CHAPTER 9 INVENTORIES: ADDITIONAL VALUATION ISSUES CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe and apply the lower-of-cost-or- net realizable value rule. 2. Explain when companies value inventories at net realizable value. 3. Explain when companies use the relative standalone sales value method to value inventories. 4. Discuss accounting issues related to purchase commitments. 5. Determine ending inventory by applying the gross profit method. 6. Determine ending inventory by applying the retail inventory method. 7. Explain how to report and analyze inventory.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual 1.
A company should abandon the historical cost principle when the future utility of the inventory item falls below its original cost.
2.
The lower-of-cost-or-net realizable method is used for inventory despite being less conservative than valuing inventory at net realizable value.
3.
Application of the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule results in inconsistency because a company may value inventory at cost in one year and at net realizable value in the next year.
4.
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) require that a company record an inventory write-down as part of cost of goods sold.
5.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), when companies value inventory using the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value (LCNRV), in most situations, companies price inventory on a total–inventory basis.
6.
Biological assets, such as milking cows, are reported as non-current assets at fair value less costs to sale (net realizable value).
7.
The unrealized gains and losses related to recording biological assets at their correct valuation are reported as part of other comprehensive income on the statement of comprehensive income.
8.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), net realizable value is the general rule for valuing commodities held by broker-traders.
9.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), separate reporting of reversals of inventory write-downs in the period of sale are required.
10.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), agricultural activity can result in the production of both agricultural produce and biological assets.
11.
An inventory of wheat held by a broker-trader is valued at net realizable value.
12.
Agricultural produce is harvested from biological assets and is measured at fair value less costs to sell at the point of harvest.
13.
In a basket purchase, the cost of the individual assets acquired is determined on the basis of their relative standalone sales value.
14.
A basket purchase occurs when a company agrees to buy inventory weeks or months in advance.
15.
Most purchase commitments must be recorded as a liability.
16.
If the contract price on a noncancelable purchase commitment exceeds the market price, the buyer should recognize a liability and corresponding loss in the period in which the market decline takes place.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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17.
When a buyer enters into a formal, noncancelable purchase contract, an asset and a liability are recorded at the inception of the contract.
18.
In late 2015, Daisy Company entered into a noncancelable purchase contract for which the contract price is now greater than the market price, and Daisy expects that losses will occur when the purchase is executed in early 2016. Under IFRS, Daisy should recognize a liability and corresponding loss in 2015.
19.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), a company who recorded a loss on a purchase commitment in 2015 cannot record a recovery of that loss in 2016 if prices improve.
20.
The gross profit method can be used to approximate the dollar amount of inventory on hand.
21.
In most situations, the gross profit percentage is stated as a percentage of cost.
22.
A disadvantage of the gross profit method is that it uses past percentages in determining the markup.
23.
When the conventional retail method includes both net markups and net markdowns in the cost-to-retail ratio, it approximates a lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value valuation.
24.
In the retail inventory method, the term markup means a markup on the original cost of an inventory item.
25.
In the retail inventory method, abnormal shortages are deducted from both the cost and retail amounts and reported as a loss.
26.
The inventory turnover is computed by dividing the cost of goods sold by the ending inventory on hand.
27.
The average days to sell inventory represents the average number of days’ sales for which a company has inventory on hand.
28.
Under IFRS, LIFO is permitted for financial reporting purposes if the company’s host country permits it for tax purposes.
29.
Under U.S. GAAP, if inventory is written down under lower-of-cost-or-market, it may not be written back up to its original cost in a subsequent period.
30.
IFRS requires inventory to be written down below its original cost in some situations, but inventory cannot be written up above its original cost.
True False Answers—Conceptual Item 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ans. T F T F F
Item 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ans. T F T T T
Item 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Ans. T T T F F
Item 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Ans. T F T F T
Item 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Ans. F T F F T
Item 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Ans. F T F T T
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
MULTIPLE CHOICE—Conceptual
S
31.
LCNRV of inventory a. is always either the net realizable value or its cost. b. should always be equal to net realizable value. c. may sometimes be less than net realizable value. d. should always be equal to net realizable value less costs to complete.
32.
Lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value a. gives the lowest valuation if applied to the total inventory. b. gives the lowest valuation if applied to major groups of inventory. c. gives the lowest valuation if applied to individual items of inventory. d. must be applied to major groups for taxes.
33.
When the cost-of-goods-sold method is used to record inventory at net realizable value a. there is a direct reduction in the selling price of the product that results in a loss being recorded on the income statement prior to the sale. b. a loss is recorded directly in the inventory account by crediting inventory and debiting loss on inventory decline. c. only the portion of the loss attributable to inventory sold during the period is recorded in the financial statements. d. the net realizable value figure for ending inventory is substituted for cost and the loss is buried in cost of goods sold.
34.
Lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value as it applies to inventory is best described as the a. reporting of a loss when there is a decrease in the future utility below the original cost. b. method of determining cost of goods sold. c. assumption to determine inventory flow. d. change in inventory value to net realizable value.
35.
Why are inventories stated at lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value? a. To report a loss when there is a decrease in the future utility. b. To be conservative. c. To report a loss when there is a decrease in the future utility below the original cost. d. To permit future profits to be recognized.
36.
Which of the following is not an acceptable method of applying the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value method to inventory? a. Inventory location. b. Groups of inventory items. c. Individual item. d. Total of the inventory.
37.
Which method(s) may be used to record a loss due to a price decline in the value of inventory? a. Loss method. b. Sales method. c. Cost-of-goods-sold method. d. Both the loss method and the cost-of-goods-sold method.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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38.
When inventory declines in value below original (historical) cost what is the maximum amount that the inventory can be valued at? a. Sales price b. Net realizable value c. Historical cost d. Sales price reduced by estimated costs to sell
39.
Net realizable value is a. fair value plus estimated costs to complete and make a sale. b. selling price. c. selling price plus estimated costs to complete and make a sale. d. selling price less estimated costs to complete and make a sale.
40.
Shake Company’s inventory experienced a decline in value necessitating a write-down to lower of cost or net realizable value (LCNRV) of $230,000. This amount is material to Shake’s income statement and the company follows IFRS. Where should Shake Company report this decline in value according to IFRS? I. As a loss on the income statement. II. As a separate component of other comprehensive income on the statement of comprehensive income. III. As part of cost of goods sold on the income statement. a. Shake must use I. b. Shake must use I, II or III. c. Shake must use I, or III. d. Shake must use III.
41.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value (LCNRV)? a. Net realizable value (NRV) is the selling price less estimated costs to complete and estimated costs to make a sale. b. In most situations, companies price inventory on a total-inventory basis. c. One of two methods may be used to record the income effect of valuing inventory at net realizable value. d. Companies use an allowance account, the “Allowance to Reduce Inventory to Net Realizable Value.”
42.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which of the following is true regarding inventory write-downs and/or recovery of a write-down? a. Recovery of inventory write-downs is prohibited under IFRS. b. IFRS requires separate reporting of reversals of inventory write-downs. c. IFRS requires companies to record write-downs in a separate loss account. d. All of the choices are correct.
43.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), net realizable value is the general rule for valuing which of the following types of inventory? a. Commodities held by broker-traders. b. Computer components held for sale to manufacturers. c. Inventories priced on an item by-item basis, but not those priced on a total-inventory basis. d. All of the choices are held at NRV under IFRS.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
44.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), agricultural activity results in which of the following types of assets? I. Agricultural produce II. Biological assets a. I only. b. II only. c. I and II. d. Neither I nor II.
45.
Agricultural produce is a. Harvested from biological assets. b. Valued at the time of harvest at its cost to produce. c. Valued at each reporting period at its fair value less costs to sell. d. All of the choices are correct regarding agricultural produce.
46.
Commodity broker-traders a. Produce or raise commodities such as corn, wheat, or precious metals. b. Hold their inventory primarily to sell the commodities in the near term and generate a profit from price fluctuations. c. Value their inventories at the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value (LCNRV). d. All of the choices are correct regarding broker-traders.
47.
Situations in which net realizable value is used to value inventory include a. agricultural inventory. b. minerals and mineral products. c. commodities held by broker-traders. d. All of these are correct.
48.
If a material amount of inventory has been ordered through a formal purchase contract at the statement of financial position date for future delivery at firm prices, a. this fact must be disclosed. b. disclosure is required only if prices have declined since the date of the order. c. disclosure is required only if prices have since risen substantially. d. an appropriation of retained earnings is necessary.
49.
The credit balance that arises when a net loss on a purchase commitment is recognized should be a. presented as a current liability. b. subtracted from ending inventory. c. presented as an appropriation of retained earnings. d. presented in the income statement.
50.
In 2015, Orear Manufacturing signed a contract with a supplier to purchase raw materials in 2016 for $700,000. Before the December 31, 2015 statement of financial position date, the market price for these materials dropped to $510,000. The journal entry to record this situation at December 31, 2015 will result in a credit that should be reported a. as a valuation account to Inventory on the statement of financial position. b. as a current liability. c. as an appropriation of retained earnings. d. on the income statement.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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51.
At the end of the fiscal year, Apha Airlines has an outstanding non-cancellable purchase commitment for the purchase of 1 million gallons of jet fuel at a price of $4.10 per gallon for delivery during the coming summer. The company prices its inventory at the LCNRV. If the market price for jet fuel at the end of the year is $4.50, how would this situation be reflected in the annual financial statements? a. Record unrealized gains of $400,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase commitment. b. No impact. c. Record unrealized losses of $400,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase commitment. d. Disclose the existence of the purchase commitment.
52.
At the end of the fiscal year, Apha Airlines has an outstanding purchase commitment for the purchase of 1 million gallons of jet fuel at a price of $4.60 per gallon for delivery during the coming summer. The company prices its inventory at the LCNRV. If the market price for jet fuel at the end of the year is $4.25, how would this situation be reflected in the annual financial statements? a. Record unrealized gains of $350,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase commitment. b. No impact. c. Record unrealized losses of $350,000 and disclose the existence of the purchase commitment. d. Disclose the existence of the purchase commitment.
53.
How is the gross profit method used as it relates to inventory valuation? a. Verify the accuracy of the perpetual inventory records. b. Verity the accuracy of the physical inventory. c. To estimate cost of goods sold. d. To provide an inventory value of LIFO inventories.
54.
Which of the following is not a basic assumption of the gross profit method? a. The beginning inventory plus the purchases equal total goods to be accounted for. b. Goods not sold must be on hand. c. If the sales, reduced to the cost basis, are deducted from the sum of the opening inventory plus purchases, the result is the amount of inventory on hand. d. The total amount of purchases and the total amount of sales remain relatively unchanged from the comparable previous period.
55.
The gross profit method of inventory valuation is invalid when a. a portion of the inventory is destroyed. b. there is a substantial increase in inventory during the year. c. there is no beginning inventory because it is the first year of operation. d. None of these are correct.
56.
Which statement is not true about the gross profit method of inventory valuation? a. It may be used to estimate inventories for interim statements. b. It may be used to estimate inventories for annual statements. c. It may be used by auditors. d. It may be used when fire or other catastrophe destroys the inventory.
57.
A major advantage of the retail inventory method is that it a. provides reliable results in cases where the distribution of items in the inventory is different from that of items sold during the period. b. hides costs from competitors and customers. c. gives a more accurate statement of inventory costs than other methods. d. provides a method for inventory control and facilitates determination of the periodic inventory for certain types of companies.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
58.
An inventory method which is designed to approximate inventory valuation at the lower of cost or net realizable value is a. last-in, first-out. b. first-in, first-out. c. conventional retail method. d. specific identification.
59.
The retail inventory method is based on the assumption that the a. final inventory and the total of goods available for sale contain the same proportion of high-cost and low-cost ratio goods. b. ratio of gross margin to sales is approximately the same each period. c. ratio of cost to retail changes at a constant rate. d. proportions of markups and markdowns to selling price are the same.
60.
Which statement is true about the retail inventory method? a. It may not be used to estimate inventories for interim statements. b. It may not be used to estimate inventories for annual statements. c. It may not be used by auditors. d. None of these are correct.
61.
When the conventional retail inventory method is used, markdowns are commonly ignored in the computation of the cost to retail ratio because a. there may be no markdowns in a given year. b. this tends to give a better approximation of the lower of cost or net realizable value. c. markups are also ignored. d. this tends to result in the showing of a normal profit margin in a period when no markdown goods have been sold.
62.
To produce an inventory valuation which approximates the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value using the conventional retail inventory method, the computation of the ratio of cost to retail should a. include markups but not markdowns. b. include markups and markdowns. c. ignore both markups and markdowns. d. include markdowns but not markups.
S
63.
Which of the following is not required when using the retail inventory method? a. All inventory items must be categorized according to the retail markup percentage which reflects the item’s selling price. b. A record of the total cost and retail value of goods purchased. c. A record of the total cost and retail value of the goods available for sale. d. Total sales for the period.
S
64.
Which of the following is not a reason the retail inventory method is used widely? a. As a control measure in determining inventory shortages b. For insurance information c. To permit the computation of net income without a physical count of inventory d. To defer income tax liability
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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65.
What condition is not necessary in order to use the retail method to provide inventory results? a. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs of products sold for the period. b. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs and retail value of goods purchased. c. Retailer keeps a record of the total costs and retail value of goods available for sale. d. Retailer keeps a record of sales for the period.
66.
What method yields results that are essentially the same as those of the conventional retail method? a. FIFO. b. Lower-of-average-cost-or-net realizable value. c. Average cost. d. LIFO.
67.
What is the effect of net markups on the cost-retail ratio when using the conventional retail method? a. Increases the cost-retail ratio. b. No effect on the cost-retail ratio. c. Depends on the amount of the net markdowns. d. Decreases the cost-retail ratio.
68.
What is the effect of freight-in on the cost-retail ratio when using the conventional retail method? a. Increases the cost-retail ratio. b. No effect on the cost-retail ratio. c. Depends on the amount of the net markups. d. Decreases the cost-retail ratio.
69.
Which of the following is not a common disclosure for inventories? a. Inventory composition. b. Inventory location. c. Inventory financing arrangements. d. Inventory costing methods employed.
P
70.
Which of the following statements is false regarding an assumption of inventory cost flow? a. The cost flow assumption need not correspond to the actual physical flow of goods. b. The assumption selected may be changed each accounting period. c. The FIFO assumption uses the earliest acquired prices to cost the items sold during a period. d. The LIFO assumption uses the earliest acquired prices to cost the items on hand at the end of an accounting period.
P
71.
The average days to sell inventory is computed by dividing a. 365 days by the inventory turnover. b. the inventory turnover ratio by 365 days. c. net sales by the inventory turnover. d. 365 days by cost of goods sold.
72.
The inventory turnover is computed by dividing the cost of goods sold by a. beginning inventory. b. ending inventory. c. average inventory. d. number of days in the year.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
73.
Replenish, Inc. develops and produces sports drinks for sale throughout the United States and Europe. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) prohibits Replenish, Inc. from using which of the following cost flow assumptions for its inventory? a. LIFO (last-in, first-out). b. Specific identification. c. Weighted-average. d. The IASB allows any of these cost flow assumptions as long as the company uses it consistently.
74.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding International Financing Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. GAAP with regard to inventory? a. LIFO (last-in, first-out) is permitted under IFRS but not under U.S. GAAP. b. When applying lower-of-cost-or-market, U.S. GAPP defines market as net realizable value. c. IFRS permits valuing inventories at fair value, similar to the accounting for property, plant, and equipment. d. Under U.S. GAPP, if inventory is written down under lower-of-cost-or-market, it may not be written back up to its original cost in a subsequent period.
Multiple Choice Answers—Conceptual Item
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.
Ans.
a c d a c a d
Item
38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.
Ans.
b d c b b a c
Item
45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.
Ans.
a b d a a b d
Item
52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.
Ans.
c a d d b d c
Item
59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
Ans.
a d b a a d a
Item
66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.
Ans.
b d a b b a c
Item
73. 74.
Ans.
a d
Solutions to those Multiple Choice questions for which the answer is “none of these choices are correct.” 55.
The gross profit percentage applicable to the goods in ending inventory is different from the percentage applicable to the goods sold during the period.
60.
Many answers are possible.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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MULTIPLE CHOICE—Computational 75.
Oslo Corporation has two products in its ending inventory, each accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Specific data with respect to each product follows: Selling price Historical cost Cost to sell Cost to complete
Product #1 $60 40 10 15
Product #2 $130 70 26 40
In pricing its ending inventory using the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value, what unit values should Oslo use for products #1 and #2, respectively? a. $35 and $64. b. $50 and $104. c. $40 and $70. d. $45 and $90. 76.
Muckenthaler Company sells product 2005WSC for $25 per unit. The cost of one unit of 2005WSC is $18. The estimated cost to complete a unit is $4, and the estimated cost to sell is $6. At what amount per unit should product 2005WSC be reported, applying lowerof-cost-or-net realizable value? a. $20. b. $15. c. $18. d. $19.
77.
Lexington Company sells product 1976NLC for $45 per unit. The cost of one unit of 1976NLC is $36. The estimated cost to complete a unit is $8, and the estimated cost to sell is $5. At what amount per unit should product 1976NLC be reported, applying lowerof-cost-or-net realizable value? a. $36. b. $32. c. $37. d. $40.
78.
Given the acquisition cost of product Z is $32, the cost to complete product Z is $9.00, the cost to sell product Z is $5, and the selling price for product Z is $50.00, what is the proper per unit inventory price for product Z? a. $32. b. $45. c. $36. d. $41.
79.
Given the acquisition cost of product ALPHA is $85, the cost to complete product ALPHA is $8, the cost to sell product ALPHA is $6, and the selling price for product ALPHA is $97, what is the proper per unit inventory price for product ALPHA? a. $85. b. $83 c. $79. d. $89.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
80.
Given the acquisition cost of product Dominoe is $86, the cost to complete for product Dominoe is $10, the cost to sell product Dominoe is $8, and the selling price for product Dominoe is $101, what is the proper per unit inventory price for product Dominoe? a. $91. b. $93. c. $83. d. $86.
81.
Given the historical cost of product Z is $150, the selling price of product Z is $190, costs to sell product Z are $21, and the cost to complete product Z is $30, what is the net realizable value that should be used in the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value comparison? a. $160. b. $169. c. $139. d. $150.
82.
Given the historical cost of product Z is $150, the selling price of product Z is $190, costs to sell product Z are $11, and the cost to complete product Z is $20, what is the amount that should be used to value the inventory under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value method? a. $130. b. $150. c. $159. d. $139.
83.
Given the historical cost of product Dominoe is $65, the selling price of product Dominoe is $90, costs to sell product Dominoe are $16, and the cost to complete the product is $14, what is the amount that should be used to value the inventory under the lower-ofcost-or-net realizable value method? a. $65. b. $76. c. $60. d. $74.
84.
Robust Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory. Product 66 has a cost of $6,500, a selling price of $7,100, a cost to complete of $600, and a cost to sell of $400. What is the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value for product 66? a. $5,900. b. $6,100. c. $6,500. d. $6,700.
85.
Robust Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory. Packit (Product # 874) has a cost of $498, a selling price of $536, a cost to complete of $62, and a cost to sell of $28. What is the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable inventory value for Packit? a. $446. b. $498. c. $536. d. $474.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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86.
Robust Inc. has the following information related to an item in its ending inventory. Acer Top has a cost of $502, a selling price of $568, a cost to complete of $53, and a cost to sell of $38. What is the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable inventory value for Acer Top? a. $515. b. $502. c. $477. d. $530.
87.
Rios, Inc. uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In 2014, Rios, Inc. experienced a decline in the value of its inventory resulting in a write-down of its inventory from $240,000 to $200,000. The company used the loss method in 2014 to record the necessary adjustment and uses an allowance account to reduce inventory to NRV. In 2015, market conditions have improved dramatically and Rios, Inc.’s inventory increases to an NRV of $216,000. Which of the following will Rios, Inc. record in 2015? a. A debit to Recovery of Inventory Loss for $16,000. b. A credit to Recovery of Inventory Loss for $24,000. c. A debit to Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV of $16,000. d. A credit to Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV of $24,000.
88.
Dub Dairy produces milk to sell to local and national ice cream producers. Dub Dairy began operations on January 1, 2015 by purchasing 840 milk cows for $1,176,000. The company controller had the following information available at year end relating to the cows: Milking cows Carrying value, January1, 2015 $1,176,000 Change in fair value due to growth and price changes 365,000 Decrease in fair value due to harvest (42,000) Milk harvested during 2015 $54,000 At December 31, 2015, what is the value of the milking cows on Dub Dairy’s statement of financial position? a. $1,176,000 b. $1,541,000 c. $1,134,000 d. $1,499,000
89.
Dub Dairy produces milk to sell to local and national ice cream producers. Dub Dairy began operations on January 1, 2015 by purchasing 840 milk cows for $1,176,000. The company controller had the following information available at year end relating to the cows: Milking cows Carrying value, January1, 2015 $1,176,000 Change in fair value due to growth and price changes 365,000 Decrease in fair value due to harvest (42,000) Milk harvested during 2015 but not yet sold $54,000 On Dub Dairy’s income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on biological assets will be reported? a. $ -0b. $365,000 c. $323,000 d. $54,600
9 - 14 90.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e Dub Dairy produces milk to sell to local and national ice cream producers. Dub Dairy began operations on January 1, 2015 by purchasing 840 milk cows for $1,176,000. The company controller had the following information available at year end relating to the cows: Milking cows Carrying value, January1, 2015 $1,176,000 Change in fair value due to growth and price changes 365,000 Decrease in fair value due to harvest (42,000) Milk harvested during 2015 but not yet sold $54,000 On Dub Dairy’s income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on harvested milk will be reported? a. No gain is reported until the milk is sold. b. $12,000 c. $54,000 d. $311,000
91.
Braum Dairy produces milk to sell to local and national ice cream producers. Braum Dairy began operations on January 1, 2015 by purchasing 650 milk cows for $780,000. The company controller had the following information available at year end relating to the cows: Milking cows Carrying value, January1, 2015 $780,000 Change in fair value due to growth and price changes 242,000 Decrease in fair value due to harvest (28,000) Milk harvested during 2015 but not yet sold $36,200 On Braum Dairy’s income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on biological assets will be reported? a. $ -0b. $242,000 c. $214,000 d. $36,200
92.
Braum Dairy produces milk to sell to local and national ice cream producers. Braum Dairy began operations on January 1, 2015 by purchasing 650 milk cows for $780,000. The company controller had the following information available at year end relating to the cows: Milking cows Carrying value, January1, 2015 $780,000 Change in fair value due to growth and price changes 242,000 Decrease in fair value due to harvest (28,000) Milk harvested during 2015 but not yet sold $36,200 On Braum Dairy’s income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on harvest milk will be reported? a. No gain is reported until the milk is sold. b. $8,200 c. $36,200 d. $205,800.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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93.
Lucy’s Llamas purchased 1,000 llamas on January 1, 2015. These llamas will be sheared semiannually and their wool sold to specialty clothing manufacturers. The llamas were purchased for $148,000. During 2015 the change in fair value due to growth and price changes is $9,400, the wool harvested but not yet sold is valued at net realizable value of $18,000, and the change in fair value due to harvest is ($1,150). What is the value of the llamas on Lucy’s Llamas statement of financial position on June 30, 2015? a. $156,250 b. $148,000 c. $146,850 d. $128,850
94.
Lucy’s Llamas purchased 1,000 llamas on January 1, 2015. These llamas will be sheared semiannually and their wool sold to specialty clothing manufacturers. The llamas were purchased for $148,000. During 2015 the change in fair value due to growth and price changes is $9,400, the wool harvested but not yet sold is valued at net realizable value of $18,000, and the change in fair value due to harvest is ($1,150). On Lucy’s Llamas income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on biological assets will be reported? a. $26,250 b. $27,400 c. $9,400 d. $8,250
95.
Lenny’s Llamas purchased 1,500 llamas on January 1, 2015. These llamas will be sheared semiannually and their wool sold to specialty clothing manufacturers. The llamas were purchased for $222,000. During 2015 the change in fair value due to growth and price changes is $14,100, the wool harvested but not yet sold is valued at net realizable value of $27,000, and the change in fair value due to harvest is ($1,750). What is the value of the llamas on Lenny’s Llamas statement of financial position on June 30, 2015? a. $234,350 b. $222,000 c. $220,250 d. $193,250
96.
Lenny’s Llamas purchased 1,000 llamas on January 1, 2015. These llamas will be sheared semiannually and their wool sold to specialty clothing manufacturers. The llamas were purchased for $222,000. During 2015 the change in fair value due to growth and price changes is $14,100, the wool harvested but not yet sold is valued at net realizable value of $27,000, and the change in fair value due to harvest is ($1,750). On Lenny’s Llamas income statement for the year ending December 31, 2015, what amount of unrealized gain on biological assets will be reported? a. $39,350 b. $41,100 c. $14,100 d. $12,350
9 - 16
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
97.
Turner Corporation acquired two inventory items at a lump-sum cost of $50,000. The acquisition included 3,000 units of product LF, and 7,000 units of product 1B. LF normally sells for $15 per unit, and 1B for $5 per unit. If Turner sells 1,000 units of LF, what amount of gross profit should it recognize? a. $1,875 b. $5,625. c. $10,000. d. $11,875.
98.
Robertson Corporation acquired two inventory items at a lump-sum cost of $40,000. The acquisition included 3,000 units of product CF, and 7,000 units of product 3B. CF normally sells for $12 per unit, and 3B for $4 per unit. If Robertson sells 1,000 units of CF, what amount of gross profit should it recognize? a. $1,500. b. $4,500. c. $8,000. d. $9,500.
99.
At a lump-sum cost of $48,000, Pratt Company recently purchased the following items for resale: Item M N O
No. of Items Purchased 4,000 2,000 6,000
Resale Price Per Unit $2.50 8.00 4.00
The appropriate cost per unit of inventory is: M N O a. $2.50 $8.00 $4.00 b. $2.07 $13.24 $2.21 c. $2.40 $7.68 $3.84 d. $4.00 $4.00 $4.00 100.
Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $3,000 and received 8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1 consists of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.25 each. Group 2 consists of 5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for 0.60 each. Group 3 consists of 500 pieces that are expected to sell for $1.20 each. Using the relative standalone sales value method, what is the cost per item in group 1? a. $0.250. b. $0.166. c. $0.200. d. $.0375.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
9 - 17
101.
Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $3,000 and received 8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1 consists of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.25 each. Group 2 consists of 5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for 0.60 each. Group 3 consists of 500 pieces that are expected to sell for $1.20 each. Using the relative standalone sales value method, what is the cost per item in group 2? a. $0.375. b. $0.600. c. $0.350. d. $.0398.
102.
Confectioners, a chain of candy stores, purchases its candy in bulk from its suppliers. For a recent shipment, the company paid $3,000 and received 8,500 pieces of candy that are allocated among three groups. Group 1 consists of 2,500 pieces that are expected to sell for $0.25 each. Group 2 consists of 5,500 pieces that are expected to sell for 0.60 each. Group 3 consists of 500 pieces that are expected to sell for $1.20 each. Using the relative standalone sales value method, what is the cost per item in group 3? a. $0.796. b. $0.375. c. $1.200. d. $0.900.
103.
During the current fiscal year, Jeremiah Corp. signed a long-term noncancellable purchase commitment with its primary supplier. Jeremiah agreed to purchase $2.5 million of raw materials during the next fiscal year under this contract. At the end of the current fiscal year, the raw material to be purchased under this contract had a market value of $2.3 million. What is the journal entry at the end of the current fiscal year? a. Debit Unrealized Holding Loss for $200,000 and credit Purchase Commitment Liability for $200,000. b. Debit Purchase Commitment Liability for $200,000 and credit Unrealized Holding Gain for $200,000. c. Debit Unrealized Holding Loss for $2,300,000 and credit Purchase Commitment Liability for $2,300,000. d. No journal entry is required.
104.
During the prior fiscal year, Jeremiah Corp. signed a long-term noncancellable purchase commitment with its primary supplier to purchase $2.5 million of raw materials. Jeremiah paid the $2.5 million to acquire the raw materials when the raw materials were only worth $2.2 million (which was also the value of the materials at the prior fiscal year end). Assume that the purchase commitment was properly recorded. What is the journal entry to record the purchase? a. Debit Inventory for $2,200,000, and credit Cash for $2,200,000. b. Debit Inventory for $2,200,000, debit Unrealized Holding Loss for $300,000, and credit Cash for $2,500,000. c. Debit Inventory for $2,200,000, debit Purchase Commitment Liability for $300,000 and credit Cash for $2,500,000. d. Debit Inventory for $2,500,000, and credit Cash for $2,500,000.
9 - 18 105.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e During 2015, Larue Co., a manufacturer of chocolate candies, contracted to purchase 100,000 pounds of cocoa beans at $4.00 per pound, delivery to be made in the spring of 2016. Because a record harvest is predicted for 2016, the price per pound for cocoa beans had fallen to $3.10 by December 31, 2015. Of the following journal entries, the one which would properly reflect in 2015 the effect of the commitment of Larue Co. to purchase the 100,000 pounds of cocoa is a. Cocoa Inventory............................................................. 400,000 Accounts Payable............................................... 400,000 b. Cocoa Inventory............................................................. 310,000 Loss on Purchase Commitments................................... 90,000 Accounts Payable............................................... 400,000 c. Unrealized Holding Loss................................................ 90,000 Purchase Commitments Liability........................ 90,000 d. No entry would be necessary in 2015
106.
RS Corporation, a manufacturer of ethnic foods, contracted in 2015 to purchase 500 pounds of a spice mixture at $5.00 per pound, delivery to be made in spring of 2016. By 12/31/15, the price per pound of the spice mixture had risen to $5.60 per pound. In 2015, AJ should recognize a. a loss of $2,500. b. a loss of $300. c. no gain or loss. d. a gain of $300.
107.
LF Corporation, a manufacturer of Mexican foods, contracted in 2015 to purchase 1,000 pounds of a spice mixture at $5.00 per pound, delivery to be made in spring of 2016. By 12/31/15, the price per pound of the spice mixture had dropped to $4.60 per pound. In 2015, LF should recognize a a loss of $5,000. b. a loss of $400. c. no gain or loss. d. a gain of $400.
108.
The following information is available for October for Barton Company. Beginning inventory Net purchases Net sales Percentage markup on cost
$ 50,000 150,000 300,000 66.67%
A fire destroyed Barton’s October 31 inventory, leaving undamaged inventory with a cost of $3,000. Using the gross profit method, the estimated ending inventory destroyed by fire is a. $17,000. b. $77,000. c. $80,000. d. $100,000.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues 109.
9 - 19
The following information is available for October for Norton Company. Beginning inventory Net purchases Net sales Percentage markup on cost
$100,000 300,000 600,000 66.67%
A fire destroyed Norton’s October 31 inventory, leaving undamaged inventory with a cost of $6,000. Using the gross profit method, the estimated ending inventory destroyed by fire is a. $34,000. b. $154,000. c. $160,000. d. $200,000. Use the following information for questions 110 and 111. Miles Company, a wholesaler, budgeted the following sales for the indicated months: Sales on account Cash sales Total sales
June $1,800,000 180,000 $1,980,000
July $1,840,000 200,000 $2,040,000
August $1,900,000 260,000 $2,160,000
All merchandise is marked up to sell at its invoice cost plus 20%. Merchandise inventories at the beginning of each month are at 30% of that month’s projected cost of goods sold. 110.
The cost of goods sold for the month of June is anticipated to be a. $1,440,000. b. $1,500,000. c. $1,520,000. d. $1,650,000.
111.
Merchandise purchases for July are anticipated to be a. $1,632,000. b. $2,076,000. c. $1,700,000. d. $1,730,000.
112.
Reyes Company had a gross profit of $360,000, total purchases of $420,000, and an ending inventory of $240,000 in its first year of operations as a retailer. Reyes’s sales in its first year must have been a. $540,000. b. $660,000. c. $180,000. d. $600,000.
113.
A markup of 40% on cost is equivalent to what markup on selling price? a. 29% b. 40% c. 60% d. 71%
9 - 20 114.
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e Kesler, Inc. estimates the cost of its physical inventory at March 31 for use in an interim financial statement. The rate of markup on cost is 25%. The following account balances are available: Inventory, March 1 Purchases Purchase returns Sales during March
$220,000 172,000 8,000 300,000
The estimate of the cost of inventory at March 31 would be a. $84,000. b. $144,000. c. $159,000. d. $112,000. 115.
On January 1, 2015, the merchandise inventory of Glaus, Inc. was $800,000. During 2015 Glaus purchased $1,600,000 of merchandise and recorded sales of $2,000,000. The gross profit rate on these sales was 25%. What is the merchandise inventory of Glaus at December 31, 2015? a. $400,000. b. $500,000. c. $900,000. d. $1,500,000.
116.
For 2015, cost of goods available for sale for Tate Corporation was $900,000. The gross profit rate was 20%. Sales for the year were $800,000. What was the amount of the ending inventory? a. $0. b. $260,000. c. $180,000. d. $160,000.
117.
On April 15 of the current year, a fire destroyed the entire uninsured inventory of a retail store. The following data are available: Sales, January 1 through April 15 Inventory, January 1 Purchases, January 1 through April 15 Markup on cost
$300,000 50,000 250,000 25%
The amount of the inventory loss is estimated to be a. $60,000. b. $30,000. c. $75,000. d. $50,000. 118.
The sales price for a product provides a gross profit of 25% of sales price. What is the gross profit as a percentage of cost? a. 25%. b. 20%. c. 33%. d. Not enough information is provided to determine.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
9 - 21
119.
Gamma Ray Corp. has annual sales totaling $650,000 and an average gross profit of 20% of cost. What is the dollar amount of the gross profit? a. $130,000. b. $97,500. c. $108,333. d. $162,500.
120.
On August 31, a hurricane destroyed a retail location of Vinny’s Clothier including the entire inventory on hand at the location. The inventory on hand as of June 30 totaled $320,000. From June 30 until the time of the hurricane, the company made purchases of $85,000 and had sales of $250,000. Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 40%, what is the approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed? a. $320,000. b. $181,500. c. $205,000. d. $255,000.
121.
On October 31, a fire destroyed PH Inc.’s entire retail inventory. The inventory on hand as of January 1 totaled $680,000. From January 1 through the time of the fire, the company made purchases of $165,000 and had sales of $360,000. Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 40%, what is the approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed? a. $680,000. b. $673,000. c. $485,000. d. $629,000.
122.
On March 15, a fire destroyed Interlock Company’s entire retail inventory. The inventory on hand as of January 1 totaled $1,650,000. From January 1 through the time of the fire, the company made purchases of $683,000, incurred freight-in of $78,000, and had sales of $1,210,000. Assuming the rate of gross profit to selling price is 30%, what is the approximate value of the inventory that was destroyed? a. $2,048,000. b. $1,486,000. c. $1,564,000. d. $2,411,000.
123.
Dicer uses the conventional retail method to determine its ending inventory at cost. Assume the beginning inventory at cost (retail) were $130,000 ($198,000), purchases during the current year at cost (retail) were $685,000 ($1,100,000), freight-in on these purchases totaled $43,000, sales during the current year totaled $1,050,000, and net markups (markdowns) were $24,000 ($36,000). What is the ending inventory value at cost? a. $153,164. b. $156,165. c. $157,412. d. $236,000.
9 - 22
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
124.
Boxer Inc. uses the conventional retail method to determine its ending inventory at cost. Assume the beginning inventory at cost (retail) were $65,500 ($99,000), purchases during the current year at cost (retail) were $568,000 ($865,600), freight-in on these purchases totaled $26,500, sales during the current year totaled $811,000, and net markups were $69,000. What is the ending inventory value at cost? a. $222,600. b. $174,366. c. $142,241. d. $152,308.
125.
Barker Pet supply uses the conventional retail method to determine its ending inventory at cost. Assume the beginning inventory at cost (retail) were $265,600 ($326,900), purchases during the current year at cost (retail) were $1,068,600 ($1,386,100), freight-in on these purchases totaled $63,900, sales during the current year totaled $1,302,000, and net markups (markdowns) were $2,000 ($96,300). What is the ending inventory value at cost? a. $316,700. b. $258,111. c. $411,000. d. $246,667.
126.
Crane Sales Company uses the retail inventory method to value its merchandise inventory. The following information is available for the current year: Beginning inventory Purchases Freight-in Net markups Net markdowns Employee discounts Sales
Cost $ 30,000 145,000 2,500 — — — —
Retail $ 50,000 200,000 — 8,500 10,000 1,000 205,000
If the ending inventory is to be valued at the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value, what is the cost to retail ratio? a. $177,500 ÷ $250,000 b. $177,500 ÷ $258,500 c. $175,000 ÷ $260,000 d. $177,500 ÷ $248,500 Use the following information for questions 127 through 129. The following data concerning the retail inventory method are taken from the financial records of Welch Company. Cost Retail Beginning inventory $ 49,000 $ 70,000 Purchases 224,000 320,000 Freight-in 6,000 — Net markups — 20,000 Net markdowns — 14,000 Sales — 336,000
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
9 - 23
127.
The ending inventory at retail should be a. $74,000. b. $60,000. c. $64,000. d. $42,000.
128.
If the ending inventory is to be valued at approximately the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value, the calculation of the cost to retail ratio should be based on goods available for sale at (1) cost and (2) retail, respectively of a. $279,000 and $410,000. b. $279,000 and $396,000. c. $279,000 and $390,000. d. $273,000 and $390,000.
129.
If the foregoing figures are verified and a count of the ending inventory reveals that merchandise actually on hand amounts to $54,000 at retail, the business has a. realized a windfall gain. b. sustained a loss. c. no gain or loss as there is close coincidence of the inventories. d. None of these choices are correct.
130.
Drake Corporation had the following amounts, all at retail: Beginning inventory Purchase returns Abnormal shortage Sales Employee discounts
$ 3,600 6,000 4,000 72,000 1,600
Purchases Net markups Net markdowns Sales returns Normal shortage
$120,000 18,000 2,800 1,800 2,600
What is Drake’s ending inventory at retail? a. $54,400. b. $56,000. c. $57,600. d. $58,400 131.
Goren Corporation had the following amounts, all at retail: Beginning inventory Purchase returns Abnormal shortage Sales Employee discounts
$ 3,600 6,000 4,000 72,000 1,600
What is Goren’s ending inventory at retail? a. $34,400. b. $36,000. c. $37,600. d. $38,400
Purchases Net markups Net markdowns Sales returns Normal shortage
$100,000 18,000 2,800 1,800 2,600
9 - 24
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
Use the following information for questions 132 through 134. Plank Co. uses the retail inventory method. The following information is available for the current year. Cost Retail Beginning inventory $ 78,000 $122,000 Purchases 295,000 415,000 Freight-in 5,000 — Employee discounts — 2,000 Net markups — 15,000 Net markdowns — 20,000 Sales — 390,000 132.
If the ending inventory is to be valued at approximately lower-of-average-cost-or-net realizable value, the calculation of the cost ratio should be based on cost and retail of a. $300,000 and $430,000. b. $300,000 and $428,000. c. $373,000 and $550,000. d. $378,000 and $552,000.
133.
The ending inventory at retail should be a. $160,000. b. $150,000. c. $144,000. d. $140,000.
134.
The approximate cost of the ending inventory by the conventional retail method is a. $95,900. b. $94,920. c. $98,000. d. $102,480.
135.
Fry Corporation’s computation of cost of goods sold is: Beginning inventory Add: Cost of goods purchased Cost of goods available for sale Ending inventory Cost of goods sold The average days to sell inventory for Fry are a. 58.4 days. b. 67.6 days. c. 73.0 days. d. 87.6 days.
$ 60,000 405,000 465,000 90,000 $375,000
9 - 25
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues 136.
East Corporation’s computation of cost of goods sold is: Beginning inventory Add: Cost of goods purchased Cost of goods available for sale Ending inventory Cost of goods sold
$ 60,000 405,000 465,000 80,000 $385,000
The average days to sell inventory for East are a. 56.9 days. b. 63.1 days. c. 66.4 days. d. 75.8 days. 137.
The 2015 financial statements of Sito Company reported a beginning inventory of $80,000, an ending inventory of $120,000, and cost of goods sold of $600,000 for the year. Sito’s inventory turnover for 2015 is a. 7.5 times. b. 6.0 times. c. 5.0 times. d. 4.3 times.
138.
Boxer Inc. reported inventory at the beginning of the current year of $360,000 and at the end of the current year of $411,000. If net sales for the current year are $2,214,600 and the corresponding cost of sales totaled $1,879,400, what is the inventory turnover for the current year? a. 5.74. b. 4.57. c. 5.39. d. 4.88.
Multiple Choice Answers—Computational Item
75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.
Ans.
a b b a b c c b c b
Item
85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94.
Ans.
Item
Ans.
Item
Ans.
a c c d c c c c a d
95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104.
a d b b c b d a a c
105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114.
c c b a a d d a a b
Item
115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124.
Ans.
c b a c c d d c a c
Item
125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134.
Ans.
Item
Ans.
b b b a b a a d d a
135. 136. 137. 138.
c c b d
9 - 26
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
MULTIPLE CHOICE—CPA Adapted 139.
Ryan Distribution Co. has determined its December 31, 2015 inventory on a FIFO basis at $250,000. Information pertaining to that inventory follows: Selling price Cost to sell Cost to complete
$255,000 10,000 30,000
Ryan records losses that result from applying the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value rule. At December 31, 2015, the loss that Ryan should recognize is a. $0. b. $5,000. c. $25,000. d. $35,000. 140.
Keen Company’s accounting records indicated the following information: Inventory, 1/1/15 Purchases during 2015 Sales during 2015
$ 600,000 3,000,000 3,800,000
A physical inventory taken on December 31, 2015, resulted in an ending inventory of $700,000. Keen’s gross profit on sales has remained constant at 25% in recent years. Keen suspects some inventory may have been taken by a new employee. At December 31, 2015, what is the estimated cost of missing inventory? a. $50,000. b. $150,000. c. $200,000. d. $250,000. 141.
Henke Co. uses the retail inventory method to estimate its inventory for interim statement purposes. Data relating to the computation of the inventory at July 31, 2015, are as follows: Cost Retail Inventory, 2/1/15 $ 200,000 $ 250,000 Purchases 1,000,000 1,575,000 Markups, net 175,000 Sales 1,750,000 Estimated normal shoplifting losses 20,000 Markdowns, net 110,000 Under the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value method, Henke’s estimated inventory at July 31, 2015 is a. $72,000. b. $84,000. c. $96,000. d. $120,000.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues 142.
9 - 27
At December 31, 2015, the following information was available from Kohl Co.’s accounting records: Cost Retail Inventory, 1/1/15 $147,000 $ 203,000 Purchases 833,000 1,155,000 Additional markups 42,000 Available for sale $980,000 $1,400,000 Sales for the year totaled $1,050,000. Markdowns amounted to $10,000. Under the lowerof-cost-or-net realizable value method, Kohl’s inventory at December 31, 2015 was a. $294,000. b. $245,000. c. $252,000. d. $238,000.
Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item
Ans.
Item
Ans.
Item
Ans.
Item
Ans.
139.
d
140.
a
141.
a
142.
d
DERIVATIONS — Computational No.
Answer Derivation
75.
a
Product 1: $60 – $10 – $15 = $35. Product 2: $130 – $26 – $40 = $64.
76.
b
NRV = $25 – $4 – $6 = $15.
77.
b
NRV = $45 – $8 – $5 = $32.
78.
a
$50 – $9 – $5 = $36; cost of $32 is LCNRV.
79.
b
$97 – $8 – $6 = $83.
80.
c
$101 – $10 – $8 = $83.
81.
c
$190 – $30 – $21 = $139.
82.
b
NRV = $190 – $11 – $20 = $159, $150 Cost, LCNRV = $150.
83.
c
NRV = $90 – $16 – $14 = $60, $65 Cost, LCNRV = $60.
84.
b
$7,100 – $600 – $400 = $6,100.
85.
a
$536 – $62 – $28 = $446.
86.
c
$568 – $53 – $38 = $477.
9 - 28
Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.) No.
Answer Derivation
87.
c
$216,000 – $200,000 = $16,000.
88.
d
$1,176,000 + $365,000 – $42,000= $1,499,000.
89.
c
$365,000 – $42,000 = $323,000.
90.
c
$54,000.
91.
c
$242,000 – $28,000 = $214,000.
92.
c
$36,200.
93.
a
$148,000 + $9,400 – $1,150 = $156,250.
94.
d
$9,400 – $1,150 = $8,250.
95.
a
$222,000 + $14,100 – $1,750= $234,350.
96.
d
$14,100 - $1,750 = $12,350.
97.
b
LF 3,000 × $15 = ($45,000 ÷ $80,000) × $50,000 = $28,125 1B 7,000 × $5 = $35,000; $35,000 + $45,000 = $80,000 (1,000 × $15) – ($28,125 × 1,000/3,000) = $5,625.
98.
b
CF 3,000 × $12 = ($36,000 ÷ $64,000) × $40,000 = $22,500 3B 7,000 × $4 = $28,000; $28,000 + $36,000 = $64,000 (1,000 × $12) – ($22,500 × 1,000/3,000) = $4,500.
99.
c
Item # of Items × Price M 4,000 × $2.50 = 10,000 N 2,000 × $8.00 = 16,000 O 6,000 × $4.00 = 24,000 50,000
10 ÷ 50 × $48,000 = $9,600 ÷ 4,000 = $2.40 16 ÷ 50 × $48,000 = $15,360 ÷ 2,000 = $7.68 24 ÷ 50 × $48,000 = $23,040 ÷ 6,000 = $3.84
100.
b
(2,500 × $0.25) + (5,500 × $0.60) + (500 × $1.20) = $4,525; [(2,500 × $0.25) ÷ $4,525] × $3,000 = $414 ÷ 2,500 = $0.166.
101.
d
(2,500 × $0.25) + (5,500 × $0.60) + (500 × $1.20) = $4,525; [(5,500 × $0.60) ÷ $4,525] × $3,000 = $2,188 ÷ 5,500 = $0.398.
102.
a
(2,500 × $0.25) + (5,500 × $0.60) + (500 × $1.20) = $4,525; [(500 × $1.20) ÷ $4,525] × $3,000 = $398 ÷ 500 = $0.796.
103.
a
$2.5 million – $2.3 million = $200,000.
104.
c
$2.5 million – $2.2 million = $300,000.
105.
c
($4.00 – $3.10) × 100,000 = $90,000.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
9 - 29
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.) No.
Answer Derivation
106.
c
No gain or loss since 12/31 price ($5.60) > contract price ($5,00).
107.
b
($5.00 – $4.60) × 1,000 = $400.
108.
a
($50,000 + $150,000) – ($300,000 ÷ 5/3) – $3,000 = $17,000.
109.
a
($100,000 + $300,000) – ($600,000 ÷ 5/3) – $6,000 = $34,000.
110.
d
(1 + .2)C = 1,980,000; C = $1,650,000.
111.
d
COGS:
112.
a
$360,000 + ($420,000 – $240,000) = $540,000.
113.
a
.40 .2857 29% 1 .40
114.
b
COGS = $300,000 ÷ 1.25 = $240,000 ($220,000 + $172,000 – $8,000) – $240,000 = $144,000.
115.
c
COGS = $2,000,000 × .75 = $1,500,000 $800,000 + $1,600,000 – $1,500,000 = $900,000.
116.
b
$900,000 – ($800,000 × .80) = $260,000.
117.
a
$300,000 $50,000 + $250,000 – ————— = $60,000. 1.25
118.
c
25% ÷ (100% – 25%) = 33%.
119.
c
$650,000 – ($650,000 ÷ 1.20) = $108,333.
120.
d
($320,000 + $85,000) – [$250,000 × (1 – .40)] = $255,000.
121.
d
($680,000 + $165,000) – [$360,000 × (1 – .40)] = $629,000.
122.
c
$1,650,000 + $683,000 + $78,000 – [$1,210,000 × (1 – .30)] = $1,564,000.
123.
a
$198,000 + $1,100,000 + $24,000 – $1,050,000 – $36,000 = $236,000; ($130,000 + $685,000 + $43,000) ÷ ($198,000 + $1,100,000 + $24,000) = .649; $236,000 × .649 = $153,164.
124.
c
$99,000 + $865,600 + $69,000 – $811,000 = $222,600; ($65,500 + $568,000 + $26,500) ÷ ($99,000 + $865,600 + $69,000) = 63.9%; $222,600 × .639 = $142,241.
July = $2,040,000 ÷ 1.2 = $1,700,000 Aug. = $2,160,000 ÷ 1.2 = $1,800,000 July’s purchase = ($1,700,000 × .7) + ($1,800,000 × .3) = $1,730,000.
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
DERIVATIONS — Computational (cont.) No.
Answer Derivation
125.
b
$326,900 + $1,386,100 + $2,000 – $1,302,000 – $96,300 = $316,700; ($265,600 + $1,068,600 + $63,900) ÷ ($326,900 + $1,386,100 + $2,000) = 81.5%; $316,700 × .815 = $258,111.
126.
b
Cost: $30,000 + $145,000 + $2,500 = $177,500. Retail: $50,000 + $200,000 + $8,500 = $258,500.
127.
b
$70,000 + $320,000 + $20,000 – $14,000 – $336,000 = $60,000.
128.
a
Cost: $49,000 + $224,000 + $6,000 = $279,000. Retail: $70,000 + $320,000 + $20,000 = $410,000.
129.
b
Conceptual.
130.
a
$3,600 + $114,000 + $18,000 – $4,000 – $70,200 – $1,600 – $2,800 – $2,600 = $54,400.
131.
a
$3,600 + $94,000 + $18,000 – $4,000 – $70,200 – $1,600 – $2,800 – $2,600 = $34,400.
132.
d
Cost: $78,000 + $295,000 + $5,000 = $378,000. Retail: $122,000 + $415,000 + $15,000 = $552,000.
133.
d
$122,000 + $415,000 – $2,000 + $15,000 – $20,000 – $390,000 = $140,000.
134.
a
$140,000 × .685 = $95,900.
135.
c
$375,000 ÷ [($60,000 + $90,000) ÷ 2] = 5; 365 ÷ 5 = 73.0.
136.
c
$385,000 ÷ [($60,000 + $80,000) ÷ 2] = 5.5; 365 ÷ 5.5 = 66.4.
137.
b
$600,000 ÷ [($80,000 + $120,000) ÷ 2] = 6 times
138.
d
$1,879,400 ÷ [($360,000 + $411,000) ÷ 2] = 4.88.
DERIVATIONS — CPA Adapted No.
Answer
Derivation
139.
d
$250,000 – $255,000 – $10,000 – $30,000 = $35,000.
140.
a
$3,800,000 × .75 = $2,850,000 (COGS) $600,000 + $3,000,000 – $2,850,000 – $700,000 = $50,000.
141.
a
($200,000 + $1,000,000) ÷ ($250,000 + $1,575,000 + $175,000) = 0.6 ($250,000 + $1,575,000 + $175,000 – $20,000 – $110,000 – $1,750,000) × 0.6 = $72,000.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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DERIVATIONS — CPA Adapted (cont.) No.
Answer
142.
d
Derivation $980,000 ÷ $1,400,000 = 0.7 ($1,400,000 – $10,000 – $1,050,000) × 0.7 = $238,000.
EXERCISES Ex. 9-143—Lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value. Determine the proper unit inventory price in the following independent cases by applying the lower of cost or net realizable value rule. Circle your choice. 1 2 3 4 5 Cost $80 $105 $120 $60 $72 Sales value 100 130 160 65 80 Cost to complete 18 19 21 4 6 Cost to sell 7 10 12 2 5 Solution 9-143 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3
$ 75 $101 $120
Case 4 Case 5
$59 $69
Ex. 9-144—Lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value. Determine the unit value that should be used for inventory costing following “lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value” A B C D Cost $20 $30 $22 $25 Sales value 23 35 27 30 Cost to complete 3 5 2 4 Cost to sell 2 2 1 2
Solution 9-144 Case A Case B Case C Case D
$18 $28 $22 $24
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
Ex. 9-145—Lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value. The December 31, 2015 inventory of Gwynn Company consisted of four products, for which certain information is provided below. Product A B C D
Original Cost $25 $42 $120 $18
Estimated Completion Cost $6 $12 $25 $3
Expected Selling Price $40 $58 $150 $26
Estimated Cost to sell $4 $8 $15 $2
Instructions Using the lower-of-cost-or-net realizable value approach applied on an individual-item basis, compute the inventory valuation that should be reported for each product on December 31, 2015. Solution 9-145 Net Real. Value $30
Cost $25
Lower-ofCost-orNRV $25
B
$38
$42
$38
C
$110
$120
$110
D
$21
$18
$18
Product A
Ex. 9-146—LCNRV Pinkel Company uses the LCNRV method, on an individual-item basis, in pricing its inventory items. The inventory at December 31, 2015, consists of products D,E,F,G,H, and I, Relevant perunit data for these products appear below. Item Item Item Item Item Item D E F G H I Estimated selling price €180 €165 €140 €135 €165 €135 Cost 110 120 120 120 75 54 Cost to complete 45 45 35 50 45 45 Selling costs 15 27 15 30 15 30 Instructions Using the LCNRV rule, determine the proper unit value for statement of financial position reporting purposes at December 31, 2015, for each of the inventory items above.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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Solution 9-146 Item D
Net Realizable. Value €120*
Cost €110
LCNRV €110
E
93
120
93
F
90
120
90
G
55
120
55
H
105
75
75
1 60 54 54 *Estimated selling price – Estimated selling costs and cost to complete = €180 – €45 – €15 = €120.
Ex. 9-147—LCNRV—Journal Entries Dover Company began operations in 2015 and determined its ending inventory at cost and at a LCNRV at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2016. This information is presented below. Cost
Net Realizable Value
12/31/15
£520,000
£485,000
12/31/16
615,000
585,000
Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries required at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2016, assuming that the inventory is recorded at LCNRV, using a perpetual inventory system and the cost-of-goods-sold method. (b) Prepare the journal entries required at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2016, assuming that the inventory is recorded at cost, using a perpetual system and the loss method. (c) Which of the two methods above provides the higher net income in each year? Solution 9-147 (a) 12/31/15 Cost of Goods Sold………………………………… Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV…………………….. 12/31/16
(b) 12/31/15
Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV…………………………….. Costs of Goods Sold………………… ₤35,000 – (₤615,000 – ₤585,000) Loss Due to Decline of Inventory to NRV…………………………… Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV…………..
35,000 35,000 5,000 5,000
35,000 35,000
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
Solution 9-147 cont. 12/31/16
Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV……………………………..5,000 Recovery of Inventory Loss…………
5,000
(c) Both methods provide the same net income.
Ex. 9-148 –Valuation at Net Realizable Value. Akimora Dairy began operations on April 1, 2015, with purchase of 250 milking cows for ¥8,500,000. It has completed the first month of operations and has the following information for its milking cows at the end of April 2015 (000 omitted). Milking cows Change in fair value due to growth and price changes* ¥(250,000) Decrease in fair value due to harvest (15,000) Milk harvested during April 2015 (at net realizable value) 90,000 *Due to a very high rate of calving in the past month, there is a glut of milking cows on the market. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for Akimora’s biological asset (milking cows) for the month of April 2015. (b) Prepare the journal entry for the milk harvested by Akimora during April 2015. (c) Akimora sells the milk harvested in April on the local milk exchange and receives ¥93,000. Solution 9-148 (a) Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income.................... Biological Assets – Milking Cows.............................
265,000 265,000
(b) Milk Inventory................................................................. Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income..............
90,000
(c) Cash.............................................................................. Cost of Goods Sold........................................................ Milk Inventory........................................................... Sales Revenue.........................................................
93,000 90,000
90,000
90,000 93,000
Ex. 9-149 – Relative standalone sales value method. Doran Realty Company purchased a plot of ground for $800,000 and spent $2,100,000 in developing it for building lots. The lots were classified into Highland, Midland, and Lowland grades, to sell at $100,000, $75,000, and $50,000 each, respectively.
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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Instructions Complete the table below to allocate the cost of the lots using a relative standalone sales value method. No. of Grade Lots Highland 20 Midland 40 Lowland 100 160
Selling Price $ $ $
Total Revenue $
% of Total Sales
Apportioned Cost Total Per Lot $ $ $ $ $
% of Total Sales 20% 30% 50%
Apportioned Cost Total Per Lot $ 580,000 $29,000 870,000 $21,750 1,450,000 $14,500 $2,900,000
$
Solution 9-149 Grade Highland Midland Lowland
No. of Lots 20 40 100 160
Selling Price $100,000 $75,000 $50,000
Total Revenue $ 2,000,000 3,000,000 5,000,000 $10,000,000
Ex. 9-150—Gross profit method. An inventory taken the morning after a large theft discloses $60,000 of goods on hand as of March 12. The following additional data is available from the books: Inventory on hand, March 1 Purchases received, March 1 – 11 Sales (goods delivered to customers)
$ 84,000 63,000 120,000
Past records indicate that sales are made at 50% above cost. Instructions Estimate the inventory of goods on hand at the close of business on March 11 by the gross profit method and determine the amount of the theft loss. Show appropriate titles for all amounts in your presentation. Solution 9-150 Beginning Inventory Purchases Goods Available Goods Sold ($120,000 ÷ 150%) Estimated Ending Inventory Physical Inventory Theft Loss
$ 84,000 63,000 147,000 (80,000) 67,000 (60,000) $ 7,000
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
Ex. 9-151—Gross profit method. On January 1, a store had inventory of $48,000. January purchases were $46,000 and January sales were $90,000. On February 1 a fire destroyed most of the inventory. The rate of gross profit was 25% of cost. Merchandise with a selling price of $5,000 remained undamaged after the fire. Compute the amount of the fire loss, assuming the store had no insurance coverage. Label all figures. Solution 9-151 Beginning Inventory Purchases Goods available Cost of sale ($90,000 ÷ 125%) Estimated ending inventory Cost of undamaged inventory ($5,000 ÷ 125%) Estimated fire loss
$ 48,000 46,000 94,000 (72,000) 22,000 (4,000) $18,000
Ex. 9-152—Gross profit method. Utley Co. prepares monthly income statements. Inventory is counted only at year end; thus, month-end inventories must be estimated. All sales are made on account. The rate of mark-up on cost is 20%. The following information relates to the month of May. Accounts receivable, May 1 Accounts receivable, May 31 Collections of accounts during May Inventory, May 1 Purchases during May
$21,000 27,000 90,000 45,000 58,000
Instructions Calculate the estimated cost of the inventory on May 31. Solution 9-152 Collections of accounts Add accounts receivable, May 31 Deduct accounts receivable, May 1 Sales during May
$ 90,000 27,000 (21,000) $ 96,000
Inventory, May 1 Purchases during May Goods available Cost of sales ($96,000 ÷ 120%) Estimated cost of inventory, May 31
$ 45,000 58,000 103,000 (80,000) $ 23,000
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues
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Ex. 9-153—Retail Inventory Method. Presented below is information related to Kuchinsky Company. Cost Beginning inventory € 280,000 Purchases 1,820,000 Markups Markup cancellations Markdowns Markdown cancellations Sales
Retail € 390,000 3,000,000 130,000 20,000 47,000 7,000 3,150,000
Instructions Compute the inventory by the conventional retail inventory method. Solution 9-153 Beginning inventory……………………………. Purchases………………………………………. Totals……………………………………….. Add: Net marksups Markups………………………………………. Markup cancellations………………………… Totals………………………………………………
Cost € 280,000 1,820,000 2,100,000 € 130,000 (20,000) €2,100,000
Deduct: Net markdowns Markdowns…………………………………… Markup cancellations………………………… Sales price of goods available………………….. Deduct: Sales…………………………………….. Ending Inventory ay retail……………………….. Cost-to-retail ratio =
Retail € 390,000 3,000,000 3,390,000
47,000 (7,000)
110,000 3,500,000
40,000 3,460,000 3,150,000 € 310,000
€2,100,000 60% €3,500,000
Ending inventory at cost = 60% × €310,000 = €186,000
PROBLEMS Pr. 9-154—Valuation at net realizable value. Reed Mangus purchased the Hillside Vineyard at an estate auction in April 2015 for €1,250,000. The purchase was risky because the growing season was coming to an end, the grapes must be harvested in the next several weeks, and Reed has limited experience in carrying off a grape harvest. At the end of the first quarter of operations, Reed is feeling pretty good about his early results. The first harvest was a success; 500 bushels of grapes were harvested with a value of €50,000 (based on current local commodity prices at the time of harvest). And, given the strong yield from area vineyards during this season, the net realizable value of Reed’s vineyard has
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
increased by €25,000 at the end of the quarter. After storing the grapes for a short period of time, Reed was able to sell the entire harvest for €60,000. Instructions (a) Prepare the journal entries for the Hillside biological asset (grape vines) for the first quarter of operations (the beginning carrying and net realizable value is €1,250,000). (b) Prepare the journal entry for the grapes harvested during the first quarter. (c) Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the grapes harvested in the first quarter. (d) Determine the total effect on income for the quarter related to the Hillside biological asset and agricultural produce. Solution 9-154 (a) Biological assets–Grape Vineyard…………………. 25,000 Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income
25,000
(b) Grape Inventory………………………………………. 50,000 Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income……
50,000
(c) Cash…………………………………………………… 60,000 Cost of Goods Sold………………………………….. 50,000 Grape Inventory………………………………….. Sales Revenue……………………………………
50,000 60,000
(d) Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income………. Unrealized Holding Gain or Loss – Income………. Gross Profit on sold Grapes………………………... Total Effect on Income……………………………….
€25,000 50,000 10,000 €85,000
Pr. 9-155—Gross profit method. On December 31, 2015 Felt Company’s inventory burned. Sales and purchases for the year had been $1,400,000 and $980,000, respectively. The beginning inventory (Jan. 1, 2015) was $170,000; in the past Felt’s gross profit has averaged 40% of selling price. Instructions Compute the estimated cost of inventory burned, and give entries as of December 31, 2015 to close merchandise accounts. Solution 9-155 Beginning inventory Add: Purchases Cost of goods available Sales Less (40% $1,400,000) Estimated inventory lost
$ 170,000 980,000 1,150,000 $1,400,000 560,000
840,000 $ 310,000
Inventories: Additional Valuation Issues Sales Revenue................................................................................ 1,400,000 Income Summary................................................................. Cost of Goods Sold......................................................................... Fire Loss......................................................................................... Inventory.............................................................................. Purchases............................................................................
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1,400,000
840,000 310,000 170,000 980,000
Pr. 9-156—Retail inventory method. When you undertook the preparation of the financial statements for Telfer Company at January 31, 2016, the following data were available: At Cost At Retail Inventory, February 1, 2015 $70,800 $ 98,500 Markdowns 35,000 Markups 63,000 Markdown cancellations 20,000 Markup cancellations 10,000 Purchases 219,500 294,000 Sales 345,000 Purchases returns and allowances 4,300 5,500 Sales returns and allowances 10,000 Instructions Compute the ending inventory at cost as of January 31, 2016, using the retail method which approximates lower of cost or net realizable value. Your solution should be in good form with amounts clearly labeled. Solution 9-156 At Cost Beginning inventory, 2/1/15 $ 70,800 Purchases $219,500 Less purchase returns 4,300 215,200 Totals $286,000 Add markups (net) Totals Deduct markdowns (net) Sales price of goods available Net sales Ending inventory, 1/31/16 at retail Ending inventory at cost: Ratio of cost to retail = $286,000 ÷ $440,000 = 65%; $90,000 × 65% = $58,500 $ 58,500
At Retail $ 98,500 $294,000 5,500 288,500 387,000 53,000 440,000 15,000 425,000 (335,000) $ 90,000
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Test Bank for Intermediate Accounting: IFRS Edition, 2e
Pr. 9-157—Retail inventory method. Presented below is information related to Carpenter Inc. Cost $375,000 1,369,000 90,000 27,000 – – – – –
Inventory, 12/31/15 Purchases Purchase returns Purchase discounts Gross sales (after employee discounts) Sales returns Markups Markup cancellations Markdowns Markdown cancellations Freight-in Employee discounts granted Loss from breakage (normal)
63,000 – –
Retail $ 550,000 2,050,000 120,000 – 2,110,000 145,000 180,000 60,000 65,000 30,000 – 12,000 8,000
Instructions Assuming that carpenter Inc. uses the conventional retail inventory method, compute the cost of its ending inventory at December 31, 2016. Solution 9-157 Beginning Inventory…………………….. Purchases……………………………….. Purchase returns………………………… Purchase discounts……………………… Freight-in………………………………….. Markups…………………………………… Markup cancellations……………………. Totals…………………………………. Markdowns……………………………….. Markdown cancellations………………… Sales………………………………………. Sales returns……………………………… Inventory losses due to breakage………. Employee discounts……………………… Ending inventory at retail…………………
Cost-to-retail ratio =
Cost $ 375,000 1,369,000 (90,000) (27,000) 63,000 $
180,000 (60,000)
$1,690,000
$1,690,000 65% $2,600,000
Ending inventory at cost: $580,000 x 65% = $377,000
(65,000) 30,000 (2,110,000) 145,000
Retail $ 550,000 2,050,000 (120,000) – – – 120,000 2,600,000 – (35,000) – (1,965,000) (8,000) (12,000) $ 580,000
