Bab Vii Sistem Dengan Umpan Balik Dan Kestabilan

,-'$890203,3&25,3,,3089,-,3

' $$%&! $%

 $8902 $8902 0:3 0:3 %07-:, %07-:,  503 445 $8902 $8902 -07:9

0203 03/,

35:9 ,8:,3

/,5,9 /,2-,7,3 ,2-,7,3 80-,,

0203 88902

:95:9 0 :,7,3

$02039 $02039,7 ,7, , 88902 88902 /03, 03,3 3 :25, :25,3 3 -, -,  1 00/ -,. ,. 88 88902 902 /,2-,7,380-,,-07:9

!0274808 83,   35:9   7747 825,3,3









0203 88902

/,5,9

 :95:9

&25,3,

&25,3

-, /:3,,3 80-,, 83, ,3 2025 02503,7: 50303/,,3 88902 88902 &25,3 25,3 -, -, 207: 207:5, 5,,3 ,3 .7 .7 :8: :8:8 8 /,7 ,7 889 88902 02 ,3 ,3 2025:3,8,8,7,350303 /,,3 !027480883,425,7,947502-,3 /3 7747/5,,80-,,83,50307,50303 /,,3  ,,3  .43974,.943 .43974,.943

35:9 

!02-,3/3

7747 

774735:9:95:9

$.,47 

       

:95:9 

  

9,9:,43805%0344 

,-'$890203,3&25,3,,3089,-,3

4394$8902!03,9:7 %37  005

!0303/,  # 

7,3$

7 2,8:  











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

% %4

,9,8232:2,7

 %3,7 ,3 /33,3 %

 !4889:,8 $   7,3,7

!0303/,

005

!488 9:,8  # 

  %3 ,7 80-03,73, %4

%,3

$3, 093,3 ,7 $03847 !0,25:3

,,2

.4394 3 /,7,2 49, /8079, /03,3 9,3/, 5,3, 909,5 /03,3-08,7,3,3-07-0 /,,703,802:,9:,3,,,7,331472,8

4394$8902,3:8,!0302://,30834- ,3:8,!03,2,9,3 /,3!0303/,,3

',.:,3  

'07747 

!0/,,8

3, 2,2

4-

083/,3 002,397,3828

'24-

!:9,7,38:2-: ,9,:74/, $500/420907

9,9:,43805%0344 

,-'$890203,3&25,3,,3089,-,3

,,2

-,3, , :25,3 -, 202507-, 5071472,38 ,-,9 /,7 ,3:,3 !0302:/ 2025078058 0,/,,3 ,,3 ,33 89:,8 ,: 39,8 /,3 80-,,3, ,: /,,2 507,33, 80-,, 50303/, , 203,2,9 0.05,9,3203::7 07747 /,320347085488

4394$8902!03,9:7 %02507,9:7 %:-: 002-,-,370,91 ,33  507:-,,3902507,9:7  503:3,,3,349,-,/,3 %02507,9:7 ,3/003/, 4   073,9





,,3  03/, $:: !,/, 9,

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$,:7,3/,7,





$0

949

$03847:9

!03:,5,3

,/,3 :9

43974 ,7,3 /,7,   

,7,  

09,-4820

03

%02507,9:7 9:-:

:9

949

%02507,9:7:9

$03847/,,2

9,9:,43805%0344 

,-'$890203,3&25,3,,3089,-,3

!0303/,,3$8902%07,/,5,3:,3 /,7 :,7  $8902%,35,&25,3,$0-0:2 /9,2-,:25,3-,, /,, 7,,3907, /,5,3:,3 &,3:,3

 35:9

//07



 4:95:9

 &  &9/,/003/,907,:-08,7

$8902 /03,3&25,,:39:2030,3503,7:,3:,3 /,7 :,7,39 /,/33,3 



!02-,3/3

&,3:,3

//07









$8902 802:,    



  00203:25,3-,803847/8-  &

 

  

   

 

& 

   

503:,9/05,3,:89907,/,50 ,/33,3503,7:,3:,3 /90,3203, /

/,3

 ,/

 

   

 

,3,2,,

  -07,79/,3  

 

,,8

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  



    

& 

          &    

9,9:,43805%0344 

,-'$890203,3&25,3,,3089,-,3

425038,84942,98:39:203,3:,3002,,3 //,,288902 9:803/7 39073, $8902 9,35,&25,3,#,,3 907,/,5002,,3 39073,

!03:,9,3 

35:9

4:95:9

-,9:7:3803,2,,  -07,794:95:9,,39:7:35:,

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8,3,503:,9,39:7:3803,93,  

                    -07,794:95:99/,907503,7:     

,72,,-08,73,-8,/9:380-,,-07:9   

                   F        

 -07,79,7:89:7:3/,7203,/-,7:,/

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$8902

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35:9

$3, 425,7,947

:95:9 !74808

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35:9

7747  

:95:9 88902

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