b737mrg_ExteriorInspection

The Boeing 737

Exterior Inspection

by Captain Pat BOONE Pictures from Jan PASHIDIS – PASHIDIS – Renato Renato ZACHELLO ZACHELLO – – Krister Krister EDLUND and Chris BRADY – BRADY – author author of www.b737.org.uk www.b737.org.uk

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection

This presentation co vers the B oeing 73 737 7 (Classic ( Classic & Next Generation) Genera tion) pre-flight preflight Exterior Inspection a c c o r d i n g t h e B o e i n g F C OM OM N o r m a l P r o c e d u r e s and Cold Wea Weather ther Supp lementary Procedur es. For training training only, do no t use for op era eration tion ! A l w a y s u s e y o u r c o m p a n y p u b l i c at at i o n s as sole official sourc e !

Reference :

Legend :

Boeing 737 FCOM December 2009

(CL) = Classic (NG) = Next Generation


This presentation co vers the B oeing 73 737 7 (Classic ( Classic & Next Generation) Genera tion) pre-flight preflight Exterior Inspection a c c o r d i n g t h e B o e i n g F C OM OM N o r m a l P r o c e d u r e s and Cold Wea Weather ther Supp lementary Procedur es. For training training only, do no t use for op era eration tion ! A l w a y s u s e y o u r c o m p a n y p u b l i c at at i o n s as sole official sourc e !

Reference :

Legend :

Boeing 737 FCOM December 2009

(CL) = Classic (NG) = Next Generation


This presentation requires Microsoft ® PowerPoint 2003 ® or XP ® . Animation will be incorrect incorrect and and part of the text will will be unreadable unreadable when using using an earlier version of PowerPoint. You can download and install the free MS PowerPoint 2003 Viewer ® This free Viewer allows you to view all presentations created by PowerPoint 97 till 2003 without interference to another PowerPoint development program installed on your PC. The Viewer is supported by Windows 2000 SP3 – – Windows Windows XP – XP – Windows Windows ME – ME – Windows 98 SE (requires computer restart) – restart) – Windows Windows Server 2003 If you have another PowerPoint development program installed on your computer, this program will take precedence to the MS PowerPoint 2003 Viewer. Viewer. Therefore, you must : 1- download this presentation to your computer 2- from the Start Menu under All Programs, open the Microsoft Office PowerPoint Viewer 2003 and open this presentation file.


This 40 slides presentation com es with ov er 100 1 00 pictu res and lots of extra inform ation. Whether yo u are a newb ie to the 737 73 7 or an experie experienc nc ed B oeing 73 737 7 captain,

you will certainly discover interesting items… Don’t run through this presentation click-click-click-click-click-click … Instead, prior to v iewing the next p age, challenge y o u r s e l f “what am I looking for

when I’m doing the exterior inspection myself ?” a n d f i n d -o - o u t t h a t y o u m a y b e o v e r lo lo o k i n g s o m e i m p o r t a n t s a f et et y i t e m s !


This presentation is divided into 4 ch apters : 1- General Guidelin es 2- The Walk Aro un d 3- Cold W eather Operations 4- Top 10 Blunders…

General guidelines

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  General

guidelines

General Guidelines

- Surfaces and structures must be clear, not damaged and not missing - Fluids should not be leaking - Tires should not be worn, not damaged and no loose treads - Gear struts should not be fully compressed - Engines inlet and tailpipe should be clear, access panels should be secured, the engine exterior should not be damaged and the reverser must be stowed

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  General

guidelines

General Guidelines

- Doors and access panels (that are not in use for servicing) should be latched - Probes, vents and static ports must be clear and not damaged - Antennas may not be damaged - Light lenses should be clean and not damaged

The Walk-around Exterior Inspection – Normal Procedures

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  The

Walk-Around

 Left

Forward Fuselage

Left Forward Fuselage

An unaspirated TAT probe (recognizable by its perforation and a large hole at the rear of the strut) indicates a valid OAT on ground only when probe heat is OFF and after sufficient cooling time.

Exterior Inspection

Probes, sensors, ports, vents and drains …….. Check Doors and Access Panels (not in use) ……… Latched

Additional Information

Especially on (CL) make sure the pitot tubes and alpha vane are not damaged by the passenger bridge. On (NG) these probes are moved forward.

Aspirated and non-aspirated temperature probe…….. Exterior Emergency Exit Lights…………………………

“Now, what are you for lights Thelooking exterior emergency illuminate simultaneously with at this location ?” the interior emergency exit lights. (we n eed 2 items

An aspirated TAT probe delivers an Exterior emergency lights are accurate temperature measurement installed next to each entry/service on ground. This probe is cooled by here) door, overwing exits and behind APU bleed air from the left the wing root (picture). pneumatic duct.


Walk-Around

 Nose

Nose Exterior Inspection

Radome ………………………………………….. Check Forward E&E Door ………………………...…. Secured The radome is made of composite material for operation of the WX radar. Additional Information Six diverter strips transmit static build-up Lightning impact on the nose mayalso puncture during normal flight. These strips Noise vortex Generators ……………………………….. or exceptionally destroy the radome. decrease energy and prevent damage to the There After are two E&E accessstrike doors. Thisstrike, pictures each or bird ILS and WXlightning antenna (located inside the the showsradome the forward E&E door. The forward door maintenance inspection. radome) requires in the event of a lightning strike. provides access to the WX radar and PSEU Even with no apparent damage on the (NG). outside, thedoor composite material may still be The forward E&E and the main As from January 2005,E&E door damaged (delaminated) on the inside ! (located aft of Noise the nose wheel well) are guarded Vortex Generators are by a single EQUIP amber light on flightthe deck. installed on (NG) to the reduce flight deck ambient noise level by 3 decibel.

“What are you looking for at this location ?” (2 items )


Walk-Around

 Nose

Wheel Well

Nose Wheel Well Exterior Inspection

Tires and wheels ….…………………………….. Check Gear strut and Doors …………………………… Check Exterior Light …………………………………….. Check Nose Wheel Steering Assembly ………………. Check Nose Gear Steering Lockout Pin …………. As Thisneeded is not the Inspection Flood light, but the Dome Light. The red line indicates the Gear Pin …………………………………….. As needed maximum tow (CL) bar angle The Inspection Flood light

Nose Wheel Spin Brake (snubbers)(for……........ tow truck drivers) (onIn theplace aft wall) is a NOGO

Nose wheel requirement Shimmy Dampersfor night flight ! As a general rule, “3 fingers” (that is Picture (CL) showing both the Nose Gear Steering Additional Information 5 cm or 2 inches) of polished portion Lockout Pin (lower left) and the Gear Pin (top) of the strut should be visible. sensitive to Nose Flood are Light........... Check i n s i dWheel e an dWell a r oInspection u n d Some 737-800 tail-tipping. You may notice up to (CL) Nose Wheel Down & Locked marking....... Check “2 hands” during off -loading.

“What are you looking for the nose wheel well ?”

Picture (NG) Nose Wheel Steering cable assembly ………… Check Nose Wheel (7 items ) Ground Crew Horn


Walk-Around

 Right

Forward Fuselage

Right Forward Fuselage

A diverter strip above each Service/Entry Door guides away rain drops rolling down from the fuselage.

Exterior Inspection

Probes, sensors, ports, vents and drains …….. Check These avionics may not be t ouched Doors and Access Panels (not in use) ……… Latched

Oxygen Pressure Relief Green Disc Additional Information

without carrying The Crew Oxygen Bottlethe ground wired hand glove, you find stored The APUlocated starter in which ……...…. Although In place the E&E, servicing nearunit the E&E entry door ! converter and removal are done via the forward and P91 reset cargo compartment. (CL only) Circuit Breaker Forward Toilet Service Door

E&E Access Door ……………………………..….Closed Verify that the F/O W indow EscapeisHandle flush. The Light Switch locatedishere E&E Outflow Valve ………………………..Check Airflow

Let’s take a look inside the E&E (NG)


The Main Battery

Don’t call maintenance for a missing screw or bolt… ThisThe tiny GND hole is the outletBus for the water SERVICE drainmust flexible tube on the be powered for flight the deck, you EQUIP know, that annoying tube Cooling Normal on (CL) when you close sliding window… Exhaust fanthe to operate…


Walk-Around

 Right

Wing Root, Pack and Lower Fuselage

Right Wing Root, Pack and Lower Fuselage The ATC 2 antenna

Exterior Inspection

However, the light in the f orward and aft cargo The Cargo Compartment Access Panel allows door openings come without a lens cover. you to enter the f orward cargo compartment Ram Air Deflectorfrom Door …………………..… the passenger cabin. This panel isExtended located A missing cabin or cracked lens cover must be on the right hand side of the passenger Pack and Pneumatic Access Doors ………... th (737-8/900) replaced orSecured the light bulb must be near the 10th (737-6/700) – 13 as shown here. (MEL 33.04) window cutout – row E, below removed, the floor carpet.

Probes, sensors, ports, vents and drains …….. Check Do not enter the cargo compartment in case of

Ground Pneumatic Connection (into right Exterior Lights …………………………………… Check Before closing-up the cargo a (spurious) smoke/fire warning. The panel is Pneumatic Manifold Duct). This connection compartment, make sure you installed for the event that luggage is blocking

is located on the Check right-hand side of the Leading Edge Flaps ……………………………. don’t forget about him… the cargo door handle.


(400) Auxiliary FuelisTank Vent Inlet airplane because the ground engineer headset-connected on the same side.

With hydraulic system B unpressurized, the LE Krueger flaps may droop. Antenna’s …………………………………………Check Never grasp a LE Flap with your hands, Cargo Hold Lighting…………………..……Check because the flaps slam upwards if yourLens fellow pilot on the flight deck pressurizes system Make sure there is no protective coverB ! (NG) Cargo Hold Access Panel………………………… on the static ports. Protective covers areMake installed (CL) Auxiliary Fuel Tank Vent………………………….. also for sure the inlet is free of FOD, These 4 flat antenna’s are several reasons, including maintenance, including clothing stowed away Light by (NG) Retractable Landing the Radiothe Altimeter 1 and 2 painting, washing or to protect inlet Ground Pre-conditioned Air (Pack) ground personnel Antenna on Connection a hot summer day. (into the (5 items ) Transmitter and Receiver VHF against insects during a stopover. Main Distribution Manifold). The connection located Detail of the Ground Pneumatic Connection (CL) COMM 2 is on the left-hand side of the airplane, since the airport’s (Pack) on left-hand side3 (NG) COMM air-conditioning system is integrated into the jetway.

“What are you looking for along this side ?”


Walk-Around

 Airconditioning

Bay

Airconditioning Bay

Ram Air Inlets

While we are here, let’s take a brief look inside the airconditioning bay. The airconditioning bays are located on each side of the wing roots, forward of the main wheel well. The air-cycle machine

The Water Separator

The right pack heat exchangers.

Air conditioning Outlet Outlets


Walk-Around

 Number

2 Engine

Number 2 Engine Exterior Inspection

Access Panels ………………………………… Latched If you notice an engine oil leakage during the pre-flight exterior

Probes, sensors, ports, vents and drains inspection, …….. Check call maintenance. The maximum allowed number of Fan Blades, Probes and Spinner ……………… Check drops per minute differs by engine type andStowed by engine section. Thrust Reverser ………………………………...

Exhaust area and Tailcone …………………….. Check Additional Information Alignment of these black indicator strips indicate proper of to call You stowage don’t need Generator Drive Oil system……………………………… the left and right thrust reverserfor missing bolts. maintenance sleeve. These holes are used Oil leakage…………………………....Check within limit A view into the fromtothe rear If you focus on engine this frame detach the nose cone. with reverser for 5the seconds, thedeployed engine Caution for hot (open). surfaces


fan starts toafter rotate… recent flight

A small puddle T12 of oilTotal in the engine Inlet Temperature Sensor exhaustThe plugoil is level acceptable. You willhas notice the top of a red locking indication a different A large puddle may heavy here the reverser is dispatched scale for thecause left pin and rightifsmoke engine and exceptionally tail wing pipe fire up to inoperative (locked). because ofa the dihedral 10 minutes after engine shutdown.


Walk-Around

 Right

Wing and Leading Edge

Right Wing and Leading Edge Picture of cold soaked fuel frost on lower wing surface. This picture is taken after descent Exterior Inspection in VMC and landing at an airfield with ambient Don’t call maintenance to temperature above 35 °C / 95 °F !! report holesLatched in the leading Access Panels ………………………………… Also notice there is no ice on cold-soaked the flaps ! fuel Defined edge ! These holes serve frost area painting (NG) as wing anti-icing air outlet ! Leading Edges Flaps and Slats ………………. Check

Fuel Measuring Sticks …………….. Flush and secure Wing Surfaces ………………………………….. Check Fuel Tank Vent …………………………………. Check

(NG) Do you recall the Cold soaked Fuel Frost Limits ?

Additional Information Lower Wing :

Wing Anti-Ice

The defueling bay door cannot be closed if the defueling valve is open. Max. 3 mm or 1/8 inch Wing anti-icing This valve is manually Only on the wing itself, not air onsupply the operated Exhaust …………………………………. duct by a handle (shown here).

flight controls, LE/TE Flaps/Slats

“What are you looking for and not on winglets. along th e leading edge

Upper Wing :

Max. 1,5 mm or 1/16 inch

Check that Flame Arrestor Pressure of the right wingOAT ?” > 0°C Valve or Poppet 32°F is flush with the wing

(5 items )

lower skin. No visible moisture If the valve is popped wing inwards, it Only within painted area mustthe be reset by maintenance. Similar on both wings (!)

LE slats actuator


Walk-Around

 Right

Wing Tip and Trailing Edge

Right Wing Tip and Trailing Edge Exterior Inspection

Picture (NG) : The deflection of the flight spoilers deploy is less than Position and Strobe Lights ……………………... the groundCheck spoilers. On NG with the SFP (Short Field Static Discharge Wicks …………………………. Check Performance) option installed, the deflection angle is further increased. Aileron and TE Flaps ……………………………. Check

Additional Information Any id ea Ground about the num ber……………………………… of static Flight and Spoilers disch argers installed on each wing ?

Main Wing :

4 MEL 33-11 is rather complicated due to

“What are (with you looking for plastic different Main Wing blended winglets) : lenses 2 (single or dual) and winglets installed or not. at this location ?” As a general rule at least one red and Horizontal Stabilizer :

(3 items )

Vertical Stabilizer :

one green navigation 3 light must operate for night flight. This picture shows a 737-800 with a dual 4 plastic lens and blended winglets.


Walk-Around

 Right

Main Gear

Right Main Gear Exterior Inspection

Tires, Brakes and Wheels ……………………... Check Gear Strut, Actuators and Doors ……………… Check Gear Pin ………………………………..…… As needed Refer to your company manuals Hydraulic Lines …………………………………. Secure and procedures for tire wear limits


or call maintenance. As a general rule, the strut should be extended by “3 fingers” with passengers and fuel loaded. If one brake wear indicator pin

Brake Temperature……………………………………….

is missing, the brake can stay in service if operation of the The aircraft can be pin dispatched with remaining is satisfactory. Parking brakes must set in order to check one, two Iforaall three main landing pin iswear broken, just consider the brake indicator pins. gear doors missing. Refer to the it missing… (NG – option) With one or both brake pins f lush, the DDG-CDL forTemp fuel penalties and Brake display on the brakes can still handle oneMFD rejected takeoff. maintenance actions. According to the Maintenance Manual AMM 32-41 you may not leave with a flush pin. Check your company SOP.

“What are you looking for at the right main landing gear ?” (4 items )


Walk-Around

 Right

Main Wheel Well

Right Main Wheel Well When the hydraulic fluid return filter is red adifferential Thisclogged, may lookalike hydraulic pressure fluid indicator will appear on top of the filter leak… The MLG uplock mechanism uses over(if OAT is above 2 °C – 36 °F). APU Fire Control Handle …………………...………. Up (NG) If the is broken, However, what you see here is an center locking to keep t he main landing The flight If you cannotice be dispatched the red indicator, with bothcall fitting the associated landing anti-corrosive protection compound gear up and lights locked. Two springs hold thegear main wheel well (dome) inoperative maintenance… (NG – as installed) NGS light ……………...…… Check raisedposition. after takeoff. Anyway, uplock if therehook is any in doubt, thecannot up andbe locked call maintenance. Wheel Well ……………………………………….. Check It has happened that a spring disappeared However, on (CL) an inoperative inspection in flight (if you found it in your garden, flood light is a NOGO for night flight ! The FCOM does not specify what to check, please return to company) (two installed – one for each gear)

Exterior Inspection

so here are some suggestions :

- General condition (no loose cables, no fluid leaks) - Hydraulic System Quantity, Pressure and Filters - Landing Gear Up-Lock system

Verify that both the Fire Handle and the “What you looking for System - (CL)are Landing Gear Viewing Bottle Discharge Switch are safety wired. in the Right Main Wheel Well ?”

- (NG) Loose Thread Frangible Fitting Verify that the operability green indicator

(6 items )

light is illuminated, unless the NGS is dispatched inoperative.


Walk-Around

 Right

Main Wheel Well

Inside the Main Wheel Well There is a relatively large empty space next to and aft of each flap transmission. The F/O Flight Control spoiler quadrant, It can even hide stowaway. Always TheaSpoiler Mixer, mounted through cables connected with the F/O The handle on the f orward side should be worth a double check… on the forward wall. A short guided tour inside flight deck control wired andwheel pointing upwards. The handle is for maintenance only. If the handle is rotated, the Main Wheel Well : the engine reverser is de-activated… (NG) This is the center tank boost pump. The CAPT Flight Control aileron quadrant,You can find six of these through cables connected with the Captain’s mounted in the forward This is the system A EMDP TE Flaps hydraulic motor the flight deck control The wheel wall. and (Electric Motor Driven Pump). alternate electric motor are integrated in the same housing on the aft wall of the wheel well. Both motors drive the TE flaps through common orange/black Mounted on the forward part painted shafts. Thisofis the system B EMDP Hydraulic system B the keel beam, this is the (Electric PTU. Motor Drivenpneumatic Pump). reservoir


The systemair B EDP (Engine pressure indicator Driven Pump) is located in… The accumulator brake Engine 2 of course. pressure indicator (NG) TE Flap Transmission :hydraulic This isthis theunit Thrust Reverser Control Valve The Standby system r eservoir transmits powerisfrom the orange/black 2. keel beam. locatedforonEngine the center torque shaft to the flaps is for(NG). that side. ThisTE picture So, there are two of these beasts Hydraulic system B installed in the wheel well. Pressure Module


Walk-Around

 Right

Aft Fuselage

Right Aft Fuselage Exterior Inspection

Doors and Access Panels …………….……… Latched Negative Pressure Relief Door ………..……… Closed (NG) Aft Cargo Compartment Outflow Valve …………………………….……… Check Behind this bulkhead is the toilet Antenna VHF waste tank and the compressor. (CL) COMM 3 (NG) COMM 2

Probes, sensors, ports, vents and drains …….. Check APU Air Inlet ……………………………………… Open

(CL) APU Fire Bottle …………………...…..…… Check

“WhatInformation are you looking Additional

(CL) Verify that the Squib Discharge disc (yellow) and the Bottle Overpressure disc (red) are in place

for along the aft fuselage ?” On recent delivered (NG) theThe main water service panel is located on

Toilet Waste System………………………………….. outflow valve comes with “teeth” to side (NG) – left side (CL) of the right Verify the cargo reduce aerodynamic noise.compartment entry

the airplane. This picture is (NG). VHF Comm Antenna………………………………….. for any dents… The toilet service panel is located on (6 items - NG) (7 items CL )

the opposite side, with an extra toilet access panel in the front (CL).


Walk-Around

 Tail

Tail

APU Cooling Air Inlet

Exterior Inspection

Vertical Stabilizer and Rudder ……………..….. Check Horizontal Stabilizer and Elevator …………….. Check Elevator Feel Probes …………………………… Check (400-800-900) Tail Skid ..………………………. Check Static Discharge Wicks ……………………….... Check Strobe Light ……………………………………… Check APU Cooling Air Inlet and Exhaust Outlet ….… Check

“What are you looking for around the tail ?” (8 items )

APU Exhaust Outlet


Walk-Around

 Tail

Tail

Location of the VOR/LOC antenna


Logo

The famous Stab trim jackscrew Light…………………………………………………

Horizontal Stabilizer-to-Body Sliding Seals…………… Antenna HF and VOR…………………………………… Now, let’s take a look, where you have never been before, inside the tail cone :

The APU inletsteering door as cables, seen from the The rudder inside. This here is the connected to the flightelectric deck door actuator. rudder pedals.

Stabilizer Trim system ……………………………….. APU Inlet Door system ………………………………. Location of the HF antenna APU Fire Extinguisher system ………………………. If the upper or lower seal is The electric Stab trim actuator missing, call maintenance.

Other …………………………………………………… When dispatched with the

seal removed, apply the performance weight penalties (NG) The logo light is powered from from the DDG / CDL. The Stab trim Main control cable drum. the logo lights Bus 1. Hence The cables are to the doconnected notisilluminate with the CAB/UTIL The aft pressure bulkhead flight deck manual trim wheels. switch in OFF…! hemispheric on 737-100 thru 800 and flat on the 900


Walk-Around

 Left

side

Left side Differences with Right Side

As a general rule both pressure indicators should point upwards. Left Aft Fuselage : They may tend slightly to the left When you return to the flight deck, on cold days and slightly to the right take a look atCheck these drains. Very often, (NG) Waste Compressor Vent …………. on hot days as pressure inside the the drains are clogged ! bottles changes with OAT. These drains guide away rain water that has entered the cabin through the Left Main Wheel Well : associated door. A clogged drain may cause rain water to seep into the E&E, Fire Discharge Bottles ………………...…. Check causing damage to electronics.


Entry / Service Door Floor Drains

“What additional items

During the exterior inspection you may notice the sound of the vacuum compressor when the cabin crew flushes …………. Check the toilets.

will you be checking

on the left side of the airplane ?”

A malfunctioning air/waste separator may direct waste to the air outlet i.s.o. towards the waste tank…

(2 item s - NG) (1 item – CL )

So here is a good advice : stay away from this hole !

Cold Weather Operations Exterior Inspection – Supplementary Procedures

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  Cold

Weather Operations

Pay extra attention to the following items :

Surfaces ……………………………………………………………………… Check Control Balance Cavities …………………………………………………… Check Pitot Probes and Static ports ………………………………………………. Check Air Conditioning Inlets and Exits …………………………………………… Check Engine Inlets …………………………………………………………………. Check Fuel Tank Vents ……………………………………………………………... Check Landing Gear Doors ……………………………………………………….... Check APU Air Inlets ………………………………………………………………... Check

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  Cold

Weather Operations

Some Pictures :

Clear ice on the leading edge

Ice formation on the engine fan after a short taxi time

Ice formation in the engine inlet Ice formation on the pitot tubes

Top 10 Blunders !

In fact, we can as well start with this classic one : Tools or an oil can accidentally left behind in the main wheel well by maintenance personnel.

The Boeing 737 Exterior Inspection  Top

10 Blunders

Number 10

How about these 3 tools…?

General condition OK ?


10 Blunders

Number 9

A large dent in the fuselage may easily go unnoticed…


10 Blunders

Number 8

Don’t tell me I didn’t warn you !


10 Blunders

Number 7

OK, what’s wrong here ?

(NG) The main gear frangible fitting may never be used to attach the f uel truck ground wiring cable !


10 Blunders

Number 6

There is no potential danger that the door opens in flight when the Z-Handle is not correctly stowed. However, you will probably experience additional ambient noise in flight…


10 Blunders

Number 5

OK, what’s wrong here ?

This rod is broken, so you will be flying with the right nose wheel well door open…


10 Blunders

Number 4

During the walk-around in heavy rain, you may perhaps not be looking upwards… and these missing access panels from the Horizontal Stabilizer may go unnoticed… Furthermore, always pay extra attention to access panels when the airplane is being returned from maintenance.


10 Blunders

Number 3

Anything wrong here ?

(CL) While the gear pin may have drawn your attention, you should also have noticed that the red painting is missing and/or covered with lubricating oil… This is a NOGO !


10 Blunders

Number 2 This engine looks in good shape ?

You caught a bird into the N2 compressor during landing. This may go unnoticed, especially during a night time walk-around without carrying a flash-light…


10 Blunders

Number 1

The (smaller) main wheel of a Boeing 737-500 mounted on the Boeing 737-400… So, always take a look to the wheels !

And our Number 1 winner today is… ???

b737mrg_ExteriorInspection

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