:!e stone "ree rate o" 1cm renal stone treated by E)7 is -39 a- 44; b- ,; c- *; d- ess t!an 50; :bsolut contraindication "or E)7 includs all t!e "ollo#ing exce%t -40 a- Coagulo%at!y b- Pregnancy c- Previous %yelolit!otomy d- UP< obstruction :PCN is %re"erred to E)7 #!en -41 a: n u%%er calyx stone is %resent b: )tone o" * cm or more c: UP< stone d: U%%er ureteral stone ccording to EU guidelines in t!e management o" ureteral stone in -42 : %regnancy a: E)7 and PCN relatively are contraindicated b: PCN could be %er"ormed in t!e t!ird trimester c: Ureterosco%y can be used by an ex%ert endosco%ist d: Ureterolit!oyomy is indicated in all cases
:!e treatment o" c!oice "or distal ureteral obstructing stone is . -43 a: .:< stent b: Ureterosco%ic lit!otri%sy c: E)7 d: Ureterolit!otomy !e most accurate imaging modality to demonstrate a t!rombus in -44 :t!e in"erior vena cava associated #it! renal carcinoma is a- bdominal ultrasound b- ngiogra%!y c- C d- M(/
!e res%onse rate to interleu'in-2 monot!era%y in metastatic renal -45 :cell carcinoma is % a- 5 % b- 10 % c- 14 % d- 25 ,4 year old #oman #it! !istory o" seiure disorder %resents #it! -46 gross !ematuria C s!o#s a !uge le"t %erine%!ric !ematoma associated :#it! 4 cm renal angiomyoli%oma t!e best immediate management is a- )elective emboliation b- Ne%!rectomy c- 3bservation d- Partial ne%!rectomy and evacuation o" !ematoma 7!ic! environmental "actor is most generally acce%ted as a ris' -47 :"actor "or renal cell carcinoma a- (adiation t!era%y b- Nonsteroidal anti-in"lamatories c- obacco use d- 8ig!-"at diet
:7!at is t!e most common "orm o" renal sarcoma -48 a- i%osarcoma b- (abdomyosarcoma c- ngiosarcoma d- eiomyosarcoma :!e location o" t!e gene involved in 7ilms tumor is on -49 a: C!romosome b: C!romosome 2 c: C!romosome 11 d: C!romosome 10 :!e most common benign tumor associated #it! !y%ertension is -50 a: ngi%myoli%oma . b: P!eoc!romocytoma .c: 3ncocytoma
d: Com%licated cyst
!e maor disadvantage o" %artial ne%!rectomy com%ared #it! -51 :radical ne%!rectomy "or localied carcinoma is t!e increased ris' o" a- umor recurrence in t!e remnant 'idney b- Posto%erative distant metastasis c- Perio%erative !emorr!age d- (ecurrence in %eri%!eral lym%! nodes 3ne o" t!e "ollo#ig is considered as a %remalignant or subse&uent o" -52 : bladder cancer a- 3veractive aty%ia b- /nverted %a%illoma c- Malaco%la'ia d- Ne%!rogenic adenoma U%on t!e 783 classi"ication lo# grade urot!elial carcinoma is t!e -53 : same as a- Urot!elial %a%iloma b- 9rade 1 CC c- 9rade 2 CC d- 9rade * CC
:7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing is true regarding urac!al carcinoma -54 a- /t is usually transitional cell carcinoma b- /t is best treated by %artial cystectomy c- /t res%onds #ell to radiot!era%y d- /t is usually adenocarcinoma 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements is true regarding bladder cancer -55 :metastases a- !ey rarely develo% be"ore muscularis %ro%ria invasion occurs b- !ey involve %rimarily %erivesical nodes c- !ey involve %rimarily t!e liver d- !ey never a%%earin bone 7!en a transuret!ral resection o" bladder tumor demonstrates !ig! -56 :grade 1 disease a- !e "inding is o"ten an overstaging error b- .etrusor %er"oration occurs more "re&uently
c- not!er U( is a%%ro%riate in t!e absence o" muscularis %ro%ria d- Urine cytology #ill generally demonstrate aty%ia
:/mmediate intravesical c!emot!era%y a"ter U( is associated #it! -57 a- .ecreases in tumor recurrence during an intermediate "ollo# u% b- decrease in t!e %rogression rate o" !ig! grade tumor c- Pancyto%enia o" s!ort duration d- decrease o" occurence o" carcinoma in situ /ntravesical BC9 is indicated in t!e treatment o" all t!e "ollo#ing -58 :conditions exce%t .a: Bladder carcinoma in situ . b: Multi%le su%er"icial bladder tumors .c: o %revent tumor recurrence .d: Muscles invassive transitional carcinoma ntimycobacterial t!era%y is necessary during BC9 treatment i" a -59 : %atient demonstrates #!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing sym%toms a- ny tem%erature !ig!er t!an *4:5 b- .ysuria #it! microsco%ic !ematuria c- rt!ralgia and !edac!e d- em%erature !ig!er t!an *4:5 more t!an ,4 !ours 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements is true regarding radical -60 :cystectomy a- /t results in disease-"ree survival rates t!at decline #it! increasing stage o" disease b- /t is best "or %atients #it! local nodal disease c- /t %roduces overall survival rates more t!an bladder s%aring %rotocols % d- /t results in bo#el obstruction in more t!an 20 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements is true regarding aduvant -61 :c!emot!era%y a"ter radical cystectomy a- /t im%roves disease s%eci"ic outcome in %atients #it! 2 disease b- /t is most a%%ro%riate "or %atients #it! less t!an 2 disease c- /t is better tolerated t!an neoaduvant c!emot!era%y d- none o" t!e above !e most c!aracteristic clinico%at!ological "eature in nonbil!arial -62 :s&uamous cell carcinoma is
a: Usually multi%le bladder tumors b: 8ig! recurrence rate c: Most tumors are su%er"icial d: o# incidence o" distant metastasis
:!e treatment o" c!oice "or ureteric carcinoma is -63 .a: (adiot!era%y . b: )egmental resection #it! end to end anastomosis .c: rans-ureterosco%ic resection o" t!e tumor .d: Ne%!roureterectomy #it! bladder cu"" resection 7!en !ig! grade P/N is "ound by %rostatic bio%sy t!e %robability to -64 :"ind carcinoma in subse&uent bio%sies is % a- 5 % b- 10 % c- *0 % d- 50
:!e most use"ul "irst-line test "or diagnosis o" %rostate cancer is -65 a- .igital rectal examination b- P) assay c- ransrectal ultrasound d- Combination o" .(E and P) 7!at %ercentage o" stage 1 cancers are located in t!e transition -66 one % a- 5 % b- 15 % c- 20 % d- *0
:7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements regarding P) is true . -67 a: /t is a glyco%rotein t!at coagulates t!e eaculate b: P) level is %ro%ortional to t!e volume o" t!e cancer c: /t is not organ s%eci"ic d: /t is not increased in acute %rostatitis 4 year old man %resents #it! obstructive sym%toms P( reveals a -68 stony (t lobe P) #as 142 bio%sy by guided UA) con"irmed a 9leason :,5 carcinoma t!e best treatment "or t!is %atient is a: Brac!iotera%y
7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements concerning early !ormonal -69 :t!era%y is true a- /t s!ould be routinely a%%lied to men #it! a rising P) value b- /t !as not been s!o#n tobe advantageous in men #it! rising P) c- /t is not use"ul in conunction #it! radiot!era%y o" * disease d- /t is t!e treatment o" c!oice in noncurable cases
:ntiandrogens may be use"ul as monot!era%y "or #!at reason -70 a- !ey %roduce castration levels o" testicular and adrenal androgens b- !ey !ave been s!o#n to be e&ually e""ective as castration c- !ey !ave more "avorable %ro"ile o" side e""ects during long-term t!era%y d- !ey %reserve %otency 8(8 agonist de%ots !ave become standard treatment o" advanced -71 : %rostete cancer because o" a- !ey avoid t!e mutilating e""ect o" castration b- !ey are easy to a%%ly c- !ey #ere s!o#n to be su%erior to castration d- !ey !ave more "avorable %ro"ile o" side e""ects t!an castration ll t!e "ollo#ing statements about retro%eritoneal "ibrosis are true -72 :exce%t a: eads to !ydrone%!rosis and varying degrees o" renal "ailure b: rterial obstruction is "re&uently seen c: Medial deviation o" t!e ureter .d: 9astrointestinal sym%toms are common
:!e most common cause o" retro%eritoneal "ibrosis is -73 a- /dio%at!ic b- Met!ysergide c- ortic aneurysma re%air d- ym%!oma
Elevated al%!a %!eto%rotein levels can be "ound in all o" t!e -74 :"ollo#ing exce%t a: Embryonal cell carcinoma b: eratocarcinoma c: Pure seminoma d: Fol' sac 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing regarding testicular carcinoma in situ is -75 :correct a: !e lesion is usually %al%able b: /ncreased incidence #it! age c: certain incidence can be made by ultrasound d: /t is most "re&uent among %atients #it! gonadal dysgenesia young adult man %resents #it! a (t testicular mass a"ter !aving -76 bilateral orc!ido%exy as a c!ild: "ter (t orc!idectomy and t testicular bio%sy !e #as "ound to !ave (t embryonal carcinoma #it! vascular invasion and t intratubular neo%lasia: C) #as normal: !e a%%ro%riate :management o" t!is %atient is a- t orc!idectomy and 2 cycles o" BEP c!emot!era%y b- , cycles o" c!emot!era%y c- t radical orc!idectomy and survival %rotocol d- Modi"ied (t side retro%eritoneal lym%!adenectomy young adult man %resents #it! a 5 cm le"t testicular tumor -77 elevated +P G140ngAmlH %at!ology study a"ter radical orc!idectomy revealed an ana%lastic seminoma #it! vascular invasion: +P #as normal * #ee's a"ter t!e orc!idectomy: +urt!er management o" t!is %atient :s!ould include #!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing a- duvant cis%latin-based c!emot!era%y b- (etro%eritoneal external beam radiot!era%y c- Bilateral retro%eritoneal lym%!adenectomy #it! aduvant radiation d- Bilateral retro%eritoneal llm%!adenectomy Management o%tions "or clinical stage 1 seminoma a"ter radical -78 :inguinal orc!idectomy include all t!e "ollo#ing exce%t a- )urvillance %rotocol b- duvant radiot!era%y c- (etro%eritoneal lym%!adenectomy d- 2 cycles o" c!emot!era%y
!e most common bacterial cause o" xantogranulomatous -80 : %yelone%!ritis is a- E: Coli b- Pseudomonas c- Proteous mirabilis d- )ta%!ylococcus Nytro"urantoin %ro%!ylaxis is e""ective because o" t!e concentration -81 ;o" t!e drug in a- Urine b- Bladder c- )erum d- >agina
:!e drug t!oug!t to be sa"e in any %!ase o" %regnancy is -82 a- Nitro"urantoin b- )ul"onamide c- Penicillin d- Iuinolones 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements is true regarding . -83 :xantogranulomatous %yelone%!ritis a: /ncision and drainage is usually curative b: !e diagnosis can be made by C scan c: /t is %recancerous lesion d: bout one t!ird o" %atients %resent #it! negative culture
:!e greatest obstacle in t!e treatment o" %erine%!ric abscess is t!e -84 a: /nability to obtain %ositive cultures b: Presence o" comorbid diseases in many %atients c: .elay in diagnosis due to nons%eci"ic sym%toms d: Poor cure rate #it! %ercutaneous drainage
!e !ig! mortality rate associated #it! %erine%!ric abscess is -85 : %rimarily attributed to a- Bacterial !emolysis b- .iabetes mellitus c- .elay in diagnosis d- /na%%ro%riate antimicrobial t!era%y
!e most common etiologic organism in em%!ysematous : %yelone%!ritis is a: Pseudomonas mirabilis b: E: coli c: =lebsiella d: Proteus
-86
!e most common cause o" unresolved bacteriuria during -87 :antimicrobial t!era%y is a- .evelo%ment o" bacterial resistance b- (a%id rein"ection c- Presence o" aotemia d- /nitial bacterial resistance
:!e most reliable early clinical indicator o" se%ticemia is -88 a- C!ills b- +ever c- 8y%erventilation d- C!ange in mental status ll t!e "ollo#ing "eatures o" urinary tuberculosis can be seen on />P -89 :exce%t a- >esicoureteral re"lux b- /n"undibular stenosis c- Ureteral stricture d- (enal calci"ications
!e syndrome o" interstitial cystitis is de"ined by all t!e "ollo#ing -92 :exce%t a: C!aracteristic !istological "indings b: )terile urine c: Negative cytology d: C!aracteristic cystosco%ic "indings !ere is a direct relations!i% bet#een /.) and all o" t!e "ollo#ing -93 :malignancies exce%t a: =a%osi sarcoma b: esticular cancer c: B: cell lym%!oma d: Non-8odg'ins lym%!oma
:Bacterial %rostatitis is usually caused by -94 a: 8ematogenous in"ection b: ym%!atic in"ection c: 9ram %ositive organisms d: single gram negative %at!ogen :C!ronic bacterial %rostatitis is best diagnosed by -95 a: 8istological examination b: 8istory and %!ysical examination c: )egmented urine and %rostatic "luid cultures .d: Cystosco%y /n t!e absence o" neurlogic disease unin!ibited contractions are : -6 $re"erred to as a: .etrusor instability b: .etrusor !y%erre"lexia c: /nvoluntary bladder contraction :d: .etrusor-s%!incter dyssynergia
"ter an acute toxic event suc! as a "ebrile illness !o# long #ould -6 $you ex%ect s%erm count to be de%ressed a- 1 #ee' b- * #ee's c- * mont!s d- mont!s
8ormonal evaluation o" an in"ertile man #it! s%erm count o" 5 milAml -64 $s!ould include assaays o" testosterone and a- Prolactine b- +)8 c- +)8 and 8 d- 8 $Patients #it! cystic "ibrosis !ave in"ertility caused by -66
a- /mmotile s%erm b- >asal obstruction c- bsence o" t!e vas d- 8y%ogonadism $+ructose is secreted by -100
a- Prostate b- )eminal vesicles c- estis d- E%ididymis $ll t!e "ollo#ing are a cause o" aoos%ermia exce%t -101 :a: >aricocele : Primary testicular "ailure b: :c: )ertoli cell syndrome only :d: =line"elter syndrome
;te association o" im%otence #it! %eyronie disease -102 a: 3ccure in 15; o" %atients and is %syc!ogenic b: /t is a result o" veno-occlusive dys"unction c: /t is a result o" concomitant vascular disease d: /t is best evaluated by %!armacocavernosometry :/n %ria%ism tissue isc!emia begins a"ter -103 a: 2 !ours b: , !ours
c: !ours d: 10 !ours
:reatment o" %ria%ism more t!an * !ours re&uires -104 a: s%iration o" blood b: s%iration and irrigation #it! saline c: /nection o" an al%!a agonist d: )!unting %rocedure
:ll t!e "ollo#ing can be a cause o" %ria%ism exce%t -105 a: Peri%!eral vascular disease . b: cute leu'emia .c: /ntracavernous inections o" vasoactive drugs .d: 8emodialysis /t is advisable in a man #it! BP8 and slig!tly elevated creatinine -106 :level to %er"orm a- U(-P b- (U) c- (enal UA) d- Urodynamic study
:!e absolute indication "or U(-P is -107 a- )evere obstructive sym%toms b- *00 cc P>( c- )ingle e%isode o" urinary retention d- 9ross !ematuria secondary to BP8 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements regarding to transuret!ral -108 : %rostate incision is true a- /t is a%%ro%riate "or large %rostate b- /t !as no com%lications c- /t causes retrograde eaculation in *; o" cases d- /t commonly results in U( syndrom
:7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing is a %otential side e""ect o" al%!a-bloc'ers -109 a: 8y%ertension b: 3rt!ostatic !y%otension c: (uning nose .d: ension !edac'e
7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing regarding t!e evaluation o" %atients #it! -111 :BP8 is "alse a: Uro"lo#metry is a use"ul measurement o" urinary stream b: Urinary tract in"ection s!ould be ruled out c: P) test s!ould be done d: Cystosco%y is mandatory "or all %atients #it! BP8 $!e 5 al"a-(eductase enyme -112
a: Converts testosterone to de!ydrotestosterone b: Converts ,0; o" t!e testosterone to .8 c: Exists as 5 iso"orms eac! "ncoded by se%arate gene d: Presents %redominantly in t!e !uman %rostate 7!ic! o" t!e "ollo#ing statements concerning %ost obstructive -113 :diuresis is "alse a: /t is rare and occurs a"ter release o" bilateral ureteral obstruction or solitary obstructed 'idney b: .uresis results "rom im%aired sodium reabsor%tion im%aired urine .concentrating ability and solute duresis due to retained urea c: Parenteral "luid re%lacement t!era%y #it! NA) at 100; o" urine out%ut is re&uired d: Usually %ostobstructive diuresis is mild sel"-limiting and %!ysiologic #it! excretion o" retained sodium and #ater ll t!e "ollo#ing are used in t!e conservative treatment o" stress -11, $incontinence Exce%t a: P!ysiot!era%yABio"eedbac' b: >aginal electrostimulation c: ntic!olenergic agents d: ricyclic %syc!omotor drugs
2 year old man 'no#n to !ave BP8 and .:M %resents #it! -115 $urinary incontinence most a%%ro%riate cause on !is condition is a- .iadetic neuro%at!ic bladder b- 3ver-"lo# incontinence c- )econdary urinary in"ection d- ssociated bladder tumor
*2 year old "emale %resents #it! total urinary incontinence since * -11 mont!s a"ter traumatic delevary: 7!at is t!e modality o" c!oice to $evaluate !er in order to diagnose t!e cause o" incontinence a- Pelvic C b- Urodynamic study c- Cystosco%y d- Cystouret!rogra%!y 7!en s!ould an in"ant #it! ambigous genitalia undergo testing "or -11 $congenital adrenal !y%er%lasia a- t t!e "irst #ell-c!ild visit b- Be"or disc!arge "rom t!e ne#born nursery c- t #ee's o" age d- t 12 #ee's o" age $(enal scaring in t!e %resence o" re"lux li'ely involves -114
