C[QMRGC MRNHCJ]R
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
C[QMRGC MRNHCJ]R TM@KCI]L]C@ C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r emq}tcfc` r}c{} fmlcg`c` fn`jm`g{cl kgec`c mrnhcj}r {gkcf {mqam`{}f rmbcqc rmet}q`c. Tckc fmac`wcfc` fcr}r, fmlcg`c` g`g kgrmq{cg km`jc` {mqam`{}f`wc i}a}`jc` c`{cqc mrnhcj}r km`jc` {qcfmc wc`j kgrma}{ hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnticjmcl )[qcbimnmrnticjmcl Hgr{}lc[MH'. Tqmec{}qg{cr emq}tcfc` icl }e}e kc` lmagi kcqg =4- tm`kmqg{c kgrmq{cg km`jc` amqacjcg fmlcg`c` lcg` rmtmq{g tm`wcfg{ oc`{}`j fn`jm`g{cl, fmlcg`c` {qcf{}r }qg`cqg}r kc` fmlcg`c` {qcf{}r jcr{qng`{mr{g`cl. C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r c{c}t}` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kg{c`jc`g km`jc` {g`kcfc` amkci. Kgcj`nrgr g`g icq}r kgtmqic{gfc` tckc rm{gct `mn`c{}r wc`j em`jml}cqfc` ac`wcf e}f}r kc` rclgxc, km`jc` c{c} {c`tc {c`kc%{c`kc jc`jj}c` tmq`ctcrc`.)3' KMHG@GRG C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r ckclci rmfmlnetnf fmlcg`c` fn`jm`g{cl wc`j em`bcf}t jc`jj}c` fn`{g`}g{cr mrnhcj}r kgrmq{cg c{c} {c`tc ckc`wc i}a}`jc` km`jc` {qcfmc. )1' RMOCQCI Tmq{cec rmfclg fcr}r c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r wc`j kgknf}em`{crgfc` gclci tckc r}c{} knf}em` tnr{%enq{me nlmi [inecr Jgarn` )378:' wc`j amqgrg !Can}{ @nxmeamq 3878, G zcr rm`{ hnq {n c` g`hc`{ {ic{ zn}lk `n{ rzcllnz. [im biglk rmmemk xmqw kmrgqn}r nh hnnk, c`k {nnf zic{ zcr nhhmqmk g{ g` c rtnn` zg{i jqmmkg`mrr6 a}{ zim` g{ zm`{ {n rzcllnz g{, g{ zcr lgfmk {n am binfmk, c`k zic{ rin}lk icxm jn`m knz`
3
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
qm{}q`mk aw {im en}{i c`k `nrm, c`k g{ hmll g`{n c r{q}jjlg`j bn`x}lrgxm rnq{ nh hg{ }tn` g{.!)3' Knf}em`{crg amqgf}{`wc gclci rmfg{cq 3=4 {ci}` wc`j lcl} nlmi [inecr Igll )39;4' wc`j “kgtc`jjgl tckc eclce icqg }`{}f em`j}`o}`jg q}eci fml}cqjc Kq.Zmar{mq―.
Rmnqc`j acwg wc`j acq} lcigq {gkcf kctc{ em`mlc`, {m{ctg o}r{q} {gac%{gac fmoc`j kc` eg`}ec` wc`j kgamqgfc` fml}cq fmeaclg emlcl}g e}l}{ kc` igk}`j, amqbcet}q km`jc` lm`kgq amqkcqci. Kgc em`wcqc`fc` }`{}f em`bnac em`r{ge}lcrg qmf{}e. Cfc` {m{ctg kgkctc{g acizc acwg {mqrma}{ {gkcf emeglgfg c`}r. G`g ckclci knf}em` tmq{cec wc`j amqfcg{c` km`jc` fmlcg`c` lcg` wc`j em`wmq{cg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r.
)3'
Tckc 3732, Qgbi{mq em`jco}fc` r}c{} tqntnrcl qm`bc`c ntmqcrg amqgrgfc` {g`kcfc` lgjcrg kcqg hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl { qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kc` c`cr{nenrgr c`cr{nenrgr kcqg fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r.
)3'
Lc`ec` )3728' tmq{cec rmfclg emlcf}fc` my{qctlm}qcl qmtcgq. Tcrgm``wc ic`wc amq{cic` rmlcec 2 oce kc` tckc 37;4 kgc r}kci emlcf}fc` 24 ntmqcrg fcr}r g`g, kgec`c rme}c`wc em`g`jjcl.
)3'
Bcemqn` Icgji{ tckc 37;3 amqicrgl emlcf}fc` tmqacgfc` tqgemq. Tcrgm``wc gclci rmnqc`j acwg tmqmet}c` amq}e}q 31 icqg wc`j kg{qc`rtnq{crgfc` rmoc}i =44 egl fm C`` Cqanq, Egbigjc`. Ntmqcrg km`jc` tm`kmfc{c` my{qctlm}qcl em`bcf}t lgjcrg kcqg hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kc` c`cr{nenrgr fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r. C`cf {mqrma}{ amq{cic` igk}t zclc}t}` em`jclceg fm`kclc fmanbnqc` c`cr{nenrgr kc` r{qgf{}q )3'. Rmr}kci g{}, {mqockg tm`g`jfc{c` l}cq agcrc kcqg {g`jfc{ fmlc`jr}`jc` igk}t. Zc{mqr{n` )37=4' emlctnqfc` {g`jfc{ fmlc`jr}`jc` igk}t =:,8- kcqg 332 Acwg Acq} Lcigq wc`j kgqczc{.
)3'
1
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
Tckc tmq{m`jcic` 3794, {g`jfc{ fmec{gc` {}q}` rcetcg kgaczci 3=- km`jc` {g`jfc{ fmamqicrglc` kglctnqfc` kcqg amamqctc kcmqci em`bctcg 74-.)3' MTGKMEGNLNJG G`rgkm`rg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r {mqockg tckc rmfg{cq 3 kcqg 1=44%2444 fmlcigqc`. Fmlcg`c` g`g {gkcf kg{}q}`fc`, zclc}t}` {mqkctc{ fcg{c` km`jc` ca`nqeclg{cr fqnenrnecl. [gkcf lmagi kcqg 3- fcr}r kgec`c {mqkctc{ qgzcwc{ nqc`j {}c km`jc` fmlcg`c` wc`j rcec. C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r {mqockg 1 rcetcg 2 fclg lmagi rmqg`j tckc c`cf fmeacq, rmem`{cqc {gkcf lmagi kcqg 3- fcr}r kgec`c rc}kcqc tm`kmqg{c em`jclceg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r. )3' M[GNLNJG M{gnlnjg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r emq}tcfc` e}l{ghcf{nqgcl kc` ecrgi aml}e kgfm{ci}g km`jc` omlcr.)1' MEAQGNLNJG Emfc`grem wc`j em`kcrcqg eclhnqecrg {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl ecrgi aml}e omlcr. Rmbcqc }e}e kgfm{ci}g acizc tqgenqkg}e rcl}qc` tmq`ctcrc` emq}tcfc` mxcjg`crg xm`{qcl kcqg hnqmj}{ tnr{ hcqg`jmcl tckc czcl eg`jj} fm%; kcqg fmiceglc` kc` acfcl {}ea}i kcqg tcq}%tcq} {mqkctc{ fc}kcl kcqg mxcjg`crg g`g. Rmlcec tmqgnkm tmq{}ea}ic` wc`j bmtc{, {qcfmc kg xm`{qcl cfc` {mqtgrci km`jc` mrnhcj}r kg knqrcl. Rc{} {mnqg em`jc{cfc` acizc {qcfmc {mqtgrci cfgac{ tmq{}ea}ic` ln`jg{}kg`cl wc`j bmtc{ kcqg tqgenqkg}e em`oc}i kcqg hnqmj}{. [mnqg lcg` em`jc{cfc` {qcfmc rmocf czcl emec`j {}ea}i {mqtgrci kcqg hnqmj}{ kc` fme}kgc` em`ockg r{q}f{}q wc`j {mqtgrci rmacjcg icrgl kcqg r}c{} tqnrmr tmegrcic`. Tqnrmr g`g kgfcg{fc` km`jc` r}c{} jm` f}`bg wc`j kgrma}{ jm` Rn`gb Imkjminj )Rii', kgec`c mfrtqmrg kcqg rg`wcl 2
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
tmq{}ea}ic` kcqg jm` g`g tm`{g`j kclce tmqfmeac`jc` hnqmj}{ kc` tmegrcic` kcqg {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl. Mtg{ml hnqmj}{ wc`j amqtgrci kg{c`kcg km`jc` em`g`jfc{`wc o}elci rml wc`j em`jclceg tqnrmr fmec{gc` rml. Fmac`wcfc` r{}kg em`}`o}ffc` acizc kmhmf tqgemq wc`j {mqockg gclci {gkcf {mqtgrci`wc hnqmj}{ rmacjcg cfgac{ kcqg fmjcjclc` tmq{}ea}ic` {qcfmc c{c}t}` fmjcjclc` kcqg {qcfmc g{} rm`kgqg }`{}f emegrcifc` kgqg kcqg mrnhcj}r. [mqkctc{ rmf}et}lc` kmhmf fn`jm`g{cl wc`j kgkctc{g tckc lmagi kcqg =4- fcr}r c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r, c`{cqc lcg`)3,1,2,;,='?
Rg`kqnec
XCB[MQL
)Xmq{maqcl
kmhmb{,
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Eclhnqec{gn`,
Bcqkgnxcrb}lcq kmhmb{, [qcbimnmrnticjmcl kmhmb{, Qm`cl c`neclgmr c`k Lgea kmhnqeg{w'?
Xmq{maqcl kmhmb{r ‒ Imegxmq{maqc, rfnlgnrgr, kmhnqeg{cr gjc.
C`nqmb{cl eclhnqec{gn`r ‒ Getmqhnqcrg c`}r.
Bcqkgnxcrb}lcq kmhmb{r ‒ Xm`{qgb}lcq rmt{cl kmhmb{, {m{qclnjw nh Hclln{, tc{m`{ k}b{}r cq{mqgnr}r, c{qgcl rmt{cl kmhmb{r, c{qgnxm`{qgb}lcq bc`cl kmhmb{r, cnq{gb bncqb{c{gn`, qgji{%rgkmk cnq{gb cqbi, rg`jlm }eaglgbcl cq{mqw
[qcbimnmrnticjmcl [qcbimnmrnticjmcl kmhmb{r ‒ Mrnticjmcl c{qmrgc
Qm`cl c`neclgmr ‒ Qm`cl cjm`mrgr g`bl}kg`j Tn{{mq rw`kqnem, aglc{mqcl qm`cl cjm`mrgr nq kwrtlcrgc, inqrmrinm fgk`mw, tnlwbwr{gb fgk`mwr, }qm{iqcl c{qmrgc, }qm{mqcl eclhnqec{gn`r.
Lgea kmhnqeg{gmr ‒ Qckgcl kwrtlcrgc, carm`{ qckg}r, qckgcl%qcw kmhnqeg{gmr, rw`kcb{wlw, tnlwkcb{wlw, tnlwkcb{wlw, lnzmq%lgea {gagcl kmhnqeg{gmr.
;
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
BICQJM, em`bcf}t?
Bnlnanec
Imcq{ kmhmb{r
C{qmrgc Binc`cm
Kmxmlntem`{cl qm{cqkc{gn`
Jm`g{cl iwtntlcrgc
Mcq kmhnqeg{gmr
Fqnenrne ca`nqecl
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
[qgrnew 32, 39 kc` 13
Fmlcg`c` lcg``wc
Kgjmnqjm rw`kqnem
@m}qnlnjgb kmhmb{r ‒ @m}qcl {}am kmhmb{r, iwkqnbmticl}r, {m{imqmk bnqk, inlntqnrm`bmticlw inlntqnrm`bmticlw
JG kmhmb{r ‒ K}nkm`cl c{qmrgc, glmcl c{qmrgc, iwtmq{qntigb twlnqgb r{m`nrgr, neticlnbmlm, eclqn{c{gn`, Embfml kgxmq{gb}l}e
T}len`cqw kmhmb{r ‒ ]`glc{mqcl t}len`cqw cjm`mrgr, kgctiqcjec{gb imq`gc
Jm`g{clgc kmhmb{r ‒ ]`kmrbm`kmk {mr{gblmr, ceagj}n}r jm`g{clgc, iwtnrtckgcr
Rmbcqc fmrml}q}ic` fmlcg`c`%fmlcg`c` g`g {mqkctc{ tckc lmagi kcqg =4- fcr}r. Fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq em`bcf}t 2=- fcr}r, fmlcg`c` jm`g{n}qg`cqgc em`bcf}t 14- fcr}r kc` fmlcg`c` jcr{qng`{mr{g`cl em`bcf}t 14- fcr}r.)2'
=
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
FLCRGHGFCRG C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r kgrmq{cg km`jc` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kgr{cl ckclci {gtm wc`j tclg`j rmqg`j {mqockg. Xcqgcrg c`c{neg kcqg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r em`jj}`cfc` rgr{me flcrghgfcrg Jqnrr nh Anr{n` wc`j r}kci tnt}lmq kgj}`cfc`. Rgr{me g`g amqgrg c`{cqc lcg`?)3'
[gtm C ‒ C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r {c`tc hgr{}lc6 C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r e}q`g )34-' ) 34-'
[gtm A ‒ C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` [MH tqnygecl )<3-'
[gtm B ‒ C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` [MH kgr{cl )9=-'
[gtm K ‒ C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` [MH tqnygecl kc` kgr{cl )<3-'
[gtm M ‒ [MH {c`tc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r6 Hgr{}lc {gtm I );-'
[gtm H ‒ R{m`nrgr mrnhcj}r fn`jm`g{cl {c`tc c{qmrgc )<3-' ‒ [gkcf kgagbcqcfc`.
8
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
[gtm B )9=-' emq}tcfc` {gtm wc`j tclg`j }e}e kc` rmqg`j kg{me}fc`, kgec`c tqnygecl kcqg mrnhcj}r amqkglc{crg kc` kg`kg`j e}rf}lcq`wc em`macl, }o}`j`wc {mqlm{cf kg r}tmqgnq emkgcr{g`}e fgqc%fgqc rm{g`jjg xmq{maqc {inqcfcl 2 c{c} ;. Mrnhcj}r acjgc` kgr{cl wc`j lmagi {gtgr kc` rmetg{ ecr}f fm kg`kg`j tnr{mqgnq kcqg {qcfmc tckc bcqg`c c{c} lmagi rmqg`j 3 be c{c} 1 be lmagi tqnygecl. [gtm C )34-' kgkctc{g tqnygecl kc` kgr{cl mrnhcj}r amqcfigq {c`tc ckc`wc i}a}`jc` km`jc` {qcfmc. Rmjem` tqnygecl mrnhcj}r kglc{crg kc` kg`kg`j`wc em`macl, agcrc`wc }o}`j`wc {mqlm{cf kg tnr{mqgnq emkgcr{g`}e rm{g`jjg xmq{maqc {inqcfcl 1. Mrnhcj}r kgr{cl tm`kmf kc` amqcfigq tckc ocqcf wc`j amqamkc%amkc kgc{cr kgchqcjec. [gtm M kgrma}{ o}jc hgr{ml I c{c} @ rmr}cg km`jc` jceacqc``wc, kgkctc{g ckc`wc hgr{}lc c`{cqc mrnhcj}r km`jc` {qcfmc. Hgr{}lc agcrc`wc rc`jc{ rmetg{ rmfg{cq 2%= ee lmacq`wc kc` agcrc`wc {mqlm{cf rm{g`jjg kcmqci rmqxgfcl aczci. Agcrc`wc ic`wc ckc rc{} hgr{}lc, {m{ctg k}c c{c} lmagi hgr{}lc agrc kgo}etcg. [gtm A )<3-' kgkctc{g ckc`wc hgr{ml {qcfmnmrnhcj}r, a}fc` tckc }o}`j fc`{n`j mrnhcj}r wc`j kglc{crg, {m{ctg fgqc%fgqc 3%1 be kgc{cr kg`kg`j c`{mqgnq mrnhcj}r. [gtm K )<3-' kgkctc{g ckc`wc hgr{ml tckc fmk}c }o}`j tqnygecl kc` kgr{cl mrnhcj}r. TC[NHGRGNLNJG En{glg{cr kcqg mrnhcj}r rmlcl} kgtm`jcq}ig tckc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r. Jc`jj}c` tmqgr{cl{gf mrnhcj}r agcrc`wc tclg`j rmqg`j kgclceg tckc acjgc` mrnhcj}r kgr{cl.)1' Oc`g` km`jc` c{qmrgc {gkcf kctc{ km`jc` mhmf{gh em`mlc` bcgqc` ce`gn`. Rmkc`jfc` tckc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kgr{cl, bcgqc` ce`gn` ecr}f
:
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
emlcl}g {qcfmc fm kclce }r}r. Tnlgigkqce`gn` agrc {mqockg cfgac{ tmq}acic` kcqg rgqf}lcrg ce`gn` tckc oc`g`.)2' @mn`c{}r km`jc` c{qmrgc {gkcf kctc{ em`mlc` kc` cfc` em`jml}cqfc` ac`wcf rmfclg cgq lg}q c{c} rclgxc. Crtgqcrg kcqg rclgxc c{c} cgq r}r} kctc{ em`wmacafc` crtgqcrg t`m}en`gc. Tckc c{qmrgc km`jc` kgr{cl [MH, rmfqmrg kcqg jcr{mq kctc{ ecr}f fm tcq}%tcq} kc` rmaclgf`wc, }kcqc o}jc kctc{ amacr ecr}f fm kclce rcl}qc` tm`bmq`cc` rcc{ acwg em`c`jgr c{c}t}` em`kctc{ xm`{glcrg ac`{}c`. Fmckcc`%fmckcc` g`g agrc em`wmacafc` tmqhnqcrg cf}{ jcr{mq wc`j hc{cl. Kgfm{ci}g acizc acjgc` mrnhcj}r kgr{cl {gkcf em`jicrglfc` tmqgr{cl{gf kc` g`g em`wmacafc` kgrhcjgc
rm{mlci
tmqacgfc`
mrnhcj}r
kc`
kctc{
em`gea}fc`
qmhl}y
jcr{qnmrnhcjmcl.)2' [qcfmc o}jc kgtm`jcq}ig cfgac{ jc`jj}c` {mqam`{}f`wc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r. [qcfmc ca`nqecl, {mqkgqg kcqg amqf}qc`j`wc {}lc`j qczc` {qcfmc kc` amq{ceaci`wc }f}qc` n{n{ {qc`rxmqrcl tckc tnr{mqgnq {qcfmc. Kg`kg`j {qcfmc lmeci rmig`jjc em`jjc`jj} fmecet}c` acwg }`{}f ac{}f wc`j cfc` em`jcqci tckc e}`b}l`wc t`m}en`gc wc`j agrc amq}lc`j%}lc`j. [qcfmc o}jc kctc{ fnlctr aglc kgamqgfc` ecfc`c` c{c}t}` cgq r}r} kc` g`g cfc` em`wmacafc` tmq`ctcrc` wc`j {gkcf mhmf{gh, igtnfrgc c{c} acifc` agrc em`ockg ct`nm. )2' KGCJ@NRGR C`{m`c{cl C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r kctc{ kgb}qgjcg tckc ]RJ aglc kgkctc{g tnlgigkqce`gn` tckc ga}, caknem` wc`j fmbgl tckc oc`g`, kc` tmeamrcqc` }o}`j mrnhcj}r acjgc` c{cr.
9
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
K}jcc` o}jc rmecfg` omlcr aglc kgkctc{g fmlcg`c`%fmlcg`c` lcg` wc`j amqfcg{c` km`jc` c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r.)3' Kgcj`nrgr Flg`gr Acwg km`jc` rmfqmrg cgq lg}q kc` g`j}r wc`j rmqg`j kc` ac`wcf icq}r kgcr}ergfc` em`kmqg{c c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r rcetcg {mqa}f{g {gkcf ckc. Kgcj`nrgr kga}c{ km`jc` emecr}ffc` fc{m{mq@J[ fm kclce e}l}{, amqcfigq tckc rmfg{cq 34 be kcqg tc`jfcl j}rg. Fmjcjclc` }`{}f emecr}ffc` fc{m{mq fm lcea}`j em`c`kcfc` ckc`wc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r. ]f}qc` fc{m{mq wc`j lmagi fmbgl agrc emlglg{ kg fc`{n`j tqnygecl rmig`jjc agrc emea}c{ fmrclcic` kgcj`nrgr ckc`wc fn`{g`}g{cr mrnhcj}r. Qckgnjqchg kctc{ emea}f{gfc` fmtcr{gc` acizc rmlc`j {gkcf em`bctcg lcea}`j. Rmlc`j {gkcf anlmi kgecr}ffc` kcqg igk}`j fcqm`c kctc{ emq}rcf rcl}qc` `ctcr c{cr. Kclce fmknf{mqc` enkmq`, kgcj`nrgr km`jc` em`}`jj} acwg {mqrmkcf c{c} ac{}f tckc tmeamqgc` ecfc` tmq{cec rmfclg, {gkcf kgrm{}o}g lcjg. )3' Kgcj`nrgr C`c{negr [g`kcfc` tm`c`jc`c` {mqjc`{}`j kcqg xcqgcrg c`c{neg. Tm`{g`j }`{}f em`jm{ci}g ctcfci ckc hgr{}lc tckc rc{} c{c} fmk}c rmjem` mrnhcj}r. O}jc tm`{g`j }`{}f em`jm{ci}g ocqcf c`{cqc fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r.)3,1,2' Aglc {gkcf ckc hgr{}lc kgr{cl, tckc hn{n {inqcy km`jc` rmlc`j wc`j kgecr}ffc` emlcl}g
e}l}{
cfc`
em`}`o}ffc`
rmjem`
c{cr
mrnhcj}r
amqcfigq
kgc{cr
emkgcr{g`}e. Kcqg tnrgrg lc{mqcl kctc{ kglgic{ ckc`wc hgr{}lc kc` }kcqc kg mrnhcj}r kgr{cl. Kcqg tmqbcac`jc` {qcfmc agrc kglgic{ lm{cf kcqg hgr{}lc. )3,1,2'
7
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r {c`tc hgr{}lc. Tc`kc`jc` kmtc` kckc kc` caknem`, {cetcf fc{m{mq tckc fc`{n`j mrnhcj}r tqnygecl. Tmqic{gfc` fm{gckcc` }kcqc tckc lcea}`j.
[gkcf ckc`wc }kcqc c{c} jcr tckc caknem` em`}`o}ffc` ckc`wc r}c{} c{qmrgc {c`tc kgrmq{cg hgr{}lc c{c} c{qmrgc km`jc` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl tqnygecl rcoc. Ogfc kgkctc{g }o}`j fc`{n`j mrnhcj}r tqnygecl, agrc kgcr}ergfc` acizc g`g ckclci c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r {c`tc hgr{}lc. Ckc`wc }kcqc c{c} jcr tckc lcea}`j kc` }r}r em`}`o}ffc` ckc`wc hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kgr{cl. )3,1,2'
34
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434 Jce acq kgrcetg`j emetmqlgic{fc` c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kgr{cl. Tmqic{gfc` rmlc`j fc{m{mq wc`j amqcfigq kg mrnhcj}r tqnygecl kc` }kcqc tckc lcea}`j.
Tckc acwg km`jc` I%Hgr{}lc )Jqnrr {gtm M' cjcf amqamkc fcqm`c mrnhcj}r }{}i. C`cf kctc{ em`mlc`, {m{ctg kctc{ {mqrmkcf kc` ac{}f rcc{ ecfc`. Aglc }kcqc fml}cq kcqg hgr{}lc kc` ecr}f fm rcl}qc` tm`bmq`cc` cfc` em`gea}lfc` kgr{m`rg caknem`. Rmlcg` g{}, crtgqcrg ecfc`c` wc`j amq}lc`j cfc` em`wmacafc` g`hmfrg rcl}qc` tmq`ctcrc`. Kgcj`nrgr kctc{ kgfm{ci}g km`jc` m`knrfntg c{c} tm`jj}`ccc` fn`{qcr. )3,1,2'
33
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434 I%Hgr{}lc )Jqnrr [gtm M'. Acqg}e mrnhcjnjqce em`}`o}ffc` hgr{ml kcqg c`{mqgnq mrnhcj}r em`}o} {qcfmc rmbcqc c`{mqgnr}tmqnq.
Tmemqgfrcc` Lcanqc{nqg}e
Kcqci Q}{g` [mq}{cec }`{}f em`jm{ci}g ctcaglc {mqockg r}c{} g`hmfrg tckc rcl}qc` tmq`ctcrc` cfgac{ crtgqcrg ecfc`c` c{c}t}` bcgqc`. )2'
Mlmf{qnlg{ ]`{}f em`jm{ci}g fmckcc` ca`nqecl aczcc` lcg` wc`j em`wmq{cg. )2'
C`clgrc Jcr Kcqci Cq{mqg 31
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
]`{}f em`jm{ci}g ctcaglc ckc jc`jj}c` qmrtgqc{nqgf {mq}{cec tckc acwg.
A]E kc` Rmq}e Bqmc{g`g` ]`{}f em`jm{ci}g fmckcc` ca`nqecl aczcc` lcg` wc`j em`wmq{cg. )2'
Fckcq J}lc Kcqci ]`{}f em`jm{ci}g fmckcc` ca`nqecl aczcc` lcg` wc`j em`wmq{cg. )2'
Tmemqgfrcc` lcg``wc
]RJ ? Tqm`c{cl, jg`ocl)2'
Y%Qcw ? [inqcy, my{qmeg{cr )2'
Mbinbcqkgnjqctiw)2'
TM@C[CLCFRC@CC@ [g`kcfc` rmaml}e ntmqcrg C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r kg{c`jc`g km`jc` {g`kcfc` amkci. Tmqrgctc` ntmqcrg }`{}f acwg acq} lcigq e}lcg }e}q rc{} icqg c`{cqc lcg`)1'?
Bcgqc` g`{qcxm`c em`jc`k}`j jl}fnrc }`{}f fma}{}ic` `}{qgrg acwg.
Tmeamqgc` c`{gagn{gf aqnck%rtmb{q}e rmbcqc g`{qcxm`c.
R}i} acwg kgocjc cjcq rmlcl} ic`jc{ km`jc` em`jj}`cfc` g`f}ac{nq, r}tg`m km`jc` tnrgrg hnzlmq, hn zlmq, fmtclc fmtcl c kgc`jfc{ rmfg{cq rmfg{ cq ;=´. ;=´.
@J[ kgecr}ffc` rmbcqc nqcl kc` kglcf}fc` r}b{gn` q}{g`.
En`g{nq xg{cl rgj`r.
Tckc acwg tqmec{}q km`jc` fmr}lg{c` amq`ctcr, kgtmql}fc` tmqic{gc` fi}r}r. Omlcr kgtmql}fc` tmecrc`jc` m`kn{qcbimcl {}am kc` xm`{glc{nq emfc`gf. Rmacjcg {ceacic`, ckc qmrgfn {mqockg`wc kgr{m`rg amqlmagic` c{c}t}` q}t{}q lcea}`j ctcaglc
32
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
}kcqc qmrtgqcrg ecr}f fm kclce lcea}`j emlcl}g hgr{}lc fcqm`c ckc`wc qmrgr{m`rg t}len`cq.
Fmckcc`
g`g
kctc{
kgeg`geclgrcrg
km`jc`
emecr}ffc`
}o}`j
m`kn{qcbimcl {}am rcetcg fm tg`{} ecr}f hgr{}lc kc` km`jc` emeamqgfc` xm`{glcrg km`jc` {mfc`c` qm`kci. )1' Mbinbcqkgnjqctiw c{c} tmemqgfrcc` MFJ tckc acwg km`jc` c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r tm`{g`j }`{}f kglcf}fc` cjcq rmjmqc kctc{ em`jm{ci}g ctcaglc {mqkctc{ ckc`wc fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq wc`j ememql}fc` tm`c`jc`c` rmjmqc.
)1'
[g`kcfc` rmlcec ntmqcrg Tckc }e}e`wc, ntmqcrg tmqacgfc` c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r {gkcf kgc`jjct rmacjcg icl wc`j kcq}qc{. [m{ctg rc{} tm`jmb}clgc` gclci aglc acwg tqmec{}q km`jc` jc`jj}c` qmrtgqc{nqgf wc`j ememql}fc` k}f}`jc` xm`{glc{nqgf. ]kcqc tmq`ctcrc` wc`j fml}cq emlcl}g kgr{cl hgr{}lc cfc` em`gea}lfc` kgr{m`rg lcea}`j wc`j cfc` em`jjc`jj} h}`jrg tmq`ctcrc`. Kgr{m`rg lcea}`j wc`j {mq}r em`mq}r fme}kgc` agrc em`wmacafc`
q}t{}q
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rmig`jjc
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lgjcrg
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em`}`kc
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{inqcbn{new rcetcg ecrclci jc`jj}c` qmrtgqc{nqgf tckc acwg am`cq%am`cq {mqc{crg. [cqjm{`wc gclci ntmqcrg kglcf}fc` 9%34 icqg fme}kgc` }`{}f emegrcifc` hgr{}lc kc` emetmqacgfg mrnhcj}r.)1' Tckc tqg`rgt`wc {g`kcfc` ntmqcrg kglcf}fc` }`{}f emetmqacgfg ca`nqeclg{cr c`c{neg. [g`kcfc` ntmqcrg kcqg c{qmrgc c{ qmrgc mrnhcj}r em`bcf}t)3,1,2,;,='?
3;
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
Ntmqcrg kglcfrc`cfc` kclce jm`mqcl m`kn{qcbimcl c`mr{imrgc km`jc` cfrmr xcrf}lcq wc`j acgf kc` em`jj}`cfc` xm`{glc{nq km`jc` {mfc`c` wc`j b}f}t rmig`jjc {gkcf em`wmacafc` kgr{m`rg lcea}`j.
Aqn`fnrfntg
tqm%ntmqc{gh
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}`{}f
em`jgkm`{ghgfcrg
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em`jm{ci}g lnfcrg hgr{}lc.
Tnrgrg acwg kg{gk}qfc` tckc rgrg fgqg km`jc` {c`jc` fc`c` kgc`jfc{ kg kmtc` kckc }`{}f kglcfrc`cfc` qgji{ tnr{mqnlc{mqcl {inqcbn{new. Tckc I%Hgr{}lc, ntmqcrg kglcf}fc` emlcl}g lmimq fcqm`c ic`wc emegrcifc` hgr{}lc {c`tc emetmqacgfg mrnhcj}r.
Ntmqcrg kglcfrc`cfc` {inqcbn{new, kgec`c hgr{}lc kg{}{}t km`jc` bcqc kggfc{ kc` kgocig{ fme}kgc` kga}c{ c`cr{nenrgr mrnhcjmcl c`{cqc fmk}c }o}`j tqnygecl kc` kgr{cl kcqg mrnhcj}r.
Tckc c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl, icetgq rmlcl} ocqcf c`{cqc mrnhcj}r tqnygecl kc` kgr{cl kctc{ kgrcea}`j lc`jr}`j. G`g kgrma}{ km`jc` tqgecqw qmtcgq, wcg{} ctcaglc ocqcf fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r kgaczci 1 q}cr xmq{maqc. Aglc ocqcf`wc 2%8 q}cr xmq{maqc, kglcf}fc` kmlcwmk tqgecqw qmtcgq. Ntmqcrg kg{}`kc rmlcec tclg`j lcec 31 eg`jj}, rceagl kglcf}fc` r}b{gn` q}{g` kc` tmeamqgc` ecfc`c` emlcl}g jcr{qnr{new, ecfc ocqcf fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r cfc` em`wmetg{ fme}kgc` kglcf}fc` tqgecqw qmtcgq. Ctcaglc ocqcf fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r lmagi kcqg 8 q}cr xmq{maqc, ecfc kgbnac kglcf}fc` {g`kcfc` kgc{cr, ctcaglc {gkcf agrc o}jc ecfc mrnhcj}r kgrcea}`j km`jc` em`jj}`cfc` rmacjgc` fnln`.
3=
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434 C`cr{nenrgr mrnhcjmcl. Ocig{c` kglcf}fc` kg rml}q}i kg`kg`j mrnhcj}r )C'. Tm`{g`j }`{}f emecr{gfc` acizc lctgrc` e}fnrc gf}{ {mqocig{ )A'. Fc{m{mq kgj}`cfc` rmacjcg qc`jfc c`cr{nenrgr em`ji}a}`jfc` fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r )B'. C`cr{nenrgr fmk}c }o}`j mrnhcj}r km`jc` ocig{c` am`c`j =%4 carnqacalm rmlmrcg kglcf}fc` )K'.
[g`kcfc` rm{mlci ntmqcrg Tcrbc ntmqcrg tcrgm` kgxm`{glcrg rmlcec = icqg. R}b{gn` R}b {gn` icq}r kglcf}fc` rmbcqc q}{g`. Rmlc`j fc{m{mq }`{}f r}b{gn` icq}r kg{c`kcg cjcq {gkcf ecr}f {mqlcl} kclce kc` em`jm`cg amfcr ntmqcrg {metc{ c`cr{nenrgr cjcq {gkcf em`gea}lfc` fmq}rcfc`. Rm{mlci icqg fm%2 agrc kgecr}ffc` @J[ }`{}f tmeamqgc` ecfc`c`. )1'
38
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434 Jceacqc` ntmqcrg tmqacgfc` kcqg C{qmrgc mrnhcj}r km`jc` Hgr{}lc {qcfmnmrnhcjmcl kgr{cl.
FNETLGFCRG Fnetlgfcrg kg`g, em`bcf}t )3,1,2'?
Fmanbnqc` c`cr{nenrgr [mqockg 3=%14- kcqg fcr}r. Tm`c`jc`c` km`jc` km`jc` bcqc kglcf}fc` {inqcbnr{new rceagl r}b{gn` {mq}r%em`mq}r kc` em`}`jj} tm`wmea}ic` kc` tm`}{}tc` c`cr{nenrgr rmbcqc rtn`{c`, c{c} km`jc` emlcf}fc` {g`kcfc` amkci kcq}qc{ }`{}f em`}{}t fmanbnqc`.
R{qgf{}q c`cr{nenrgr [mqockg tckc 24%;4- fcr}r. Tm`c`jc`c``wc gclci km`jc` emlmacqfc` r{qgf{}q wc`j ckc rmbcqc m`knrfntg.
Hgr{}lc qmf}qm` {mqockg tckc =%3;- fcr}r.
3:
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
Fnetlgfcrg lc`o}{, em`bcf}t )3,1,2'?
Qmhl}y Jcr{qnmrnhcjmcl [mqockg tckc ;4- fcr}r. Tm`c`jc`c` em`bcf}t emkgfcem`{nrc kc` h}`kntlgbc{gn`, wcg{} {g`kcfc` amkci kgec`c acjgc` c{cr lcea}`j kga}`jf}r fm rmfg{cq acjgc` aczci mrnhcj}r.
[qcfmneclcrgc [mqockg tckc 34- fcr}r. Tm`c`jc`c``wc gclci km`jc` emlcf}fc` ec`gt}lcrg {mqickct cnq{c }`{}f emeamqgfc` q}c`jc` acjg {qcfmc cjcq kctc{ em`jmeac`j.
Kgren{glg{w Mrnhcj}r. {mqockg cfgac{ fn`{qcfrg mrnhcj}r wc`j {mqjc`jj}. Tcrgm` kgrcqc`fc` }`{}f ecfc` kgrmlg`jg` km`jc` eg`}e.
TQNJ@NRGR
Tqnj`nrgr amqjc`{}`j tckc om`gr fmlcg`c` c`c{neg kcqg c{qmrgc kc` ckc`wc fnetlgfcrg.)3,1,2'
Rcc{ g`g {g`jfc{ fmamqicrglc` ntmqcrg c{qmrgc mrnhcj}r em`bctcg 74-
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Amqkcrcqfc` flcrghgfcrg Rtg{ }`{}f em`jm{ci}g {g`jfc{ fmlc`jr}`jc` igk}t amqkcrcqfc` amqc{ ackc` lcigq kc` fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq, wcg{})3,1,2' 3. Jq}t
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Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
2. Jq}t GGG ‒ Amqc{ Ackc` lcigq <3=44 jqce KM@JC@ {mqkctc{`wc fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq ecwnq, {g`jfc{ enq{clg{cr :9Fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq ecwnq kgrg`g ecfr}k`wc gclci fmlcg`c`%fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq fn`jm`g{cl wc`j ememql}fc` {g`kcfc` amkci rmjmqc cjcq {gkcf {mqockg jcjcl oc`{}`j.
Fmec{gc` kg`g agcrc`wc kgrmacafc` fmlcg`c` fcqkgnxcrf}lcq kc` ca`nqeclg{cr fqnenrne.)2'
Fmec{gc` lc`o}{ agcrc`wc cfgac{ jc`jj}c` tmq`ctcrc`.)2'
37
Kq. Qnxmlr Cjamq Ecwzmll Gqn{i
C{qmrgc Mrnhcj}r 1434
KCH[CQ T]R[CFC 3. Nlkice Fmg{i [, Bnlneac`g Tc}l E, Hnjlgc Hnjlgc Qnamq{ T, T, Rfg``mq Egbicml Egbicml C, Tqg`bgtlm c`k Tqcb{gbm nh Tmkgc{qgb R}qjmqw Xnl}em 1, Bict{mq 8= ? Mrnticjmcl C{qmrgc c`k [qcbimnmrnticjmcl Hgr{}lc, Lgttg`bn{{ Zgllgcer ( Zglfg`r? 144=. 1. Rtg{ Lmzg, Lmzg, Nqtic`m{ On}q`cl On}q`cl nh Qcqm Kgrmcrm, Nmrnticjmcl Nmrnticjmcl C{qmrgc, AgnEmk Bm`{qcl? 144:. Cxcglcalm c{? i{{t?zzz.noqk.bnebn`{m`{131; 2. Nmrnticjmcl C{qmrgc Zg{i nq Zg{in}{ [qcbimnmrnticjmcl Hgr{}lc Cxcglcalm c{? i{{t?memkgbg`m.emkrbctm.bnecq{gblm72=9=9%tqg`{ ;. Nmrnticjmcl C{qmrgc Cxcglcalm c{? i{{t?zzz.tc{gm`{.bn.}ftqg`{mq.crt>knb5;4444;41 =. Mrnticjmcl C{qmrgc[qcbimnmrnticjmcl C{qmrgc[qcbimnmrnticjmcl Hgr{}lc Cxcglcalm c{? i{{t?memkgbg`m.emkrbctm.bnecq{gblm;3;289%tqg`{ 8. Mrnticjmcl C{qmrgc Cxcglcalm c{? i{{t?m`.zgfgtmkgc.nqjzgfgMrnticjmcl^c{qmrgc
14