Chapter 02 TCP-IP and Subnet Planning v2.0.PDF

Training Objectives HUAWEI

TCP/IP

Subnetwork planning

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI

TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model OSI reference model

7

Application layer

6

Presentation layer

5

Conversation layer

4

Transport layer

3

Network layer

2

Data link layer

1

Physical layer

TCP/IP Protocol layers

Application layer

Transport layer Interconnection layer

Network access layer

TCP/IP has simple hierarchy design In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.

www.huawei.com

TCP/IP Protocol Stack HUAWEI

Application layer

HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, Ping, etc

TCP/UDP

Network layer Interconnection layer

Network access layer

IP

ICMP ARP/RARP

Ethernet, 802.3, PPP, HDLC, FR, etc

Interfaces and wires/cables

Provide application program network interfaces Establish terminal to terminal connection Addressing and route selecting Physical media visit

Binary data flow transmission

www.huawei.com

TCP/IP Data Encapsulation HUAWEI

TELNET FTP

SMTP

TFTP Application layer

23

20/21 25

TCP/UDP 6 17 IP PACKETS

69

Transport layer Interconnection layer

FRAMES BITS

Network access layer

www.huawei.com

Application layer HUAWEI

File transfer: FTP, TFTP Mail service: SMTP, POP3 Network management: SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert Network service: HTTP, DNS, WINS www.huawei.com

Transport Layer protocol Overview HUAWEI

Application layer Transport layer

TCP UDP

Network layer

Network access layer

www.huawei.com

TCP/UDP Message HUAWEI

TCP message format Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　 ｐｏｒｔ

Ｄｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏ ｎ　ｐｏｒｔ

Ｆｌａｇ　

Ｗｉｎｄｏｗ

Ｓｙｎ　

Ｃｈｅｃｋｓｕｍ

Ｃｏｎｆｉｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　 ｎｕｍｂｅｒ

Ｏｐｔｉｏｎ

Ｏｆｆｓｅｔ

Ｄａｔａ

UDP message format Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ｐｏｒｔ

Ｄｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎ　 ｐｏｒｔ

Ｌｅｎｇｔｈ

Ｃｈｅｃｋｓｕｍ

Ｄａｔａ

www.huawei.com

Port Number HUAWEI

HTTP 80

FTP

Telnet SMTP

20/21

23

Socket

TCP

25

DNS 53

TFTP 69

SNMP 161

UDP IP data packet

TCP TCPprotocol protocoluses usesport portnumbers numberstotomark markand anddistinguish distinguishvarious variousapplication applicationprograms programs

www.huawei.com

TCP Connection HUAWEI

Internet Host

Message Segment 1

Syn =b

Establish connection

Server

Syn=a

Message Segment 2

Confirming number=a+1 Message Segment 3 Confirming number=b+1

www.huawei.com

Slide Window HUAWEI

Send party

Receive party

1 2 3

Window size=3

Confirmation 4 4 5 6

Window size=2

7 8

Confirmation 7 Confirmation 9

Window size=0

The Theslide slidewindow windowmechanism mechanismrealizes realizesflow flowcontrol controlthrough throughdynamically dynamicallyadjusting adjustingthe thewindow windowsize size

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI

Network Layer Protocol Overview

Application layer Transport layer Network layer Network access layer

IP ARP RARP ICMP

www.huawei.com

IP HUAWEI

0

4

Version

8 Message length

16 Total length

Service type Flag

Identification Time to live

31

Protocol

Chip offset

Message header checksum

Source IP address Destination IP address IP options

www.huawei.com

ARP HUAWEI Broadcast received. This is Ethernet address！

I need Ethernet address of 10.0.0.1

10.0.0.2

10.0.0.1 B

A

IP :10.0.0.1 = ? ? ? Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

•Map •Map IP IP address address to to MAC MAC address address •Local •Local AR AR

www.huawei.com

RARP HUAWEI

What’s my IP address?

I’ll tell you!

RARP ser ver

Diskless workstation

Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030 IP=? Ethernet=:0010:0020:0030

IP :10.0.0.1

www.huawei.com

ICMP HUAWEI

Here I

am！

Is B accessible?

A

B

ICMP Echo Request

ICMP Echo Reply

www.huawei.com

Introduction to IP Address HUAWEI

10.110.192.111

20.130.188.144

•IP •IP address address uniquely uniquely identifies identifies aa piece piece of of network network equipment; equipment; •Private •Private IP IP addresses addresses

www.huawei.com

Types of IP Addresses HUAWEI

0 1 2 34 Type A

0

Type B

10

Type C

110

Type D

1110

Type E

11110

8

net-id

16

24

31

host-id

net-id

host-id

net-id

host-id

Multi-cast address

Reserved for future use

Fi gur e 2 5 t ypes of I P addr ess net-id— net work No. host-id — host number

www.huawei.com

Special IP Addresses HUAWEI

Network part

Any

Any

127

Host part

Completely“0”

Completely“1”

any

Completely“0”

Completely“1”

Address type

Network address

Use Representing a network Segment

Broadcast address

All the nodes of a Specially designated network segment

Loop back address

Loop test

All networks

Broadcast address

Huawei Quidway router used Designate default routes All nodes of Local network segment

www.huawei.com

No Subnet Addressing HUAWEI

Type B network segment 172.16.0.0 172.16.30.1

172.16.28.1

172.16.30.10 www.huawei.com

Addressing with Subnets HUAWEI

Network segment: 172.16.0.0 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0

Net wor k 172.16.8.1 255.255.255.0

www.huawei.com

Example of Addressing with Subnets HUAWEI

172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0

172.16.4.0/24 172.16.8.0/24

172.16.8.160 255.255.255.0

www.huawei.com

Subnet Planning HUAWEI

201.222.5.0 255.255.255.0

201.222.5.8 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.16 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.24 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.32

201.222.5.9 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.17 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.25 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.33 255.255.255.248

255.255.255.248

www.huawei.com

Example of Subnet Type B Planning HUAWEI

Subnet address Host address Broadcast address

IP host address Subnet mask

172.16.2.0 172.16.2.1-172.16.2.2 54 172.16.2.255

172.16.2.120 255.255.255.0

www.huawei.com

Example of Subnet Type C Planning HUAWEI

Subnet address Host address Broadcast address

192.168.5.120 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.1 26 192.168.5.127

IP host address Subnet mask

192.168.5.121 255.255.255.248

Number of subnet bits

Subnet mask

Number of subnets

2

255.255.255.192

Number of hosts per subnet 2 62

3

255.255.255.224

6

30

4

255.255.255.240

14

14

5

255.255.255.248

30

6

6

255.255.255.252

62

2

www.huawei.com

Variable Long Subnet Masking (VLSM) HUAWEI

192.168.1.32/27 192.168.1.160/30

192.168.1.64/27

ISP

Anouncement 192.168.1.0

192.168.1.164/30 192.168.1.168/30

192.168.1.96/27 192.168.1.172/30

192.168.1.128/27

www.huawei.com

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) HUAWEI

198.168.1.0

Internet

Announcement route 198.168.0.0/16

198.168.2.0

ISP 198.168.3.0

CIDR CIDRreduces reducesscale scaleof ofroute routetable tableand andenhances enhancesnetwork networkextensibility extensibility

www.huawei.com

Brief Summary HUAWEI

TCP/IP protocol stack

IP address classification

Subnet planning

www.huawei.com