BAB_III_SISTEM_PROTEKSI_PADA_PENYULANG_2.docx

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

BAB III SISTEM PROTEKSI PADA PENYULANG 20kV

Sist Sistem em prot protek eksi si aa! aa!a" a" sist sistem em #a$% #a$% memi memisa sa"k "ka$ a$ &a%i &a%ia$ a$ sist sistem em #a$% #a$% ter%a$%%' se"i$%%a &a%ia$ sistem !ai$ apat ter's &eroperasi e$%a$ (ara se&a%ai  &erik't ) a* Me$ete Me$eteksi ksi aa$#a aa$#a %a$%%'a %a$%%'a$ $ ata' ko$isi ko$isi a&$orma! a&$orma! !ai$$# !ai$$#aa paa &a%ia$ &a%ia$ sistem #a$% iama$ka$$#a + fault detection)  &* Me!epaska$ &a%ia$ sistem #a$% ter%a$%%' (fault clearing) (* Mem&er Mem&erika ika$ $ i$ik i$ikasi asi aa$ aa$#a #a %a$% %a$%%'a %'a$* $* Kompo$e$,kompo$e$ pe$ti$% a!am sistem proteksi- aa!a" se&a%ai &erik't ) Re!ai Proteksi ) se&a%ai e!eme$ perasa #a$% me$eteksi aa$#a %a$%%'a$ a$ keaaa$ a&$orma! !ai$$#a (fault detection). Pem't's Te$a%a Te$a%a +PMT. ) Mem't'ska$ ar's %a$%%'a$ a!am sirkit te$a%a '$t'k me!epaska$ sistem #a$% ter%a$%%' (fault clearing). Se(ara si$%kat t'%as pokok pem't's te$a%a aa!a" ) /* Keaaa$ $orma!- mem&'ka  me$'t'p ra$%kaia$ !istrik* 2* Keaaa$ tiak $orma!- e$%a$ &a$t'a$ re!a# r e!a#-- PMT apat mem&'ka se"i$%%a %a$%%'a$ apat i"i!a$%ka$* Tra1o Ar's Ar's +T.+T.- Tra1o Te%a$ Te%a$%a$ %a$ +PT. +PT. a$ Tra1o Ar's Ar's Toroia oroia (zero  sequence current transformer) ) Se&a%a Se&a%aii a!at pe$%'&a" pe$%'&a"  pem&a$ pem&a$i$ i$% %  &esara$ primer me$3ai sek'$er* sek'$er* Batter# +Aki. ) se&a%ai s'm&er te%a$%a$ '$t'k trippi$% PMT serta (at' a#a '$t'k re!ai a$ re!ai &a$t' +a'4i!iar# re!a#.* 3.1 Syarat dan Karakteristik Relai o

Kepekaa$ + se$siti5it# . ) "ar's peka ter"aap %a$%%'a$ a!am ra$%sa$%a$ mi$im'm*

o

Kea$a!a$ + re!ia&i!it# . ) 

dependability +Ti$%kat dependability +Ti$%kat Kepastia$ Ker3a.) tiak &o!e" %a%a!

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

Security ) Kepastia$ '$t'k tiak sa!a" ker3a



o

Se!ekti1itas + se!e(ti5it# . ) security ) Pe$%ama$ "ar's apat memisa"ka$  &a%ia$ sistem #a$% ter%a$%%' seke(i!$#a #ait' "a$#a seksi ata' pera!ata$ #a$% ter%a$%%' sa3a #a$% termas'k kea!am ka6asa$ pe$%ama$ 'tama$#a*

o

Ke(epata$ + spee . ) memisa"ka$ aera" ter%a$%%' se(epat m'$%ki$ se"i$%%a ker'%ia$ ker'saka$ aki&at %a$%%'a$ apat imi$ima!isasi*

3.2 OCR ( Over Current Relay / Relai Arus Lebih )

OR &eker3a apa&i!a ter3ai ar's #a$% me!e&i"i setti$%a$$#a* Re!ai i$i  &eker3a '$t'k me!i$'$%i pera!ata$ !istrik !ai$$#a apa&i!a ter3ai ar's !e&i" aki&at) /* Aa$#a pe$am&a"a$ &e&a$ ata' perkem&a$%a$ &e&a$ 2* Aa$#a %a$%%'a$ "'&'$% si$%kat i 7ari$%a$ ma'p'$ I$sta!asi !istrik  Ga$%%'a$ "'&'$% si$%kat ter3ai a$tar 1asa #ait' 'a 1asa ma'p'$ ti%a 1asa #a$% me$%a!ir me!e&i"i $i!ai setti$%$#a + I set .* Pri$sip Ker3a Paa asar$#a re!a# ar's !e&i" aa!a" s'at' a!at #a$% me$eteksi  &esara$ ar's #a$% me!a!'i s'at' 3ari$%a$ e$%a$ &a$t'a$ tra1o ar's* 8ar%a ata' &esara$ #a$% &o!e" me!e6ati$#a ise&'t e$%a$ setti$%* Re!a# ar's !e&i" memi!iki 2 3e$is pe$%ama$a$ #a$% &er&ea a$tara !ai$) /* Pe$%ama$a$ "'&'$% si$%kat 1asa Re!a# me$eteksi ar's 1asa* O!e" kare$a it'- ise&'t p'!a 9Re!a# 1asa:* Kare$a paa re!a# terse&'t ia!iri o!e" ar's 1asa- maka setti$%$#a +Is. "ar's !e&i" &esar ari ar's &e&a$ maksim'm* Ditetapka$ ) Is ; /-2 4 I$ (In = arus nominal peralatan terlemah).

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

2* Pe$%ama$a$ "'&'$% ta$a" Ar's %a$%%'a$ sat' 1asa ta$a" aa kem'$%ki$a$ !e&i" ke(i! ari ar's &e&a$- i$i ise&a&ka$ kare$a sa!a" sat' ata' ari ke'a "a! &erik't) Ga$%%'a$ ta$a" i$i me!a!'i ta"a$a$ %a$%%'a$ #a$% masi" ('k'p ti$%%i* Pe$ta$a"a$ $etra! sistem$#a me!a!'i impea$sita"a$a$ #a$% ti$%%iata' &a"ka$ tiak ita$a"ka$ Paa ko$isi terse&'t- re!a# pe$%ama$ "'&'$% si$%kat +re!a# 1asa. tiak apat me$eteksi %a$%%'a$ ta$a" terse&'t* A%ar re!a# se$siti1  ter"aap %a$%%'a$ terse&'t a$ tiak sa!a" ker3a o!e" ar's &e&a$- maka re!a# ipasa$% tiak paa ka6at 1asa me!ai$ka$ ka6at $etra! paa sek'$er tra1o ar's$#a* De$%a$

emikia$

re!a#

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ar's

$etra!$#a-

 &erasarka$ kompo$e$ simetris$#a ar's $etra! aa!a" 3'm!a" ari ar's keti%a 1asa$#a* Ar's 'r'ta$ $o! ira$%kaia$ primer$#a &ar' apat me$%a!ir 3ika terapat 3a!a$ kem&a!i me!a!'i ta$a" +me!a!'i ka6at $etra!.* Karakteristik Relay Arus Lebih

/* Re!ai ar's !e&i" seketika + mome$t- i$sta$t . 2* Re!ai ar's !e&i" 6akt' terte$t' + e1i$it time . <* Re!ai ar's !e&i" 6akt' ter&a!ik + i$5erse time . =* Kom&i$asi 6akt' seketika e$%a$ 6akt' terte$t' >* Kom&i$asi 6akt' seketika e$%a$ 6akt' ter&a!ik  3.2.1 Gabaran Karakteristik Relai Arus Lebih

 A. Relai Arus Lebih Seetia ( moment! instant )

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

Karakteristik re!ai i$i &eker3a ta$pa aa$#a pe$'$aa$ 6akt'* 7a$%ka 6akt' m'!ai re!ai pi(k 'p sampai ker3a re!ai sa$%at si$%kat + 20 ms ? >0 ms .*  ". Relai Arus Lebih #atu tertentu ( definit time )

!"# K'm  para$ $ %1 & t C# Trip

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Karakteristik re!ai i$i &eker3a e$%a$ setti$%a$ 6akt'* 7a$%ka 6akt' m'!ai re!ai pi(k 'p sampai ker3a re!ai iperpa$3a$% e$%a$ "ar%a terte$t' tiak ter%a$t'$% &esar$#a ar's $. Relai Arus Lebih #atu %erbali ( in&erse time )

Karakteristik re!ai i$i &eker3a &erke&a!ika$ e$%a$ 6akt'* 7a$%ka 6akt' m'!ai re!ai pi(k 'p sampai ker3a re!ai &er&a$i$% ter&a!ik  e$%a$ &esar$#a ar's #a$% me$%er3aka$$#a* Karakteristik #a$% me$%er3aka$$#a ter&a%i atas ) a* Norma! I$5erse  &* Ver# i$5erse (* E4treme!# I$5erse * Lo$% Time I$5erse

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

S#AAR# *AK#+ K,R-A R,LA&

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 '. ombinasi Relai Arus Lebih Seetia dengan #atu %ertentu

Re!ai i$i &eker3a e$%a$ perpa'a$ 2 karakteristik* Apa&i!a ar's #a$% me!e6ati me!e&i"i I setti$% re!ai i$sta$t a$ e1i$it- maka ke'a karakteristik terse&'t sama ? sama &eker3a tetapi re!ai i$sta$t !e&i" (epat &eker3a maka i$ikasi re!ai me$'$3'kka$ i$sta$t sea$%ka$ apa&i!a ar's #a$% me!e6ati me!e&i"i Isetti$% re!ai e1i$it tetapi i&a6a" Isetti$% i$sta$t maka #a$% merasaka$ a$ &eker3a aa!a" karakteristik re!ai e1i$it sea$%ka$ karakteristik re!ai i$sta$t tiak   &eker3a*

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

 . ombinasi Relai Arus Lebih Seetia dengan #atu %erbali 

& ' & ' &s Re!ai i$i &eker3a e$%a$ perpa'a$ 2 karakteristik* Apa&i!a ar's #a$% me!e6ati me!e&i"i I setti$% re!ai i$sta$t a$ i$5erse- maka ke'a karakteristik terse&'t sama ? sama &eker3a tetapi re!ai i$sta$t !e&i" (epat &eker3a maka i$ikasi re!ai me$'$3'kka$ i$sta$t sea$%ka$ apa&i!a ar's #a$% me!e6ati me!e&i"i Isetti$% re!ai i$5erse tetapi i&a6a" Isetti$% i$sta$t maka #a$% merasaka$ a$ &eker3a aa!a" karakteristik re!ai i$5erse sea$%ka$ karakteristik re!ai i$sta$t tiak   &eker3a* 3.2.2 !eutus alik Otatis ( Recloser )

Pem't's &a!ik otomatis + Automatic circuit recloser = Recloser . i$i se(ara 1isik memp'$#ai kemamp'a$ seperti pem't's &e&a$- #a$% apat &eker3a se(ara otomatis '$t'k me$%ama$ka$ sistem ari ar's !e&i" #a$% iaki&atka$ aa$#a %a$%%'a$ "'&'$% si$%kat* 3.3 G$R ( ire0tinal Grund $ault Relay / Relai Arus Ganuan #anah )

DG@R aa!a" perpa'a$ 2 karakteristik re!ai #ait' ) /* DGR + Dire(tio$a! Gro'$ Re!a# . Re!e %a$%'a$ ta$a" &erara" ipasa$% paa pe$#'!a$% 20 kV se&a%ai  pe$%ama$ 'tama '$t'k me$%ama$ka$ %a$%%'a$ / p"asa ke ta$a"* Re!e i$i  &eker3a &erasarka$ 'a &esara$* Yait' ar's Io + ari T #a$% &ar' mema$% &ar' m'$('! ka!a' aa %a$%%'a$ ta$a" . a$ Vo + ari PT . Ope$ De!ta #a$% me$%"asi!ka$ s'at' s''t a$ ara" terte$t'* Bi!a sa!a" sat' kompo$e$ tiak terpe$'"i maka re!e tiak aka$ &eker3a*

2* G@R + Gro'$ @a'!t Re!a# Eart" @a'!t" .

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

Re!e ar's !e&i" ta$pa ara" ata' G@R aa!a" re!e #a$% &eker3a apa&i!a i!a!'i ar's #a$% me!e&i"i setti$%a$#a + ari T .* Ar's !e&i" #a$% ieteksi re!e i$i &erasa! ari %a$%'a$ p"asa ? ta$a"*

ZCT

LAPORAN KERJA PRAKTEK I  UNIVERSITAS MUSLIM INDONESIA 

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