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INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY 02 THE CELL CITY DIRECTIONS: Compare the cell to a city city by filling in the table below. Study the general elements of a city written on the left column and write the corresponding structures, structures, molecules, and substances found in a cell that portray analogous function on the right column. Select your answers from the box containing keywords. You may use the keywords repeatedly provided that the function fits to the analogy. Item number 1 is already done for you as an example.
Mitochondria Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Nuclear Membrane Genes and Genetic Codes Deoxyribonucleic Acid/DNA Acid/DNA Vacuoles Lysosomes Vesicles Chromosomes Nucleus
KEYWORDS Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Messenger RNA/Mrna Hormones Extracellular Matrix Golgi apparatus Plasmodesmata Adenosine Triphosphate/ATP Triphosphate/ATP Centrosome Microvilli Membrane-bound organelles Non-membrane bound
City
1. The Ruling Government Government - Has a ruler that resides in a high security compound - The highest commander - Leads the implementation of laws - Has lawmakers that help him - Without which, there would be no government structure
Gap junctions Cell wall Cytoskeleton Enzymes Cilia and Flagella Transport proteins Central Dogma Receptor Proteins Chloroplast Nuclear envelope Peroxisome Channel Proteins
Cell Nucleus - Has nuclear envelope, a membrane that serves as protective cover - the command center of the cell where all instructions come from - Has chromosomes that carry all the genetic material DNA - The genetic material that serves as instructions Genes and genetic codes - Instructions disseminated with the help of communications network and transport system Central Dogma (DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation) - The doctrine of the genetic material
2. Members of the Community - The people - Vary in roles and responsibilities - Reside in structures with varying forms
3. Security System and Law Enforcement - has checkpoints - guards the entry and exit points - selective: allows passage of compliant people or vehicles and blocks passage of noncompliant people/vehicles - blocks invaders - law enforcers that vary in roles and responsibilities - defense mechanisms
4. Transport System - has roads that serve as passageways - roads vary in structure and function - vehicles also vary in structure and function - utilizes expenditure of money and other valuable commodities to enable transport - mobile functions
5. Power Plants and Other Energy-Regulating System - produce energy for consumption - this energy enables city operations - without which, the city’s total performance and functioning is greatly affected and sometimes hindered - harvest energy from different sources, store them, convert them into other forms and/or distribute them to consumers for consumption
6. Factories - manufacture different products - follow certain manufacturing protocols - conform to quality standards - collaborate with the transport system to deliver the products/goods to the community
7. Storage - Serves as warehouse for keeping different products - Assures that the quality of products are retained - Also collaborates with transport system to deliver the products to the community
8. Waste Treatment System - deals with proper disposal of wastes produced by factories - involves recycling of recyclable materials and total waste disposal of materials that have no longer value - also collaborates with transport system to collect wastes
9. Communications Network and Information Sytem - includes post office that provides service for the reception and delivery of messages - includes network providers that utilize signals to transmit messages - includes public information officer and other forms of media that disseminate different types of information (laws, important announcements, news other messages) - they can either go directly to the recipient of the information or use various media of communication - includes verbal communication with the use of languages and verbal expressions; and nonverbal communication (hand gestures, signages, symbols, etc)
10. Defined geographical limits - boundaries that separate one location from one another - distinguishing factor that separates establishments (houses, buildings, villages, compounds) - include territories, boarders, barriers
References: Brooker, R.J., et. Al.2015. Principles of Biology International Edition. McGraw-Hill Education Reece, J.B., et. Al. 2009. Campbell Biology 9th Edition Textbook.pdf.Pearson Education. Youtube Videos: Crash Course Biology #4: Eukaryopolis – The City of Animal Cells Crash Course Biology #5: In Da Club – Membranes and Transport Crash Course Biology #6: Plant Cells
