CHAPTER 2: TELLING MEMORIES 1. Students will be able to to use Past Te Tense to tell memories. memories. 2. Students will be able able to use Present Present Perfect Perfect Te Tense to begin begin to tell experiences. 3. Students will be able able to use either either pre present sent tense tense or Past Ten Tense se to promote one object, concept, building, or region by comparison of adjectie or aderb of manner approach. !. Students will be able able to use either either Present Present Ten Tense se or Past Past Ten Tense se to retell memories or experiences.
CHAPTER 2: TELLING MEMORIES 1. "#$#%& "#$#%&' ' '#&% '#&%$($ $($" " )*T+) )*T+)# # )- T# T# T)P(+ T)P(+
General learning outcome of the toic! are a! follo"!: #$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill "ill &e a&le a&le to u!e u!e Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to tell tell memorie!$ memorie!$ 2$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e u!e Pre!ent Pre!ent Perfect Perfect Ten! Ten!ee to &egin to to tell e'erienc e'erience!$ e!$ ($ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e u!e either re!ent re!ent ten!e ten!e or Pa!t Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to romote romote one o&)ect* concet* &uil%ing* or region &+ comari!on of a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner aroach$ -$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le a&le to u!e either either Pre!ent Ten! Ten!ee or Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to retell memorie memorie!! or e'erience!$ 2. '# '#&% &%$( $($" $" &T &T#%(& #%(&'S 'S
Some !tu%ent! !till cannot %ifferentiate &et"een the u!e of Pre!ent Ten!e an% Pa!t Ten!e$ The+ %o not a"are of the %ifference &et"een .I ha% t"o !i!ter!/ an% .I ha,e t"o !i!ter!/$ The fir!t !entence mean! that no" he ha! onl+ one !i!ter &ut in the !econ%* he !till ha! the t"o !i!ter! no"$ Although Although !ome !tu%ent! are a"are of .I "ent to !chool earl+ in the morning +e!ter%a+/ &ut the+ are !till not a"are that to !a+ .fini!h !tu%+ing/ or .&a&+0! %eli,er+/ !houl% &e e're!!e% in the Pa!t Ten!e: .I left SMA 21 a3arta in 2445/ or .He "a! &orn in ul+ 2441/$ Pa!t Ten!e refer! to !tatement! of acti,itie! that ta3e lace in the a!t* +e!ter%a+* la!t night* thi! morning* or a fe" minute! ago "hile Pre!ent Ten!e refer! to !tatement! of acti,itie! acti,itie! that always, often (frequently), seldom (rarely), (n)ever, sometimes haen* sometimes haen* refer! to remin%ing fact!* truth* or refer! to ha&it that often ta3e! lac e$ Stu%ent! often ma3e incorrect !entence !enten ce con!truction! in Pa!t Ten!e$ The+ ma3e %ou&le ,er&! to fill the re%icate !lot or no re%icate at all in the !entence$ In!tea% of !a+ing .I left home to !chool at 6 o0cloc3/* !tu%ent! often !a+ .I "a! lea,e home to !chool at 6 o0cloc3/ 7%ou&le ,er&!8$ In!tea% of !a+ing .He "ent to !chool in the morning/* !tu%ent! ma+ !a+ .He "a! gone to !chool in the morning/ 7incorrect a!t form of the ,er& in the re%icate !lot8$ Stu%ent! !till %o not remem&er the a!t form! of certain ,er&!$ ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 27
of
Business
Administration
Thu!* in thi! toic !tu%ent! "ill learn ho" to #$ 9!e Pa!t Pa!t Ten!e Ten!e to tell tell memor memorie! ie!$$ 2$ 9!e Pre!ent Pre!ent Perfect Perfect Ten Ten!e !e to &egin to to tell e'erience!$ e'erience!$ ($ 9!e either either re!ent re!ent ten!e ten!e or Pa!t Ten!e Ten!e to romote romote one one o&)ect* o&)ect* concet* concet* &uil%ing* &uil%ing* or region &+ comari!on of a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner aroach$ -$ 9!e either either Pre!ent Pre!ent Ten! Ten!ee or Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to retell memori memorie! e! or e'erience!$ e'erience!$
3. #/#%+( %+(S#S0
At the en% of each !u&toic* !tu%ent! "ill ha,e: #$ To tell memorie! memorie! &+ the u!e u!e of Pa!t Pa!t Ten Ten!e$ !e$ 2$ To tell ( e'erience! e'erience! or memorie memorie!! or more &+ the u!e of Pre!ent Pre!ent Perfect Perfect Ten Ten!e !e to &egin each !tor+$ ($ To romote romote one o&)ect* o&)ect* concet* concet* &uil%ing* &uil%ing* or region region &+ comari!on comari!on of a%)ecti,e a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner aroach in either Pre!ent Ten!e Ten!e or Pa!t Ten!e$ -$ To retell retell memorie! memorie! or e'erience! e'erience! &+ the the u!e of either Pre!ent Pre!ent Ten Ten!e !e or Pa!t Ten!e$
!. #& #&'*& '*&T()$ ()$
Stu%ent! are !uo!e% to tell their e'erience! or memorie! in front of the cla!!$ Thu! !tu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on #8 the !e;uence! or %etail! of the !tor+* telling e'erience!* or memorie!* 28 ronunciation* (8 choice of "or% u!e%* an% -8 fluenc+$ Stu%ent! are not allo"e% to refer to the "ritten te't the+ ma+ ma + ha,e ma%e at home &efore the re!entation$ #$ In telling telling memorie!* memorie!* !tu%ent !tu%ent!! "ill &e e,aluat e,aluate% e% on the correct correct u!e of of ,er&! in in the a!t form! an% their ronunciation$ 2$ In telling telling ( more e'erien e'erience! ce! or memorie! memorie!** !tu%ent! !tu%ent! "ill "ill &e e,aluate% e,aluate% on the correct !entence !tructure of Pre!ent Perfect Ten!e an% al!o in Pa!t Ten!e$
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 28
of
Business
Administration
($ In romoting romoting one one o&)ect* o&)ect* concet* &uil%i &uil%ing* ng* or region region &+ comari!on comari!on of a%)ecti a%)ecti,e ,e or a%,er& of manner aroach* !tu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on the correct !entence !tructure an% correct u!e of either Pre!ent Ten!e or Pa!t Ten!e$ Ten!e$ -$ In retelling retelling memori memorie! e! or e'erience e'erience!* !* !tu%ent! !tu%ent! "ill "ill &e e,aluate% e,aluate% on the correct correct !entence !tructure an% correct c orrect u!e of either Pre!ent Ten!e Ten!e or Pa!t Ten!e too$
. ST*#$TS4 ST*#$TS4 +)P#T#$+# +)P#T#$+# &-T#% &-T#% T# T# '#&%$($" '#&%$($" P%)+#SS P%)+#SS #$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill "ill &e a&le a&le to u!e u!e Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to tell tell memorie!$ memorie!$ 2$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e u!e Pre!ent Pre!ent Perfect Perfect Ten! Ten!ee to &egin to to tell e'erienc e'erience!$ e!$ ($ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e u!e either re!ent re!ent ten!e ten!e or Pa!t Pa!t Ten Ten!e !e to romote romote one
o&)ect* concet* &uil%ing* or region &+ comari!on of a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner aroach$ -$ Stu%ent! Stu%ent! "ill &e a&le a&le to u!e either either Pre!ent Ten! Ten!ee or Pa!t Ten! Ten!ee to retell memorie memorie!! or e'erience!$ 5. S*&%6
A goo% !entence in Engli!h !houl% contain at lea!t one S 7u&)ect8 an% one P7re%icate8$ The follo"ing
7. -## 8&+9
=uring the re!entation* )ot %o"n the mi!ta3e! !tu%ent ma+ ma3e either in the u!e of "or% " or% choice* ronunciation* or grammatical a!ect!$ Encourage !tu%ent! to learn more %etail! in the grammar &oo3 or &ro"!e the internet a! there are man+ "e&!ite! of Engli!h grammar teaching an% not to refer to the te't! the+ ma+ ha,e ma%e at home &efore the re!entation$ After the re!entation or fee%&ac3* !tu%ent! are al!o to re"rite the te't the+ ha,e )u!t !o3en in front of the cla!!$
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 29
of
Business
Administration
:. %#-#%#$+#S #$ Ale' Ale'an an%e %err* L$G$ L$G$ Practice Practice and Progress: Progress: an Integrated Course for PrePre-
Intermediate Students$ Students$ Lon%on: Longman Grou Lt%$* #>62 2$ ?ran ?ran3* 3* Marc Marcel ella la$$ Modern Englis: ! Practical "eference "eference #uide$ #uide$ Ne" er!e+: Prentice Hall* Inc$ ($ htt:@@ten!e!inengli!h$com@ htt:@@ten!e!inengli!h$com@ $earn $earn a%out &at 'ters as to Say in Englis$ Englis$ -$ htt:@@grammar$ccc$commnet$e%u@grammar@ten!e!@ten!eframe!$htm htt:@@grammar$ccc$commnet$e%u@grammar@ten!e!@ten!eframe!$htm$$ #rammar in Englis
S9BTOPIC 2$# TELLING MEMORIES
Learning o&)ecti,e: After the !e!!ion i! o,er* !tu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e Pa!t Ten!e Ten!e to tell memorie! or e'erience!$
A. LEARNING MATERIAL MATERIAL ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 30
of
Business
Administration
2$#$A$# The *se of Past Tense Pa!t Ten!e refer! to the ,er&change! that occur in the re%icate !lot$ ?rom the Pre!ent ?orm* Der&! Der&! in the re%icate !lot ma+ change into Pa!t ?orm$ ?rom the Pre!ent ?orm* ,er&! ma+ change into Pa!t ?orm )u!t &+ the a%%itional letter of either .=/ or .E=/ 7if the la!t letter of the ,er&! i! .E/ !uch a! in &ored, Played, Said, Planned 8$ 8$ The change! are the mo!t ea!il+ remem&ere% form !o that the!e t+e! of ,er&! are oularl+ 3no"n a! regular ver%s$ ver%s$ Aroun% #25 ,er&! %o not follo" thi! regular change$ It totall+ change! from the re,iou!l+ re!ent form form** !uch !uch a! in go*went or find*found $ The!e t+e! of ,er&! are oularl+ 3no"n a! irregular ver%s$ ver%s$ Some irregular ,er&! onl+ un%ergo minor change! to &e a!t form !uch a! in write*written or slee+*sle+t slee+*sle+t $ Pa!t ten!e i! u!e% to tell acti,itie!* occurrence!* or haening! that ta3e lace in the a!t time* +e!ter%a+* la!t night* thi! morning* a fe" minute! ago* or ta3e lace in a %efinite time in the a!t* for e'amle in the +ear 244>$ Generall+* an+ occurrence! ma+ &e e're!!e% in Pre!ent Ten!e* Pre!ent ?uture Ten!e* or Pa!t Ten!e &ut !ome occurrence! mu!t &e e're!!e% in a!t a!t ten! ten!ee !uch !uch a! <&or <&orn0 n0 or
SUBJE!
S S S S #id
S
P"E#IA!E V2 Was / were
I#EN!I!$
Was / were V3
(#& %)" V* Was / were %)" Was / were %)" V3
Ar!a"#$e a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e Ar!a"#$e a%& Pass#$e se%"e%'e Ne+a"#$e a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e Ne+a"#$e a%& Pass#$e se%"e%'e .es"#)% a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e
V* , -
%as & 'ere ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 3*
of
Business
Administration
%as&'er eS
.es"#)% a%& Pass#$e se%"e%'e
V3 ,
Acti,e !entence mean! that the meaning of the ,er&! in the re%icate !lot "ill &e .me FF 3an@i/ or . &er FF 3an@i/ "hile the a!!i,e !entence !entence mean! that the meaning meaning of the ,er&! in the re%icate !lot "ill &e .%i FF3an@i/ or .ter FF 3an@i/$ Rea% the te't &elo" an% learn the a!t form of ,er&! in the re%icate re%icate "hich i! t+e% in &ol%$ '($ #
'($#
T#/T
RONG SAN=ALS One One morni orning ng** I wo;e u late$ In fac fact I had an aointment to !ee a frien% of mine in her hou!e$ I hou!e in a hurr+ hurr+ there$ there$ I too; a a &u! to her left m+ hou!e hou!e$ The a!!enger loo;ed at me !trangel+$ I !trangel+$ I didn’t me$ I felt &othere% &ut I know wat happened wit me$ ignored them$ hen I arried at m+ frien%0! hou!e* !he laughed at me lou%l+$ ?inall+* I as;ed her "hat was "rong "ith me$ She said .Loo3 at +our !an%al!$ +ur+ose o ou wore %ifferent Did you tae tem on +ur+ose color of air!$ ou loo;ed !trange/$ I was a&!olutel+ !urri!e% to 3no" a&out it$ I was then a"are "h+ the eole in the &u! loo;ed at me !tran !trangel gel+ +$ I wore "hite an% re% air of !an%al!$
5
#4
# 2 ( -5 5 1 6 > > #4 ## #2
P%#S# S#$ $T -)%
a3e @ ha,e Lea,e Ta3e Loo3 Negati,e !entence haen@feel@ignor e Arri,e Laugh @ a!3 Sa+ ue!tion !entence ear Loo3 @ am Am Loo3 @ "ear
B. EXERCISES
Rea% the te't &elo" an% %o the !ame anal+!i! a! %one a&o,e for +ou$ '($ #
'($#
T#/T
P%#S#$T -)%
A COBRA After I was in the the !econ !econ%a %ar+ r+ !choo !chool* l* m+ aren arentt assigned me to clean the hou!e e,er+ %a+$ Sometime ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 32
of
Business
Administration
5
#4
#5
24
I cleaned it in the morning &ut !ometime I did it in night &efore going to &e%$ One %a+* I arried home lat late from !choo chooll$ I had to follo" follo" e'tracurric e'tracurricular ular acti acti,i ,iti tie! e! ther theree unti untill 5 o0cl o0cloc3 oc3$$ I arried home at 41$#5 41$#5$$ After fter I had
$ Hoefull+* I would !lee !oun%l+ an% got up earl+ on the the ne't ne't %a+ %a+$ hen hen I was a&ou a&outt to !lee* ee* I saw !ome !ometh thin ing g mo,e mo,e in the the corne cornerr of m+ &e%r &e%roo oom$ m$ I thought it was a "allliJar%$ It moed !lo"l+$ After a "hile* "hile* it was clear it was not a "allliJar%$ It was a !na3e$ 3e$ hen I was a&ou a&outt to loo3 loo3 at it clo! clo!el el+ +* !u%%enl+ it jumped to"ar%! me an% almo!t touched m+ foot$ I screamed lou%l+$ lou%l+$ I too; a !tic3 to hit it$ Both Both m+ fath father er an% moth mother er entered m+ &e%room$ Afte Afterr I told him* him* m+ fath father er hit the !na3e har%$ It spilled out the &loo%$ It died$ It was a co&ra$ I had to clean the &e%room again again &ecau!e there was a &loo% there$ I wor;ed t"ice on that %a+$
C. AS ASSI SIGN GNME MENT NT
Tell one unforgetta&le e,ent in +our er!onal li,e! "hich are of unforgetta&le e'erience! in front of the cla!! in the ne't !e!!ion$ =e!cri&e the e,ent !e;uentiall+ in %etail$ E'lore the ro&a&le ,er&! +ou ma+ u!e in the !tor+$ Be careful in the ronunciation of the a!t form of the the ,er& ,er&!$ !$ Tell the the ha+ ha+ e'er e'erie ienc nce! e! in!t in!tea ea% % of the the unha unha+ + one! one!$$ =o not refe referr to e'erience! of other er!on! a! +ou ma+ fin% %ifficultie! to narrate the %etail!$
EVALATI!N LATI!N . EVA
Stu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on the %etail! of the %etail! of the !tor+* !e;uence* !e;uence* fluenc+* correct ronunciation of the ,er&!* choice of "or%!* an% correct !entence !tructure$ =o not u!e two erbs in the re%icate !lot !uch a! .M+ father was go to hi! office earl+ in the morning/$
Stu%ent! !houl% not rea% the te't that the+ ma+ re,iou!l+ ha,e ma%e at home$ The !u&)ect mu!t &e %ominantl+ .I/$ ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 33
of
Business
Administration
S9BTOPIC 2$2 TELLING ANOTHER ANOTHER ( MORE EKPERIENCES ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 3
of
Business
Administration
Learning o&)ecti,e: After the !e!!ion i! o,er* !tu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e Present u!e Present Perfect ense to ense to &egin to tell memorie! or e'erience!$ e' erience!$
A. LEARNING MATERIAL MATERIAL
In%one!ian often !ea3! a !tatement "hich i! &oth !tructurall+ an% meaningfull+ correct &ut it i! actuall+ inaroriate inaroriate$$ The !tatement !tatement i! ."here ha,e +ou &een/ 7So3en in Present in Present Perfect ense ense88 a literal tran!lat tran!lation ion from &aha!a &aha!a In%one!ia In%one!ia .=ari mana !a)a !a)a 3amu/ If the an!"er i! .I ha,e &een to the canteen/ canteen/ for e'amle* the an!"er i! inaroriate$ inaroriate$ Present Present Perfect ense ense i! i! ne,er u!e% in !uch a 3in% of !ituation$ Present Perfect ense ense i! u!e% to e're!! an acti,it+* an occurrence* a haening that ha! )u!t ta3en lace* that ha! 7n8e,er ta3en lace* that ha! alrea%+ ta3e lace* or that ha! ta3en lace for !ome time or !ince !ome time ago$ The mo!t ro&a&le ;ue!tion in Present in Present Perfect ense ense i! the ;ue!tion of HO LONG !uch a! one here: .Ho" long ha,e +ou &een here/ Thu! the ;ue!tion .here ha,e +ou &een/ !houl% corre!on%ingl+ &e !o3en a! .here "ere +ou/ an% the re!on!e "ill &e .I "a! in the canteen$/ The full %ialogue "ill loo3 li3e a! the follo"ing: ."here "ere +ou I0,e &een loo3ing for +ou for long &ut I %i%n0t !ee +ou$/ The re!on!e "ill &e .I "a! in the canteen/$ canteen /$ Learn the !tructure of Present of Present Perfect Perfect ense ense &elo"$ &elo"$ TABLE TABLE 2 SENTENCE CONSTR9CTIONS IN PRESENT PER?ECT TENSE
SUBJE!
SPL
SS SPL
SS SPL
SS SPL
P"E#IA!E HAVE
I#EN!I!$
V-3
HAS HAVE HAS HAV HAV E
V-3
BEEN N(!
V-3
HAS HAVE
V-3
N(!
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 31
of
Business
Ar!a"#$e a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e Ar!a"#$e a%& Pass#$e se%"e%'e Ne+a"#$e a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e
Ne+a"#$e a%& Pass#$e Administration
SS HA)E SPL
HAS
se%"e%'e
BEEN
V-3,
.es"#)% a%& A'"#$e se%"e%'e
HAS SS HA)E SPL
EEN
HAS SS
V3,
.es"#)% a%& Pass#$e se%"e%'e
Another common mi!!o3en !tatement in Baha!a In%one!ia i! .I ha,e gone to Ancol/ 7 literal tran!lation from .Sa+a ernah ergi 3e Ancol/8$ The !tatement i! grammaticall+ correct &ut it %enote! %ifferent i%ea from the original i%ea in In%one!ian$ hen the !ea3er mean! he 3no"! Ancol "ell* he !houl% uro!el+ !a+ .I ha,e &een to Ancol/ &ut "hen he mean! %ifferentl %ifferentl+ + 7.Sa+a se;adar ernah 7mamir@ergi8 3e Ancol/ he ma+ !a+ .I ha,e gone to Ancol/$ The Present The Present Perfect ense ense i! ne,er follo"e% &+ a time !ignal either in the a!t* !uch a! +e!ter%a+* thi! morning* la!t night* a fe" time ago* or in the +ear 244>for e'amle e'cet onl+ )u!t* 7n8e,er* alrea%+* or for !ome time or !ince !ome time ago$ The follo"ing !tatement .I0,e &een to Ancol "hen I "a! 6 +ear! ol%/ or .I ha,e &een to Ancol in 244>/ are grammaticall+ incorrect$ The fir!t !tatement !houl% !a+ .I ha,e &een to Ancol$ I "ent there "hen I "a! 6 +ear! ol%/ "hile the !econ% !tatement !houl% !a+ .I ha,e ha ,e &een to Ancol$ I "ent there in 244>/$ A! a conclu!ion* there !houl% &e t"o !entence!$ Becau Becau!e !e the Present Perfect ense ense i! &a!icall+ onl+ a !tatement of .&eing e,er* ne,er* alrea%+* or )u!t/* a !tor+ "ill ne,er totall+ &e in the Present the Present Perfect ense ense !entence!$ In!tea%* the Present the Present Perfect ense ense "ill "ill &e follo"e% &+ Pa!t Ten!e in or%er to get a comlete i%ea of the !tor+$ Thu! the Present the Present Perfect ense i! a 3in% of re,ie"* main i%ea* or the title of the ense i! !tor+$
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 3
of
Business
Administration
The a&o,e i%ea! un%erline un%erline the u!e of the Present the Present Perfect ense to ense to tell ( %ifferent memorie!* e'erience!* or !torie!$ Learn the !amle! &elo"$ The !entence! t+e% in &ol% i! the Present the Present Perfect ense. It ense. It i! u!e% to &egin the !tor+ an% it al!o mean! the main i%ea or the title of the !torie!$ The Present The Present Perfect ense ense i! i! follo"e% &+ Pa!t Ten!e$ Ten!e$ I have ever had an embarrassing experience. About two months ago, I went to internet rental house to play online games. I usually go there by motorcycle but motorcycle but I didn’t at that time. I went there by bus. I played online game for 5 hours. At 5.30 in the afternoon, I then planned to go home. I then put my hand into the pocket to get the motorcycle key. I browsed it in either trouser’s pocket—left pocket or right pocket—or my shirt’s pocket but it was not there. I browsed it again and again but I still failed to find one. I became panic. I beg an to think that my motorcycle could hae been gone. After around !0 minutes, I sat on a chair and then I remembered if I didn’t go to the internet rental house by motorcycle. I could neer find the motorcycle key, then. I have ever walked home from swimming pool. I pool. I was "5 years old. #ne day, three of my friends and I went to swimming pool. $e went there by public transportation. #ne my friend paid the transportation tickets for us. %e also planned to pay the transportation tickets when we were back home. $e swam there for ! hours. $hen we were about to leae the pool, he said that he lost the money. &y other friends and I searched for it for !0 minutes but we didn’t find it. 'inally we went back home on foot. $e walked for 3 kilometer away. $hen I arried home, I was ery tired. I have ever come to a wrong wedding party . #ne of my school mates got married in a hall one day. (he inited me and my other two friends to attend the party. I forgot precisely the address but I remembered the area of the hall. #n the )*day, )*day, we decided decided to attend attend it. #n the hall gate, it was written written my friend’s friend’s name. $e came to the party at around "!."5. $e decided to take the menu first before seeing the couple because we were hungry. $hen $hen we were full, we stood on a long +ueue to greet the bride and the groom. $e were sure she would be happy to our presence. $hen we finally arried in front of the bride, to my surprise she was not my friend.
B. EXERCISES
Rea% the te't! &elo" an% gi,e the correct grammatical form to the ,er&! that i! t +e% in italic$ TEKT CORRECTION I ave loced u+ in u+ in the hou!e$ One %a+ m+ arent an% I ha,e &een loc3e% in the hou!e$ their famil+ lanne% to go to a u&lic ar3 in m+ to"n$ e "ent "ent there in the morning at o0cloc3$ o0cloc3$ The+ leave me in the hou!e$ I was sle+t $ hen I "o3e u* I see I see no no one at home$ hen I want to to oen the %oor* it was loc $ I calle% m+ mother0! name* &ut !he do not come$ come$ I "a! ,er+ ,er+ u!e u!et$ t$ I "a! "a! cr+i cr+ing ng lou% lou%l+ l+ "hen "hen m+ are arent nt !u%%enl+ come$ come$ ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 37
of
Business
Administration
I ha,e entere% a "rong hall$ One +ear ago* m+ !chool send one one team to follo"e% accounting cometition in =arma)a+a 9ni,er!it+$ I "a! one mem&er of the team$ On the cometition %a+* I tol% m+ other team mem&er! that I will arrive there arrive there at 4$44$ I hurrie%l+ go hurrie%l+ go to to one hall hall in the uni,er!i uni,er!it+ t+$$ To m+ !urri !urri!e* !e* I do not find them$ I a!3e% the committee mem&er! !tan%ing there$ He tell me me that m+ team "a! on the thir% floor of that &uil%ing$ I ave enter a a "rong hall$ I ave ever s+end te wole day in te %eac$ %eac$ =uring the holi%a+ !eme!ter at the thir% gra%e in the !econ%ar+ !chool* m+ !chool mate! an% I go I go to An+er to An+er &each$ e !ent the night at a ,illa$ Earl+ in the morning* I get I get u+ earl earl+ +$ I wal alon along g the the coa!t coa!t m+ !elf !elf$$ After fter I ha% ha% &rea3fa!t* I en/oy m+ en/oy m+ !elf in the &each$ I ride &ic+cle$ ride &ic+cle$ I too3 &anana &oat$ My &oat$ My friend was overtrow %y te %oat $ He coul%n0t !"im$ ?ortunatel+ ?ortunatel+ he wear life)ac3et$ life)ac3et$ e laug together laug together to !ee him$ I en)o+e% the holi%a+ ,er+ much$
C. AS ASSI SIGN GNME MENT NT
Tell ( %ifferent e,ent! 7!torie!8 in +our er!onal life$ The+ !houl% &e +our!$ Other"i!e +ou cannot %etail! the e,ent!$ Begin each !tor+ &+ Pre!ent Perfect Ten!e an% %etail! the !torie! &+ Pa!t Ten!e$ Ten!e$ The re!ent erfect Ten!e Ten!e i! al!o meant a! the the title of the !tor+$ !tor+$
D. EVA EVALATI!N LATI!N
Stu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on the %etail! of the !e;uence* fluenc+* correct ronunciation of the ,er&!* ,er&!* choice choice of "or%!* "or%!* an% correct correct !entenc !entencee !truct !tructure ure$$ =o not u!e two erbs in the re%icate !lot !uch a! .M+ father was go to hi! office earl+ in the morning/ "hen +ou %etail the e,ent$ Stu%ent! !houl% not rea% the te't that the+ ma+ re,iou!l+ ha,e ma%e at home$ The !u&)ect mu!t &e %ominantl+ .I/$
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 38
of
Business
Administration
S9BTOPIC 2$( RETELLING MEMORABLE STATEMENTS
Learning o&)ecti,e: After the !e!!ion i! o,er* !tu%ent! "ill &e a&le to u!e re+orted s+eec to retell memora&le "or%!* a%,ice* or ,alua&le !tatement!$
A. LEARNING MATERIAL MATERIAL
2.3.&.1 The $ature of %eported Speech
A%,ice!* ;uote!* !tatement!* "or%! are often o ften unforgetta&le* e!eciall+* "hen the+ come from arent!* !iritual lea%er!* teacher!* or from nota&le eole "ho are honore%$ Religiou! teaching! often ;uote a%,ice!* "arning!* or a%,ice! from the rohet* legen%ar+ religiou! lea%er!$ or%! or%! from nota&le eole are often memora&le$ Retrie,ing a%,ice! an% memora&le "or%! often %i!clo!e e,ent! un%erlining them$ Ho"e,er a legen% tol% &+ arent!* a hi!tor+ tol% &+ hi!torian!* a no,el "ritten &+ the eole "hom the rea%er! lo,e al!o &ear e,ent! "hich are memora&le an%* thu!* "orth retelling$ The a%,ice!* ;uote!* "or%!* or !tatement! coul% gui%e u! to lea% an% en)o+ a ha+ life an% to a,oi% &rea3ing for&i%%en rule!$ The!e The!e memora memora&le &le "or%!* "or%!* a%,ice! a%,ice!** or !tatem !tatement! ent! are e're! e're!!e% !e% in "e+orted S+eec of a comoun% !entence mo%el$ Seech i! !entence$ In reorte% !eech* there t"o !entence! that are connecte% &+ con)unction THAT 7to reeat an affirmati,e !tatement!8* HETHER or I? 7to reeat .a +e! @ no ;ue!tion !entence8* or HAT* HO* HEN* HERE* H* an% HO 7to reeat a ;ue!tion !entence &egun "ith one of the follo"ing ;ue!tion "or%!: HAT* HO* HEN* HERE* H* an% HO8$ One reorte% !eech mo%el contain! onl+ one !entence$ It come! from a reetition of a remain%er* or%er* or "arning$ ?rom a
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 39
of
Business
Administration
remain%er an% or%er* TO DERB hra!e con!truction follo"! the main clau!e "hile from a "arning* NOT TO DERB hra!e con!truction follo"! the main clau!e$ Becau!e reorte% !eech i! a reetition of memora&le "or%!* a%,ice!* or !tatement!* the re%icate of fir!t !entence 7or commonl+ 3no"n a! the main !entence8 "ill &e SA* SA* OR=ER* AS* REPEAT* ARG9E* RE9EST* ENS9RE* A=DICE* TELL* ARN* or other "or%! an% the !econ% !entence "ill the reeate% reeate% "or%!* "or%!* a%,ice!* a%,ice!* or !tatement! !tatement!$$ Thu! the !entence con!truction of the reorte% !eech "ill &e a! follo"!: TABLE TABLE ( SENTENCE CONSTR9CTIONS IN REPORTE= REPORTE= SPEECH MAIN CLA9SE @ SENTENCE
S
CON9N CTION
P
REPEATE= REPEATE= OR=S* OR=S* A=DICES* STATEMENTS 7S9BCLA9SE8
S
P
7!a+* argue* or%er* a!3* tal3 to* tell* inform* a%,ice* "arn F8
M+ father The teacher The The !ecr !ecret etar ar+ + The rule M+ fat father her N!TE"
THAT 8 HETHER@I? 8 HAT 8 HO HEN HERE H HO TO DERB hra!e 8 NOT TO DERB DERB hra!e 8 SAMPLE OR=S* A=DICES* OR STATEMENTS often tell! me that I ha,e to learn har%$ a!3e% me if I %i% the te!t "ell$ m+ name "a!$ a!3e a!3e% % me "hat "hat re;uire !tu%ent! to get to !chool &efore 6 in the morning$ or%e or%err me not not to arri arri,e ,e at to !cho !chool ol lat late$
45 6)r reea"#%+ a% ar!a"#$e s"a"e!e%" 445 6)r reea"#%+ a es / %) es"#)% se%"e%'e 4445 6)r reea"#%+ a es"#)% se%"e%'e ;e+% w#"< )%e )6 " WHO> WHEN> WHERE> WH?> a%& HOW @5 6)r reea"#%+ a remain%er or or%er @@5 6)r reea"#%+ a "arning
2.3.8.2 Sample of The *se of %eported Speech ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 0
of
Business
Administration
MI0E Mie was a young naugty %oy. e was aving %irtday wen e made everyting around im in a mess. is uncle gave im a +resent. It was a money. is uncle o+ed mie would cange is %ad a%it after receiving te +resent. Mie1s moter was in dou%t if e would cange is %ad a%it. Se S e was not sure mie could tae care of is animal. Se ased Mie for many times weter e really really wanted to ee+ te money well as is +et. Mie, ten, convinced is moter tat e really wanted te money. Mie loved is money very muc. It was very funny. e always acted lie wat Mie did. 'ne day, Mie did is %ad a%it again. e trew te itcen equi+ments anywere. e drew some of tem on te wall. In some oter case e made is moter angry. 2n+redicta%ly, 2n+redicta%ly, te money also did te same. Mie1s moter was angry too wit te money. Mie told is moter tat it was not te money1s fault. fault. e told a%out it re+eatedly to is moter. is moter finally ased im wy e did %ad a%it again. is moter treatened im tat se would fling te money away if Mie didn1t cange is a%it. Mie would really %e afraid if e canged imself slowly. 3inally e could %e a you ng nice %oy.
B. EXERCISES
Rea% the te't &elo" an% un%erline the !entence! "ith the reorte% !eech con!truction$ 4!&!5# 4!&!5# ME"! !56 !56 4!&!5# 4!&!5# P2I 'nce u+on a time in a small village, tere was a family wo ad a g irl named 4awang Puti. &en 4awang Puti was 7 years old, er moter died %ecause of a disease. 'ne year later, later, er fater married anoter woman wo ad a daug ter named 4awang Mera. !fter te marriage, 4awang Puti was always tortured %y er ste+ moter and er ste+ sister. Se did every ouse wor erself.
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | *
of
Business
Administration
'ne day, er ste+ moter ased er to get u+ early and wor arder. !fter se ad done all er wor, 4awang Mera ased er to was all er clotes. 4awang Puti ten went to a river near er ouse. &en se was wasing te clotes, one of tem was wased away and se lost it. 4awang Puti was very u+set. Se didn1t didn1t now wat to do if 4awang Mera was angry wit er. 4awang Puti ten waled along te river to loo for te clot, %ut %u t se could not find it. &en se finally found it, se met an old woman. Se ased er to %ring a +um+in and gave it to er ste+ moter. moter. 4awang Puti taned er. er. 4awang Puti ten went %ac ome. Se told er ste+ moter and ste+ sister wy se lost er clot %ut tey d idn1t idn1t %elieve it. er moter told er ow stu+id se was to lose te clot. 4awang Puti cried for long. Suddenly te +um+in fell down to te floor. floor. It %roe to +ieces. 2n%elieva%ly, it contained a lot of /ewelries. er ste+ moter and er ste+ sister come to it and tey looed a++y and tougt tey would %e ric. ey ten a+ologi8ed to 4awang Puti. ey lived a++ily after tat.
C. AS ASIG IGNM NME ENT
Remin% Remin% "or%!* "or%!* a%,ice a%,ice!* !* or !tatem !tatement! ent! from from arent arent!* !* teache teacher!* r!* an% religi religiou! ou! lea%er lea%er!* !* concerning life an% lea%ing an ea!+ life$ ou ma+ al!o retell memora&le "or%! from te't!* &oo3!* or no,el!$ The imortant thing i! that +ou !houl% inclu%e the three reorte% !eech mo%el! of !entence!$ There !houl% &e at lea!t #4 reorte% !eech !entence! in +our !tor+$ The Pa!t Pa!t Ten!e en!e an% the Pre!en Pre!entt Ten!e en!e are not counte counte% % althoug although h the+ are relim reliminar inar+ + !entence! in +our !tor+$
D. EVA EVALATI!N LATI!N
Stu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on the %etail! of the "or%!* a%,ice!* or !tatement!* fluenc+* correct ronunciation of the ,er&!* choice of "or%!* correct ten!e!* an% correct !entence !tructure$ =o not u!e two erbs in the re%icate !lot !uch a! .M+ father was go to hi! office ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 2
of
Business
Administration
earl+ in the morning/ "hen +ou %etail the e,ent$ Stu%ent! !houl% not rea% the te't that the+ ma+ re,iou!l+ ha,e ma%e at home$ The !u&)ect mu!t &e %ominantl+ .I/$
S9BTOPIC 2$- PROMOTING OBECTS* REGIONS* B9IL=INGS* OR CONCEPTS
Learning o&)ecti,e: After the !e!!ion i! o,er* !tu%ent! "ill &e a&le to romote o&)ect!* region!* &uil%ing!* or concet! &+ comari!on of a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner aroach$
A. LEARNING MATERIAL MATERIAL
2.!.&.1 The $ature of Promotion Promotion i! one of the four elemen element! t! of mar3et mar3eting ing mi' 7ro%uc 7ro%uct* t* rice* rice* romot romotion ion**
%i!tri&ution8$ It i! the communication lin3 &et"een !eller! an% &u+er! for the uro!e of infl influe uenc ncin ing* g*
info inform rmin ing* g*
or
er! er!ua ua%i %ing ng
a
ote otent ntia iall
&u+e &u+erQ rQ!!
urc urcha ha!i !ing ng
%eci %eci!i !ion on$$
?un%amentall+* ho"e,er there are three &a!ic o&)ecti,e! of romotion$ The!e are #8 to re!ent information to con!umer! a! "ell a! other!* 28 to increa!e %eman%* an% (8 to %ifferentiate a ro%uct$ To romote a ro%uct* &uil%ing* region!* or concet!* one can )u!t inform oular !ite! or lan%mar3!$ Other"i!e* au%ience! ma+ not 3no" "hat he mean!$ To romote a ro%uct* one can aroach it from %ifferent oint of ,ie"$ In thi! ca!e* a! an e'erci!e of language !tructure ma!ter+* the romotion of ro%uct!* &uil%ing!* region!* or concet! i! focu!ing on the u!e of comari!on of a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner$ A%)ecti,e i! a "or% that mo%ifie! Noun$ It i! in the !u&)ect o!ition or after the re%icate
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 3
of
Business
Administration
S*8<#+T
P%#(+&T#
S*8<#+T +)P'##$T=&#% +)P'##$T=&#%8 8
$)T#
He
i!
a ha#d "or3er
A%)ecti,e
He
"or3!
ha#d
A%,er& of manner
Becau!e &oth a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner function a! mo%ifier* the ;ualitie! of the NO9N or DERB can &e comara&le$ Since a%,er& of manner i! &a!icall+ %eri,e% from a%)ecti,e* comari!on techni;ue for &oth a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner i! al!o !imilar$ Comarati,e %egree of the four a%,er& of manner 7ELL* BA=L* HAR=* an% ?AST8 i! the !ame a! comari!on of a%)ecti,e "ith one !+lla&le "hile comarati,e an% !uerlati,e %egree for a%,er& of manner %eri,e% from
#>ual >uality
A%)ecti,e! of one !+lla&le* !uch a! big
A%)ecti,e! of t"o A%)ecti,e! of more t"o !+lla&le!* !uch a! cleer !+lla&le!* !uch a! difficult an% %eri,ational a%)ecti,e!* !uch a! friendly
As a&e'"#$es as A&$ )6 !a%%er
As a&e'"#$es as Ad* of manner
&s a%)ecti,e! as
+omparatie degree A%% er to the a%)ecti,e A%% er to the a%)ecti,e A%% than after the A%% than after the a%)ecti,e!@a%, of manner a%)ecti,e! OR A%% more &efore the a%)ecti,e! A%% than after the a%)ecti,e
Superlatie degree
A%% more &efore the a%)ecti,e! A%% than after the a%)ecti,e@a%, of manner
A%% est to the the a%)e a%)ecti cti,e! ,e! A%% est to the a%)ect a%)ecti,e! i,e! A%% the most &efore the
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M |
of
Business
Administration
A%% the &efore the A%% the &efore the a%)ecti,e!@a%, of manner a%)ecti,e!@a%, of manner a%)ecti,e! OR A%% the most &efore the a%)ecti,e!
Learn Learn ho" to romot romotee o&)ect o&)ect!* !* &uil%i &uil%ing! ng!** region region!* !* or concet concet!! &+ the comar comari!o i!on n of a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner aroach &elo"$
BANGA AN= BELIT9NG Bang3a an% Belitung Belitung i! the (#!t ro,ince in In%one!ia$ The+ "ere u!e% to &e art! of South Sumatra$ It! caital cit+ i! Pang3al Pinang$ It ha! troical climate "here "et !ea!on la!t! for 6 month! an% the %r+ !ea!on la!t! la!t! for 5 month!$ There i! a "i%e lo" lan%! lan%! area "ith onl+ a !maller mountainou! area$ T*--# an% Bang3a i! 6>*4> eole$ Bang3a i! ##*1>( 3m2 "i%e an% Belitung Belitung i! 6*4(# 3m2$ Bang3a i! -*112 3m2 larger larger than Belitung$ Bang3a ha! - more !u& %i!trict! than Belitung$ Bang3a ha! 1 !u&%i!trict! an% Belitung ha! 2 !u&%i!trict!$ Peole of Bang3a !ea3 Mala+ an% Belitung %oe! too$ Peer ro%uction in Bang3a i! a! &ig a! in Belitung$ Bang3a ha! t"o more &eache! than Belitung$ Bang3a ha! - intere!ting &eache! "hile Belitung ha! onl+ 2 intere!ting &eache!$ Plantation in Belitung i! 54( 3m2 larger than Bang3a$ Plantation in Bang3a i! #*24( 3m2 "hile in Belitung i! #*644 3m2 "i%e$
B. EXERCISE
Rea% the te't &elo"* un%erline the comari!on of a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner* an% then i%entif+ the comari!on "hether of e;ual %egre e* comarati,e %egree* or !uerlati,e %egree$ ELE$%ANT ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M | 1
of
Business
Administration
Ele+ants are te largest land mammals of te te family family Ele+antidae Ele+antidae.. e !frican Savanna Ele+ant is te %iggest ele+ant wit adult males acieving %ody weigts greater tan 9 tones and tey ave ticer tuss. ree s+ecies ree s+ecies of of ele+ant are livin living g today today:: te te !frican %us ele+ant , te !frican te !frican forest ele+ant and and te !sian te !sian ele+ant (also ele+ant (also nown as te Indian ele+ant). e !sian ele+ant is sligtly smaller tan te !frican ele+ant. e easiest way to distinguis te two is tat te !sian ele+ant as smaller ears ears.. e long trun +ermits te ele+an ele+antt to reac reac as ig ig as ; feet. feet. e ele+an ele+ant ilograms (?> l%). ey ty+ically live for @> to 9> years, %ut te oldest recorded ele+ant lived for A years. e largest ele+ant ever recorded was sot in !ngola in !ngola in in =B@?. is male weiged a%out 7,>>> l% (==,>>> g), wit a soulder eigt of ;.B? meters (=;.> ft), a meter (yard) taller tan te average male !frican ele+ant. e smallest ele+ants, a%out te si8e of a calf or a large +ig, were a +reistoric s+ecies tat lived on te island of Crete during Crete during te Pleistocene te Pleistocene e+oc. e+oc.
C. AS ASIG IGNM NME ENT
I%entif+ an o&)ect* &uil%ing* region* or concet an% then romote or tell it &+ the u!e of comar comari!o i!on n of a%)ect a%)ecti,e i,e an% or a%,er& a%,er& of manner manner$$ Before Before ma3ing ma3ing comar comari!o i!on* n* ma3e intro%uctor+ "or%! fir!t in aroun% -1 !entence!$ There !houl% &e aroun% 2 e;ual;ualit+ %egree* ( comarati,e %egree* ( !uerlati,e %egree of comari!on of a%)ecti,e or a%,er& of manner$ There "ill &e aroun% #4#1 !entence! altogether$
D. EVA EVALATI!N LATI!N
Stu%ent! "ill &e e,aluate% on the correct con!truction of comari!on of a%)ecti,e an% a%,er& of manner* fluenc+* an% correct ronunciation of the ,er&!* choice of "or%!* correct ten!e!* an% correct !entence !tructure$
ENGLISH 2: For Students P r o g r a m , A M |
of
Business
Administration
