üeBlevla karRtYtBintütM ti ütMél karRtYtBintüKu ti üKuNPaB NPaB
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
25
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
karRtYtBi tBininitüeBlevlaGaceFV IeTA)anenAkñ ú eTA)anenAkñ úgbribTénkareFV bTénkareFV IEpnkarMKerag Kerag nigkarRtY gkarRtYtBi tBinintüKM itüKMerag. kareFVEpnkarKM EI pnkarKMerag RtUvEtbM vEtbMEbkecjBI EbkecjBIKMKerageTACaEpñ MerageTACaEpñktU ktUc² c² EdlmanPaBgayRsYlkñgkarRtY úgkarRtYt BintüeBlevla ti üeBlevla . kareRbIR)as; Bar chart CaviFIbgðajEpnkareBlevlaénKM ajEpnkareBlevlaénKMerag erag RtUv)aneRbI v)aneRbIR)as; R)as; cab;taMgBI gBIedI edImstvtSTI mstvtSTI20mkemø 20mkemø :H. vaRtUv)anbegáteLI tI eLIgCabec© gCabec©keTs keTs énkareFVEpnkareBlvla. IEpnkareBlvla. eKalKMnitCamUldæanén Bar chart KWCatM CatMNagénskmµ NagénskmµPaBTaM PaBTaMgLayrbs; gLayrbs;KMerag Edlkñ ú ú EdlkñgenaHdU genaHdUcCa cCa xñateBlevlaRbEvgrbs; ateBlevlaRbEvgrbs;vatMNageGayry³eBlénskmµPabEdleRKagTu PabEdleRKagTuk . Bar chart
kargarKMerag erag
efr³evlaeRKagTuk 1 kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
2
3 26
4
rgVas;eBlevlaKMerag erag ( s)aþh_ h_ Ex ) erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
bgðajBI ajBIkargarmY kargarmYyEdlRtU yEdlRtUvkarÉktaeBlevlasM vkarÉktaeBlevlasMrab; rab;KMeragcMnYnYn4 ehIyrgV yrgVas; as;eBlevla eBlevla GacKitCa tCa s)aþh_ b¤ b¤ Ex. Bar chart GacsßtenAelI ti enAelIbnÞ bnÞat;eBlevlaedI eBlevlaedIm,I m,IbBa¢ bBa¢ak;GBIBM ItaragsMrab; rab; karcab;epþ epþmI karGnuvtþ vtþ ni nigkarbBa©b;KMKerag Merag . kñgkarGnu gú karGnuvtþ vtþRbEvgén Bar chart k_RtU RtUv)aneRbI v)aneRbIR)as; R)as;CamUldæanénRkahV icsMrab;kMkMNt; karbM karbMeBjkar garBitR)akdénKM tR)akdénKMeragkargar eragkargar . Bar chart
Bar chart
kargarKMerag erag
sMerc)an erc)an 50% rgVas;kargarsMerc)anCa erc)anCa % Bar chart xagelI)anbgð )anbgðaj kargarrbs;KMKeragEdl)anbBa© MeragEdl)anbBa©b;bBak; ;Bak;kNþ kNþal al . enAkñgsß úgsßanPaBEdl el,OnkargarefrehIylkç ylkçxNÐ N ½ Ðmldæ lU dæanGnuBaØ BaØat .RbsinebI nebIel,OnkargarCak; el,OnkargarCak;Esþ EsþgmankarERbRbY gmankarERbRbYl BImyeBleTAmY yY eBleTAmYyeBl vaGaRs½yelIkareRbI kareRbIR)as; R)as;FnFanni FnFannig lkçx½x½NmUmÐ ldæ UldæansMPar³ ehIyPaBqab; yPaBqab; b¤yW ytvak_ Wtvak_GaRs½ GaRs½yelI yelIktþ ktþaenHEdr aenHEdr . kñgkrNI gú krNIenH Bar chart edIrtYCa taragEpnkarKMrU ni nigCakarRtYtBi tBinintür)aykarN_ itür)aykarN_KMKrUMrU . kñ úkñ úgkareRbI R)as; Bar chart enH RbEvgén Bar chart mann½y2xu y2xusKñaKW aKW ³ ³ - RbEvgén Bar chart tagry³eBlénkargarEdleRKagTuk vU TMhsmamaRtEdlbgð sM mamaRtEdlbgðajBI ajBIPaKrybBa© PaKrybBa©b;bkargarrbs; ;kargarrbs;KMKerag Merag - va)anpþl;nvTM 0
25
50
75 100
Bar chart
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
27
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
A
B
C
Ex bgðajGM ajGMBIBItarageBlevlasMrab; rab;KMKeragEdlpSM MeragEdlpSMeLI eLIgedayskmµ gedayskmµPaB3 PaB3 ABC .skmµPaB A RtUv)anGnu v)anGnuvtþ vtþenA4ExtM enA4ExtMbUg skmµPaB B RtUv)anGnu v)anGnuvtþ vtþenA4ExcugeRkay nig skmµPaB PaB C RtUv)anGnu v)anGnuvtþ vtþenAkñ ú nAkñ úgExTI2nigTI3 . kñgvi gú viFIenHsßanPaBvg; anPaBvg;énKM énKMeragGacKUsenAelI senAelI EdlCaCMnYnYysM ysMrab; rab;kargarRKb;RKgKM RKgKMerag. kareRbIrUrUbPaBenAelI eyIgGaceRbI gGaceRbIrbPaBepSg² UbPaBepSg² EdlGacbBa¢ak; ak;BIBIkarrIkcM kcMerIerInRbcaM nRbcaMEx Ex edIm,I m,IQaneTArkkarbBa©b;bénskmµ ;énskmµPaBKM PaBKMerag erag . GacBRgIkeLIgedaybM gedaybMEbkKMerageTA CaskmµPaBkargartU PaBkargartUc²eTot EtskmµPaBTaM PaBTaMgenaHminelI nelIsBI sBI 50 %eLIy . 1
2
3
4
5
Bar chart
Bar chart
Bar chart
Bar chart
Bar chart
40%
70%
A
15%
50%
B
50%
Ex
C 1
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
2 28
3
4
5
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
kMNt;sMKal; ³
PaKryénkargarbB©ab;enAcu enAcugExTI gExTI2 PaKryénkargarbB©ab;enAcu enAcugExTI gExTI3 2-kareFVIEpnkarKMerag erag ³
kñgkareFV gú kareFVEpnkarKM EI pnkarKMerag kargarCaeRcInRtU nRtUv)anbMEbkCaEpñk² b¤skmµPaBCaeRcIn EdlgayRsYlkñ úkñ úg karRtYtBi tBininitüeBlevla nigRKb; gRKb;RKgKMerag erag . edIm,I m,IbgðajBI ajBIkarbMEbkecjCaskmµ EbkecjCaskmµPaBtU PaBtUc² c² sMrab;eFV eFV IEpnkar eyIgelI gelIkykmkKMeragsagsg; sßanIy_eRbg\n§n³tUcmY cmYykmsikSa kSa . CabzmeyIgRtU gRtUvKitGM tGMBIBIdMnak;kalkargar kalkargar .Edlman skmµPaBmandUcteTA cteTA ³ skmµPaBTI PaBTI1 KWkarEknkM karEknkMlaMgkmkardæ gkmkardæanan eRkayerobcMkardæ kardæanrYcehI cehIy karcak;ebtugRKw gRKwHGaceFV HGaceFV Ikar )an. eRkayeBlRKWhebtu hebtugeLIgrWgRKb; gRKb;klaM lM aMgeRKOgbgÁ ú ú eRKOgbgÁ MsNg; N M g;Gaccab;epþ epþmtM mI tMelI elIg)an. g)an. KYkt; kt;sMsM Kal;fa fa kñ ú úkñgkrNI gkrNIenH enH kMralebtu ralebtugsM gsMrab;bMbMerIerIesvakmµ esvakmµ kari kariyal½y nigbnÞb;bGnam½ ;Gnam½ymi yminTan; nTan;cak; cak;enA enA eLIyeT yeT KWcaM caMdl; dl;eBleRKOgbgÁ eBleRKOgbgÁ MúsMsMNg; Ng;tMtelI MelIgrYcehI cehIysi ysin . eRkayBIeRKOgbgÁ ú ú eRKOgbgÁ MtelI MelIgehIytM ytMbUbUl GactMelI elIg ehIyeBlenaHépÞ yeBlenaHépÞGKarTaM GKarTaMgmU gmUlGaccakputBI tBIbri briyakasxageRkA dUecñ ecñHkarcak; Hkarcak;ebtu ebtugEpñ gEpñk kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
29
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
xagkñ ú ú xagkñgénGKarGaccab; génGKarGaccab;epþ epþ Im)an.karcak;kMrakebtugxagkñ ú gxagkñ úgGaccab;epþ epþmCamY mI CamYykargarbegð Iyxag eRkA ehIy nigkargarRbB½n§n§GKÁ isnI ni nigemkani gemkanic k_GacGnuvtþ vtþ)anEdr . dUecñ ecñHetIkargarxagelImanRku manRkumkargarGV IxøxøHcU HcUlrY lrYm ? Rkumskmµ mskmµPaBsM PaBsMxan; xan;²énkargarTaM ²énkargarTaMgenaHKW ³ - karerobcMkardæ kardæan nigCI gCIkkkaydI RKwH - karsagsg;RKw - kartMelI elIgeRKOgbgÁ Mú elIgtMbUl - kartMelI ebtugEpñkxagkñ ú ú xagkñgGKar gGKar - karcak;ebtu - kargarbegð IyxageRkA xagkñ úg - kargarbegð Iyxagkñ ú - kartMelI elIgRbB½n§n§GKÁ GKÁ isnI nigemkani gemkanic
l-r 1 2 3 4 5 6
BN’naskmµPaB karEknkMlaMg karsu Mc,ab;Gnu GnuBaØat at karerobcMkardæanan karerobcMRbB½n§n§ Tw Twk ePø Ig karCIkGagsþ kGagsþkú karCIkreNþ kreNþARKwH
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
efrevla 10 15 8 12 2 5 30
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
karcak;ebtu ebtugRKWH kartMelIgeRKagGKar karerob\dæEpñ Epñkxagmux kareroblMGEpñ GEpñkxageRkA kxageRkA karsagsg;tMtMbUbUl karerobcMsYn karcak;ebtu ebtugkMralxagkñ ú ralxagkñ úg kargarkBa©k; kargarCBa¢agxagkñ gMaM xagkñúg kargarRbB½n§n§GKÁ isnI ni nigRbB½ gRbB½n§ kargareFV ITUTUeFñ eFñ Ir kargarerobkarU: kargarsMercxagkñ ú ercxagkñ úg kargarRtYtBi tBinitücugeRkay karbMEbkkM EbkkMlaMg
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
8 10 14 4 15 12 10 10 10 25 3 6 8 1 3
31
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
1-tMeNIrkarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMPar³ ³
knøgmkGñ gmkGñkEdlmanFnFanehIycg; ycg;eFV Ikarsagsg; karsagsg;GKarrs; GKarrs;enARtU enARtUvrksßabtükredIm,I m,IKUrbøg;g;GKar rbs;Kat; Kat;ninigrkGñ grkGñkem: AkaredI kem: AkaredIm,I m,Isagsg; sagsg; . . Gñkem: Akarsagsg; kem: Akarsagsg;RtU RtUvcu vcuHhtß HhtßelxaelI elxaelIkc©ci snüaCamY ©snüaCamYypÞ ypÞHehI HehIyRtUveKarBtambTbBa¢aepSg² nigbø gbøg;g; rbs;sßsßabtükr. dUecñ ecñHsß HsßabtükrCaGñktMNageGaym©as;pÞpÞHkñgkarsagsg; gú karsagsg; . . rUbbgð bbgðajBIPaKI PaKIkñúgkarsagsg; kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
m©32as; as;pÞpHÞ
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
visVsVkr kr / sßabtükr abtükr sMPar³EdleRbIRtU RtUvGnuvtþeTAtambTbBa¢ eTAtambTbBa¢a nigkarTTY gkarTTYlx lxsRtUv énsßabtükr ehIyGñkem: AkarTU kem: AkarTUeTA eTA RtUvTTY vTTYlxu lxusRtU sRtUvcMeBaHGñ eBaHGñkem: Akarbnþ kem: AkarbnþTMTagLayrbs; MagLayrbs; Üxøxøn . rUbbgðajvtþénsMPar³
bTbBa¢a
tMeNI eNIkarRBmeRBog
karbBa¢nsM ÚnsMPar³
kartMelIg
bTbBa¢a ³
kalNaeKTTYl)anli l)anlixixtGnu itGnuBaØ BaØatsagsg;)anehI )anehIy Gñkem: Akarsagsg; em: Akarsagsg;RtU RtUvEsVgrkTi grkTijsMPar³ Par³ b¤ Rkumh‘ u mh‘ unEckcaysMPar³sagsg; Par³sagsg;Edlxø Edlxønyl; nÜ yl;eXI eXIjfa jfa smrmünigGñ gGñkem: Akarbnþ kem: Akarbnþ .kñ ú .kñ úgkrNIsMsMNg; Fn;tUtUc Gñkem: AkarTU kem: AkarTUeTAGaceFV eTAGaceFVkarsagsg; Ikarsagsg; edaymi edaymin)ac;manGñ manGñkem: A kem: A karbnþeLI eLIy EtebImanGñkem:A karbnþRtU RtUvehAmkcu vehAmkcuHhtß Hhtßelxasagsg;. kú u ugkrNI gñ krNITiTijsM jsMPar³sagsg; Par³sagsg;TkCamu ukCamun Gñkem:AkarTUeTARtU eTARtUvsresrb½ vsresrb½NÑbBa¢aTi aTij EdlnUvkñ vkñgenaHman gú enaHman 5cMNu NcEdlRtU ucEdlRtUvGFi vGFib,ay b,ay ³ l-r eQµaHmu aHmuxTM xTMninij kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
elxkUd
brimaN 33
tMél1Ékta lkçN³Biess htßelxa elxa erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
plitplénb½NbBa¢ bÑ Ba¢aTi aTij nigkic©cRBmeRBog ©RBmeRBog CamYyñ ykem: Akarbnþ ñkem: Akarbnþ tMrUrUveGaycuHhtßelxaCamY elxaCamYyKñ yKñacM acM eBaHral;mumuxTMninijrbs; jrbs;xøxønÜ . 3-tMeNI eNIrkaryl;RBm ³
bøg;gE; dlerobcMeLIgeday sßabtükr visVkr kr CYnkalvami nkalvaminRKb;RKan;eLI eLIydU ydUecñH Gñklk;eRKOgsMNg; Ng; RtUvpþ vpþlkataLú k; ataLúkEdlsþGMGI MBIBsMIsMPar³TaM Par³TaMgenaH genaH nigkarBi gkarBiBN’ BN’nalMG G i t edIm,I m,IeGayGñ eGayGñkbec© kbec©keTs nigCag gCag GaceFV IkarEsVgyl; gyl;ninigeFV geFV IkarsMerc . EpñklM klMGitEdlRtUvpþl;l;mkmanbIcMcMNu NcKW ucKW ³ - KMnUnrrbs; Urrbs;eRKOgsMNg; Ng; - Tinñnn½ñn½yEdlP¢ab;mkCamY mkCamYypli yplitpl - sMPar³KM Par³KMrUrU b¤)a:)a:n;n; RKb;sMsPM ar³EdlykmkeRbIR)as;kñkgkarsagsg; ñgú karsagsg;RtU RtUvmankarRBmeRBogKñ vmankarRBmeRBogKñaBIRKb; RKb;PaKI PaKI eTIbeKkM beKkMNt; Nt; faetIsPar³RbePTNaEdleKRtU MPar³RbePTNaEdleKRtUveRbI veRbIkñkgkarsagsg; ñgú karsagsg; . .
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
34
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
karRtYtBinintütM itütMélKWCaEpñ CaEpñkmYyénkarRKb; yénkarRKb;RKgkñ RKgkñgkarkM gú karkMNt;rkTI rkTItaMgbc© ú bc© úb,nñrbs; rbs;Rkum m h‘h‘nu nigRbsi gRbsiTPaBedI P§ aBedIm,I m,IeGaykargarrI eGaykargarrIkcMerIn nigkareRtomerobcMeFV eFV IR)ak; R)ak;cNay N M ay vatMrUveGayman EpnkarKMeragni eragnigRbB½ gRbB½n§n§r)aykarN_énkarRtYtBi tBinintü itü . Tinñn½yénkarRtYtBi tBinintü itü mansar³sMxan;mimnRtw inRtwmEtenAkñúgkareFVesckþ eI sckþsMsI Merccit bu þ bu :eNÑaHeT bu :Enþ Enþvamansar³sMxan; xan;eTAelIkar )a:)a:n;n;tMtMélrbs; élrbs;Rku Rkumh‘ uh‘ un nigkareFV gkareFV IEpnkarpg eRBaHfaTinñnñn½n½y y kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
35
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
TaMgenaH genaH )anpþl;l;Rbtiskmµ skmµy: y:agsMxan;kñ úk úñgkar):an;RbmaNd_ bmaNd_manRbsi manRbsiT§T§PaB kñ úkñ úgkaredjéføeTA eTA elIKMKMeragfµ I . 2-
kñgkaeeFV gú kaeeFVRbB½ RI bB½nRtY R§ tYtBinintütM itütMélKMerag erag eKmantMNak; Nak;kalCaeRcIndU ndUcCa cCa ³ etIeKmanmU eKmanmUldæanGV Ik úñ úgñ kareFVKMKI eM ragcMNayehIyetImUldæanenaHTak; anenaHTak;TgeTAni TgeTAnigKNnI gKNnIdéT déT eTotrbs;Rkumh‘ u u mh‘n nigmu gmuxgarKNenyüGV IxøH? etIkMkMrténkareFV ti énkareFVtMtI MéllMGit EdlRtUvdak; vdak;eTA eTA kñgtM gú tMélKM élKMeragy: eragy:agNa agNa ? ehIyetIvaCab; vaCab;Tak; Tak;TgeTAni TgeTAnigKNnIdéTdUcemþ cemþcxø cxøH? H? x-EpnkartMélKMerag erag ³
etIR)ak; R)ak;cNayRtU N M ayRtUv)an v)an eRbobeFobKñaenAkñ ú enAkñ úgkar ):an;an;RbmaNtM RbmaNtMély: ély:agdUcemþ cemþc ? etIfvika ka Edl):an;an;sµsµanCab;Tak; Tak;TgeTAnigEpnkarsagsg;ningry³eBlepSgeToty: igry³eBlepSgeToty:agdU agdUcemþ cemþc ? K-karRbmUlTi lTinñn½ytMél él
etITiTinn½nñ yEdlRbmU ½yEdlRbmUl)anmkenaHRtU l)anmkenaHRtUvdak;bBa©leTAkñ ú ú lÚ eTAkñg RbB½n§nr)aykarN_ §r)aykarN_tMtMély:agdU agdUcemþ cemþc/? X-kareFV Ir)aykarN_télKM éM lKMerag erag ³
etIr)aykarN_ r)aykarN_télénKM éM lénKMerag erag manlkçN³Cab;Tak;TgehI TgehIycaM)ac;kgkarRKb; gñ ú úñ karRKb;RKgy: RKgy:agdU agdUc emþc ? g-tMélvisVkmµ ³ ³
edIm,I m,IeFV IeGaytMélcu élcuHTabetI HTabetIeKKY eKKYr eFVIy: yagdU :agdUcemþ cemþc cMeBaHtMélvisVsVkmµ kmµ ? ? 3-R)ak;cMcMNay ³
CMh‘antMbUbUgenAkñgú kareFVRbB½ RI bB½n§nRtY §RtYtBi tBinintütM itütMél kñgkarsagsg; gú karsagsg;KWKWRtUv kMNt; Nt;niymn½yéntM yéntMél kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
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erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
tamEpñk kñgkM úgkMriritmYyénKM yénKMerag erag . tYnaTItbUbM génR)ak; UgénR)ak;cMcNayRtU MNayRtUveFV veFV IplEcktMélsru élsrubénKM bénKMeragmY eragmYynigÉktaRtY gÉktaRtYtBi tBinintüTaM itüTaMg Lay. ÉktanimYmYy²énKW y²énKWCaEpñ CaEpñkmYyénkargar Edl)anvas;EvgenAelI EvgenAelIkardæ kardæan. an. 4-Tinñn½yEdlRbmUl)anBI l)anBIbB¢aIR)ak;Exbu ExbuKÁKÁlkw ³
eKalbMNgénkarRbmUlTinñnñn½nyBI ½yBIbBa¢IR)ak; R)ak;ExbuKÁlwkKW ³ ³ EdlRtUvpþ vpþl;leTAeGayBlkrtamCM ;eTAeGayBlkrtamCMnajni najnimYy² - kMNt;cMcnYMnYnTwkR)ak;EdlRtU relxsMrab;Bn§Gakr Gakr nigcM gcMNayepSg² NayepSg² - rkSaTUrelxsM eKRtUvmanÉksarCaRkdasb¤bNÑ N ½ Ñ EdlmancarGMBIBR)ak; IR)ak;Ex Ex b¤s)þah_ ah_ sM sMrab; rab;eBleFV IkarnimYmYy² rbs;Blkr . 5-R)ak;EdlRtUvbg;pal; aÞ l;nigR)ak;cMNayelI ayelIs ³
Gñkem: AkarcM kem: AkarcMNayR)ak; NayR)ak;enAkñgsM gú sMNg;EdlCab;Bak; Bak;B½B½n§neTAni §eTAnigcM gcMNu NcxageRkam ucxageRkam ³ élpÞal; al;dUdcCa UcCa ³tMélsMPar³ Par³ nigBlkmµ gBlkmµCaedIm - tMélpÞ élRTRTg;plitkmµdUdcCa UcCa ³ R)ak;kMéremkar éremkar éføCYCYlkariyal½y - tMélRTRTg; R)ak;Fanar:ab; ab; rg . élEdlBak;B½n§eTAni TAnigRbtþ ibtþkarN_ ki arN_ningRKb; igRKb;RKgRku RKgRkumh‘nu - tMélEdlBak; kñ úkñ úgkarKNnatMélminpÞal;eKni eKniymyktM ymyktMélmi élminpÞ npÞal; al;Edl)anKNnaxagelI Edl)anKNnaxagelI Ku KuNni NnigemKu gemKuN mYyedI yedIm,IRKbdNþ RKbdNþb;beTAelI ;eTAelItMtMélminpÞal; al;TaM TaMgLay gLay . ]TahrN_ ³ tMélpÞ élpÞal; al;KW 20000 $ . ebIGñGkem: ñkem:AkarkMNt; Nt;ykR)ak; ykR)ak;cMcNaymi MNayminpÞal al ; ; 20% dUecñ ecñHvaesµ HvaesµInig 4000 $ . ebIGñkem: AkarkM em: AkarkMNt;ykR)ak; ykR)ak;cMcMeNj eNj 10% dUecñ ecñHR)ak;edjéfø edjéføsrub kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
37
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
KW 264000 $ .
emeronT
1-esckþIRtUvkarkñ karkñúgkarGnuvtþedI edIm,IeGaymansu GaymansuvtßiPaB P aB ³
karrgrbYs b¤eRKaHfñ eRKaHfñak; ak;EdlekI EdlekItmaneLI tmaneLIgCayfaehtu gCayfaehtukñ ú úgkardæ ñgkardæansagsg; ansagsg; Cabc©½ymY ymYymi yminl¥ enAkñ ú ú enAkñgki gkic©Rbtþbtþ bi tþ isagsg; .eRKaHfñak; ak;eFV eFV IeGayGs; eGayGs;TwTwkR)ak; ni nigeFV geFVeGaykmµ eI Gaykmµkr)ak; kr)ak;TwTkci wkcitþ .eRKaHfñak;mnRtw ni RtwmEtGacekI mEtGacekIteLIgRKb;eBlevlacM eBlevlacMeBaHGñkbec© bec©keTs kmµkrbu krbueNÑ e: NÑaHeT aHeT bu :Enþ EnþvaGacekItmanCasaFarN³pgEdr manCasaFarN³pgEdr . fVt,i tI ,itEteRKaHfñ tEteRKaHfñak;enAkñ ú enAkñ úgkardæansagsg; ansagsg;)anRtU )anRtUvfycuH k_bub :Enþ uEnþbMrgRby½ gu Rby½tñtñnigkarTTYlxus kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
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erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
RtUv RtUvEtbegá vEtbegánkñ ú ú nI kñg]sSahkmµ g]sSahkmµsMNg;EfmeTot. EfmeTot. bBaðaTaM aTaMgGs;enHGñ enHGñkem: kem:Akark_RtUvTTY vTTYl xusRtUvkñ ú ú vkñgkareFV gkareFVGVGI IV² eGaymanPaBRbesIr EdlTaM EdlTaMgenHeKeGayeQµaHfabri aHfabriyakaskargar yakaskargar sMrab; rab;Blkr nigsaFarN³CnTU gsaFarN³CnTUeTApg. eTApg. ktþasMxan; xan;Edlma\T§ Edlma\T§ iBleTAelIkikc©ci ©RbtibtþenHKW ei nHKW ³ ³ mnusSCati - karykcitTuTþ ukdak;eTAelImnu élEdlmanlkçN³esdæ N³esdækikic ni © nigR)ak;cMeNj eNj - tMélEdlmanlkç - c,ab;saFarN³ 2-karykcitþTkdak; ku dak;eTAelImnusSCati sSCati ³
tYnaTITmYmI yrbs; Yyrbs;sgÁmKW mKWRtUv eFV IeGaykarQWcab; cab; ni nigesckþ gesckþ IlM)akevTnarbs;RbCaCnfycu RbCaCnfycuH. H. dUecñ ecñHc,ab; Hc,ab; ni nigsgÁ gsgÁmtMrUrUveGayGñkem: kem:Akar pþl;l;nUnvkardæ Uvkardæansagsg;Rbkbedaysu Rbkbedaysuvtß vtß iPaBldl; PaBldl; kmµkr.]TahrN_ kr.]TahrN_ebIkmµ kmµkrmñ krmñak; ak;dac; dac;eCIg edayRCuleCIgeTAkñúgm: gm:asu In kñ ú úkñgkrNI gkrNIenHeKman enHeKman eRKaHfñak;enAkñ ú ú enAkñgkardæ gkardæansagsg; ansagsg; kmµkrkø krkøayeTACamnu ayeTACamnusSBi sSBikarenAkñ karenAkñgRKY gú RKYsar nigkñúgsgÁ gsgÁm. dUecñHc,ab;kargarRtU kargarRtUvEcgGMBIBRbkareRKaHfñ IRbkareRKaHfñak; ak;epSg²cM epSg²cMeBaHkmµ eBaHkmµkr EdlTTYlxu lxusRtUveday Gñkem: Akar. kem: Akar. tulakarRtUvBin½nyni ½ynieyaCk; eyaCk;eTAtamkarTTYlxu lxusRtU sRtUv 5y:agdU agdUcxageRkam ³ kardæansagsg;eGaysmRsbehI eGaysmRsbehIymansuvtß vtß iPaB PaB - erobcMkardæ Bak;bri brikçkasmRsbehI aç smRsbehIymansu ymansuvtß iPaB PaB - bMBak; serIskmµ skmµkreTAtamlkç kreTAtamlkçN³vi N³vininicäcäy½ - eRCIserI Bak;bMbb:Mb:nc,ab;nirP½ rP½ykargareGay)anRtw ykargareGay)anRtwmRtU mRtUvnigm: gm:t;t;ct; - bMBak; kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
39
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
brikçkçafµImkdl; mkdl;kar kar - beRgonkmµkreGayecHeRbIenAeBlEdlman]bkrN_b¤b¤bri dæan
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
40
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
nieyaCkmanPar³kic©k úgñ úñ karEfrkSa suvtß vtßiPaBkargardl; PaBkargardl;BlkreG BlkreG ay)anl¥ ay)anl¥RbesI RbesIr. r. Rkumh‘ mh‘nnI nu nImYmYy² RtUvEFV vEFVkMkI MNt;ehtu ehtuEdl)anekI Edl)anekItmaneLI tmaneLIg ehIyk_ yk_RtUvrkSaTukkñ kkñgkari gú kariyal½ yal½yrbs;xnpgEdr. nøÜ pgEdr. rIÉPñak;gar OSHA ( Occupational Society Health Agency ) RtUvcu vcuH mkRtYtBinitüdl; tüdl;Rku Rkumh‘ u mh‘ unsag sg; GMBIBI]b,TÞvehtu vehtuEdlekI EdlekItmaneLI tmaneLIg . kariyal½ yal½yTaMgLayén gLayén OSHA RtUvcuH RtYtBi tBintü ti ü emIlkardæ lkardæansagsg; ansagsg;kñ ú úgtM gñ tMbn; bn;rbs; ÜxøxønCaRbcaM. enAeBlEdlcuHeFV HeFVGFi GI Fikarki karkic©mnRtU ni RtUvCU vCUn b¤pl;þl;dMNwgeTAPaKIsagsg; sagsg;eLIy.RtU y.RtUveFV veFVkarekaHGeBa¢ kI arekaHGeBa¢ Ij eTAtulakarRbsi lakarRbsinebI Gñ Gñkem: AkareFV em: AkareFV IkarhamXat;kareFV IGFikarki karkic©c©enH. karcuHeFV IGFi GFikarkic©man 4Epñk KW ³ ³ - GFikarekaHehAni karekaHehAnieyaCkmkcU eyaCkmkcUlrYmRbCu mRbCu M - RbFanRkum b¤tMtNagkmµ MNagkmµkrtamEpñknImYmYy² y² nigvi gvisVsVkrRtU krRtUvCUndM ndMeNIrkñ rkñgkarRtY gú karRtYtBi tBininitüenH tüenH - enAeBledIrRtY rRtYtBintüGFi ti üGFikarmansi karmansiT§nyayeqø yi ayeqøyqø IyqøgCamYykmµkredayminerIsmu smuxeLI xeLIy - ebIkki kkic©RbCMbBa© bu Ba©b;rvagGFikarni karnigGñ gGñkem:Akar kñ úkñ úgkarEklMGc,ab; Gc,ab;susvtß uvtß iPaBkargar PaBkargar b¤RbkarepSg eTot. kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
41
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
42
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
43
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
Construction Management
1- ]sSahkmµsMsMNg;KWKCaEpñ WCaEpñkmY kmYyénesdæ yénesdækc©ci ©Cati etI etIeKEbgEcksM eKEbgEcksMNg; Ng;Cabu Cabu :nanaµ n RbePT ? GVIxøxøH? H? cUrGFi rGFib,ay b,ay . 2- cUrGFi rGFib,ayGMBIBtYItnaTI YnaTIrbs; Construction Management . 3- etIkikc©ic©snüasagsg;manbu manbu :nµanRbePT? GV IxøxøH? . 4- edIm,IeFV eFV IeGaykardæansagsg;Rbkbeday Rbkbeday PaBsmRsbkñúgkargar gkargar etIeKRtU eKRtUvKi vKiteTAelIktþ ktþa GV IxH? Hø ? . 5- etIktþ ktþaGV aGV øx I øHEdlRksY HEdlRksYgsgÁ gsgÁmkic©TamTar eGayRkumh‘nu TTYlxu lxusRtUvenAkñ venAkñgkarrdæ úgkarrdæansag sg; . .
Construction Management
1-]sSahkmµsMsMNg;KWKCaEpñ WCaEpñkmY kmYyénesdæ yénesdækikic©Cati etIeKEbgEcksM eKEbgEcksMNg;Cabu Cabu :nµan RbePT ? GVxøxI øH? H? cUrGFi rGFib,ay b,ay . 2-cUrGFib,ayGM b,ayGMBIBItYnaTIrbs; rbs; Construction Management . 3-etIkikc©ci snüasagsg; ©snüasagsg;manbu manbunµ:nµanRbePT? GV IxøxH? øH? . 4-edIm,I m,IeFV eFV IeGaykardæansagsg; ansagsg;Rbkbeday Rbkbeday PaBsmRsbkñúgkargar gkargar etIeKRtUvKiteTAelI teTAelIktþ ktþa GV IxH? Hø ? . kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
44
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
5- etIktþ ktþaGV aGV IxHEdlRksY Hø EdlRksYgsgÁmki mkic©cTamTar ©TamTar eGayRkumh‘ uh‘ un TTYlxusRtU sRtUvenAkñ venAkñgkarrdæ gú karrdæansag ansag sg; ?. ?.
Construction Machine
1-etIsusvtß uvtß iPaBkargarGnu PaBkargarGnuvtþ vtþCamYyeRKOgm:asunmandU nI mandUcemþ cemþcxøH ?cUrGFi rGFib,ay. b,ay. 2-etIRkaneKni RkaneKniymeRbIcMcMeBaHsM eBaHsMNg; Ng;RbePTNa RbePTNa ? cUrGFi rGFib,ayGM b,ayGMBrbbkargar Irbbkargar ry³eBleFVIkarkñ ú karkñ úg mYyevn nigTinplkargar ñplkargar . 3-etIeGsÁ eGsÁav:av:aT½reKeRbIR)as; R)as;sMsMrab; rab;eFVIG IV ? ehIykarRKb; ykarRKb;RKgvaRtUveFV IdUdUcemþ cemþcxø cxøH ? 4- etIeKeRbIR)as R)as Dorzers sMrab;eFV eFV IGVG IV ?cUrsresrTinñplrbs;vava RBmTaMgBnül; gBnül;GkSrtagni GkSrtagnimYy² . 5-ehtudUcemþc)anCaeKniymeRbI ymeRbIeRKOgcRkkñ ú RKOgcRkkñ úgkarsagsg; ? ? cUrGFi rGFib,ay.
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
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erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
Construction Machine
1-etIsusvtß uvtß iPaBkargarGnu PaBkargarGnuvtþ vtþCamYyeRKOgm:asunmandU nI mandUcemþ cemþcxøH ?cUrGFi rGFib,ay. b,ay. 2-etIRkaneKni RkaneKniymeRbIcMcMeBaHsM eBaHsMNg; Ng;RbePTNa RbePTNa ? cUrGFi rGFib,ayGM b,ayGMBrbbkargar Irbbkargar ry³eBleFVIkarkñ ú karkñ úg mYyevn nigTinplkargar ñplkargar . 3-etIeGsÁ eGsÁav:av:aT½reKeRbIR)as; R)as;sMsMrab;eFV eFV IGVGV ? I ? ehIykarRKb;RKgvaRtU RKgvaRtUveFV Idcemþ Ucemþcxø cxøH ? 4- etIeKeRbIR)as R)as Dorzers sMrab;eFV eFV IGVG IV ?cUrsresrTinñplrbs;vava RBmTaMgBnül; gBnül;GkSrtagni GkSrtagnimYy² . 5-ehtudUcemþc)anCaeKniymeRbI ymeRbIeRKOgcRkkñ ú RKOgcRkkñ úgkarsagsg; ? ? cUrGFi rGFib,ay.
Cost Estimating
1-ehtu 1-ehtudUcemþc)anCaeKfa c)anCaeKfa kar)a:n;nRbmaNtM ;RbmaNtMélKWCakargarsñlrbs; lÚ rbs;Rku Rkumh‘ u mh‘ un ? 2-dUcemþ cemþcEdlehAfatM cEdlehAfatMélsagsg;suT§T§ / / kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
46
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
3-enAkñgkar): gú kar):an;an;RbmaNeTAelItMtélmY MélmYyxñ yxñat énkargarGVImYmYy etIeKRtU eKRtUvKi vKiteTAelI teTAelIGVxøxI øH ? 4-etIvFIFi saRsþ IsaRsþkñkgkar)a: ñgú kar)a:n;RbmaNtMélmanGV élmanGVxøxI Hø ? cUrGFib,ay. b,ay.
Cost Estimating
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
47
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
1-ehtu 1-ehtudUcemþc)anCaeKfa c)anCaeKfa kar)a:n;nRbmaNtM ;RbmaNtMélKWCakargarsñlrbs; lÚ rbs;Rku Rkumh‘ u mh‘ un ? 2-dUcemþ cemþcEdlehAfatM cEdlehAfatMélsagsg;suT§T§ / / 3-enAkñgkar): gú kar):an;an;RbmaNeTAelItMtéM lmYyxñat énkargarGV ImyY etIeKRtUvKiteTAelI teTAelIGVG IVxøxøH ? 4-etIvFIFi saRsþ IsaRsþkñkgkar)a: ñgú kar)a:n;RbmaNtMélmanGV élmanGVxøxI Hø ? cUrGFib,ay. b,ay.
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
48
erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ
viTüasßanCatibNþ b NþHbNþ Hú bNþalbec© albec©keTs
ed):atI atIm:g;sMNg;suIvl i
karmanrbYssñ ssñamepSg² b¤eRKaHfñ eRKaHfñak; ak;Cayfaehtu Cayfaehtu Edlmi Edlmincg; ncg;eGayekItmanenAkñ ú tmanenAkñ úgkardæansagsg; ansagsg; Cabc©ymi y ½ minl¥enAkñ ú ú nAkñgkarRbtþ gkarRbtþ ibtþ btþ isagsg; sagsg;. eRKaHfañk;k;eFV IeGay)at;bg; bg;fvika ka nigeFV geFV IeGayman\T§ iBl Bl eTAelITwkcitþrbs;kmµkr kr .
kargarRKb;RKgsM RKgsMNg;
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erobcMeday ³ Ehm suxc½nÞnÞ