CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. OF JUDICIAL REVIEW REVIEW ON ADMINISTRAT ADMINISTRATIVE IVE ACTION ACTION IN SRI HISTORY OF LANKA. APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL JUDICIAL REVIEW ON EXTENSIONS OF THE APPLICATION ADMINISTRATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION. ACTION.
JUDICIAL REVIEW REVIEW ON ADMINISTRAT ADMINISTRATIVE IVE ON ACTION ACTION IN ANOTHER ANOTHER JURISDICTION.
DE MERIT OR OR BARRIERS WHICH LASTING ON THE APPLICATION APPLICATION OF JUDICIAL REVIEW REVIEW OF ADMINISTRAT ADMINISTRATIVE IVE ACTION IN SRI LANKA.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. RECOMMENDATION.
INTRODUCTION. In general sense, just and fair administrative action is needed in every aspects of people’s ordinary day to day activities. Te cardinal penomena roots over te administrative action is !ased on cele!rated "ell #no"n principle as $u!lic Trust Doctrine. %ccording to te &'() constitution people are sovereign & and tose po"er can e*ercise !y government organs. + Terefore from a!ove footing, te people can to !e considered as !eneficiary, administrative !odies as trustee and te constitution as trust document. Tere!y administrative !odies upon e*ercise of its po"er must !e in !enefit, just and fair manner to"ards people. In tis conte*t !y tis paper autor analyed tat, in one and tere ave !een significant developments recently in te field of judicial revie" on administrative action in -ri an#a, on te oter and te coregent development are suppressed !y primfacie defect upolding in te arena of rule of la" and contemporary judicial precedent "ic is spelt out from legal pronouncement. In tis sense demarcation of te %dministrative a" is essential. In one e*tent it is encompasses la" relating administrative matter and anoter e*tent postulates te control of te governmental po"er./ In tis "ay rule of la" on face of recode elucidates of every tings must !e done accordance "it la". Terefore in anoter "ay around it refers te esta!lisment of limited form of te government. 0 Te similar result can to !e o!served upon te 1udicial Revie" on %dministrative %ction2revie" te action3 "en it spontaneously "or# troug in eiter form of effectiveness and progress manner. Tere !y it interconnects te %dministrative a" and Rule of la".4 Te action2commission5omission3 of te administrative !ody5e*ecutive !ody "en itself su!ject to te revie" !y judiciary can !e called as judicial revie" of administrative action.6 1 %rticle / of te &'() constitution 7 In te Repu!lic of -ri an#a sovereignty is in te people and is aliena!le. -overeignty includes te po"ers of government, fundamental rigts and te francise. 2
%rticle 0 of te &'() constitution 7 te sovereignty of te people sall !e e*ercised and enjoyed in te follo"ing mannerTe legislative po"er of te people sall !e e*ercised !y parliament, consisting of elected of representatives representatives of te people and !y te people at a Referendum. 2!3 Te e*ecutive po"er of te $eople, including te defence of -ri an#a, sall !e e*ercised !y te $resident of Repu!lic elected !y te people. 2c3 Te judicial po"er of te people sall !e e*ercised !y parliament troug courts, tri!unals and institution created and esta!lised !y la" e*cept in regard to matters relating to te privileges, immunities and po"ers of parliament and of it mem!ers , "ere in te judicial po"er of people may !e e*ercised directly !y $arliament according to la".
3 8.9.R 9ade and :orsyt, %dministrative a", 2&; t ed3 O*ford University $ress. 4 A.V Diecy in ‘The Law of The Constitution’. 5Per Lord o!"ann in R2%lcon!ury Developments td3 v -ecretary of state for te
Noneteless "en trace !ac# te reason "y tis revie"ing te action inserted in te scope la" tat, tis principle spontaneously produce te rule of la", protect te people from a!use of po"er and prescri!es te manner on administrative action.
8I-TOR= O: 1UDICI% R<>I<9 O: T8< %D?INI-TR%TI>< %CTION IN -RI %N@%. In -ri an#a no e*press provision dealing tat judiciary as te po"er to judicial revie" on administrative action. Neverteless it come to #no" from "ic autority aving te po"er to issuing "rit and redress for fundamental rigts. Aecause "rit and fundamental rigts is !asic factors for see#ing judicial revie" on administrative action. In tis regard according to te istory Ceylon carter,( Ceylon Carter of justice in &)// and section 06 of court ordinance empo"ered te -upreme Court to issue "rits. Noneteless according to &'() constitution "rit jurisdiction empo"ered to Court of appeal ) and $rovincial 8ig Court ' and fundamental rigts jurisdiction vested "it -upreme Court. &; Despite in early period "rit "as granted according to te L= 121.
In te ligt of contemporaneous approac in respect judicial revie" on administrative action sall not restricted in some factors or eads. &+ If it is appened protection of te citien against te a!use is o!vious one. 8o"ever it is evident from te istory tat in early period judicial revie" on administrative action limited in reliance of ortodo* grounds. It is meant tat "en any administrative action !rougt !efore te court on tis circumstances te judiciary "illing revie" te action upon te fulfillment of tose ground only not in "ider sense . -uc grounds are ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
Ultra vires Un reasona!leness $roportionality Irrationality
UTR% >IR<- . Ultra vires is te so long ground "ic is !eing entertained upon te revie"ing te action as traditional ground&/, !ased on juristic !asis and central principal of administrative la".&0 Te simple preposition a!out te ground tat "en administrative !odies e*ercise te po"er in e*cess or e*ercise te po"er "itout jurisdiction suc act is su!jected to revie" and declare null and void. Terefore it consider te intention of te legislature &4 and control discretionary po"er. In line "it te matter in -ri an#an judiciary spelt many sound out comes of pronouncement in relied "it ultra vires.&6 UN R<%-ON%A
15 Cha"i%a Tha%a'a%a& The Doctrine of @%tra Vires and $udicia% =e(iew of Ad"inistrati(e Action& ar Association $ourna% of /ri Lan?a& Vo%. EV& 2,11 1#Fota?adeniya V Fodituwa??u 2,,,728 /L= 1*5& Ba%ter Leo ( The Land Co""issioner 71-558 5* >L= 1*
$RO$ORTION%IT=. It migt fitly refera!le tat proportionality is a latest ground and dealing "it decree of proportionate "it imposing administrative action and pu!lic rigts and interest. &) "en it e*ceed suc act is void. Terefore tis principle "ould !e an effective to e*amine of action ta#en !y te e*ecutive and ensuring suc act sould !e proportionate and aderence to necessary to individual’s interests.&' In -ri an#a tis approac availed in Ur!an Development %utority +; and oter cases+&. Tis ground is summed up in prase not ta#ing sledge ammer to crac# a nut .++ I
1* Associated Pro(incia% Picture ouses Ltd. ( Bednes0ury Cor+orationG1-4H 1 F 223 1 .A arnett and I. Dia"antides& Pu0%ic Law /tudy uide&7London6 @ni(ersity f London Press)2,,4 8&+.22* 1- =. Tho"as& Le'iti"ate 9+ectation and Pro+ortiona%ity& 7ford6 art +u0%ishin') 2,,,8& +.** 2, /.C..=. A++%ication >o.4*J2,,4 21 Pre"arathne V @C 71--383 /L= 3-5& Ca%dera V @ni(ersity of Peradeniya 7C.A Brit >o. 5*2J2,,48& >iedra ernado V Cey%on Tourist oard and thers 72,,282 /L= #22 Lord Di+%oc? in = V o%dsi"ith 71-38 1 BL= 151 at 155 23 Counci% of Ci(i% /er(ice @nions ( Iinister for the Ci(i% /er(ice G1-3H @FL # 24 PadK%ed V Iinister of A'ricu%ture & isheries and food 71-#8 *1# 25 Christo+her orsyth& $udicia% =e(iew and the constitution & 7art Pu0%ishin') 2,,,8& +. 2*
Noneteless pertaining to unreasona!leness only considers relevant5irrelevant consideration rater tan consideration upon te merit of te decision and not e*austive ground for revie".+6 Despite te proportionality failed "itin conte*t controlling discretionary po"er. +( In tis sense all ortodo* grounds are !eing defect in case of protection of te individual rigts against esta!lisment of national mega development. +) Te ortodo* grounds on itself restricted particular fulfillment of reEuirements "itin its four corners and not reflect no any rigts !ased approac.
<TI<9 ON %D?INI-TR%TI>< %CTION. On te !asis of a!ove reasoning te revie"ing te action restricted !y parameters "ic are laid do"n in te ortodo* grounds. Toug tis sort outs ave !een de!ated struggle point on tis application. Tus in order to eradicate tose !arriers te judiciary restore te tools as judicial activism and judicial development. Te judicial activism remar#s tat te la" "ant to !e survived it sould !e complied "it contemporaneous approac. Terefore te judiciary not only relied on te oldest approac tey li!eralied itself and incorporates te fair and justicia!le principle in to teir approac and judge not relied on te statutes tey a"arded te decision in just and eEuita!le manner 2judge made la"3.It turn to !e focused on te judicial development tat it removed te detract on la" and proper apply of sustaina!le, procedural la" in suita!le for current position. It is "ell evident tat in -ri an#a e*tensions of revie" as !een ta#en placed in 8eater ?undy > Centre ?inister of 8ealt/; and Ur!an Development %utority/& cases.
2#+er Lord /car"an :in = V /ecretary of /tate for the 9n(iron"ent& e.+ .>ottin'ha"shire Country Counci%)71-#8A.C.24,. 2* @AT @dayan'anie& Artic%e on 9nsurin' ood Ad"inistration throu'h the de(e%o+"ent of udicia% re(iew in /ri Lan?a +)15 +ara 5 2 0id +)13 +ara 4 2- /C A++ea% 5J2,,3& CA A++%ication #J2,,2 3, C.A 33#J 2,12 7writ8 31 /u+ra note 2,
<T 1ayaratne. /( Neverteless in tis case e*tension of revie" made on te !asis of recognied natural justice and pronounced tat "en natural justice !reaced suc act is su!jected to revie". It is important to notice tat in tis case te rigt !ased approac "as analyed and revie" !asis e*tended. It is meant tat in -ri an#a in no any provision of statutes or constitution e*pressly refers te rigt !ased approac. 8o"ever "ile read "it %rticle &0;, /) &(,/' &+6 2/30; and &+6203 0& of &'() constitution te rigt !ased approac can !e gatered. Te plain meaning of te rigt !ased approac indicates tat revie" te action in line "it rigts. Tere!y %rticle &0; denotes tat court of appeal sall ave "rit jurisdiction. -o "rit is te 32 Artic%e 12 718 of 1-* of constitution) A%% +ersons are eua% 0efore the %aw and are entit%ed to the eua% +rotection of the %aw
33 Per Beera"antry in un'ary V /%o(o?ia) C$ L -2 71--*8 34 /u+ra note 3 35 /u+ra note 4 3# Iarsha% & >atura% $ustice; $ac?son& >atura% $ustice 72 nd edition8; %ic? >atura% $ustice72nd edition8 3* 71-518 AC ## 3 /u+ra note
general remedy cast upon te revie" te action. Ay com!ining %rticle &( ,&+62/3 and &+6 203 spea#s a!out, te supreme court as te jurisdiction to determined fundamental rigts violation, upon "rit sued "en fundamental rigts issues arises it sould !e and over to supreme court and it sould !e decided in just and eEuita!le manner. Tus upon te codification of aforesaid matter te revie" can !e made on te rigt !ased approac. It is "itnessed from -aleem ?asroof 1 denotation 0+ tat te rigt !ased approac follo"ed in several case "ic "as esta!lised !y ?undy case. In some cases tis rigt !ased approac e*tended "it natural justice in Dissanay#e > @aleel 0/ and Raja#aruna > University of Runa.00 <TN-ION A= TOA%CCO C%-<. Tis case is te !est e*ample o" far -ri an#an judiciary e*tent te revie" te action !y incorporated te international convention, applied li!eral interpretation and uneEuivocal role !y judicial activism. Aefore tis case te judicial revie" on administrative action only relied on te !asis of municipal la"2statutes interpretation3. $etitioner of tis case sougt te remedy !ased on te ground of unreasona!le and disproportionate. 8o"ever %nil Booneratne 1 granted te verdict !y follo"ing e*tension on revie" te action tat, administrative action 2Regulation made !y 8ealt ?inisterG including );H pictorial "arning 3 not only revie" !ased on te statutes "ere it derived te po"er, in tis occasion it sould !e revie"ed aderence to te
3- Artic%e 1* of the 1-* constitution) 9(ery +erson sha%% 0e entit%ed to a++%y to the /u+re"e Court& as +ro(ided 0y Artic%e 12#& in res+ect of the infrin'e"ent or i""inent infrin'e"ent& 0y eecuti(e or ad"inistrati(e action& of a funda"enta% ri'ht to which such +erson is entit%ed under the +ro(isions of this Cha+ter. 4, Artic%e 12# 738 of the constitution) Bhere in the course of hearin' in the Court of A++ea% into an a++%ication for orders in the nature of a writ of ha0eas cor+us& certiorari& +rohi0ition& +rocedendo& "anda"us or uo warranto& it a++ears to such Court that there is +ri"a facie e(idence of an infrin'e"ent or i""inent infrin'e"ent of the +ro(isions of Cha+ter or Cha+ter V 0y a +arty to such a++%ication& such Court sha%% forthwith refer such "atter for deter"ination 0y the /u+re"e Court .
41 Artic%e 12#748 of the constitution) The /u+re"e Court sha%% ha(e +ower to 'rant such re%ief or "a?e such directions as it "ay dee" ust and euita0%e in the circu"stance in res+ect of any +etition or reference referred to in +ara'ra+hs 728 and 738 of this Artic%e or refer the "atter 0ac? to the Court of A++ea% if in its o+inion there is no infrin'e"ent of a funda"ent ri'ht or %an'ua'e ri'ht. 42 on. $ustice /a%ee" Iarsoof& MThe /+andin' Can(as of $udicia% =e(iewN& The ar Association Law $ourna%&7ar Association of /ri Lan?a)2,,58&Vo%.E&+.1 43 71--38& 2 /L= 135 44 Court of A++ea% Iinutes of 1- th $u%y 2,,4
international covenants and instruments, applied and interpreted te statutes in li!eral "ay 2legi!le printing includingGpictorial "arning too3. Terefore it can !e e*pressed tat tis case "as te turning point "ere -ri an#an judiciary started te journey in revie" te action not only line "it municipal statute !ut also international la" "ic is complied article +(2&43 of &'() constitution.04 <TIRON? URA%N D<><O$? Iddamalgoda OIC. 06 On te oter and in tis case also e*pansion of ocus standi occurred on te !asis of Euestion of5sufficient interest tat resulted on e*tension on revie"ing te action. Terefore it pointed out tat "oever aving in te interest in case of pu!lic can file te case. 0( Tere!y in tis case NBO2petitioner3 accepted tat "o ad interest over te pu!lic.. <*tension of te ocus standi automatically transferred to te concept called $u!lic Interest itigation. 8ence it indicates tat upon te "elfare of te pu!lic "en it mingled "it interest, "ereas it as !reaced or it is going to !reaced upon te interest of pu!lic any one can sue. Tus in tis case revie" te administrative action admitted te pu!lic interest litigation. In -ri an#a mostly pu!lic interest litigation filed in te name of environmental issues.0) In tis case upon te revie" te action $u!lic Trust Doctrine also played te major role. In fact !y tis case te e*pansion of locus standi interconnected te $u!lic Trust Doctrine and $u!lic Interest litigation. Terefore revie" te action stand on o"n leg in ne" dimension. In addition in tis case revie" te action rooted in a "ay of constitutional revie" upon te restriction over relative rigts under article &0 2a3 of &'() constitution as freedom of e*pression. Te court in tis case e*posed tat "en restriction to te relative rigts placed in un reasona!le and disproportionate suc act is su!jected to revie" and declare null and void. 45Artic%e 2* 7158 of 1-* constitution) The /tate sha%% +ro"ote internationa% +eace& security and co)o+eration& and the esta0%ish"ent of a ust and euita0%e internationa% econo"ic and socia% order& and sha%% endea(our to foster res+ect for internationa% %aw and treaty o0%i'ations in dea%in's a"on' nations. 4# /C >o 4*1J2,,, 7=8 4* Pre"adasa V Biewardana and thers) 71--181 /L= 333 4 Vasude(a >anaya??ara V >.F Cho?sy and 3, thers)7/C. G=H 2,-J2,,*& /u+re"e Court Iinutes 21 st $u%y 2,,8& /u'ath+a%a Iendis and thers V Fu"aratun'e and thers :7/C. G=H 352J2,,*& /u+re"e Court Iinutes th cto0er 2,,8& u%an?u%a"a V /ecretary& Iinister of ndustria% De(o%+"ent) 7G2,,,H 3 /L= 2438
%NOT8I<9 ON %D?INI-TR%TI>< %CTION . egitimate e*pectation is anoter e*pansion on revie" te action. egitimate e*pectation refers tat a reasona!le anticipation over te administrative action "en suc anticipation is violated2commission5omission3 suc action is su!jected to revie" te action. In early period te court not "illing to recognied te legitimate e*pectation. It "as reflected in au! v %.B. 0' even toug later on several cases legitimate e*pectation used as tool for revie" te action.4; On tis part it can !e referred tat te e*tension of judicial revie" on administrative action as !een occurred is an o!vious one. It "ortily to codified tat suc e*pansion is ta#en place under te eads of $u!lic Trust Doctrine, Constitutional, $eople -overeignty, Rigt Aased %pproac and follo"ing indigenous metod in egitimate <*pectation, ocus -tandi %nd $u!lic Interest itigation.
1UDICI% R<>I<9 ON %D?INI-TR%TI>< ON %CTION IN %NOT8 Commission4+ te principle of good administration "as esta!lised.
4- 71--58 2 /L= 5, unawardana V Perera : 71--*8 2 /L= 222& Ier(i% V De si%(a : 72,,18 2 /L= 11& Bic??ra"arathne V $ayrathne) 72,,18 3 /L= 1#1& Dana+a%a V Dissnaya?e) 7 1--*8 1 /L= 4,, /annas'a%a V The @ni(ersity of Fe%aniya and Ie"0ers of The @ni(ersity /enate) 71--18 2 /L= 1-3& and >a'%in'a" V @ni(ersity of $a!na and others)7C.A Brit A++%ication >o.515 J2,, 51 Iarr'etVa%aFiristansottir& Mood Ad"inistration as a unda"enta% =i'htN& ce%andic =e(iew of Po%itics and Ad"inistration Vo%.- ssue 1& 2,13& +.23*)255 52 72,,38 9C= ) 2125
Neverteless in tis point correctly to refer tat United @ingdom e*tended te revie" te action in "ider sense in eads of ortodo* grounds, $u!lic Trust Doctrine, $u!ic Interest itigation, ocus -tandi, egitimate <*pectation and Rigt Aased %pproac. Ay contrast in United @ingdom tere is stopping point tat upon te judicial revie" on administrative action te judiciary e*ercise te revie" on te consideration and "itin te am!it of supremacy of parliament. %U-TR%I%N $O-ITION. Te esta!lisment of %dministrative %ppeals Tri!unal %ct4/ confer te po"er to revie" to tri!unals. Te %dministrative Decisions21udicial Revie"3 %ct 40 e*tends te scope of judicial revie" to investigate functions and oter conduct engaged in for te purpose of a ma#ing decision and codifies te grounds of judicial revie". -uc grounds are administrative improper e*ercise of po"er ,44 relevant and irrelevant consideration,46 ulterior purpose,4( infle*i!le policy,4) unreasona!leness,4' un certainty,6; natural justice,6& no evidence ground,6+and fraud.6/ :R%NC< $O-ITION. Te :renc may claim credit for evolving te macinery capa!le of implementing it in modern conditions in revie" te action. 60 Its !riefly stated tat in :rance te jurisdiction to revie" is empo"ered to te administrative court and e*ercised te po"er in aid of persons "ose interests are going to violated or "ose rigts ave !een violated. 64 53 -1 of 1-*5 7Cwth8. 54 5- of 1-** 7cwth8. 55 The Ad"inistrati(e Decisions 7$udicia% =e(iew8 Act 5- of 1-**& s 5718 7e8 5# 0id&s 5728 708 5* 0id& s 5728 7c8 5 0id& s 5 728 7f8 5- 0id& s 5 728 7'8 #, 0id& s 5728 7h8 #1 0id& s 5718 7a8 #2 0id& s 5 718 7h8 #3 0id& s 5 718 7'8 #4 >. hosh& co"+arati(e Ad"inistrati(e Law 7Ca%cutta&1-18 +.#41)427Ta'roe Law Lectures8
D< ?I<9 O: %D?INI-TR%TI>< %CTION IN -RI %N@%. %ccording to te application on judicial revie" on administrative action in -ri an#a its figure out tat e*pansion of tis application can not !e #eep in sustaina!le one. Te main factors are identified as te lac#ing caracter on rule of la" and inconsistence of judicial precedent. Under tese factors te follo"ing can !e considered..
RU< O: %9. Constitutionalism is te one of te pillar for rule of la". 8o"ever -ri an#an constitution aving many defect in itself. :undamental rigts is te one of te !asic elements of constitution. In -ri an#a te fundamental rigts are not comprises more rigts compare to anoter nations and te rigts "ic are guaranteed !y constitution mostly !eing te relative rigts. Tere!y it can !e restricted. In tis sense te -ri an#an revie" system #no"n as constitutional revie" system. Terefore "en te judiciary started to revie" te action !ased on rigts it faces difficulties on "ider sense its applications. Aecause te revie" te action !ased on rigts restricted "itin te four corners of constitution. Aesides te success point on te constitutionalism tat su!stantial mater sould !e refer in e*press "ay. Tus judicial revie" in administrative action is a important element. Aut in -ri an#a tis element not refer in e*press "ay. Terefore it can !e construed only from %rticle &0;, 66&402p3,6(&(,6)&+62/36' and &+6 203 (; tat te judiciary as te po"er to revie" and tat on !asis of rigt !ased approac, terefore "rit and fundamental rigts are !asic criteria for te judicial revie" and respectively tese jurisdiction and over to court of appeal2"ritG island "ide3 provincial ig court2"ritG"itin it’s province3 and supreme court2fundamental rigts3. In tis mater tere is te cance can arise to reluctant to follo" te rigt !ased approac !ecause it is not refer in e*press manner. On te oter and te anoter defect in tis revie" on te !asis of people sovereignty is arisen from lac#ing caracter of separation of po"er. In -ri an#a te sovereignty is in te
#5 =adha?ant >aya?)Ad"inistrati(e $ustice in india&+)3, ## /u+ra note #* /u+ra note # /u+ra note 3#- /u+ra note 4, *, /u+ra note 41
ands of te people (& and it can !e e*ercised !y te government !odies. (+ tere!y it so"s a!out separation of po"er. 8o"ever in -ri an#a it is "ell e*perienced tat in practice most occurrences te e*ecutive !ody interfere into anoter !odies. Terefore it on te face of record affects te separation of po"er ten it resulted as struggle point on revie" te action on te !asis of people sovereignty. Te anoter de merit arises from te defect on independence of judiciary in -ri an#a. It is evident from te istory tat te independence of judiciary al"ays undermined !y te e*ecutive and legislative action and political influence. :or tis te !est e*ample tat te removal of te former Cief 1ustice -irani Aandarnaya#e.(/ 8ence te anoter callenging matter on revie" te action is e*clusion clause or immunity clause. (0 -o in tis movement te judiciary can not revie" te action.(4 It is interesting to noted tat and over te fundamental rigts and "rit jurisdiction in separate sectors also found as !arriers on revie" te action. Benerally "rit and fundamental rigts jurisdiction respectively empo"ered to court of appeal and supreme court. (6 In t"o circumstances te supreme court sall e*ercise te court of appeal jurisdiction under %rticle &+62/3 and first %mendment to te &'() constitution. (( %ccording to first amendment spea#s a!out parliament !y la" sall transferred jurisdiction of court of appeal to supreme court. Toug indeed it impossi!le tat in all circumstances te parliament sall and over te court of appeal jurisdiction to supreme court. 8aving remind te aforesaid matters, it can !e stated tat in -ri an#a one person can not o!tain remdy as "rit and redress for violation of fundamental rigts in spontaneously. Tus e "ant to get !ot t"o remedy e "ant to files separate case in separate court. Tere!y tis
*1 /u+ra note 1 *2 /u+ra note 2 *3 htt+6JJ 'round(iews.or'J2,13J,1J1,Ja)%e'a%)+ri"er)the)i"+each"ent)of)the) chief)ustice)in)/ri)Lan?aJ *4 Artic%e 35 718 of 1-* ,f constitution)Bhi%e any +erson ho%ds oOce as President& no +roceedin's sha%% he instituted or continued a'ainst hi" in any court or tri0una% in res+ect of anythin' done or o"itted to 0e done 0y hi" either in his oOcia% or +ri(ate ca+acity.
*5 /enarath V Chandri?a andarnaya?e Fu"aratun'a& /C= 5,3J2,,5. *# /u+ra note and 1, ** /u+ra note 4, and irst A"end"ent to the 1-* constitution) Artic%e 14, of the Constitution of the De"ocratic /ocia%ist of /ri Lan?a is here0y a"ended 0y t he insertion i""ediate%y at the end of that Artic%e of the fo%%owin' +ro(iso6) MPro(ided that Par%ia"ent "ay 0y %aw +ro(ide that in any such cate'ory of cases as "ay 0e s+eciKed in such %aw& the urisdiction conferred on the Court of A++ea% 0y the +recedin' +ro(isions of this Artic%e sha%% 0e eercised 0y the /u+re"e Court and not 0y the Court of A++ea%N
defect produces te e*pansive on money consideration, consuming time and verdict.
delay for
Te anoter struggle point in judicial revie" of administrative action is tere is no "ider po"er "it regard redress. Neiter supreme court or court of appeal ave te po"er to issue te mandate ,order rater tan issuing "rit and redress for violation for fundamental rigts to"ards administrative !odies. Aut in tis aspect Indian -upreme Court as te po"er to issuing "rit, order, direction, and redress for fundamental rigts. () IN CON-I-T
CONCU-ION %ND R
* Artic%e 32 728 of the ndian constitution)728 The /u+re"e Court sha%% ha(e +ower to issue directions or orders or writs& inc%udin' writs in the nature of ha0eas cor+us& "anda"us& +rohi0ition& uo warranto and certiorari& whiche(er "ay 0e a++ro+riate& for the enforce"ent of any of the ri'hts conferred 0y this Part *- #- >L= 2#5 , @AT @dayan'anie& Artic%e on 9nsurin' ood Ad"inistration throu'h the de(e%o+"ent of udicia% re(iew in /ri Lan?a +)1# +ara 5.
Tus upon tis matter it can !e recommended tat enance te rule of la", follo" te judicial precedent, refer te rigt !ased approac in e*press manner , added te good administration principle as rigts as li#e United @ingdom, com!ine !ot "rit, fundamental rigts and and over tat jurisdiction to one judicial !ody and e*tended te jurisdiction to issue te mandate and order to"ards administrative !odies.
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