A STUDY ON “ARBITRAGE TRADE ANALYSIS OF STOCK TRADING IN NSE AND BSE” Project submtte! " #$rt$% &u%&%%me"t o& t'e re(ureme"t &or t'e $)$r! o& t'e !e*ree o&
“+ASTER OF BUSINESS AD+INISTRATION”
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I, 'ere b- !ec%$re t'$t t'e #roject )or. tt%e! “ARBITRAGE TRADE ANALYSIS
OF STOCK TRADING IN NSE AND BSE ” submtte! b- me " #$rt$% &u%&%%me"t o& t'e $)$r! o& t'e !e*ree o& “+ASTER OF BUSINESS AD+INISTRATION” " F"$"ce s m- or*"$% )or. $"! t )$s "ot submtte! to $"- u"/erst- or "sttuto" Or #ub%s'e! $"- tme be&ore0
P%$ce1 D$te1
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ACKNOELEDGE+ENT
It is indeed a pleasant task to thank all the people who have contributed towards the successful completion of this project.
I express my sincere gratitude to 33333, for his able supervision during the course of the project.
I thank to 3333, faculty and internal guide, Department of usiness !anagement, 33333 for his kind cooperation and who as my guide helped me in completing my project work.
PLACE1 DATE1
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TABLES OF CONTENT 50 INTRODUCTION 505 505
OB6EC B6ECTI TI7E 7E OF T8 T8E E ST STU UDY
90 CO+PANY PROFILE 95 909
BSE NSE
:0 +ET8ODOLOGY ;0 DATA ANALYSIS ;05 ;05
RETU RETURN RN,, 7ARI 7ARIAN ANCE CE,, STAN STANDA DARD RD DE7 DE7IA IATI TION ON OF BSE SENSE3
;09 ;09
RETU RETURN RN,, 7ARI 7ARIAN ANCE CE,, STAN STANDA DARD RD DE7 DE7IA IATI TION ON OF NSE
;0:
CORRELATI CORRELATION ON OF RETURNS RETURNS BET
>0 CONCLUSION ?0 BIBLIOGRAP8Y
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INTRODUCTION
Arbtr$*e Prc"* T'eorDe&"to" $%&. $n alternative asset pricing model to the 'apital $sset %ricing !odel. (nlike the 'apital $sset %ricing !odel, which specifies returns as a linear function of only systematic risk, $rbitrage %ricing &heory may specify returns as a linear function o f more than a single factor.
Fu"!$me"t$% A"$%-ss &his investment strategy involves evaluating a stock by examining the company, especially its operations and its financial condition. )ere we look at several valuation methods, factoring in price*earnings ratio, %+, dividend yields, book value, price*sales ratio, and return on e-uity.
Stoc. Str$te*es earn about various strategies for investing in stocks, including the /buy and hold approach,0 analying market timing, and estimating a companys potential for growth.
Stoc.s $"! Your Port&o%o I like this company, but should I add it to my portfolio3 &his article talks about diversification and balancing risk with your stock selections. &he $rbitrage %ricing &heory 4$%&5 was developed primarily by 6oss 41789a, 1789b5. It is a one:period model in which every investor believes that the stochastic properties of returns of capital assets are consistent with a factor structure. 6oss argues that if e-uilibrium prices offer no arbitrage opportunities over static portfolios of the assets, then the expected returns on the assets are approximately linearly related to the factor loadings. 4&he factor loadings, or betas, are proportional to the returns co variances with the factors.5 &he result is stated in ;ection 1. 6oss 41789a5 heuristic argument for the theory is based on the preclusion of arbitrage. &his intuition is sketched out in ;ection 2.
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6oss formal proof shows that the inear pricing relation is a necessary condition for e-uilibrium in a market where agents maximie certain types of utility. &he subse-uent work, which is surveyed below, derives either from the assumption of the preclusion of arbitrage or the e-uilibrium futility:maximiation. $ linear relation between the expected returns and the betas is tantamount to an identification of the stochastic discount factor 4;D=5. ;ections " and #, respectively, review this literature. &he $%& is a substitute for the 'apital $sset %ricing !odel 4'$%!5 in that both assert a linear relation between assets expected returns and their covariance with other random variables. 4In the '$%!, the covariance is with the market portfolios return.5 &he covariance is interpreted as a measure of risk that investors cannot avoid by diversification. &he slope coefficient in the linear relation between the expected returns and the covariance is interpreted as a risk premium. ;uch a relation is closely tied to mean:variance efficiency, which is reviewed in ;ection <. ;ection < also points out that an empirical test of the $%& entails a procedure to identify at least some features of the underlying factor structure. !erely stating that some collection of portfolios 4or even a single portfolio5 is mean:variance efficient relative to the mean:variance frontier spanned by the existing assets does not constitute a test of the $%&, because one can always find a mean:variance efficient portfolio. 'onse-uently, as a test of the $%& it is not sufficient to merely show that a setoff factor portfolio satisfies the linear relation between the expected return and its covariance with the factors portfolios. $ sketch of the empirical approaches to the $%& is offered in ;ection 9, while ;ection 8 describes various procedures to identify the underlying factors. &he large number of factors proposed in the literature and the variety of statistical or ad hoc procedures to find them indicates that a definitive insight on the topic is still missing. =inally, ;ection > surveys the applications of the $%&, the most prominent being the evaluation of the performance of money managers who actively change their portfolios. 1 (nfortunately, the $%& does not necessarily preclude arbitrage opportunities over dynamic portfolios of the existing assets. &herefore, the applications of the $%& in the evaluation of managed portfolios contradict at least the spirit of the $%&, which obtains price restrictions by assuming the absence of arbitrage.
9
$rbitrage is an often:used term in share markets. &he arbitrager is an important intermediary that helps in price discovery mechanism in all markets be it e-uity, moneyforex or derivatives. &here are three important participants that are important in a cash market, the speculator, arbitrager and an investor. In futures market the investor is replaced by a hedger. $rbitrager and ;peculator are often confused and both are termed as ;peculators. In this article I wish to explain the difference between the two and show how arbitrage works in the market and its influence on market volatility. $rbitraging in India has been going on for several years. Initially arbitrage activity was between ;tock +xchange !umbai and all other regional exchanges. !r. abulal agri the founder of ;ecurities and !r. !anubhai!aneklal were legendary arbitragers of that era. &hey traded between !umbai, Delhi and 'alcutta markets. $rbitraging in those days was done manually and not on any online system. &he way the fingers of these brokers flew on telex machines giving trade instructions was an experience by itself. &hen it shifted to cashing on price difference between ?;+ and ;+ limited. &oday large amount of arbitrage happens between cash and derivative markets. $rbitrage is also possible between the current month and near or far month contracts. In case of 'ommodity exchanges also there is an arbitrage opportunity between the local cash markets or mandis and the future markets which are popularly known as ?ational 'ommodity +xchanges. ;peculator is one who gives li-uidity to the markets. &he buyers and sellers may not often decide at the same time to buy or sell a security. &here is a time gap as well as a difference in price and -uantity at which the buyer and seller intend to do a transaction. &he speculator fills this time gap and gives -uotes to buyers as well as sellers on a continuous basis. &his imparts li-uidity to the market since each order has a counter offer from a speculator even if there is no counter party to match the order. &he arbitrager is one who plays the role of balancing the price differences across the markets. &he markets may be two exchanges trading in the same product or two segments such as cash and derivatives or across international markets and local markets. &he arbitrager continuously tracks prices across the chosen segment. are momentary price differences in two markets due to difference in level of information as well as demand supply situation in the market. &hese price differences are an
8
@pportunity for the arbitrager. &he arbitrager has money power at his disposal. )e takes deliveries in a particular market segment and is able to give deliveries in another market segment. &here is a time gap between giving and taking deliveries. )e holds the stock for this time and earns an interest on the funds invested which comes by way of price differential between buy and sell rates. &he arbitrager has a particular interest return as his target. )e does not have any open positions and all his purchases or sells in a particular market segment have a counter position in another market segment. $t the net level his position is always ero. &his is how the arbitrager earns a risk free return.
&he arbitrager does not always wait for the expiry of the contract or the settlement of the transaction. &hey may reverse the position before the actual settlement date even if they have to compromise on some percentage of the price difference earned by them. esser return is acceptable if it is earned with smaller or no investment. $ll decisions are taken with reference to a benchmark:targeted return. &o give example of an arbitrage transaction, assume that the arbitrager has 6s.1A lacs available for doing arbitrage activity. )is targeted return is say 1>B p.a. which works to about 1.
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charges and stamp duty. )ence it becomes unviable for an investor unless the transaction costs are very low. &he price difference is only for a few minutes or seconds hence it must be captured instantly through a speedy trading system. It should not so happen that one transaction is done and the other one does not go through i.e. if the arbitrager buys and is unable to sell and the market falls then instead of making a profit he will end up with a loss. $utomated trading programs are used in order to release both orders so that both the prices are captured simultaneously. $rbitrage activity thus adds to li-uidity in the markets and also helps in balancing the prices of same shares across various markets. %rices continuously balance out once the differences are cash upon. $rbitrage )elps in reducing volatility in markets since continuous flow of orders reduces impact cost and more depth means less volatility. $ small investor may not always be able to capture small differences in prices. &hey are not constantly in front of the trading screen nor do they have sophisticated trading systems to execute the orders. &hey are often linked to Internet or a network connection that is not direct feed into the stock exchange system i.e. @& or ?+$&. ;treaming -uotes on online trading is closest that is available for such trading. est strategy is to look for difference in shares prices of stocks that you already have, hence delivery is not a problem. @therwise it is a volume game, small returns over thousands of transactions is the name of the game. It is advisable to study the opportunities. Eou may not act on all of them, but it prepares you to invest your money wisely when you are a illionaireF. +utu$% Fu"! Fe$ture
&here have been many successful arbitrage schemes launched in the Indian !utual =und Industry, but G! =inancial !utual =und is the pioneer in this segment. It launched its first arbitrage scheme : G! +-uity H Derivative =und : and introduced the concept across the country in 2AA<. $fter an overwhelming response to this scheme, where the 'ompany collected around 6s >2" crores, it has now come up with a new fund offering called Arbtr$*e A!/$"t$*e Fu"!0
&he objective of this ;cheme is to generate income through arbitrage opportunities emerging out of mis:pricing between the cash and the derivatives markets and through deployment of surplus cash in fixed:income instruments. $rbitrage $dvantage =und is an extended version of the G! +-uity H Derivatives =und, which
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$ccording to the new guidelines by ;+I can hedge the entire position of its e-uity stock, opposed to earlier when a mutual fund scheme could buy*sell futures for only up to
AB of the corpus into e-uity shares and hedge e-uivalent futures by allocating the balance 2AB towards margins. &his will enhance the returns of an arbitrage scheme phenomenally, just as the 'ompany delivered 8B per annum returns in the past and with the new ;cheme, the returns to investors would be higher, at >.<:7B a year. ;cheme =eature Asset A%%oc$to" Instruments 6isk %rofile !in:!ax +-uity H +-uity:linked instruments !edium:)igh 9<:>AB Derivatives, including stock futures and stock options !edium:)igh 9<:>AB Debt ;ecurities, !oney !arket Instruments !edium:)igh 2A:"
$rbitrage is a strategy involving a simultaneous purchase and sale of identical or e-uivalent instruments across two or more markets in order to benefit from a discrepancy in their price relationship. It is a risk:free transaction, as the long and short legs of the transaction offset each other exactly. &hus, arbitrage engages in a strategy in order to reduce risk of loss caused by price fluctuations of securities held in the portfolio. It involves buying and selling of e-ual -uantities of a security in two different markets, with the expectations that a future change in price will offset by an opposite change in the other. Daily turnover in the derivatives segment is around ".< times the cash market volumes and is to the tune of 6s "A,AAA crores. $rbitrage activity is largely concentrated in single stock futures, while index arbitrage is not very popular, although it contributes about 2<:"AB of the total stock futures volumes. In India, stock borrowing in the cash market is cumbersome, making the /;ell ;tock buy =utures0 strategy difficult hence, almost the entire arbitrage activity is concentrated in /uy ;tock:;ell =utures0.#
A!/$"t$*es o& Arbtr$*e Str$te*-
1A
•
J 'apitalises opportunities of mis:pricing 4cost of carry5 between cash and derivatives.
•
J It is safe, as it does not carry e-uity market risk, as all e-uity positions are completely hedged.
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J %otential returns are higher than comparable investment avenues with similar risks.
•
enefits of investing in an $rbitrage =und
•
J ;ince the arbitrage fund is categoried as e-uity fund, there will be no tax on ong:&erm capital gains
•
Dividends are also tax:free.
•
J %otential returns are higher than those in comparable investment avenues with similar risks like bank
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=ixed:deposits or li-uid schemes.
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J It does not carry risk e-uivalent to the e-uity market risk, as all e-uity positions are hedged.
Co"c%uso"
&he $rbitrage =und, in such uncertain times, can prove to be one of the good choices by investors, other than putting the money in fixed deposits. &he =und )ouse is claiming a return of around 7:7.7B, which is much better than that of many other savings instruments. )owever, finding an arbitrage opportunity in a bear phase is very
T'e Fu"!$me"t$% T'eorem o& Arbtr$*e Prc"*
1. Introduction
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&he lack:;chools theory, which is the main subject of this course and its se-uel, is based on the +fficient !arket )ypothesis that arbitrages 4the term will be defined shortly5 do not exist in efficient markets. $lthough this is never completely true in practice, it is a useful basis for pricing theory, and we shall limit our attention 4at least for now5 to efficient 4that is, arbitrage:free5 markets. Ce shall see that absence of arbitrage sometimes leads to uni-ue determination of prices of various derivative securities, and gives clues about how these derivative securities may be hedged. In particular, we shall see that, in the absence of arbitrage, the market imposes a probability distribution, called a risk:neutral or e-uilibrium measure, on the set of possible market scenarios, and that this probability measure determines market prices via discounted expectation. &his is the =undamental &heorem of arbitrage pricing. efore we state the =undamental &heorem formally, or consider its ramifications, we shall consider several simple examples of derivative pricing in which the +fficient !arket )ypothesis allows one to directly determine the market price. E@$m#%e1 For)$r! Co"tr$cts
In the simplest forward contract, there is a single underlying asset ;tock, whose share price 4in units of 'ash5 at time t K A is known but at time t K 1 is subject to uncertainty. It is also assumed that there is a riskless asset !oney!arket, that is, an asset whose ;hare price at t K 1 is not subject to uncertainty the share price of !oney!arket at t K A is 1 and at t K 1 is regardless of the market scenario. &he constant r is called the risk less rate of return. &he forward contract calls for one of the agents to pay the other an amount = 4the forward price5 in 'ash at time t K 1 in exchange for one share of ;tock. &he forward price = is written into the contract at time t K A. ?o money or assets change hands at time t K A. %roposition 1. In an arbitrage:free market, the forward price is = K ;Aer.Informally, an arbitrage is a way to make a guaranteed profit from nothing, by short:selling certain assets at time t K A, using the proceeds to buy other assets, and then settling accounts at time t K 1. Chen an investor sells an asset short, he*she must borrow shares of the asset to sell in return for a promise to return the shares at a pre:specified future time 4and, usually, an interest charge5. In real markets there are constraints on short:selling imposed by
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brokers and market regulators to assure that the shares borrowed for short sales can be repaid. In the idealied markets of the lack:;choles universe, such constraints do not exist, nor are there interest payments on borrowed shares, nor are there transaction costs 4brokerage fees5. =urthermore, it is assumed that investors may buy or sell shares 4as many as they like5 in any asset at the prevailing market price without affecting the share price.
Fu"!$me"t$%s1 u$"tt$t/e $"! u$%t$t/e
Eou could define fundamental analysis as /researching the fundamentals0, but that doesnt tell you a whole lot unless you know what fundamentals are. $s we mentioned in the introduction, the big problem with defining fundamentals is that it can include anything related to the economic well:being of a company. @bvious items include things like revenue and profit, but fundamentals also include everything from a companys market share to the -uality of its management. &he various fundamental factors can be grouped into two categoriesL -uantitative and -ualitative. &he financial meaning of these terms isnt all that different from their regular definitions. )ere is how the !;? +ncarta dictionary defines the termsL Muantitative N capable of being measured or expressed in numerical terms. Mualitative N related to or based on the -uality or character of something, often as opposed to its sie or -uantity. In our context, -uantitative fundamentals are numeric, measurable characteristics about a business. Its easy to see how the biggest source of -uantitative data is the financial statements. Eou can measure revenue, profit, assets and more with great precision. &urning to -ualitative fundamentals, these are the less tangible factors surrounding a business : things such as the -uality of a companys board members and key executives, its brand:name recognition, patents or proprietary technology.
u$"tt$t/e +eets u$%t$t/e
?either -ualitative nor -uantitative analysis is inherently better than the other. Instead, many analysts consider -ualitative factors in conjunction with the hard,
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-uantitative factors. &ake the 'oca:'ola 'ompany, for example. Chen examining its stock, an analyst might look at the stocks annual dividend payout, earnings per share, %*+ ratio and many other -uantitative factors. )owever, no analysis of 'oca:'ola would be complete without taking into account its brand recognition. $nybody can start a company that sells sugar and water, but few companies on earth are recognied by billions of people. Its tough to put your finger on exactly what the 'oke brand is worth, but you can be sure that its an essential ingredient contributing to the companys ongoing success. T'e Co"ce#t o& I"tr"sc 7$%ue
efore we get any further, we have to address the subject of intrinsic value. @ne of the primary assumptions of fundamental analysis is that the price on the stock market does not fully reflect a stocks /real0 value. $fter all, why would you be doing price analysis if the stock market were always correct3 In financial jargon, this true value is known as the intrinsic value. =or example, lets say that a companys stock was trading at O2A. $fter doing extensive homework on the company, you determine that it really is worth O2<. In other words, you determine the intrinsic value of the firm to be O2<. &his is clearly relevant because an investor wants to buy stocks that are trading at prices significantly below their estimated intrinsic value. &his leads us to one of the second major assumptions of fundamental analysisL in the long run, the stock market will reflect the fundamentals. &here is no point in buying a stock based on intrinsic value if the price never reflected that value. ?obody knows how long /the long run0 really is. It could be days or years. &his is what fundamental analysis is all about. y focusing on a particular business, an investor can estimate the intrinsic value of a firm and thus find opportunities where he or she can buy at a discount. If all goes well, the investment will pay off over time as the market catches up to the fundamentals. &he big unknowns areL •
Eou dont know if your estimate of intrinsic value is correct and
•
Eou dont know how long it will take for the intrinsic value to be reflected in the marketplace. 1#
Crtcsms o& Fu"!$me"t$% A"$%-ss
&he biggest criticisms of fundamental analysis come primarily from two groupsL proponents of technical analysis and believers of the /efficient market hypothesis0. &echnical analysis is the other major form of security analysis. Cere not going to get into too much detail on the subject. 4!ore information is available in our Introduction to &echnical $nalysis tutorial.5 %ut simply, technical analysts base their investments 4or, more precisely, their trades5 solely on the price and volume movements of securities. (sing charts and a number of other tools, they trade on momentum, not caring about the fundamentals. Chile it is possible to use both techni-ues in combination, one of the basic tenets of technical analysis is that the market discounts everything. $ccordingly, all news about a company already is priced into a stock, and therefore a stocks price movements give more insight than the underlying fundamental factors of the business itself. =ollowers of the efficient market hypothesis, however, are usually in disagreement with both fundamental and technical analysts. &he efficient market hypothesis contends that it is essentially impossible to produce market:beating returns in the long run, through either fundamental or technical analysis. &he rationale for this argument is that, since the market efficiently prices all stocks on an ongoing basis, any opportunities for excess returns derived from fundamental 4or technical5 analysis would be almost immediately whittled away by the markets many participants, making it impossible for anyone to meaningfully outperform the market over the long term.
FUNDA+ENTAL ANALYSIS L u$%t$t/e F$ctors T'e Com#$"-
efore diving into a companyPs financial statements, wePre going to take a look at some of the -ualitative aspects of a company. =undamental analysis seeks to determine the intrinsic value of a companyPs stock. ut since -ualitative factors, by definition, represent aspects of a companyPs business that are difficult or impossible to -uantify, incorporating that kind of information into a
1<
pricing evaluation can be -uite difficult. @n the flip side, as wePve demonstrated, you canPt ignore the less tangible characteristics of a company. In this section we are going to highlight some of the company:specific -ualitative factors that you should be aware of. Bus"ess +o!e%
+ven before an investor looks at a companyPs financial statements or does any research, one of the most important -uestions that should be asked isL Chat exactly does the company do3 &his is referred to as a companyPs business model N itPs how a company makes money. Eou can get a good overview of a companyPs business model by checking out its website or reading the first part of its 1A:Q filing 4?oteL CePll get into more detail about the 1A:Q in the financial statements chapter. =or now, just bear with us5. ;ometimes business models are easy to understand. &ake !cDonalds, for instance, which sells hamburgers, fries, soft drinks, salads and whatever other new special they are promoting at the time. ItPs a simple model, easy enough for anybody to understand. @ther times, youPd be surprised how complicated it can get. oston 'hicken Inc. is a prime example of this. ack in the early P7As its stock was the darling of Call ;treet. $t one point the companyPs '+@ bragged that they were the Rfirst new fast:food restaurant to reach O1 billion in sales since 1797R. &he problem is, they didnPt make money by selling chicken. 6ather, they made their money from royalty fees and high:interest loans to franchisees. oston 'hicken was really nothing more than a big franchisor. @n top of this, management was aggressive with how it recognied its revenue. $s soon as it was revealed that all the franchisees were losing money, the house of cards collapsed and the company went bankrupt. $t the very least, you should understand the business model of any company you invest in. &he R@racle of @mahaR, Carren uffett, rarely invests in tech stocks because most of the time he doesnPt understand them. &his is not to say the technology sector is bad, but itPs not uffettPs area of expertise he doesnPt feel comfortable investing in this area. ;imilarly, unless you understand a companyPs business model, you donPt know what the drivers are for future growth, and you leave yourself vulnerable to being blindsided like shareholders of oston 'hicken were. Com#ett/e A!/$"t$*e
19
$nother business consideration for investors is competitive advantage. $ companyPs long:term success is driven largely by its ability to maintain a competitive advantage : and keep it. %owerful competitive advantages, such as 'oca 'olaPs brand name and !icrosoftPs domination of the personal computer operating system, create a moat around a business allowing it to keep competitors at bay and enjoy growth and profits. Chen a company can achieve competitive advantage, its shareholders can be well rewarded for decades. )arvard usiness ;chool professor !ichael %orter, distinguishes between strategic positioning and operational effectiveness. @perational effectiveness means a company is better than rivals at similar activities while competitive advantage means a company is performing better than rivals by doing different activities or performing similar activities in different ways. Investors should know that few companies are able to compete successfully for long if they are doing the same things as their competitors. %rofessor %orter argues that, in general, sustainable competitive advantage g ained byL $ uni-ue competitive position 'lear tradeoffs and choices vis:S:vis competitor $ctivities tailored to the companyPs strategy $ high degree of fit across activities 4it is the activity system, not the parts that ensure sustainability5 $ high degree of operational effectiveness +$"$*eme"t
Gust as an army needs a general to lead it to victory, a company relies upon management to steer it towards financial success. ;ome believe that management is the most important aspect for investing in a company. It makes sense : even the best business model is doomed if the leaders of the company fail to properly execute the plan. ;o how does an average investor go about evaluating the management of a company3 &his is one of the areas in which individuals are truly at a disadvantage compared to professional investors. Eou canPt set up a meeting with management if you want to invest a few thousand dollars. @n the other hand, if you are a fund manager interested in investing millions of dollars, there is a good chance you can schedule a face:to:face meeting with the upper brass of the firm. +very public company has a corporate information section on its website. (sually there will be a -uick biography on each executive with their employment history,
18
educational background and any applicable achievements. DonPt expect to find anything useful here. etPs be honestL CePre looking for dirt, and no company is going to put negative information on its corporate website. Instead, here are a few ways for you to get a feel for managementL 50 Co"&ere"ce C$%%s
&he 'hief +xecutive @fficer 4'+@5 and 'hief =inancial @fficer 4'=@5 host -uarterly conference calls. 4;ometimes youPll get other executives as well.5 &he first portion of the call is management basically reading off the financial results. Chat is really interesting is the -uestion:and:answer portion of the call. &his is when the line is open for analysts to call in and ask management direct -uestions. $nswers here can be revealing about the company, but more importantly, listen for candor. Do they avoid -uestions, like politicians, or do they provide forthright answers3 90 +$"$*eme"t Dscusso" $"! A"$%-ss 2+D=A4
&he !anagement Discussion and $nalysis is found at the beginning of the annual report 4discussed in more detail later in this tutorial5. In theory, the !DH$ is supposed to be frank commentary on the managementPs outlook. ;ometimes the content is worthwhile, other times its boilerplate. @ne tip is to compare what manag ement said in past years with what they are saying now. Is it the same material rehashed3 )ave strategies actually been implemented3 If possible, sit down and read the last five years of !DH$s it can be illuminating. :0 O)"ers'# $"! I"s!er S$%es
Gust about any large company will compensate executives with a combination of cash, restricted stock and options. Chile there are problems with stock options 4;ee %utting !anagement under the !icroscope5, it is a positive sign that members of management are also shareholders. &he ideal situation is when the founder of the company is still in charge. +xamples include ill ates 4in the P>As and P7As5, !ichael Dell and Carren uffett. Chen you know that a majority of managementPs wealth is in the stock, you can have confidence that they will do the right thing. $s well, itPs worth checking out if management has been selling its stock. &his has to be filed with the ;ecurities and +xchange 'ommission 4;+'5, so itPs publicly available information. &alk is cheap : think
1>
twice if you see management unloading all of its shares while saying something else in the media. ;0 P$st Per&orm$"ce
$nother good way to get a feel for management capability is to check and see how executives have done at other companies in the past. Eou can normally find biographies of top executives on company web sites. Identify the companies they worked at in the past and do a search on those companies and their performance. Eear after year, key players in the =orex market make a killing by picking the right currencies N now its your turn. $ccess industry gurus oris and Qathys exclusive =6++ report, &he =ive &hings &hat !ove the 'urrency !arket N $nd )ow to %rofit =rom &hem, right nowT Cor#or$te Go/er"$"ce
'orporate governance describes the policies in place within an organiation denoting the relationships and responsibilities between management, directors and stakeholders. &hese policies are defined and determined in the company charter and its bylaws, along with corporate laws and regulations. &he purpose of corporate governance policies is to ensure that proper checks and balances are in place, making it more difficult for anyone to conduct unethical and illegal activities. ood corporate governance is a situation in which a company complies with all of its governance policies and applicable government regulations 4such as the ;arbanes:@xley $ct of 2AA25 in order to look out for the interests of the companyPs investors and other stakeholders. $lthough, there are companies and organiations 4such as ;tandard H %oorPs5 that attempt to -uantitatively assess companies on how well their corporate governance policies serve stakeholders, most of these reports are -uite expensive for the average investor to purchase. =ortunately, corporate governance policies typically cover a few general areasL structure of the board of directors, stakeholder rights and financial and information transparency. Cith a little research and the right -uestions in mind, investors can get a good idea about a companyPs corporate governance
Tec'"c$% A"$%-ss
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De&"to" $ method of evaluating securities by relying on the assumption that market data, such as charts of price, volume, and open interest, can help predict future 4usually short:term5 market trends. (nlike fundamental analysis, the intrinsic value of the security is not considered. &echnical analysts believe that they can accurately predict the future price of a stock by looking at its historical prices and other trading variables. &echnical analysis assumes that market psychology influences trading in a way that enables predicting when a stock will rise or fall. =or that reason, many technical analysts are also market timers, who believe that technical analysis can be applied just as easily to the market as a whole as to an individual stock.
Re%$te! Terms advance*decline line, head and shoulders, moving average, point:and:figure chart, resistance, analysis, ascending bottoms, ascending tops, descending bottoms, descending tops, breadth:of:market theory, breakout, chartist, cup and handle, saucer, flag, pennant, double bottom, double top, +lliott Cave &heory, high:low index, momentum
indicator,
!$'D,
on:balance
volume,
overbought,
oversold,
overbought*oversold indicator, random walk theory, reading the tape, relative strength, support, signal, technical analyst, technical indicator, test, trendline, vertical line charting, $rms Index, double top breakout, triple bottom, ollinger bands
Tec'"c$% A"$%-ss &echnical analysis is the study of a stock, or the market as a whole, strictly by using the price and volume history of a stock. &echnical analysis uses little or no information about the actual business behind the stock. &he common belief is that a stock price represents all known information about a stock. &echnical analysis is an alternative to fundamental analysis. @ur service provides a very specialied type of technical analysis, performing real:time statistical analysis on all relevant market data. ike many people we believe that changes in the fundamentals will be visible through technical analysis. A%ert T-#es
&he methods used to analye securities and make investment decisions fall into two very broad categoriesL fundamental analysis and technical analysis. =undamental 2A
analysis involves analying the characteristics of a company in order to estimate its value. &echnical analysis takes a completely different approach it doesnPt care one bit about the RvalueR of a company or a commodity. &echnicians 4sometimes called chartists5 are only interested in the price movements in the market. Despite all the fancy and exotic tools it employs, technical analysis really just studies supply and demand in a market in an attempt to determine what direction, or trend, will continue in the future. In other words, technical analysis attempts to understand the emotions in the market by studying the market itself, as opposed to its components. If you understand the benefits and limitations of technical analysis, it can give you a new set of tools or skills that will enable you to be a better trader or investor. <'$t Is Tec'"c$% A"$%-ss
&echnical analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analying the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. &echnical analysts do not attempt to measure a securityPs intrinsic value, but instead use charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity. Gust as there are many investment styles on the fundamental side, there are also many different types of technical traders. ;ome rely on chart patterns, others use technical indicators and oscillators, and most use some combination of the two. In any case, technical analystsP exclusive use of historical price and volume data is what separates them from their fundamental counterparts. (nlike fundamental analysts, technical analysts donPt care whether a stock is undervalued : the only thing that matters is a securityPs past trading data and what information this data can provide about where the security might move in the future.
21
OB6ECTI7ES OF T8E STUDY
&he objective of the study is to analye the possibility of taking advantage of arbitrage mechanism of the blue chip scrips of core sectors of Indian economy, traded in ;+ and ?;+.
&en blue chip scrip of five core sectors are studied for evaluation.
&he share prices of these scrips are being taken for analysis for the period of two months, @ctober 2AA8 and ?ovember 2AA8.
'losing prices of each share in the two exchanges are taken for analysis.
&he difference in the prices is analyed for any scope of arbitration.
22
ORGANISATION PROFILE
2"
Bomb$- Stoc. E@c'$"*e 2BSE4 ombay ;tock +xchange imited is the oldest stock exchange in $sia with a rich heritage. %opularly known as R;+R, it was established as R&he ?ative ;hare ;tock rokers $ssociationR in 1>8<. It is the first stock exchange in the country to obtain permanent recognition in 17<9 from the overnment of India under the ;ecurities 'ontracts 46egulation5 $ct, 17<9.&he +xchangePs pivotal and pre:eminent role in the development of the Indian capital market is widely recognied and its index, ;+?;+U, is tracked worldwide. +arlier an $ssociation of %ersons 4$@%5, the +xchange is now a demutualised and corporative entity incorporated under the provisions of the 'ompanies $ct, 17<9,
;+ 4'orporatiation and Demutualiation5 ;cheme, 2AA< notified by the ;ecurities and +xchange oard of India 4;+I5.Cith demutualiation, the trading rights and ownership rights have been de:linked effectively addressing concerns regarding perceived and real conflicts of interest. &he +xchange is professionally managed under the overall direction of the oard of Directors. &he oard comprises eminent professionals, representatives of &rading !embers and the !anaging Director of the +xchange. &he oard is inclusive and is designed to benefit from the participation of market intermediaries. In terms of organiation structure, the oard formulates larger policy issues and exercises over:all control. &he committees constituted by the oard are broad:based. &he day:to:day operations of the +xchange are managed by the !anaging Director and a management team of professionals.
2#
8stor- o& t'e Bomb$- Stoc. E@c'$"*e1 &he ombay ;tock +xchange is known as the oldest exchange in $sia. It traces its history to the 1>8# and in 1>8< became an official organiation known as P&he ?ative ;hare H ;tock rokers $ssociationP. In 17<9, the ;+ became the first stock exch exchan ange ge to be reco recogn gni ied ed by the the Indi Indian an ove overn rnme ment nt unde underr the the ;ecurities 'ontracts 6egulation $ct. &he ombay ;tock +xchange developed the ;+ ;ensex in 17>9, giving the ;+ a means to measure overall performance of the exchange. In 2AAA the ;+ used this index to open its derivatives market, trading ;ensex futures contracts. &he development of ;ensex options along with e-uity derivatives
followed in 2AA1 and 2AA2, expanding the ;+Ps
trading platform. )istorically an open:cry floor trading exchange, the ombay ;tock +xchange switched to an electronic trading system in 177<. It took the exchange exchan ge only fifty days to make this transition.
2<
NATIONAL STOCK E3C8ANGE OF INDIA LI+ITED INTRODUCTION1 T'e Or*$"$to" &he ?ational ;tock +xchange of India imited has genesis in the report of the )igh %owered ;tudy roup on +stablish +stablishment ment of ?ew ;tock +xchanges, which recommended recommended promotion of a ?ational ;tock +xchange by financial institutions 4=Is5 to provide access to inve invest stor orss from rom all all acro across ss the coun counttry on an e-ua e-uall foot footin ing. g. as ased on the recommendations, ?;+ was promoted by leading =inancial Institutions at the behest of the overnment of India and was incorporated in ?ovember 1772 as a tax:paying company
unlike
other
stock
exchanges
in
the
country.
@n its recognition as a stock exchange under the ;ecurities 'ontracts 46egulation5 $ct, 17<9 in $pril 177", ?;+ commenced operations in the Cholesale Debt !arket 4CD!5 segment in Gune 177#. &he 'apital !arket 4+-uities5 segment commenced operations in ?ovember 177# and operations in Derivatives segment commenced in Gune 2AAA. &he ?ation ?ational al ;tock ;tock +xcha +xchange nge of India India td. td. is the larges largestt stock stock exchang exchangee of the country. ?;+ is setting the agenda for change in the securities markets in India. &he last < years have seen us play a major role in bringing investors from "9" cities and towns online, ensuring complete transparency, introducing financial guarantee of settlements, ensuring scientifically designed and professionally managed indices and by nurturing
t he
dematerialiation
effort
29
across
t he
country.
Our Tec'"o%o*$cross the globe, developments in information, communication and network tech technol nolog ogie iess have have crea create ted d para paradi digm gm shif shifts ts in the the secu securi riti ties es mark market et oper operat atio ions ns.. &echnology has enabled organiations to build new sources of competitive advantage, bring about innovations in products and services, and to provide for new business opportunities. ;tock exchanges all over the world have realied the potential of I& and have moved over to electronic trading systems, which are cheaper, have wider reach and provide
a
better
mechanism
for
trade
and
post
trade
execution.
?;+ believes that technology will continue to provide the necessary impetus for the organiation to retain its competitive edge and ensure timeliness and satisfaction in customer service. In recognition of the fact that technology will continue to redefine the shape of the securities industry, ?;+ stresses on innovation and sustained investment in technol technology ogy to remain remain ahead ahead of compet competiti ition. on. ?;+Ps ?;+Ps I& set:up set:up is the largest largest by any company in India. It uses satellite communication technology to energies participation from from arou around nd "2A "2A citi cities es spre spread ad all all over over the the coun countr try. y. In the the recen recentt past, past, capa capaci city ty enhancement measures were taken up in regard to the trading systems so as to effectively meet the re-uirements of increased users and associated trading loads. Cith up gradation of trading hardware, ?;+ can handle up to 9 million trades per day in 'apital !arket segment. In order to capitalie on in:house expertise in technology, ?;+ set up a separate company, ?;+.I&, in @ctober 1777. &his is expected to provide a platform for taking up new
I&
assignments
both
within
an d
outside
India
?;+.I& is a state:of:the:art client server based application. $t the server end, all trading information is stored in an in:memory database to achieve minimum response time and maximum system availability for users. &he trading server software runs on a faul faultt
toler oleran antt
;&6$ ;&6$& &(;
main ain
fram rame
com compute puterr
whi while
the
cli client ent
sof softwar tware. e.
&he telecommun telecommunicatio ications ns network network uses U.2< protocol protocol and is the backbone backbone of the automated automated trading system. system. +ach trading member trades on the ?;+ with other members members through a %' located in the trading memberPs office, anywhere in India. &he trading members on the various market segments such as '! * =H@ , CD! are linked to the central computer at the ?;+ through dedicated 9#Qbps leased lines and V;$& terminals. 28
&he +xchange uses powerful 6I;' :based (?IU servers, procured from Digital and )% for the back office processing. &he latest software platforms like @6$'+ 8 6D!;, (%& (%&$ $ : ;M*@ ;M*@6$ 6$' '+ + =@6! =@6!; ; #.< #.< =ron =rontt : +n +nds ds,, etc. etc. have have been been used used for for the the +xchang +xchangee applic applicati ations ons.. &he +xchan +xchange ge curren currently tly manage managess its data data centre centre operat operation ions, s, system and database administration, design and development of in:house systems and design
and
implementation
of
telecommunicatiosolutions.
?;+ is one of the largest interactive V;$& based stock exchanges in the world. &oday it supports more than "AAA V;$&s. &he ?;+: network is the largest private wide area network in the country and the first extended extended ': and V;$& network network in the world. 'urrently more than 7AAA users are trading on the real time:online ?;+ application. &her &h eree are are over over 1< larg largee comp comput uter er syst system emss whic which h incl includ udee non: non:st stop op faul fault: t:to tole lera rant nt computers and high end (?IU servers, operational under one roof to support the ?;+ applications. &his coupled with the nation wide V;$& network makes ?;+ the countryPs largest
Information
&echnology
user.
In an ongoing effort to improve ?;+Ps infrastructure, a corporate network has been implemented, connecting all the offices at !umbai, Delhi, 'alcutta and 'hennai. &his corporate network enables speedy inter:office communications
C$reers )t' Us
&he ?ational ;tock +xchange of India td. is the largest stock exchange of the country. ?;+ is setting the agenda for change in the securities markets in India. &he last < years have seen us play a major role in bringing investors from "9" cities and towns online, ensuring complete transparency, introducing financial guarantee of settlements, ensuring scientifically designed and professionally managed indices and by nurturing the dematerialiation
effort
across
t he
country.
?;+ is a complete complete capital capital market market prime prime mover. mover. Its wholly:owned wholly:owned subsidiari subsidiaries, es, ?ational ;ecurities 'learing 'orporation td. 4?;''5 provides clearing and settlement of securities, India Index ;ervices and %roducts td. 4II;5 provides indices and index services with a consulting and licensing agreement with ;tandard H %oorPs 4;H%5, and
2>
?;+.I&
td.
forms
the
technology
strength
.
&oday, we are one of the largest exchanges in the world and still forging ahead. $t ?;+, we are constantly working towards creating a more transparent, vibrant H innovative capital market. &his invariably implies that our need for competent people is continuous. $s the leading stock exchange and fiscal entity in the country, we believe in recruiting
the
finest
of
talent
in
the
industry.
Ce are looking for talent to be developed into future leaders of our organiation by cross: departmental exposure, continuous self:development opportunities and
ongoing
reinforcement to develop H enhance customer orientation H leadership potential. $waiting you is an excellent compensation package including medical benefits, super: annotation benefits and a reward system designed to promote merit and professionalism.
Tr$!"* ?;+ introduced for the first time in India, fully automated screen based trading. It uses a modern, fully computeried trading system designed to offer investors across the length and
breadth
of
the
country
a
safe
and
easy
way
to
invest.
&he ?;+ trading system called P?ational +xchange for $utomated &radingP 4?+$&5 is a fully automated screen based trading system, which adopts the principle of an order driven market.
Rs. +$"$*eme"t $ sound risk management system is integral to an efficient clearing and settlement system. ?;+ introduced for the first time in India, risk containment measures that we re common internationally but were absent from the Indian securities markets. ?;'' has put in place a comprehensive risk management system, which is constantly upgraded to pre:empt market failures. &he 'learing 'orporation ensures that trading member obligations are commensurate with their net worth. 6isk containment measures include capital ade-uacy re-uirements of members, monitoring of member performance and track record, stringent margin re-uirements, position limits based on capital, online monitoring of member positions and automatic disablement from trading when limits are breached, etc.
27
+$r.et U#!$tes II; provides to specialied clients facts and figures, reports and e-uity market updates on regular intervals. &his is a paid service.
Lst"* ?;+ plays an important role in helping an Indian companies access e-uity capital, by providing a li-uid and well:regulated market. ?;+ has about 1A19 companies listed representing the length, breadth and diversity of the Indian economy which includes from hi:tech to heavy industry, software, refinery, public sector units, infrastructure, and financial services. isting on ?;+ raises a companys profile among investors in India and abroad. &rade data is distributed worldwide through various news:vending agencies. !ore importantly, each and every ?;+ listed company is re-uired to satisfy stringent financial, public distribution and management re-uirements. )igh listing standards foster investor confidence and also bring credibility into the markets.
"A
COMPANY PROFILE
ICICI O/er/e)
I'I'I ank is IndiaPs second:largest bank with total assets of 6s. ",##9.<> billion 4(;O 87 billion5 at !arch "1, 2AA8 and profit after tax of 6s. "1.1A billion for fiscal 2AA8. I'I'I ank is the most valuable bank in India in terms of market capitaliation and is ranked third amongst all the companies listed on the Indian stock exchanges in terms of free float market capitaliationW. &he ank has a network of about 7
I'I'I ankPs e-uity shares are listed in India on ombay ;tock +xchange and the ?ational ;tock +xchange of India imited and its $merican Depositary 6eceipts 4$D6s5 are listed on the ?ew Eork ;tock +xchange 4?E;+5.
BOARD +E+BERS •
!r. ?. Vaghul, 'hairman
•
!r. ;ridhar Iyengar
•
!r. akshmi ?. !ittal "1
•
!r. ?arendra !urkumbi
8DFC BANK
CO+PANY PROFILE )D=' ank was incorporated in $ugust 177# in the name of P)D=' ank imitedP, with its registered office in !umbai, India. &he ank commenced operations as a ;cheduled 'ommercial ank in Ganuary 177<. &he )ousing Development =inance 'orporation imited 4)D='5 was amongst the first to receive an Pin principleP approval from the 6eserve ank of India 46I5 to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the 6IPs liberaliation of the Indian anking in 177# )D=' ank has a network of over <"1 branches spread over 22> cities across India. $ll branches are linked on an online real:time basis. 'ustomers in over 12A locations are serviced through
"2
T$t$ Co"su%t$"c- Ser/ces
Com#$"- Pro&%e1 T$t$ Co"su%t$"c- Ser/ces 2TCS4 is one of the leading information technology companies in the world. Cith a workforce of over 8#,AAA professionals spread across more than
&'; products and services help companies in various sectors effectively meet their business challenges. Cith technical expertise and employing a flexible approach to client relationships, &'; offers its clientsL consulting, I& services, business process outsourcing, infrastructure outsourcing, and engineering and industrial services.
;ince its inception, the company has invested in new technologies, processes, and people in order to help its customers succeed. Cith inputs from its innovation labs and university alliances, and drawing on the expertise of key partners, &'; keeps clients up:to:date with new technology. &his has helped the company meet various benchmarks of excellence in software development : it is the worldPs first organisation to achieve an enterprise:wide !aturity evel < on -uality improvement models, '!!IX and %:'!!X, using the most rigorous assessment methodology, ;'$!%I;!.
&he company is listed on the ?ational ;tock +xchange and ombay ;tock +xchange in India.
""
&'; is a leading provider of highly flexible financial management software that powers mid:sied businesses. +sso"1
@ur mission is to maximie the business success of our customers through the installation, maintenance, and support of superior financial management software solutions. Object/es1 Ce have set a number of strategic and tactical objectives that reflect our mission, aim and
collective goalsL Y&o establish the company as the best global organiation for large:scale deployment of financial management software solutions on the 'ache platform. Y&o establish a fully object:oriented component based application, which will enable us to deliver robust software -uicker and more efficiently than any competitor. Y&o ensure that customers can operate their business software solutions on infrastructures that matches their needs.
RANBA3Y 6anbaxy aboratories imited, head-uartered in India, is an integrated, research based, international pharmaceutical company, producing a wide range of -uality, affordable generic medicines, trusted by healthcare professionals and patients across geographies. &he 'ompany is ranked amongst the top ten global generic companies and has a presence in 2" of the top 2< pharma markets of the world. &he 'ompany with a global footprint in #7 countries, world:class manufacturing facilities in 11 and a diverse product portfolio, is rapidly moving towards global leadership, riding on its success in the worlds emerging and developed markets.
FINANCIAL
6anbaxy was incorporated in 1791 and went public in 178". =or the year 2AA9, the 'ompanyPs lobal ;ales at (; O1""7 !n reflected a growth of 18B. &he +ID&$ at
"#
(;O2A8 reflected an expansion of 19B. %rofit after &ax at (;O 11# !n registered an increase of 7
B8ARTI AIRTEL harti $irtel is one of IndiaPs leading private sector providers of telecommunications services based on an aggregate of <7,928,7"8 customers as on Ganuary "1, 2AA>, consisting of <8,#18,92< ;! mobile and 2,21A,"12 broadband H telephone customers. &he businesses at harti $irtel have been structured into three individual strategic business units 4;(s5 : mobile services, telemedia services 4$&;5 H enterprise services. &he mobile services group provides ;! mobile services across India in 2" telecom circles, while the $&; business group provides broadband H telephone services in 7# cities. &he enterprise services group has two sub:units : carriers 4long distance services5 and services to corporate. $ll these services are provided under the $irtel brand. 'ompany shares are listed on &he ;tock +xchange, !umbai 4;+5 and &he ?ational ;tock +xchange of India imited 4?;+5.
PARTNERS
&he company has a strategic alliance with ;ing&el. &he investment made by ;ing&el is one of the largest investments made in the world outside ;ingapore, in the company. &he companys mobile network e-uipment partners include +ricsson and ?okia. In the case of the broadband and telephone services and enterprise services 4carriers5, e-uipment suppliers include ;iemens, ?ortel, 'orning, among others. &he 'ompany also has an information technology alliance with I! for its group:wide information technology re-uirements and with ?ortel for call center technology re-uirements. &he call center operations for the mobile services have been outsourced to I! Daksh, )induja &!&, and &eletech H !phasis.
NTPC ?&%' imited is the largest thermal power generating company of India. $ public sector company, it was incorporated in the year 178< to accelerate power "<
development in the country as a wholly owned company of the overnment of India. $t present, overnment of India holds >7.7< !C5, 8 gas based 4",7<< !C5 and # Goint Venture %rojects 41,A<# !C5. ?&%' ac-uired .""B stake in 6atnagiri as H %ower %rivate imited 46%%5 a joint venture company between ?&%', $I, Indian =inancial Institutions and !aharashtra ;+ )olding 'o. td. &he present capacity of 6%% is 8#A !C. ?&%'s share on "1 !ar 2AA8 in the total installed capacity of the country was 2A.1>B and it contributed 2>.
"9
$ R'entre for %ower +fficiency and +nvironment %rotection 4'+?%++%5R has been established in ?&%' with the assistance of (nited ;tates $gency for International Development. 4(;$ID5. 'enpeep is efficiency oriented, eco:friendly and eco:nurturing initiative : a symbol of ?&%'Ps concern towards environmental protection and continued commitment to sustainable power development in India. $s a responsible corporate citien, ?&%' is making constant efforts to improve the socio:economic status of the people affected by the projects. &hrough its 6ehabilitation and 6esettlement programmers, the company endeavors to improve the overall socio:economic status of %roject $ffected %ersons. ?&%' was among the first %ublic ;ector +nterprises to enter into a !emorandum of (nderstanding 4!@(5 with the overnment in 17>8:>>. ?&%' has been %laced under the P+xcellent categoryP 4the best category5 every year since the !@( system became operative. 6ecogniing its excellent performance and vast potential, overnment of the India has identified ?&%' as one of the jewels of %ublic ;ector [?irvanas: a potential global giant. Inspired by its glorious past and vibrant present, ?&%' is well on its way to realie its vision of being /$ world class integrated power major, powering Indias growth, with increasing global presence0 . INSTALLED CAPACITY
$? @V+6VI+C
NTPC O
'@$
1< 22,>7<
$;*IM. =(+ A8 ",7<< &@&$
22 29,>
O
'oal
" "1#W
as*IM. =(+
1 8#AWW
6$?D &@&$ 29 28,7A#
"8
CO+PANY PROFILE
<#ro Lmte! 2<#ro 4, incorporated in 17#<, is a global information technology 4I&5 services company. &he 'ompany provides a range of I& services, software solutions, I& consulting, business process outsourcing 4%@5 services, and research and development services in the areas of hardware and software design to companies worldwide. Cipro operates in four business segmentsL I& ;ervices and %roducts, which is referred to as Cipro &echnologies, provides I& services to international companies usiness %rocess @utsourcing 4%@5 ;ervices, which is referred to as Cipro %@, is a third:party offshore %@ provider in India India and $sia%ac I& ;ervices and %roducts, which focuses primarily on meeting the I& products and services re-uirements of companies in India, $sia:%acific and the !iddle +ast region, and 'onsumer 'are and ighting, which operates in niche markets in the areas of soaps, toiletries and lighting products for the Indian market. (ntil Gune "A, 2AA<, I& ;ervices and %roducts and %@ ;ervices were reported as lobal I& ;ervices and %roducts as an integrated business segment. +ffective as of Guly 1, 2AA<, the 'ompany reorganied the lobal I& ;ervices and %roducts segment into two operating segmentsL I& ;ervices and %roducts, and %@ ;ervices. In December 2AA<, Cipro ac-uired empower ;oftware ;ervice Inc. and its subsidiaries. %ursuant to the terms of this ac-uisition, the 'ompany also ac-uired Impact India, a joint venture between !aster'ard International and empowers ;oftware ;ervices Inc. In December 2AA<, Cipro ac-uired V%+?&+ eteiligungsverwaltung mb) and its subsidiaries 4?ew ogic &echnologies $5, a +uropean system:on:chip design company. In $pril 2AA9, the 'ompany ac-uired c!ango Inc., a provider of business
">
service management 4;!5 solutions. In !ay 2AA9, Cipro ac-uired, subject to completion of certain closing conditions, +nabler, a +urope:based retail solutions provider. In !ay 2AA9, the 'onsumer 'are and ighting segment ac-uired ?orth:Cest ;witches business from ?orth:Cest ;witchgear td, an Indian company engaged in the business of switches and sockets. IT Ser/ces $"! Pro!ucts1 I& ;ervices and %roducts segment accounted for 97B of the 'ompanyPs revenue during
the fiscal year ended !arch "1, 2AA9 4fiscal 2AA95. Cipro provides its clients customied I& solutions in the areas of enterprise I& services, technology infrastructure support services, and research and development services. &he 'ompany provides a range of enterprise solutions primarily to =ortune 1AAA and lobal
ONGC GLOBAL RANKING
Y @?' ranks as the ?umero (no @il H as +xploration H %roduction 4+H%5 'ompany in $sia, as per %latts 2
"7
Y @?' ranks 21st among the top
INDIAS +OST 7ALUABLE CO+PANY
Y /iggest Cealth 'reator $ward0 for the period 2AAA:2AA9 instituted by !*s !otilal @swal ;ecurities td., third time in a row. Y 6anked as the most respected 'ompany in %;( 'ategory in the 2AA9 usiness Corld ;urvey, with 1"th position in the league of the most respected Indian 'orporate. Y &ops the usiness India ;uper 1AA list 4among 2># Indian 'ompanies having ;ales in excess of 6s.
!r. 6 ; ;harma
'hairman H !anaging Director
•
Dr. $ Q alyan
Director 4)65
•
!r. $ Q )aarika
Director 4@nshore5
#A
•
!r. ? Q !itra
Director 4@ffshore5
D$&$ $?$E;I; +ET8ODOLOGY Art'metc $/er$*e or me$" L &he arithmetic average measures the central tendency. &he purpose of computing an average value for a set of observations is to obtain a single value, which is representative of all the items. &he main objective of averaging is to arrive at a single value which is a representative of the characteristics of the entire mass of data and arithmetic average or mean of a series 4usually denoted by x5 is the value obtained by dividing the sum of the values of various items in a series 4sigma x5 divided by the number of items 4?5 constituting the series. &hus, if U1, U2FFFFF..Un are the given ? observations. &hen
UK U1\U2\FFF.Un ?
RETURN
'urrent price:previous price W1AA #1
%revious price
STANDARD DE7IATION1 &he concept of standard deviation was first suggested by Qarl %earson in 17>".it may be defined as the positive s-uare root of the arithmetic mean of the s-uares of deviations of the given observations from their arithmetic mean. In short ;.D may be defined as /6oot !ean ;-uare Deviation from !ean0
It is by far the most important and widely used measure of studying dispersions. =or a set of ? observations U1, U2FF..Un with mean U, Deviations from !eanL 4U1:U5, 4U2:U5,F.4Un:U5 !ean:s-uare deviations from !eanL K 1*? 4U1:U5 2\4U2:U5 2\FFF. \ 4Un:U5 2
K1*? sigma4U:U5 2 6oot:mean:s-uare deviation from meantime.
7ARIANCE1
&he s-uare of standard deviation is known as Variance. Variance is the s-uare root of the standard deviationL #2
Variance K 4;.D5 2 Chere, 4;.D5 is standard deviation
CORRELATION 'orrelation is a statistical techni-ue, which measures and analyses the degree or extent to which two or more variables fluctuate with reference to one another. 'orrelation thus denotes the inter:dependence amongst variables. &he degrees are expressed by a coefficient, which ranges between N1 and \1. &he direction of change is indicated by 4\5 or 4:5 signs. &he former refers to a sympathetic movement in a same direction and the later in the opposite direction. Qarl %earsons method of calculating coefficient 4r5 is based on covariance of the concerned variables. It was devised by Qarl %earson a great ritish iometrician. &his measure known as %earson an correlation coefficient between two variables 4series5 U and E usually denoted by [r is a numerical measure of linear relationship and is defined as the ratio of the covariance between U and E 4written as 'ov4U,E5 to the product of standard deviation of U and E ;ymbolically r K 'ov 4U, E5 ;D of U, E
K
] xy*? ;D of U, E
K ]UE ?
Chere x KU:U, yKE:E
]xy K sum of the product of deviations in U and E series calculated with reference to their arithmetic means.
#"
U K standard deviation of the series U. E K standard deviation of the series E
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE 1!058.05 1!088.00 1!061.35 1!036.80 1!016.35 1!0#5.75 1!068.#5 1!08$.70 1!053.00 1!0$6.70 1!156.75 1!116.85 1!038.80 1!0"#.05 1!06".35 1!100.$0 1!0$7.65 1!1#6.35 1!18#.#5 1!"#$.#0 1!"#0."5 1!"57.00
Close Price NSE 1!057.80 1!086.55 1!068.00 1!036.#0 1!0"1."0 1!0#5.65 1!070.55 1!0$1."5 1!055.00 1!0$7.#5 1!15$.65 1!117.10 1!036.50 1!0"".80 1!061.35 1!10".00 1!0$$.$0 1!1##.65 1!187.50 1!"#0.65 1!"#0."0 1!"5#.05
difference 0."5 1.#5 -6.65 0.#0 -#.85 0.10 -".10 -1.55 -".00 -0.75 -".$0 -0."5 ".30 1."5 1.00 -1.10 -"."5 1.70 -3.05 8.75 0.05 ".$5
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I'; mean
-0.33
max
8.75
min
-6.65
##
max%rice
1!"57.00
min %rice
1!016.35
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRAPHICAL REP RESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ICICI C N E R S E E F F I D
10.00
0.00 -10.00
1
3
5
7
$
Series1
11 13 15 17 1$ "1
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of I'I'I $?Q stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of I'I'I $?Q stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 I'I'I $?Q stock consists minimum value is :9.9< and maximum value \>.8< and !ean is :A."". &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
#<
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
date 1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close %rice &se 1!"$8.$0 1!330.60 1!"70.85 1!"#0.80 1!"03.80 1!168.65 1!1#3.00 1!1#6.65 1!176.15 1!"77.$0 1!"#8.60 1!"1$.#5 1!186.85 1!167."5 1!103.10 1!1"6.$0 1!1#0.35 1!157.65 1!13".#0 1!1"6.75 1!16"."0 1!18#.65
Close %rice NSE 1!"$8.30 1!333.#0 1!"6$.85 1!"#1.80 1!"00.80 1!16$.05 1!1##.#5 1!1#5.35 1!173.70 1!"78.55 1!"#1.65 1!""0.05 1!187.70 1!160.#5 1!106.#5 1!1#5.35 1!13$.#0 1!156.80 1!13".30 1!1"".$0 1!161.75 1!178.#0
difference 0.60 -".80 1.00 -1.00 3.00 -0.#0 -1.#5 1.30 ".#5 -0.65 6.$5 -0.60 -0.85 6.80 -3.35 -18.#5 0.$5 0.85 0.10 3.85 0.#5 6."5
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I'; mean
0."3
max
6.$5
min
-18.#5
max%rice
1!333.#0
min %rice
1!103.10
#9
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ICICI
10.00 5.00 E C 0.00 N E R -5.00 E F F -10.00 I D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-15.00 -"0.00 s.no
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of I'I'I $?Q stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of I'I'I $?Q stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 I'I'I $?Q stock consists minimum value is :1>.#< and maximum value \9.7< and !ean is \.A.2". &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
#8
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
no 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
Date 1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
mean max min max%rice min %rice
-#.65 3.15 -13.$0 1!653.#0 1!357."5
Close Price BSE 1!#0#.00 1!#"".35 1!#0#."0 1!#00.#5 1!#06.00 1!#1$.55 1!#"0.10 1!#56.#5 1!#30.85 1!#$0.#5 1!50#.60 1!#5$.60 1!37$."0 1!357."5 1!37".#0 1!#7#.30 1!506.75 1!5#1.05 1!5#6.05 1!638.70 1!618."5 1!653.10
Close Price NSE 1!#11.65 1!#"#.80 1!#0$.70 1!#03.15 1!#07.35 1!#"1.15 1!#16.$5 1!#60.70 1!#3".70 1!#$$."0 1!507.75 1!#6".75 1!388."0 1!366.35 1!371.$0 1!#88."0 1!513.$5 1!55#.00 1!5#6.50 1!6#6.$5 1!6"0.55 1!653.#0
difference -7.65 -".#5 -5.50 -".70 -1.35 -1.60 3.15 -#."5 -1.85 -8.75 -3.15 -3.15 -$.00 -$.10 0.50 -13.$0 -7."0 -1".$5 -0.#5 -8."5 -".30 -0.30
#>
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF HDFC
5.00 0.00
C N E R -5.00 E F F I D -10.00
1
3
5
7
$ 11 13 15 17 1$ "1 Series1
-15.00 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of )D=' $?Q stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of )D=' $?Q stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 )D=' $?Q stock consists minimum value is :1".7A and maximum value \".1< and !ean is :#.9<. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
#7
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8 s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE 1!675.55 1!758.75 1!70$.55 1!705.$5 1!617.$5 1!55$.#0 1!538."0 1!#75.50 1!578.50 1!7#$.10 1!6$$."0 1!687.15 1!655."0 1!631.60 1!583.00 1!5$#.05 1!56".70 1!6#3.70 1!63".#5 1!607.$5 1!677.15 1!71$.00
Close Price NSE 1!6$0."0 1!770.50 1!716.05 1!708."0 1!616.85 1!555.35 1!536."5 1!#77.35 1!57#."0 1!75".30 1!700.#5 1!687.10 1!65#.55 1!630.30 1!580.$0 1!5$1.70 1!56".70 1!6#3.35 1!63".65 1!606.35 1!67#.#0 1!716.15
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.7#
max
#.30
min
-1#.65
max%rice
1!770.50
min %rice
1!#75.50
difference -1#.65 -11.75 -6.50 -"."5 1.10 #.05 1.$5 -1.85 #.30 -3."0 -1."5 0.05 0.65 1.30 ".10 ".35 0.00 0.35 -0."0 1.60 ".75 ".85
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF HDFC
10.00 5.00 C N 0.00 E R -5.00 E F F I -10.00 D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-15.00 -"0.00
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of )D=' $?Q stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of )D=' $?Q stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 )D=' $?Q stock consists minimum value is :1#.9< and maximum value \#."A and !ean is :A.8#. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
<1
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE 773.05 78$.7 7$8.6 77$.7 76#.# 7$1.75 805.85 830.# 80".1 818.1 8"1." 808."5 783.7 781 77".75 7$6.15 77#.65 7$3.3 810.# 807.1 767.3 757.7
Close Price NSE 773.3 788.1 7$$.#5 77$.05 76#.35 7$6.15 806.7 830.55 803.35 818.3 8"0.8 806.$5 7$1.35 785.15 77".$ 7$5.6 77#.6 800.6 80#.8 807."5 767.75 757.85
Difference -0."5 1.6 -0.85 0.65 0.05 -#.# -0.85 -0.15 -1."5 -0." 0.# 1.3 -7.65 -#.15 -0.15 0.55 0.05 -7.3 5.6 -0.15 -0.#5 -0.15
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.8068"
max
5.6
min
-7.65
(ax%rice
830.55
min %rice
757.7
<2
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF TATA
10 5 C N E R 0 E F F I D -5
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-10 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of &'; stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of &';
stock can be got by subtracting
?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 &'; stock consists minimum value is :8.9< and maximum value \<.9 and !ean is \A.>A9. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
<"
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Close Price BSE
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price NSE
7##.3 755." 7#0.05 7"3.#5 7"".05 706.3 6$6.3 68#.$5 6$".75 707.3 6$8.$ 6$8.15 70".6 707.85 686.5 6$" 71#.65 710." 716.55 7"0.5 7"".3 733.35
Difference
7#6.$5 75#.8 7#0.15 71$.#5 7"0.3 707.55 6$#.8 68#.35 6$3.3 707.65 6$8.$5 6$7.1 703.1 708.#5 6$1.3 6$#.5 71#.35 711.75 71$.75 7"1."5 718." 73".#5
-".65 0.# -0.1 # 1.75 -1."5 1.5 0.6 -0.55 -0.35 -0.05 1.05 -0.5 -0.6 -#.8 -".5 0.3 -1.55 -3." -0.75 #.1 0.$
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I'; mean
-0.1$318
max
#.1
min
-#.8
max%rice
755."
min %rice
68#.35
<#
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF TATA
6 # C N " E R 0 E F F I -" D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-# -6 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of &'; stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of &'; ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 &';
stock can be got by subtracting
stock consists minimum value is :#.>
and maximum value \#.1 and !ean is :A.17". &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
<<
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE $#".3 $68.$ $61.15 $$3.05 $8#.8 1!0#0.30 1!071.$5 1!0$6.10 1!06$."5 1!1"6.75 1!10$.80 1!10#.05 1!01$.#0 $68.#5 $"7.65 1!005.35 $86.3 1!01$.$0 $$3.#5 $$#.65 $$$.75 1!006.60
Close Price)nse* $#1.#5 $70.6 $61.65 $$#.# $85.65 1!038.80 1!070.$0 1!0$6."5 1!068.60 1!1"5.65 1!108.75 1!105.55 1!01#."5 $76.3 $30."5 1!003.10 $$6.#5 1!018.$5 $$0.7 $$5.#5 $$$.55 1!006.60
difference 0.85 -1.7 -0.5 -1.35 -0.85 1.5 1.05 -0.15 0.65 1.1 1.05 -1.5 5.15 -7.85 -".6 "."5 -10.15 0.$5 ".75 -0.8 0." 0
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.#5""7
max
5.15
min
-10.15
max%rice
11"6.75
min %rice
$"7.65
<9
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF AIRTEL
10 5
C N E 0 R E F -5 F I D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-10 -15
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing
analysis of
$I6&+ stock
trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of $I6&+ stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 $I6&+ stock consists minimum value is :1A.1< and maximum value \<.1< and !ean is A.#<2. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
<8
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE $#".$5 8$#.85 $#"." $18.#5 $00."5 88#.35 870.6 833."5 833.1 85$.65 $00.1 $11.6 $06.55 $0".65 8$8.75 $06.$ $13.#5 $#8 $16.5 $10 $15.65 $3$.#5
Close Price NSE $#0.1 8$#.$5 $#1.8 $17.7 8$$.85 883.55 866.7 83#.05 83#."5 85$.# $0".05 $1".$5 $08.6 $05 $00.1 $06.#5 $17.55 $#6.$5 $15.85 $10.05 $1#.75 $3$.5
difference ".85 -0.1 0.# 0.75 0.# 0.8 3.$ -0.8 -1.15 0."5 -1.$5 -1.35 -".05 -".35 -1.35 0.#5 -#.1 1.05 0.65 -0.05 0.$ -0.05
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.1318"
max
3.$
min
-#.1
max%rice
$#8
min %rice
833.1
<>
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF AIRTEL
6 # C N " E R 0 E F F I -" D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-# -6 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing
analysis of
$I6&+ stock
trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of $I6&+ stock can be got by subtracting
?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 $I6&+ stock consists
minimum value is :#.1 and maximum value \".7 and !ean is \A.1"1. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
<7
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Close Price BSE
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
61 60."5 61 58." 53.05 5#.65 55.#5 58.15 56.15 56.5 55 5".8 51.1 50.6 50.$ 5".75 53.05 5".1 53.75 53.85 56.# 56.65
Close Price)nse* 61 60.3 61." 58." 53.05 5#.7 55.#5 58.35 56.1 56.55 55.15 5".75 51."5 50.65 50.$ 5".75 53.1 5" 53.55 53.$5 56.# 56.5
difference 0 -0.05 -0." 0 0 -0.05 0 -0." 0.05 -0.05 -0.15 0.05 -0.15 -0.05 0 0 -0.05 0.1 0." -0.1 0 0.15
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.0""73
max
0."
min
-0."
max%rice
61."
min %rice
50.6
9A
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ESSAR
0.3 0." C N 0.1 E R 0 E F F I -0.1 D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-0." -0.3
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of +;;$6 stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of +;;$6 stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 +;;$6 stock consists minimum value is :A.2 and maximum value \A.2 and !ean is \A.A22. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
91
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE 53.55 56."5 57.05 6#.6 61.3 66.3 78.6 87.6 88.5 1"0.8 157.65 1$".35 "0#.35 187.3 176.8 17".85 1$#.#5 1$1." ""1.75 "00.1 "07.55 "#1.$5
Close Price NSE 53.6 56.35 57.1 6#.75 61.3 66."5 78."5 87.#5 88.5 1"".7 158.6 1$".8 "0#."5 187.8 177."5 173.1 1$#.55 1$1.15 ""1.65 "00.1 "07.35 "#".35
difference -0.05 -0.1 -0.05 -0.15 0 0.05 0.35 0.15 0 -1.$ -0.$5 -0.#5 0.1 -0.5 -0.#5 -0."5 -0.1 0.05 0.1 0 0." -0.#
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.1$773
max
0.35
min
-1.$
max%rice
"#".35
min %rice
53.55
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@?
92
GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ESSAR
0.5 0 C N -0.5 E R E -1 F F I -1.5 D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1 Series1
-" -".5 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of +;;$6 stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of +;;$6 stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 +;;$6 stock consists minimum value is :1.7 and maximum value \A."< and !ean is \A.178. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
9"
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE $$7.1 1!0"#.60 $85.$5 $66.05 $3$.7 $85.3 1!00$.30 1!066.#5 1!0$1.60 1!1$1.00 1!176."5 1!130.15 1!0$3.35 1!108.10 1!0$7.80 1!1##."5 1!107.$0 1!11#.00 1!156.00 1!"38.60 1!"1$.55 1!"#7.$0
Close Price)nse* $$$.5 1!0"7.00 $86.65 $65.85 $3$.65 $85."5 1!010.00 1!065.70 1!0$3.80 1!1$0.50 1!175.50 1!1"$.50 1!0$3.70 1!107.30 1!0$6.05 1!1#3.$0 1!107.$0 1!1"0.80 1!155.50 1!"35.$5 1!"18.05 1!"#6.35
difference -".# -".# -0.7 0." 0.05 0.05 -0.7 0.75 -"." 0.5 0.75 0.65 -0.35 0.8 1.75 0.35 0 -6.8 0.5 ".65 1.5 1.55
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.15$0$
max
".65
min
-6.8
max%rice
1"#7.$
min %rice
$3$.65
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@?
9#
GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ONGC
# " C N 0 E R E -" F F -# I D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-6 -8 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of @?' stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of @?' stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 @?' stock consists minimum value is :9.> and maximum value \2.9< and !ean is \A.1<7. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
9<
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE 1!330."0 1!366.10 1!"$$.05 1!300.75 1!"8$."5 1!"36.80 1!"38.75 1!17$.50 1!183.30 1!"35."5 1!"#0.80 1!"#5.65 1!"61.#0 1!""1.50 1!1$".55 1!1#$.55 1!1#5.85 1!18#."0 1!17".50 1!150.55 1!1#1."0 1!170.75
Close Price NSE 1!3"7.75 1!366."5 1!"$8.85 1!303.70 1!"$3."5 1!"36.70 1!"38.35 1!181.35 1!180.35 1!"35.65 1!"3$.00 1!"#5.30 1!"67.#0 1!""0.70 1!1$3.60 1!1#8.#0 1!1#".15 1!183.#0 1!17".70 1!150."5 1!137.30 1!167.55
difference ".#5 -0.15 0." -".$5 -# 0.1 0.# -1.85 ".$5 -0.# 1.8 0.35 -6 0.8 -1.05 1.15 3.7 0.8 -0." 0.3 3.$ 3."
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
0."5
max
3.$
min
-6
max%rice
1!366."5
min %rice
1!137.30
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@?
99
GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF ONGC
6 # C " N E 0 R E F -" F I D -#
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-6 -8 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of @?' stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of @?' stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 @?' stock consists minimum value is :9.A and maximum value \".7 and !ean is \A.2<. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
98
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE "06 "17 ""6.# "1#.#5 "0#.65 "17.7 "18.# """.# "17.5 ""6.8 "31."5 ""0.8 "08.5 "01.35 1$$.7 "17.35 ""1.3 ""3.15 ""8.75 "33."5 "33.$5 "3$.#
Close Price)nse* "06.5 "16.8 ""6.35 "1#.#5 "0#.$ "18.15 "1$.3 """.55 "17.65 ""7.# "31.5 ""0.#5 "08.35 "01.55 1$$.6 "18.8 """.15 """.55 ""8.$ "33."5 "3#."5 "38.$
difference -0.5 0." 0.05 0 -0."5 -0.#5 -0.$ -0.15 -0.15 -0.6 -0."5 0.35 0.15 -0." 0.1 -1.#5 -0.85 0.6 -0.15 0 -0.3 0.5
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
min
-1.#5
mean
-0.17857
max
0.6
max%rice
"3$.#
min %rice
1$$.6
9>
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF NTPC 1 0.5 C 0 N E R E -0.5 F F -1 I D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-1.5 -" S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of ?&%' stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of ?&%' stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 ?&%' stock consists minimum value is :1.#< and maximum value \A.9 and !ean is \A.18> &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent..
97
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE "3".05 "3#.75 "36.8 "3$.55 "#1 "#0.#5 "#1.35 "53.5 "7"."5 "77.3 "6$.# "6#.3 "65.6 "60.# "3$.5 ""7.55 "36.6 "38.6 "3#.$5 "30.$5 "31.7 "36.65
Close Price NSE "30.15 "3#.85 "37.05 "#0."5 "#0.75 "#0.1 "#1.15 "53.#5 "7".15 "77.55 "6$.# "6#.# "6#.$ "5$.85 "3$.# ""7.3 "36.75 "38.7 "35 "30.85 "31."5 "36.65
difference 1.$ -0.1 -0."5 -0.7 0."5 0.35 0." 0.05 0.1 -0."5 0 -0.1 0.7 0.55 0.1 0."5 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0.1 0.#5 0
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
0.15
max
1.$
min
-0.7
max%rice
"77.55
min %rice
""7.3
8A
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF NTPC
".5 " C 1.5 N E 1 R E F 0.5 F I 0 D
-0.5
Series1
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-1 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of ?&%' stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of ?&%' stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 ?&%' stock consists minimum value is :A.8 and maximum value \1.7 and !ean is \A.1<. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
81
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE 766.$ 8$".75 86".# 851.7 83$.1 865.6 8$".#5 $18.55 865.65 8$6.75 $18.55 8$6 8#3.55 81$." 80".85 86$.5 860.$ 868."5 $10.35 $10.5 $63.15 $#8.8
Close Price)nse* 766.8 8$".# 863.35 851.1 837.75 865.# 8$#.5 $18.75 866.85 8$7.$5 $1$.3 8$5.15 8#3.$ 818.35 80" 870." 861." 868.5 $11.#5 $11." $5$.15 $#$.#
difference 0.1 0.35 -0.$5 0.6 1.35 0." -".05 -0." -1." -1." -0.75 0.85 -0.35 0.85 0.85 -0.7 -0.3 -0."5 -1.1 -0.7 # -0.6
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.05#55
max
#
min
-".05
max%rice
$63.15
min %rice
766.8
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@?
82
GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION O F ARBITRAGE PRICING OF DLF
5 # 3
C N " E R E 1 F 0 F I D -1
Series1
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-" -3 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of D= stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of D= stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 D= stock consists minimum value is :2.A< and maximum value \#.A and !ean is \A.A<#<. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
8"
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE $"7.$5 $30.# $15.05 $"7.$ $"5." $11.$5 $13.$ 871." $05." $"6.7 $#5.$5 $36.55 $#7.85 $07.$ 870.5 8"".75 868.65 8$1.$ 8$7.$5 87$.5 881.85 $#3.$
Close Price NSE $3#.3 $31.15 $1#.5 $"7." $"7.$5 $10.1 $13." 871.15 $05.6 $"7.55 $#$.1 $37."5 $#8.1 $08.35 86$.55 8"0.15 868.5 8$".15 $00.#5 88" 880.65 $##.#
difference -6.35 -0.75 0.55 0.7 -".75 1.85 0.7 0.05 -0.# -0.85 -3.15 -0.7 -0."5 -0.#5 0.$5 ".6 0.15 -0."5 -".5 -".5 1." -0.5
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.575
max
".6
min
-6.35
max%rice
$#$.1
min %rice
8"0.15
8#
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF DLF
# " C N 0 E R -" E F F I -# D
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
Series1
-6 -8 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of D= stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of D= stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 D= stock consists minimum value is :9."< and maximum value \2.9 and !ean is :A.<8<. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date
Close Price BSE
Close Price)nse*
8<
difference
1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
##1 #38.6 ##".3 #33." #1".3 #"6.7 #"#.8 #30.8 #"$.$ #30.3 #30."5 #"0.15 #"1.85 #16.55 #15.6 #"5.6 #"$.1 #"$.75 #"5.15 #"".$5 #1#.85 #"7.05
##".1 #3$.05 ##".35 #33.1 #1".6 #"8.75 #"5.6 #31.6 #30.$ #"$.7 #30.6 #"0.15 #18.55 #16.#5 #15.35 #"5.7 #"8.75 #"8.5 #"6.05 #"3.3 #1#.7 #"6.15
-1.1 -0.#5 -0.05 0.1 -0.3 -".05 -0.8 -0.8 -1 0.6 -0.35 0 3.3 0.1 0."5 -0.1 0.35 1."5 -0.$ -0.35 0.15 0.$
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.0568"
max
3.3
min
-".05
max%rice
##".35
min %rice
#1".3
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@?
89
GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF RANBAXY
# 3 C N E R E F F I D
" 1
Series1
0 -1
1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-" -3 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of 6$?$UE stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of 6$?$UE stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 6$?$UE stock consists minimum value is :2.A< and maximum value \"." and !ean is \.A.A<9>. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
88
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE #35.85 #38.55 #36 #"$.#5 #"7." #30.$ #3" #"6 #"#.85 #"7.$ #"3.65 #11.7 #15.8 #13.85 3$8.6 3$3 3$".#5 3$8 3$#.6 38$.35 378.$5 387.15
Close Price NSE #35.5 #3$.05 #36."5 #"8.# #"8.1 #31.3 #3".75 #"6.15 #"#.$ #"8.1 #"#." #11.75 #15."5 #1#." 3$7.75 3$".5 3$".35 3$8.$5 3$#.1 388.65 377.6 385.75
difference 0.35 -0.5 -0."5 1.05 -0.$ -0.# -0.75 -0.15 -0.05 -0." -0.55 -0.05 0.55 -0.35 0.85 0.5 0.1 -0.$5 0.5 0.7 1.35 1.#
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
0.10""73
max
1.#
min
-0.$5
max%rice
#3$.05
min %rice
377.6
8>
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF RANBAXY
" 1.5 C 1 N E R 0.5 E R 0 F F I -0.5 D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-1
-1.5 S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of 6$?$UE stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of 6$?$UE stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 6$?$UE stock consists minimum value is :A.7< and maximum value \1.# and !ean is \A.1A2. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
87
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= @'&:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-ct 3-ct #-ct 5-ct 8-ct $-ct 10-ct 11-ct 1"-ct 15-ct 16-ct 17-ct 18-ct 1$-ct ""-ct "3-ct "#-ct "5-ct "6-ct "$-ct 30-ct 31-ct
Close Price BSE #53.$5 #70.65 #61.3 #61.15 #6$.65 #8$.3 503.15 #88.1 #86.#5 #$1.$ #86."5 #85.$ #$6.#5 500.55 #$#.6 #$"." #86.35 #$6.35 #$$.$5 50$.65 50$.7 50#.8
Close Price)nse* #5#."5 #70.# #6".05 #60.15 #6$.5 #8$ 503.3 #88 #86.8 #$"." #85.75 #88.3 #$3.8 #$$.$5 #$5."5 #$".55 #86.3 #$6.$ #$$.85 50$.85 510.65 507.15
difference -0.3 0."5 -0.75 1 0.15 0.3 -0.15 0.1 -0.35 -0.3 0.5 -".# ".65 0.6 -0.65 -0.35 0.05 -0.55 0.1 -0." -0.$5 -".35
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0.1636#
max
".65
min
-".#
max%rice
510.65
min %rice
#53.$5
>A
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF WIPRO
3 " C N 1 E R E 0 F F I -1 S D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-" -3
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of CI%6@ stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of CI%6@ stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of @'&:2AA8 CI%6@ stock consists minimum value is :2.# and maximum value \2.9< and !ean is \A.19". &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
>1
$6I&6$+ %6I'+ DI==+6+?'+ I&C++? ;+ $?D ?;+ =@6 &)+ !@?&) @= ?@V:A8
s.no
Date 1 " 3 # 5 6 7 8 $ 10 11 1" 13 1# 15 16 17 18 1$ "0 "1 ""
1-No' "-No' 5-No' 6-No' 7-No' 8-No' $-No' 1"-No' 13-No' 1#-No' 15-No' 16-No' 1$-No' "0-No' "1-No' ""-No' "3-No' "6-No' "7-No' "8-No' "$-No' 30-No'
Close Price BSE #$$.# #$".05 #8#.$5 #87.35 #77.35 #6$.7 #60 #57.#5 ##1.05 #71." #56.#5 #58.3 #57.# ##8.65 #36.55 #37.$5 ##".05 #5".7 #57.75 ##$.#5 #50.5 #60.3
Close Price NSE #$$.# #$1.8 #8#.75 #86.$ #77."5 #71.55 #5$.5 #56.# ##".15 #7".$5 #57." #60.85 #58.65 ##8.3 #36.75 #37.85 ##1.#5 #53.15 #57.8 ##$.75 ##8.1 #60.65
difference 0 0."5 0." 0.#5 0.1 -1.85 0.5 1.05 -1.1 -1.75 -0.75 -".55 -1."5 0.35 -0." 0.1 0.6 -0.#5 -0.05 -0.3 ".# -0.35
;(!!$6E @= ;&$&I;&I';
mean
-0."0$0$
max
".#
min
-".55
max%rice
#$$.#
min %rice
#36.55
>2
6$%)I'$ 6+%6+;+?&$&I@? GRPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRAGE PRICING OF WIPRO
3 "
C N E 1 R E 0 E F F I -1 D
Series1 1
3
5
7
$
11
13
15
17
1$
"1
-" -3
S.NO
&he above table and graph represents arbitrage pricing analysis of CI%6@ stock trading in ;+ and ?;+.)ere arbitrage price difference of CI%6@ stock can be got by subtracting ?;+ from ;+.In the month of ?@V:2AA8 CI%6@ stock consists minimum value is :2.<< and maximum value \2.# and !ean is \A.2A7. &he above differences can shows that there is no scope for arbitrage as profit exists below five percent.
CONCLUSIONS &he study shows that none of the studied ten scripts give any scope for arbitration. &he reason is explained below. &he scripts are studied for arbitration for a period of two months /@'&:A8 and ?@V:A80 >"
I'I'I stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 1A19 and rs 12<8, the difference in prices are rs 9.9< and rs >.8<.&he maximum difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. I'I'I prices in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs 11A" and rs 1""", the difference in prices are 1>.#< and 9.7<.&he difference is more than < percent, so beneficial for arbitration purposes. )D=' stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 1"<8 and rs 19<", the difference in prices are rs 1".7A and rs ".1<.and in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs 1#8< and rs 188A, the difference in prices are 1#.9< and #."A.&he difference is more than < percent, so beneficial for arbitration purposes. &'; stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 8<8 and rs >"A, the difference in prices are rs 8.9< and rs <.9A.and in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs 9>9 and rs 8<<, the difference in prices are #.>A and #.1A.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. $I6&+ prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 72> and rs 1128, the difference in prices are 1A.1< and <.1<.&he difference is more than < percent, so beneficial for arbitration purposes $I6&+ prices in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs >"" and rs 7#>, the difference in prices are #.1 and ".7.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes +;;$6 prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs <1 and rs 91, the difference in prices are A.2 and A.2. and in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs <# and rs 2#2, the difference in prices are 1.7 and A."<.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes
@?' stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 7"7 and rs 12#8, the difference in prices are rs 9.>A and rs 2.9< .&he maximum difference is less than # percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. @?' prices in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs 11#1 and rs 1"99, the difference in prices are 9.AA and ".7A.&he difference is less than 2 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes.
>#
?&%' prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 2AA and rs 2#A, the difference in prices are 1.#< and A.9.and in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs 228 and rs 28>, the difference in prices are A.8 and 1.7.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes D= prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs 898 and rs 79", the difference in prices are 2.A< and #.A.and in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs >2A and rs 7#7, the difference in prices are 9."< and 2.9.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes 6$?$UE stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs "87 and rs #"7, the difference in prices are rs A.7< and rs 1.#A.&he maximum difference is less than " percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. 6$?$UE prices in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs #1< and rs ##2, the difference in prices are 2.A< and "."A.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. CI%6@ stock prices in @ct:A8 are in the range of rs #<# and rs <11, the difference in prices are rs 2.9< and rs 2.#A.&he maximum difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes. CI%6@ prices in ?ov:A8 are in the range of rs #"9 and rs #77, the difference in prices are 2.<< and 2.#A.&he difference is less than 1 percent, so not beneficial for arbitration purposes.
><
