ASME SECT. SECT. VIII DIV-I DIV-I CODES, ST STANDAR ANDARDS DS & SPECIFICATIONS
ASME Se ASME Sectio ction n VIII VIII Div Divisio ision-1 n-1,, 2 & 3 Historical Development of ASME Section VIII Div- 1, 2 & 3 – In the early 20th century, explosion of steam boilers in U.S was frequent. Occurring rate 1/day. – 1914: ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code is published. – 1925: First publication of Section VIII – Unfired Pressure Vessels. – 1934: API+ASME jointly published unfired pressure vessel code for petroleum industry. – 1952: These two codes are merged in to single code: ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII – 1968: ASME Section VIII Div-2 is published and original code became Div-1 – 1997: ASME Sec VIII division 3 is published.
ASME Se ASME Sectio ction n VIII VIII Div Divisio isionn-1, 1, 2 & 3 ASME Section VIII codes are most widely used worldwide. Section VIII is divided into three divisions: – Division 1: Rules for construction of pressure vessels – Division 2: Alternative Rules for construction of pressure vessels. – Division 3: Alternative Rules for construction of high pressure vessels. Division 1 is used most often since it contains sufficient requirements for majority of pressure vessels. The main objective of ASME Code rules is to establish the minimum requirements that are necessary for safe construction and operation. ASME Code defines the requirements for material, design, fabrication, inspection and testing which are needed to achieve a safe design.
ASME Section VIII Division-1 Scope: – Applicable for pressure between 15 psig and 3000 psig. – Code requirements do not apply to non pressure parts, however welds which attach non pressure parts on pressure parts shall meet code rules.
World Wide Pressure Vessel Codes Different industrial nations, institutions and organizations have developed standards and codes of the pressure vessel for –
Design
–
Fabrication
–
Inspection
These codes and standards help the Design,Fabrication, Inspection engineer to size the vessel properly for its safe operation. Advantages of design codes: –
Proven design based on experience.
–
Inbuilt factor of safety.
–
Amendments of codes are being done at regular interval interval
ASME Section VIII Division-1 Scope: – Code identifies specific items for which it is not applicable. This includes: Fired process tubular heaters (e.g. furnaces). Pressure containers which are integral part of mechanical devices (e.g. pumps, turbines). Piping system and their components.
ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSELS CODES I. POWER BOILERS II. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS III. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COMPONENTS IV. HEATING BOILERS V. NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION VI. RECOMMANDATED RULES FOR CARE & OPERATION OF HEATING BOILERS VII. RECOMMANDATED RULE FOR CARE OF POWER BOILERS VIII. PRESSURE VESSELS –DIVISION-1 ,DIVISION-2 & DIVISION-3 IX. WELDING & BRAZING BRAZING QUALIFICATIONS. X. FIBERGLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS XI. RULES FOR INSERVICE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COMPONENTS XII. RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND CONTINUED SERVICE OF TRANSPORT TANKS.
ASME Section VIII Division-1 Structure of Sec VIII Div-1: It is divided into three subsections: – Subsection A: It consists part UG, general requirements for Method of construction . that apply to all pressure vessel parts, – Subsection B: It covers requirements that apply to various fabrication methods. Subsection B consists of – Part UW for welded construction Part UF for forged construction Part UB for brazed construction
- Subsection C: It covers requirements for several classes of material.
Structure of ASME Section VIII Div-1 ASME SEC –VIII DIV- 1 Consists of: – Introduction -U – Subsection A -General Requirements (Part UG) – Subsection B -Specific Requirements - Methods (Parts UW, UF, UB) – Subsection C -Specific Requirements - Materials (Parts UCS, UNF, UHA, UCI, UCL, UCD, UHT, ULW, ULT, UHX) – Mandatory Appendices -Appendix 1 to 40 – Non Mandatory Appendices -Appendix A, C, … LL, MM (25 nos.)
Subsection A -General Requirements Part UG : General Requirements for all Methods of Construction and all Materials – Materials UG-4 to UG-15 – Design UG-16 to UG-35 – Openings and Reinforcement UG-36 to UG-46 – Braced and stayed surfaces UG-47 to UG-50 – Ligaments UG-53 to UG-55 – Fabrication UG-75 to UG-85 – Inspection and Tests UG-90 to UG-103 – Markings and Reports UG-115 to UG-120 – Pressure Relief Devices UG-125 to UG-137
Subsection B -Requirements pertaining to methods of Fabrication of Pressure Pressure Vessels Part UW : Requirements for Pressure vessels fabricated by Welding – – – – – – –
General UW-1 to UW-3 Materials UW-5 Design UW-8 to UW-21 Fabrication UW-26 to UW-42 Inspection and Tests UW-46 to UW-53 Markings and Reports UW-60 Pressure Relief Devices UW-65
Part UF : Requirements for Pressure vessel fabricated by Forging Part UB : Requirements for Pressure vessel fabricated by Brazing
Subsection C -Requirements pertaining to Classes of Materials Part UCS – – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Part UNF – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Non Ferrous Materials Part UHA – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of High Alloy Steel Part UCI – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Iron Part UCL – – Requirements for Welded Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material non corrosion resistant, Integral Cladding, Weld Metal Overlay, Cladding or with Applied Linings Part UCD – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Cast Ductile Iron
Subsection C -Requirements pertaining to Classes of Materials(Continued) Part UHT – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Ferritic Steels with Tensile Properties enhanced by Heat Treatment Part ULW – Requirements for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Layered Construction Part ULT – Alternative Rules for Pressure Vessels Constructed of Material having higher allowable stresses at lower temperatures Part UHX – Rules for Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 COVERS THE DESIGN OF PRESSURE COMPONENTS AS LISTED BELOW ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
UG-27 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE UG-28 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE UG-29 -----STIFFENING RINGS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE UG-32 & 33 ---- FORMED HEAD , COVERS ELLIPSOIDAL, TORISHERICAL, HEMISHERICAL, CONICAL & TORICONICAL HEADS. UG-34 ---- UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS & COVERS UG-36 & 37 ---- OPENING IN PRESSURE VESSELS & REINFORCEMENTS UG-41 ---- STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENTS UG -47 ----- BRACED & STAYED SURFACE UG – 53 – LIGAMENT UW-12 & 15 – WELD EFFICIENCY & WELDED CONNECTION DESIGN UCS -56 – REQUIRMENT OF PWHT UG -99 & 100 – HYDROTEST & PNUMATIC TEST REQUIREMENT
PRESSURE VESSEL ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UG-27 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE UG-28 ----- THK OF SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE UG-29 -----STIFFENING RINGS OF CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE UG-32 & 33 ---- FORMED HEAD , COVERS ELLIPSOIDAL, TORISHERICAL, HEMISHERICAL, CONICAL & TORICONICAL HEADS. UG-34 ---- UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS & COVERS UG-36 & 37 ---- OPENING IN PRESSURE VESSELS & REINFORCEMENTS UG-41 ---- STRENGTH OF REINFORCEMENTS UG -47 --------- BRACED BRACED & & STAYED STAYED SURFACE UG – 53 – LIGAMENT
UW-12 & 15 – WELD EFFICIENCY & WELDED CONNECTION DESIGN UCS -56 – REQUIRMENT OF PWHT UG -99 & 100 – HYDROTEST & PNUMATIC TEST REQUIREMENT
STRUCTURE OF ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 CODE ASME
ASME Section VIII Division-1 Division 1 also consists mandatory and non mandatory appendices: – Mandatory Appendices: It addresses the subjects that are not covered elsewhere in the code. Requirements of this appendices are mandatory.
– Nonmandatory Appendices: It provides information and suggested good practices. Requirements of these appendices are not mandatory unless specified in purchase order.
ASME Section VIII Division-2 – Scope of division 2 is identical to that of division 1, however there is no limitation on higher pressure. – Allowable stress values are higher for division 2 that division 1, hence division 2 vessels are thinner – Vessels constructed with division 2 are economical over division 1 when saving in material cost is higher than the additional cost required to meet stringent requirements of division 2. – Economical for higher pressure applications and for more expensive alloy materials.
ec on VIII Division v s on 1 ASME Section and 2 1. Pressure limit
Up to 3000 psig -->
2. Design Factor
3.5 Membrane Stress --> Max. Principal Stress Theory -->
No limitation on pressure, however Div-3 is applicable above 10000 psig -->> 3 Membrane Stress + Bending Stress, Fatigue Maximum Shear Stress Theory -->>
0.75 to 1.0
No Joint Efficiency Factor
Not Required
U.D.S. &Design Report Certification Required
1.3 * MAWP
1.25 * Design Pressure
Higher Than Div. 2
15 % Less than Div. 1
3. Stress Analysis 4. Stress Theory 5. Joint Efficiency 6. .Engineer. Certification 7. Hydrostatic Test Pressure 8. Material Weight
ASME Section VIII Division-3 – Applied to vessels operating at internal or external design pressure is generally above 10000 psig. – Design rules: Maximum shear stress Elastic plastic analysis Fracture mechanics evaluation
– Material and NDE requirements more stringent than division 1 and 2
PARTS OF THE PRESSURE VESSELS 1. HEADS/END CLOSURES 2. SHELL 3. NOZZLES 4. SUPPORTS 5. NOZZLE REINFORCEMENT PADS 6. INTERNALS & EXTERNAL ATTACHMENTS
Design considerations FOLLOWING LOADINGS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DESIGNING THE VESSELS AS PER ASME SEC. VIII DIV. I ( CLAUSE UG-22) 1. INTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE. 2. EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE AT DESIGN TEMPRATURE. 3. WEIGHT OF THE VESSEL AT OPERATING OPERATING AND AND TEST TEST CONDITION. CONDITION. 4. LOAD DUE TO ATTACHED EQUIPMENTS. 5. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY. 6. EXTERNAL / INTERNAL ATTACHMENT 7. SEISMIC LOADING. 8. WIND LOADING. 9. FATIGUE LOADING DUE TO THERMAL AND PRESSURE VARIATIONS. 10. CORROSION ALLOWANCES.
WHAT IS PRESSURE VESSEL ? PRESSURE VESSEL IS CONTAINER FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF PRESSURE, EITHER INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL.
THIS PRESSURE MAY BE OBTAINED FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, OR BY THE APPLICATION OF HEAT FROM A DIRECT OR INDIRECT SOURCE, OR ANY COMBINATION THEREOF.
TYPE OF VESSELS DEPENDING UPON THE ORIENTATION: 1. HORIZONTAL VESSEL 2. VERTICAL VESSEL
TYPE OF VESSEL DEPENDING UPON THE FUNCTIONS : 1. STORAGE VESSEL 2. COLUMNS / ADSORBERS 3. SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
SHELL
SHELL IS THE MAIN PART OF THE VESSEL.
TYPES OF THE SHELL 1. CYLINDRICAL SHELL
2. SPHERICAL SHELL DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL SHELL UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE AS PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1, CL. UG-27.
FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, SHELL TO BE DESIGN AS PER ASME SEC-VIII DIV1 CL. UG-28
VESSEL CONSTRUCTION Circ. Seam
Long. Seam
D’end Shell
Nozzle
Typical Vessel
BOT SPOOL
D-End
CIRC. SEAM
LONG SEAM
D/E SEAM
MANWAY NOZZLE
D-End
SHELL
NOZZLE
HEADS / ENDCLOSURES HEAD IS THE PART WHICH CLOSES THE END OPENING OF THE CYL. SHELL
TYPES OF THE HEADS :
1. HEMISPHERICAL HEAD 2. ELLIPTICAL HEAD 3. TORISPHERICAL HEAD 4. CONICAL HEAD 5. TORICONICAL HEAD 6. BOLTED BLIND FLANGE DESIGN OF ELLIPTI ELLIPTICAL CAL HEAD UNDER INTERNAL INTERNAL PRESSURE AS PER ASME ASME SEC-VIII DIV-1, DIV-1, CL. UG-32. UG-32.
FOR EXTERNAL DESIGN PRESSURE, HEAD TO BE DESIGN AS PER ASME SEC-VIII SECVIII DIV-1 CL. UG-33 SEC-V III DIV-1
Formed Heads (Continued…)
SINGLE PIECE DISHEND
CROWN & PETAL D’END Petals
Crown
Crow n Plate Petal Plate
TORISPHERICAL DISHEND
Seamless(one-piece head)
HEMISPHERICAL DISHEND
Spherical seamless head(ID 3.4mt., 92mmThk.,steel SA387 Gr 11)
FLAT HEADS
Flat Head (OD 4.1mt,Knuckle radius 100mm)
BOLTED BLIND FLANGE Detail of Manhole
NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS NOZZLES ARE THE OPENINGS PROVIDED IN THE SHELL/ HEAD FOR CONNECTING THE EXTERNAL PIPING WITH VESSEL.
NOZZLES NOZZLES CONSISTS CONSISTS OF OF NOZZLE NOZZLE NECK, NECK, FLANGE FLANGE && RF RF PAD PAD
TYPES OF THE NOZZLES / CONNECTIONS : 1. PIPE NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION
2. FORGED NECK WITH FLANGE CONNECTION NOZZLE NECK TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I CL. UG-45 RF PAD FOR THE NOZZLE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I CL. UG-36
NON STD. FLANGE TO BE DESIGNED AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV I, APPX-2 & STD FLANGE TO BE SELECTED AS PER UG-44/ASME B16.5
Nozzle Details
SUPPORTS FOR VESSEL SUPPORTS ARE REQUIRED FOR THE INSTALLATION OF THE VESSEL ON THE FOUNDATION.
TYPE OF SUPPORTS 1. LEG TYPE SUPPORT SUPPORT
2. SKIRT TYPE SUPPORT (CYLINDRICAL/CONICAL) 3 BRACKET TYPE SUPPORT 4. SADDLE SUPPORT –
SKIRT DETAIL
Detail of Skirt
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION FOR VESSEL ASME DIFFERENT TYPES OF OF THE THE MATERIAL MATERIAL FOR PLATES, ASME LISTS THE DIFFERENT FORGINGS, PIPES, TUBES, FLANGES & FITTING . --- ASME SEC II PART
A,B,C & D
REFER TABLE UCS-23 FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOW STEEL
REFER TABLE UHA-23 FOR HIGH ALLOY STEEL.
FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS 1. WELD JOINT CATEGORIES AS PER UW-3 2. WELD JOINT EFFICIENCY AS PER UW-12 3. WELDING OF NOZZLES WITH SHELL AS PER UW-16 4. WELDING/WELDER QUALIFICATION AS PER ASME SEC IX 5. PWHT REQUIREMENT AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV .1 , CL. UG-56 6. IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENT AS PER UCS-65/66
ec on VIII Division-1: v s on- : ASME Section Fabrication It covers the fabrication requirements as listed below – Weld joint categories as per UW-3 – Weld joint efficiency as per UW –12 – Welding of nozzles with shell as per UW –16 – Welding/welder qualification as per ASME Sec IX – PWHT requirement as per UG-56 – Impact test requirement as per UCS-65 & UG 84
ASME Section VIII Division-1: Fabrication Weld Joint Categories UW-3
NDT TESTING
ALL BUTT JOINTS TO BE RT/UT/MPT/DP TESTED AS PER ASME CODE REQUIREMENT
ALL CORNER JOINTS e.g. NOZZLE TO SHELL JOINT SHALL BE MPT/DP
TESTED. ALL FILLET WELDS SHALL BE DP TESTED.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR NDT REQUIREMENT FOR WELD JOINT
Appendix 4 Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indication in Welds Appendix 6 Appendix 8
Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination (MT) Methods for Liquid Penetrate Examination (PT)
Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)
EQUIPMENT TEST : - HYDROTEST --> 1.3 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-99) – PNEUMATIC TEST ---> 1.1 x DESIGN PRESSURE (UG-100)
OFFICIAL STAMP FOR CODED VESSELS
PREHEATING REQUIREMENT PREHEATING REDUCES THE SUSCEPTIBILTY OF THE WELDMENT TO COLD CTACKING /HYDROGEN CRACKING PREHEATING REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE CARBON EQUIVALENT (CE) CE %
SUGGESTED TEMP
UP TO 0.45 % OPTIONAL 0.45 % TO 0.60 % 200-400 F ABOVE 400 – 700 F ABOVE 0.60 % EFFECT OF PREHEATING : 1. ELIMINATES THE DANGER OF CRACK FORMATION 2. MINIMIZES HARD ZONE ADJACENT TO WLED 3. MINIMIZES THE SHRINKAGE STRESS 4. MINIMIZES THE DESTORTION
POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT OBJETCIVE: 1.TO REDUCE THE RESIDUAL STRESSES AT WELD & HAZ 2.TO MODIFY THE MICRO-STRUCTURE (HAZ) EFFECT: 1. SUSCETIBLITIES TO BRITTLE FAILURE DECREASES. 2. RESISTANCE TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING INCREASES. 3. DIMENSIONAL STABILITIES INCREASES. PWHT PARAMETER 1. HEATING RATE 2. SOAKING TEMPERATURE 3. COOLING RATE
Part UCS (Continued…) UCS-56 – PWHT
CODE EXTRACT FOR HEAT TREATMENT P. NO.
HOLDING TEMP.
NOM.
SOAKING PERIOD
THICKNE SS
1 ( CARBON STEEL) & 3 (LOW ALLOY STEEL)
1100 DEG. F(593’ C)
UPTO 2”
1 HR. PER INCH. , HOWEVER 15 MINUTES MINIMUM
OVER 2” TO 5”
2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN. FOR EACH ADDITIONAL INCH ABOVE 2” 2 HOURS , PLUS 15 MIN. FOR EACH ADDITIONAL INCH ABOVE 2”
OVER 5 ”
* POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT IS MANDATORY ON P-NO.3 GR. NO. 3 MATERIAL IN ALL THICKNESSES.
Code Requirements for PWHT Material
Normal Holding Temperature °C
Minimum holding time at normal temperature for nominal thickness
P - No.1, P - No.3 [e.g.SA516GR60/70]
595
1hr / in. 2 hr plus 15 min for each 2 hr plus 15 min for 15 min minimum additional inch over 2’’ each additional inch over 2’’
P - No.4 [e.g.SA387GR11]
650
1hr / in. 15 min minimum
1 hr / inch
5 hr plus 15 min for each additional inch over 5’’
P - No.5A P - No.5B P - No.5C [Group no.1 ] [e.g.SA387GR22/ [e.g.SA387GR22/ SA540Ty.D Cl.4a]
675
1hr / in. 15 min minimum
1 hr / inch
5 hr plus 15 min for each additional inch over 5’’
P - No.5B
705
1hr / in.
1 hr / inch
5 hr plus 15 min for
Up to 2’’
Over 2’’ to 5’’
Over 5’’
REQUIREMENT OF PRODUCTION CONTROL TESTING- PTC REQUIREMENT PTC SIMULATES THE ACTUAL WELD JOINT WITH THE BASE MATERIAL & WELDING CONSUMABLES FROM THE SAME HEAT & MELT AS THOSE USED IN ACTUL JOINT. THE PTC UNDERGOES IDENTIAL FABRICATION SEQUENCE, DONE BY THE SAME WELDERS, SAME WELDING PARAMETERS WITH SAME CONSTAINTS SIMULATED AS THAT OF JOB. TYPES OF PRODUCTION TEST COUPONS 1. THE SMULATED WELD COUPON – STC 2. THE FINAL TEST COUPON – FTC STC – – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELD JOINT, WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO THE SIMULATED HEAT TREATMENT CYCLE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OF ALL POSSIBLE EVANTUALITIES LIKE REPAIRE, ADDITIONAL HEAT TREATMENT ETC. FTC – – THIS IS BASICALLY THE TEST COUPON OF THE WELDMENT, WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO THE ACTUAL HAET TREATMENT SEEN IN
HYDRO & PNUMATIC TESTING OF PRESSURE VESSEL HYDROTESTING IS TO DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV-1-CL UG-99 HYDROTEST PRESSURE = 1.3 X (P design) x (allow stress at test temp/ allow stress at design temp) HYDROTEST STRESS SHOULD NOT EXCCED 90 % OF THE YIELD STRESS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PNUMTAIC TESTING IS TO BE DONE AS PER ASME SEC VIII DIV 1 –CL UG100 PNUMATIC TEST PRESSURE = 1.1 X DESIGN PRESSURE THE METAL TEMPERATURE DURING PNUMATIC TESTING SHALL BE MAINTAINED ATLEAT 17 DRG C ABOVE THE MDMT TO MINIMISE THE RISK OF BRITTLE FRACTURE.
HYDROTEST WATER FILLING, PRESSURISING & INSPECTION
HYDROTEST WATER FILLING, PRESSURISING & INSPECTION
Sketch for Hydro test
Arrangement for Outlet Pressure Gauge Towards Venting pipe Valves Pressure Gauge
Square Bar Coupling
Arrangement for Inlet Pressure Gauge Pressure Gauge Valves Coupling
From Hydrotest Pump Square Bar
Towards Drain
ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORIZATION & CODE SYMBOL STAMPS SYMBOL/STAMP
CODE BOOKS REQUIRED
------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. “A” ( ASSEBLY BOILER) --- B 31.1 &SEC- 1 & SEC II –C 2. “U”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 3. “U2”(PRESSURE VESSEL) ---- ASME SEC VIII DIV-2 4. “U3” (HIGH PV) ----- ASME SEC VIII DIV- 3 4. “S” (POWER BOILER) ------ B31.1 & SEC-1 SEC-1 5. “UV” (PV SAFETY VALVE)----ASME SEC VIIII DIV -1 /2 6. “V” (BOILER SAFETY VALVE) ----- SEC -1 7. “qp” (PRESSURE PIPING) ------ B31.1 & SEC SEC -1 -1
PRESSURE VESSEL CODE ASME SECTION VIII DIVISION 1
Introduction to ASME Codes (Section I to Section XII)
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1 “Unfired” Pressure Vessel Rules Published Pressure Limits
Section VIII Div.2
Section VIII Div.3
Alternative Rules
Alternative Rules for High Pressure
<1940
1968
1997
Normally up to 3000 psig
No limits either way, usually 600+ psig
No limits, Normally from 10,000 psig
General, Construction Type & Material U, UG, UW, UF, UB, UCS, UNF, UCI, UCD, UHT, ULT
General, Material, Design, Fabrication and others AG, AM, AD, AF, AR, AI, AT, AS
Organisation
Design Factor Design Factor 3.5 on tensile and other yield and temperature considerations
Design Factor 3 on tensile (lower factor under reviewed) and other yield and temperature considerations
Similar to Division 2 KG, KM, KD, KF, KR, KE, KT, KS
Yield based with reduction factor for yield to tensile ratio less than 0.7
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1
Design Rules
Experimental stress Analysis
Section VIII Div.2
Section VIII Div.3
“Unfired” Pressure Vessel Rules
Alternative Rules
Alternative Rules for High Pressure
Membrane-Maximum stress Generally Elastic analysis Very detailed design rules with Quality (joint efficiency) Factors. Little stress analysis required, pure membrane without consideration of discontinuities controlling stress concentration to a safety factor of 3.5 or higher
Shell of Revolution – Max. Shear stress Generally Elastic Analysis Membrane + Bending. Fairly detailed design rules. In addition to the design rules, discontinuities, fatigue and other stress analysis considerations may be required unless exempted and guidance provided for in Appendix 4, 5 and 6
Maximum shear stress Elastic/plastic Analysis and more. Some design rules provided; Fatigue analysis required, Fracture mechanics evaluation required unless proven leakbefore-burst, Residual stresses become significant and may be positive factors
Normally not required
Introduced and may be required
Experimental design verification but may be exempted
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1 “Unfired” Vessel Rules Material and Impact Testing
NDE Requirements
Pressure
Section VIII Div.2
Section VIII Div.3
Alternative Rules
Alternative Rules for High Pressure
Few restriction on materials; Impact required unless exempted, extensive exemptions under UG20, UCS 66/67
More restriction of materials; impact required in general with similar rules as Division 1
Even more restrictive than Division 2 with different requirements. Fracture toughness testing requirement for fracture mechanics evaluation crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) testing and establishment of Klc and/or Jlc values
NDE requirements may be exempted through increased design factor
More stringent NDE requirements, extensive use of RT, as well as UT, MT and PT.
Even more restrictive than Division 2, UT used for all butt welds, RT otherwise, extensive use of PT and MT
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1
Section VIII Div.2
Section VIII Div.3
“Unfired” Pressure Vessel Rules
Alternative Rules
Alternative Rules for High Pressure
Welding and Fabrication
Different types with butt welds and others
Extensive use/requirement of butt welds and full penetration welds including non pressure attachment welds
Butt welds and extensive use of other construction methods such as threaded, layered, wire-wound, interlocking stripwound and others
User
User or designated agent to provide specifications (see U-2(a))
User’s Design Specification with detailed design requirements (see AG-301.1) include AD 160 for fatigue evaluation
User’s Design specification with more specific details (see KG-310) including contained fluid data, etc. with useful operation life expected and others. Designer defined.
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1 “Unfired” Vessel Rules Manufacturer
Professional Engineer Certification
Pressure
Section VIII Div.2
Section VIII Div.3
Alternative Rules
Alternative Rules for High Pressure
Manufacturer to declare compliance in data report
Manufacturer’s Design Report certifying design specification and code compliance in addition to data report
Same as Division 2
Normally not required
Professional Engineers’ Certification of User’s Design Specification as well as Manufacturer’s Design report Professional Engineer shall be experienced in pressure vessel design
Same as Division 2 but the Professional Engineer shall be in high-pressure vessel design and shall not sign for both User and Manufacturer.
A Brief Discussion on ASME Section VIII Divisions 1 and 2 and Division 3 Section VIII Div.1 “Unfired” Vessel Rules
Safety Relief Valve
Pressure
UV Stamp
Section VIII Div.2 Alternative Rules
UV Stamp
Section VIII Div.3 Alternative Rules for High Pressure
UV3 Stamp
Code Stamp and Marking
U Stamp with Addition marking including W, P, RES, L, UB, DF, RT, HT
U2 Stamp with Additional marking including HT
U3 Stamp with additional marking denoting construction type, HT, PS, WL, M, F, W, UQT, WW, SW
Hydrostatic Test
1.3 (was 1.5 before the use of the 3.5 Design factor in the 1999 Addenda)
1.25
1.25
Mandatory Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4
Supplementary Design Formulas Rules for Bolted Flange Connections With Ring Type Gaskets Definitions Rounded Indications Charts Acceptance Standard for Radiographically Determined Rounded Indication
in Welds Appendix 5 Flanged and Flued or Flanged Only Expansion Joints Appendix 6 Methods for Magnetic Particle Examination(MT) Appendix 7 Appendix 8
Examination of Steel Castings Methods for Liquid Penetrate Examination (PT)
Appendix 9 Jacketed Vessels Appendix 10 Quality Control System Appendix 11 Capacity Conversion for Safety Valves Appendix 12 Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)
Mandatory Appendices (continued) Appendix 13 Appendix 14 Appendix 16 Appendix 17 Appendix 18 Appendix 19 Appendix 20 Appendix 21 Appendix 22 Appendix 23
Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section Integral Flat Heads With a Large, Single, Circular, Centrally Located Openings Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Dimpled or Embossed Assemblies Adhesive Attachments of Name Plates Electrically Heated or Gas Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles Hubs Machined From Plates Jacketed Vessels Constructed of Work-Hardened Nickel Integrally Forged Vessels External Pressure Design of Copper, Copper Alloy, Titanium Alloy condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins
Mandatory Appendices (continued) Appendix 24 Appendix 25
Appendix 26 Appendix 27 Appendix 28 Appendix 30 Appendix 31 Appendix 32 Appendix 33
Design Rules for Clamp Connections Acceptance of Testing Laboratories and Authorized Observer for Capacity Certification of Pressure Relief Valves Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers Expansion Joints Alternative Requirements for Glass-Lined Vessels Alternative Corner Weld Joint Detail for Box Headers for Air Cooled Heat Exchangers Rules for Drilled Holes Not Penetrating to Vessel Wall Rules for Cr-Mo steels With Additional Requirements for Welding and Heat Treatment Local Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shell and in Spherical Segments of Shells Standard Units for Use in Equations
Non mandatory Appendices Appendix A Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Appendix G Appendix H Appendix K Appendix L Appendix M
Basis for Establishing Allowable Loads for Tube-toTubesheet Joints Suggested Methods for Obtaining the Operating Temperature of Vessel Walls in Service Suggested Good Practice Regarding Internal Structures Suggested Good Practice Regarding Corrosion Allowance Suggested Good Practice Regarding Linings Suggested Good Practice Regarding Piping Reactions and Design of Supports and Attachments Guidance to Accommodate Loading Produced by Deflagration Sectioning of Welded Joints Examples Illustrating the Application of Code Formulas and Rules Installation and Operation
Non mandatory Appendices (Continued) Appendix P Appendix R
Basic for Establishing Allowable Stress Values Preheating
Appendix S Appendix T
Design Considerations for Bolted Flange Connections Temperature Protection
Appendix W Appendix Y
Guide for Preparing Manufacturer’s Data Reports Flat Faced Flanges With Metal-to-Metal Contact
Outside the Bolt Circle Appendix DD Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization (See Fig. DD-1) Appendix EE Half-Pipe Jackets Appendix FF Guide For the Design and Operation of QuickActuating (Quick-Opening) Closures Appendix GG Guidance for the Use of U.S.Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code
Material and Impa Testing
Few restrictions on materials; Impa More restrictions on materials; impa required unless ex empted; ext ensi required in general with similar rules exemptions under UG-20, UCS 66/ Division 1
toughness testing requirement for fracture mechanics evaluation Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) testing and establishment KIc and/or JIc values
More st ringent NDE requirements; Even more rest rictive than Division NDE requirements may be exempt NDE Requirem ents extensive use of RT as well as UT, UT used for all butt welds, RT through increased design factor and PT. otherwise, extensive use of PT and Butt W elds and extensive use of ot Welding and construction methods such as fabrication threaded, layered, wire-wound, interlocking strip-wound and other User’s Design Spec ification with m User's Design Specification with detai specific details (see K G-310) includi User or des ignated agent t o provid User design requirements (see AG-301.1 contained fluid data, etc with usef specifications (see U-2(a)) include A D 160 for fatigue evaluatio operation life expected and others Designer defined Manufacturer's Design Report certifyi Manufacturer to declare compliance Manufacturer design specification and code Same as Division 2 data report compliance in addition to data repo Professional Engineers' Certification Same as Division 2 but the Professional User's Design Specification as well Professional Engineer shall be Engineer Normally not required Manufacturer's Design Report experienced inhigh pressure vessel Certification Professional Engineer shall be design and shall not sign for both U experienced in pressure vessel desi and Manufacturer Safety Relief Valve UV Stamp UV Stamp UV3 Stamp U Stam p with Addition markings U3 Stamp with additional marking Code Stamp a nd U2 Stam p with Additional marking including W, P, B, RES; L, UB, D denoting construction type; HT, P Marking including HT RT, HT WL, M, F, W, UQT, WW , SW 1.5 (To be lowered to 1.3 for the 1.25 (may be exem pted for Hydrostatic Test 1.25 proposed 3.5* Design Factor) autofrettaged vessels) * Code Cases 2278 and 2290 for ASME Section VIII Division 1 allow for alternative maximum allowable design stresses based on a factor of 3. certain provisions. It is believed that these c ode cases wit h the provisions, m ay be incorporated into the Code somet ime in the future. Extensive use/requirement of butt we Different types with butt welds and and full penetration welds including n others pressure attachment welds
